Natural soil material Depth of cover to center of thrust blocks (ft) Natural soil material Depth of cover to center o

2 3 4 5 61.0

Soil Bearing Capacity (lb/ft^2) Soil Bearing Capa

Sound bedrock 8000 10000 10000 10000 71.82038833 Sound bedrock 383
Dense sand and gravel 1200 1800 2400 3000 57
mixture (assumed Dense sand and gravel
f=40ᵒ) mixture (assumed f=40ᵒ)
800 1200 1650 2100 38
Dense fine to coarse sand Dense fine to coarse sand
(assumed f=35ᵒ) (assumed f=35ᵒ)
500 700 950 1200 24
Silt and clay mixture Silt and clay mixture
(assumed f=25ᵒ) (assumed f=25ᵒ)
Soft clay and organic soils 200 300 400 500 Soft clay and organic soils 10
(assumed f=10ᵒ) (assumed f=10ᵒ)
Depth of cover to center of thrust blocks (cm) Required thrust block area (m2)
91.4 121.9 152.4 Pipe DN (mm) Tee, Wye & Dead Bends (degrees)
End 90 45 30 22.5 11.25
Soil Bearing Capacity (kPa) 80 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01
479 479 479 100 0.08 0.11 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.02
86 115 144 125 0.12 0.17 0.09 0.06 0.05 0.02
150 0.18 0.25 0.14 0.09 0.07 0.03
200 0.31 0.44 0.24 0.16 0.12 0.06
57 79 101 250 0.49 0.69 0.38 0.25 0.19 0.10
300 0.71 1.00 0.54 0.37 0.28 0.14
350 0.96 1.36 0.74 0.50 0.38 0.19
34 45 57 400 1.26 1.78 0.96 0.65 0.49 0.25
450 1.59 2.25 1.22 0.82 0.62 0.31
500 1.96 2.78 1.50 1.02 0.77 0.38
14 19 24 550 2.38 3.36 1.82 1.23 0.93 0.47
600 2.83 4.00 2.16 1.46 1.10 0.55
150
 Reducers
ESQ DIR
0.2 0.00 0.20 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00
0.03
0.2 0.07 0.30 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.01
0.04
0.25 0.00 0.4 0.10 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.00
0.05
0.3 0.14 0.45 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.04
0.14
0.4 0.00 0.6 0.24 0.12 0.05 0.00 0.00
0.18
0.5 0.13 0.75 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.06
0.22
0.6 0.00 0.9 0.54 0.18 0.08 0.00 0.00
0.26
0.7 0.13 1.05 0.74 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.09
0.29
0.8 0.00 1.2 0.96 0.23 0.10 0.00 0.00
0.33
0.9 0.12 1.35 1.22 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.11
0.37
1 0.00 1.5 1.50 0.29 0.12 0.00 0.00
0.41
1.1 0.12 1.65 1.82 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.14
0.45
1.2 0.00 1.8 2.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.2 0.05 0.01

0.25 0.05 0.01
0.3 0.1 0.03
0.4 0.1 0.04
0.5 0.15 0.08
0.6 0.2 0.12
0.7 0.25 0.18
0.8 0.3 0.24
0.9 0.35 0.32
1 0.4 0.40
1.1 0.4 0.44
1.2 0.5 0.60
DN Test 11.25ᵒ Bend
pressure lxh/V