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•t?(al8I e urt?x|ep se[a `sopeul[uesac| .It?It3d unan8asuoJ ogu I?putt? sour
`salo|st?d so[JPA ule}|nsuoJ a e|uaule|ut?|suoD I?l|qlq e ulaa| `a|uaura]ut?s
-saDul ulelo I?|a uroJ ult3|n| anb so¥}sTID so .]aura]u| eu I?Ht318ourod I?p
apt?pT|Iqluodstp ¥ opTAap eiled aput3rfe ure alloDo oss| .s¥Ht3 sous so®
-nod ¥t| anb op a.lou e||e sTeur o|lnur I?.fas I?Ht2J8oulod uloJ opuT8t3Ia}uT
suaulou ap ura8t?|uaJlod t2 anb oD[8?I} g `sopt?p[A e|uaure}a|dunoD urt2[as
sopt?s|nbsad so anb uranb[pul o¥u sopt?lpt2 sesse I?JoqulE .I?Ht3J8ourod
ureIA anb uleJessa}uoD sopt?sTnbsad saJoist?d sop %oF `opn]sa oJ]no
ulE .I?ut318ourod e uroD ,,opue|n|„ Jt?}sa ula|Turpt3 soE}s[ID suaurou so
sopo] ep so5Ie| stop `opn|sa urn urE .opue|uaume lt?|se apod ure8t?}uaD
-Jod essE .sTunxas sa]uepuedap o¥s og `soJquraur oof ep o¥5t?8aJ8uoD
Burn ap `anb t3Du[u8Is osst `apt?plaA Jol a5 .oxas ure t2pep[A g SoPTun
Sopt?|SE Sou ¥|STJD o¥5e|ndod I?p Tt?|o] op %o[ ap I?DlaD anb urt2|roadsa
st2isI|epadsa so .apt?plurJe}ua t3ssep so}uas! o?isa o?u so¥isIID so
•st3ur[]IA sons I?It?d o|ueule]el| oppala]o a e5ue
-op ouroD o|alDas opt?Dad o oppai|uoDal soure| a]uaura|uaJaJ st?uadv .o}
-uaurt?lost e o¥pI[os ? septA st?ns uleuHuoD `epn!e IIped eled ei|uo8IeA
I?Iad sTt?ulap sop[urnsuoD .o¥5I a Ozal sap `Os[I ap OAl]oul o?s
|t?nxas I?pugpua ap ap ult?Ia]]os an V .t21Stxa e|a anb ult?|TpaJDe
o?u epute sun8|e `t?|uoD uras sTt?SOD sop|Ja} a opt?u|Tumu `ope|t?ur el|ua|
I?IoqulE .t}pt?Dpsouselp o¥u e|uaule]n|osqu no epelou8[ g `e}aJloDUT Cur
-Jo] ap I?pt?|eJ} g `saulou soJ]no aqaJaJ `ulIsst? oulsa]^[ .soduna| sop oTdp
-uTld o apsap aislxa anb eA[s|nduroD t25ueop I?urn g o|aJJas opt2Ded o
•o¥Iallour seulT|IA
stms `t3pe]t2p o?u as `ulH oN .e|ueurt?A!ssaJ8oJd I?JOTd a eDsalD e5uaop e
`t2||npt? apep[ I?N .|eullou |tmxas o|uaulTA|oAuasap o uroD sop|pun]uoD
Ies unapod apepTulla]ue t3ssap salopt}DIpu| so `epugDsa|opt? I?N .:56ife
urT IeDaueLHla ulapo seulo|uTs so a I?pu€]ul t2u st3pt?]
-ut3Id seiuaulas st2p eDsaJD |t3nxes I?pugpua ap I?P o|aJJas opt2Da
' ',I,,I,'11\,' 1,' I
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•g|sap t2.[arfeT t2p o8eulg o e I?Jn]Tro t!ssou I?5t?aure `sneci ap la| ep og5t?|oIA
epun]oJd euln `opt?Jed nas `urTsst? I?pulv .o}TadsaJ I? melt?I I?Jt3d sleulep
ei|uo8IaA urgi st3ossad se st?pot asrmb anb osoulurt2Jad o¥] g a[E .o|aJD
-3s opt7Dad urn ulaiauroD `Ioised essa ouroD `oxas op sa|uapuedap So
•o?5t2mt2isal e a o¥5uapal t2 `snea leDai|uoD e e]uaul|eal o|aA ale
anb g |tmxas t2puepuadep I?p a8uo[ I?IopeulJo}sueli epeuro! eu ope5ue|
as a ept2ppsauou e opt35t?Jqu Ja} sgdt? a}uaulos .apt?plaA I?p urassaqnos
as u[t}[Ietpo o st?[a anb I?Hues `st?ossad st?lad opt?I!ulpe asso] t3JoqulE
•snac| ap o¥plad op ou8IpuT n!}uas as arduras a[a `emJ e lt?I}uoJua
ap sa|ue sour zap lod Joist?d opt?uaplo a sour sTassazap soe oA|T?s
•opunul asseu ept?u
Iod t2IleDop e o?u anb nlppap a eJnJ ep Zt' I? JIJqoDsep e no
•so8Iure a I?sodsa I?ns uloD sopeJ"3isaJ so]uaureuopepl ap a eAou t3pIA
I?urn ap `oiseuou Jas ap t3II8aTt2 t2p o|a|dal I?Ae]sa `urgJod `osseJOJd o
•ozeldsap a o[pg uroD o]ueurt?|IoduroD nes ult2IA st3urn8|v .unt3Jt?ssaDold
o eAeu|asuoDe ale anb seJa"nur st?TJ?A .a]ueurt?Aou oild|pd urn ula Oil
-I?8ald no eIlt2t[|asuoDt3 slt?ur t3Dunu e[H .oJeJ uraq no|sro au| OPIA nas
•sol]no e nT8!uuT anb osnqu opd eHsp8ue a o]uaurt?}IodunoD nas lod
I?d|ro `t?png}u[ ep sesolo|op se5ueJqura| ap o|aldaJ ossa3oJd urn [oH
:EEin ep eI13a|e I? a lop t2 nIlqoDs5P- `urt2][n8as as anb saseur SON
•Aa|[t7A uep|oD appes ap ol|ueD op s[t?nxes se|uapuadap ap apt?p
fun I?u I?pt?pus nap ap s[odap st?tp SOHPA .I?Pn(e JT?InDold ep st3AT]t?]ue|
s? JI]s[sal o?u I?led aiuapHns o opt?sueJ `t?|dnp T2p!A ens ep opesueD
eAe|sa ulgqurt?} Io|st?d o `opaur uroD a opt3Doap essaAl}sa I?IoqulE
• SIaA?TOJ|uoDu[ so|ueurt?Ilo uroD sop lop e I?p
t2Jqe oDlp9ur 0 .,,9DOAeled I?pn!e lt3InDold
sou-axpaa .a|ol}uoD ap t}Iol ?]sa eJOA .|ooD|¥ o uroD naur o aDalt2d oxas
o uroD o}uaureiloduro) nas,, :asslp apt opt?IadroaJ I?Ht!|9oD|e a oD|Pgur
`se|ap uln .urelt?|uoJ]uoD o saJo}st?d solino solJeA a I?8a|oJ o `opeuop
-dcoep a oppuassau .oJIa"asuoD ap o¥5[sod I?ns ap opl}|ulap lo] Joised
o a sosolourt? sost?D snas ap urn nllqoDsap st28a|o] snag ap urn `o?]uE
•opt})ad ule eiueurt?Aou t3It?D sazeA st2p[iadaJ a soseJ
so uroD JeuTulla] I?I|auroJd sezaA st2ppadaH .ale ounoD urgn8|e lod st2pI
-t2I]e Iliuas es urt?Ilapod sala"nur st?ssa ouroD PAT?]un8Iad as a oulseur
Ts ap o]|nur eAt}|so8 OEN .epIApp e|ad ope]uaurloie t7|AIA Jo}st3d o
•eAI3o8t3ur st3 ouroD IaapDlad sleure! ures
`st?Tap t}Aeiso8 anb e|uaul|t2el t3At3}TpaJDe a louse uroJ xas e[pun}uoD'
•st}|a uloD oxas t3At?JHt?Id ale `t?pn!e ap I?Dsnq ula |elo|st?d o|uaurt?L||es
~uo5t? I?It?d urt?AtzJnDOJd o slaA?Jau|nA a St?PTI]os saJaHnur opueno
 4T
ureJt2Sn Sa|E .aeyoD a z7zzaJap#.O ouroD `seiuaJsa|opt? a se5ue[ID Tod sopt2sn
ureles 3p s[eA¥Aold slt3un urt7llas anb sa|anbe eiuaur|t?padsa - st3soult2]
seDleul a sunuroD soullai so}tnur ap se}TsqaM ep soTulurop ep Saurou
urt?It2I}st8al solt?I89urod so `apep|It3|ndod le`|ut?8 e oput25auroD eAt3isa
|aule|u| a opuenb `o|duraxe Jod .st3A!]t?ID a}uaurt?Iopt?qurulad seurJo]
ap a}uaur|eJa8 `urgqurt?1 urt?sn t? stenxas salopt?paJd a se]n||isold `so]
-t3J89urod .a}uaune|n8aJ t2sn e I?[Iott?ur e e |eula|u| eu sourt?}ms sou ap
o/oo8 `3{oH .t3Pug|s!xe ens ap t3lqu?s o¥5t?|ndod I?p ura8e}ueDlod I?uanbad
eurn st?uadv .o|tl}seJ osn ap I?Ia }euJeiu| e `oJAI| a|sap o¥5Ipa el[eur
-[Jd ep eDodg t3N .|auJa|u| I?u o|tJI|dxa e|ueul|tmxas |etleieur ap api2p
-[|Iqluodslp e g a!ou sourt?iuaJIue anb st?ure[qold saJOTeur sop urn
soule}se a - |enxas epep[|t?Jourl e a |enxas
epugpuadap e I?J}uoD eJlan8 I?urn opueAt?J| soult?|sE .oppa|uoD nes ura
o}pI|dxa oxas o elo8e ulanput `It?l|Tune; epueTpne e eJed oJn8as opt?I
-aptsuoD a|uaurt?8||ue `,,aJqou oil?Iou„ ou o¥sIAa|a] ep st?urel8old ura
g]v .a|uault?Opt?ureJP ope}ueulne ula] |t?uopuaAuoJ I?Iplul I?P sgAt}J|e
t3Hel8oulod t3p apt?pI[!qluods[p v .ept3Dgp t3urn st?uade ?u sag5t?JJaqu
sopelap!suoD uleTlas `e[Jo|eur ens ula `anb `s!t2nxas soiuaurt3}JoduroD t2
a|ueurt3JtauHOJ so|sodxe sourt?|Se a!oH . ,,op}t3D,, t}1|ue} enb oTJpuo!sstun
no loist?d urn ap I?ulauo]a[ai urn t2qaDaJ na anb uras tzueures t7uln esst?d
as a]ueult3It?H .st?Dturgplda o¥s |tmxas o¥zt?A ep seuno] St?urn8Tv .eJn]
-Ire essou ura a e(al8I essou ula e|ueJsalD astJJ eunn ¥H .slt3ul I?pule
ZeA|e| `z66[ ura urela ouroD stJITapt?pJaA Jas e ultmupuoD opp}eld nas
uns aAeJDsap sault}D led anb sapt?pI|eaJ sv .o?u `seurn8|t2 a ule]epnur
sesTOD st}urn8|e opt?DT|qnd tol oJAT| o anb apsaG .apaJoas oPZ7oad o `olAT|
a]sap o?5Ipa I?I[aurtld e IAelDsa anb apsep sour azop urt3Jessed es ?I
o5unJ2dsa ap A,oxpun
vpuxp apDprsscoa'u vurn py a!oH
•JaDele}o apod snaa 9s anb eA[A t2n8¥ ep quu
-qul2D o apsour OIAH also enb t3Jt?d ore .st}|ap oredsasep oe a lop ? oTaur
ulase|-groDost?Jt?dst?ossedst?pnot3o¥urt?opua|saanbgoladsasepaJop
t2HdgJd t2qu!ul ap t3sneD Jod .o¥5t3Iadroel I?u zt3d t2 papuco sonno so}mur
ap t2pn{p e uloD .He noliuoDue aur snea .I?pn!e I[pad Cued speulap osou|
-rislo 1;in] a opeur `o¥pHos `t2i|uo8JaA ap ote`p `elp op a}uanb speur elqu
eu o5od oe o|un{ Jt?DH anb aAp urgqume} ne `eue|lreures Jeunur e ouloD
•quur t2It2d sepugnbesuco sesoJo|op axnqu a st?J]no ap I?5uequoD I? nlt?p
9T
`st3ossed st?|!nur noDIpn(Old |t3nxas opt2Dad naN .o?5npol|u! I?|sap op}u!
ou o}HDsap lo]st2d ureAo.I o nos ulgquleL .Io]HDsa a Joss3lord `olIet|psuoD
`Ied `opHt?un `oppauroldunoD o?|sTJD urn :ulaAaDsep eur seDpSHapt2JeJ Set
-prIN .|tmxas aiuapuedap urn mos anb s!eur o8[p ogN .Tenxas t2pugpuadep
t3p opueladroal Our noisa anblod I?5ueJadsa ?I anb fas na `a|ueuxputH
g oss| .epTultpal |enxas
6Iopt?Dad Burn e 6-¥3t?A|es ap uraBt?sueur e noHuoD shs`5[ .Iol I?Ia||Ppe
JatHnur v .sTaA¥}tadsal seossad sp Jt?8aJd I?It)d t3|[A I?u nopue o¥u snsef
`JatHnur I? It2mD ep sTodaa .o¥5t?A|t2s ep I?ATA en8¥ e - |enxes elopt2Dad
euln - eta e naDala]o snsef opuenb I?pt?urs|qu noJH I?|a `opIJt3un nas ele
o¥u anb uraulou uln uroD o]uaurour a[enbt?u opuaA[A a sazaA oDup I?p
-est2D .I?5ueledsa ¥p 5ur F o¥o| ula I?ue}T]¥ures JaHnur I?P e[I9}SIu V
•TEFlileap-iJA+in-aTi5iI5TueTEFTu|`6.-o-fFq-rfu'i6i'ili¥Tas-6jE55d
nag opus?n I I? ureJt?x[ap o}Inur ¥u `anb sa|anbe I?It3d e5uel
~adsa aATsnput ¥H .ox3s ap sa|uapuadap sop seurI]IA se I?Jt3d e5ut?Iadsa
¥H .o?]s[JD Jap}| oJ]no no Jo|st2d uln ap |tmxas opt3Jad o|ad eplt?I} IOI gl
t3(ro st?ossad ap sa]t3"lur eJt?d I?5ueJadsa pH .so8Iure a st?Iuure] `se8n(
-ugD t2It2d e5ueladsa ?H .|enxas opeDad o uroD `e]uaurt?DHqnd no t3ialDas
`ulalIos anb st?ossad st?|tnur se t}Ied a e[al8t I? i?Jt?d e5ut?Iedse pH
• ,,|enxes I?zamd,, ap ureule`p
so¥}stlD so anb o||nbe no ,,[enxas apt3patlqos,, t2 urt23ueD|t2 sa|E .sour t3}
-uanbup lod so|Iqgs seJpe|9oD|e so opT}ueur ura] anb ourseur o g |t?nxas
epugpuadap ¥ eJHdt? sauJeD anb o|uaule}eJ] o .oxas ap seiuapuedap
oEs st?ossad st?}Inur enb a oulsI|ooD|e oe eHaulasst? as opt?|ol}uoJsep
[tmxas o]uaurt?}IoduroD o anb eDa`IuoDel sauJt?D ¥DTI|ed .Ip o `(Sz7Jqacos
sz7p z7Jo]) smopzJeys a#4 /o 47eo oJIsspp nas ulH .I?5ueJadsa ¥t| seN
•sopt?PTA Ogs
•J.eJt3d uran8asuoD o¥u se[e a |aAp|ol|uoDUT g sa|ap |t?nxas apt3pIApt2 vrT5i
-ueurt?Pt2Ht}]ap IeAaJDsep elt? Sit?ulap STaAIIIa} se|ap seul pe `sltmxas
sesloJ `st2puolpau a STaAIJ:Joq st?s[oD a}auloD se[ep o}elDas ope| uln soul
`slt}apl so?}sIID so las ureiuelede i3[al8[ I?p solqulaur so8!ure snas sov
•sol]no so uroD aiuaurt?pun}oJd as-urt3drooald .sosopuoq a spua8 oEs
sell .selt2|ndod sodI|9aJa}sa sou urexlt?Jua as o¥u urglod `oxas ura sop
-t3pIAso.Tt?nxase|uapuedapurnaDailuoDo?uanbJt?sued;pod93oA
•coT89|oDTsd o]ueul[pua]ue lot|[aur ossou ap a
o"a8ueAE op zn[ •§o?}sHD so apua
|tmxas OPIA op o¥}sanb e reploap a lt7u!urexa ap I?Apt2}ue| e`|u!ur g fz7"xas
a.!J,€a ap Sap.!Ja/ sz7 apzJz7J#] .sag5e8aJ8uoD st?ssou a st?HIure] st2ssou a8Iue
ep enbJod ,,t2Jo| ¥|,, aiuaulos I?]spra anb JSu!} no |tmxas epugpuadap e
v]inini,Hri<;. ii]r I
 61
(oToZ 'S1008
d^|) .eaJa] .) e!uJeIN ap '.pa ez '(|Enxes el|uo6Ja^ ep seuaq!| saJal||nIN :seJpad uJas) atuDt/s/Dnx
-as tuoi/pasDa/ae/ uatuoM ,.sauo]s oIv era^ ou!u!ue} ienxas o!.,I^ o a.qos sag5eujo}u! s!eu ejed
•t?JnD ap Opt?uro! I?ns ura 9DOA I?It2d epT]It}d ap o|uod urn e(as olA!| also
enb eled aiuaultmupuo] soult?Io .|aAIssod g EmJ I?ITapepJaA e anb a]
-uaDsalJ alduras gI uroD souleD `opni ep I?urpv .nourt?ip sou snaa |t3nb
e eJt?d aureJ 9s t2urn ap o?Iun t2u leulJo}sut?I} 3s a I?nu||uoJ o]uault?st?D
ossoN .st2ossad st?J]no t2 opus?J|slutur adtnba Burn ouroD sourt?LHt?qeJ| na
a alqapa t2sodsa einyur `a(oH .sour a}assazap lod oTlqgs ope}se ot|ueL
•opueDsaD a opueDapqt3]seJ aur onut]uoD nE .osopt?J8 a uloq g SnaG
•seg5e8aJ8uoJ a saJo|st?d ap seDHpadsa sapt}plss3D
-au s? Opt?Dtpap o¥5as eAou I?urn opueTJD t}ura|qoJd assa leploqu I?Jt?d
elou eoq t3urn aur-aDe]t?d .opeDad ura ult?IIeD sa].o}sed so!ro se{algl ap
aiueDsaD oJaulpu urn uroD opt?L||t?qu?I] oi|uat sout2 soulp|P SON .,,sags
-e8al8uoJ eled I?JnD,, a (g o|ruldt?D o8[]ue) ,,oxes ura sopt?PTA seJped
a salo|st?d,, :so|n|ldt?D stop ep t2]soduroD g t2TE .,,I?{eJ8t ep st3plJ.a] st} op
-uelnD,, `F a|led ep o?snpng e t3!as aiuapTAa s|eur e5uepnur e zeA|ei
•[euFTulal epugpuadap e elqos o"Idt3D urn |a]uaD
-salDt3 o?u `se5uala]tp anb op urnuroD ura ses[oD s!eur o|Tnur urg| sTenxas
se}uapuadap saJetHnur a suaulou anb Jam lod `o|ue]ua oN .eTloteur tins
ula suaulou lod sopt}iuanbal} sit?nxas sa]uepuedap I?It2d o!ode ap sod
-"8 ula uraledpI}Ied saJau|nur se elt?d oJt|pura|qoJd urgqure} Ias apod
•o}ueurt?|]oduroD oulsaur o[ad ,,t2o| ¥ IeHnul,, a ,,t3punqu8eA,, ep I?lp
-ad e eqeDaJ Ia"nur I?urn `,,oEi|ueJe8„ urn opt?IapTsuoD g a|uaur|enxas
a8t3 anb ulaulou urn oiuenbuE .zt?p aiuepuedap aiuaul|enxas JaHnur
t3urn les anb I?ur8Tisa op esnt2J I.od t}pn[t2 ¥ osseDt? uleJaiqo se[e I?led
|pIIIp opts ula} `sala"nur st? elt2d soptA|oAuasap opts ult?ilua} sosJn3
-al s!eur a sleur I?IoqurE .oxes ap sa]uepuadap salatITnur st?p salt?[n8
-u!s st?uraTqoJd sot? a sapt}pTssaDau s¥ Iapua}t? eln3old o¥sTAeJ I?}sE
&'\''|,,I,,,r\, ,1'' , ^`r\^..` I/`.I``,r\
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•a}uaul|tmxas opt?PTA as
I
ulg| SaJeu|nul St? a|uaDsalD oJaulpu ure a `ulgqule| Jat||nun e `seApou
sel[3ueur ap lapod nes Jesn apod u[aurou o ouloD urlsse `o]ue|ua oN
•sealp sei|nun ura sueurot| sop s¥ s[en8t sapt2plun|J.odo ulg| a(ou SalaH
-nun sv .oAI]TSod opts ula| ossT `so+Dadse sun8|e ulE .st?Al|Iasst? a seAls
-sal8t2 stt?ur uralas e salatITnur se opt3At|uaDul ula] eln}|nD I?ssou `sept?D
-gp lod .oulu[ura] [unxes OPIA op t2pug|eAaJd I?p oiuaulpeiluoD ossou
ura o3li?ureJp o}uaulne urn gH .oxas ap sa}uepuadap saJau|nur ap
so|duraxa ulg|uoJ oJA[| assep o¥5tpa I?J[aurIld I? g]v .oseD o a ot?u assa
`o|ut?|ua oN .a|uaul|t?nxes JepTA as urapod sueurou so 9s anb Jt?sued
urepod sun8|v .euI|nDseur t2AIpadslad euln lod opt?!Duan|]u| a]ueur
-t2IAqo g a |t?nxas a|uapuadap ulaulou urn lod o|IIDsa lo] oJAI[ e]sE
•soD||qlq soEdpuIJd ap o|durt3
sTeun o|xa]uoD urn ap ol]uep soldpu[Id sassa I?|uasaldt2 st?un `sossz7d
azoa sop t3Ilopaqt2s I? ulg|uoD i3pu[e o|nildt3J oAou o .o]sTID snsa
uloD oul[iul sleul o]uault?uo|De|eJ uln ap sgAt2J}t} I?pI|qo las apod 9S
enb |eDTpt?I |un|II|dsa o¥5eurlo|sut?I] e a|uapHns o ult?z!]t?}ua o¥u
sossz7cr azoa so anb ap o¥snpuoD ? [an8auJ `o]ut?]ua oN .sagIunaJ
se lt2iuanbalI t2 a sol-¥Dt}t?Id I? st?ossad se oAT|uaJu[ I?PuTt2 a Ttm|tl
-[dsa tpTlopaqt?s I?]Inur ulgiuoD sossur azoa so anb JalD t3 onuliuoD
•t2InD ap o]uaurnl]sul urn ouloD sossz7d azoa sop o¥5t?DI|dxa esuaixa
tJurn t}uuI| JOTJa|uB o|n}IdT?J o .soDI|q}q so[dpuIld sot? a |tmilJ|dsa
o}uaunpsam ot2 Jolt?ur ast?Jug t2urn Jt?p I?It?d o]TJJsaa] e|uaureia|duroD
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IepuoDue t3It?d ure8esseur ap t3seJ Burn no sa|uei|uedunoDt? ap epug8t2
I?urn `,,ogja/z73,, uln lod st?pelpaulla}ut urt?Ja enb st}|n]I|SoJd st2}tnN
•,,|erultA apt2pt[t?al,, ap st?ullo] st?I]no e lt2x[t?q elt?d soap}A a sua8eurt
`siz7#. t3|A ]eureiu| t2u |aA}uods|p s!eur zaA epeD ¥|se o¥5tn]I|soJd v
•SoDIugIa|a| so5IAlas sassa uloD .sale|
-9p ap saJeur[ur urt?Je}st?g anb sTenxas sa|uepuadap sourt?|t?I] p! |t3ildsou
ossou ulE .sotl¥|t?s snes ulaqaq st2I]t?|9oD|e so ouroD ulISse `oE5quT}SoJd
uns st?urulol st?uenbed ure]st28 sltmxas sa|uapuadap so .apepTurI]ul a
o¥xauoD `ept?zlure `o¥pT|os ep ult?|e} anb sa}uael}t3 salau|nur opueJ|sour
`stt?uopoula o]uenb seDpgla sapepTssaDau I?led oiut?1 urt2|adt2 solDunut}
So .Stenxas sapt3pIAI]t? seslaAIp alqos ,,t3slaAuoD,, t3urn eled auo]a|a]
ap soleulpu urt?J}sour anb s[t3pleulo® uroD sope]uaurTde o¥s I?pe8"p
-I?ur ep sope}uasaJde o?s[AeTai ap seurt?I8old .auo]e[e} Iod aJa}uoDt?
a epezI|e8e| `apepleA eu `? o¥5tn|T|soJd ap Jt3|ndod I?ulJo| t3uln
•o¥5In]T|soJd ure ulaATOAue es so[ap
-our no spuTle5uep st? a]ueur|t}Ja8 a zepnu uroD e5ut?p ap st}ullol st?TI?A
urt?iueseJde sell?q a so|[npt2 I?Jt}d st?TIT?JAT| sv .a}ualp op I?seD ¥ Jt g]e
urapod st}[a `opue8t2d .st2" st?u st}}n|psold st2p ulg|e `,,so|apoul,, ap st2p
-ue8e a sa}uei|ueduroDt? ap so5TAJas `,,ure8t2sst?ur,, ap sest?D ¥u`e!oH
• ,,opeo8eur les urgn8u!u ulTssv,, :opuaz|p o?5qupsord I?p osn o Jt?DU
-psn( e ure8a`p se}uapuedep sun8Tv .osco urn opua] unssaApsa as urepeI
ourco sortaDlt?d snas uroD IaA[oAue as urespald o¥u sop `ppJauroD oE5es
-uep I?urn assol as ourco oxas o|ad urefrod o?5qupsord I?p se]ueTp so ouloD
•sTtmxas se|uepuedap so|Tnur I?Jt?d umuroD o}quur g o?5qupsord ep osn o
ap5rny;isoud
•olDIA o I?led `aiueur|t2n|uaAa `a |enxes apep!A!|e
eled ITn|oAa a|uaul|pt?I apod st?ur `o¥xauoD ap sour!]I8a| so{esap sop a
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sessa ouroD ep o|duraxa opno g I?T|Hooz v .setl¥`|T|os st?ossed t3Jt?d Sat
-ue|JodurT Jas urepod o¥5t2urI|se ap slt}ur[ue so ouoD sourapuealduroD
SOU ap So|TnN .Iplt?d ureaA sou opuenb se|s!J| eJduras a ]eA sou ure
sazT|a] arduras o?|sa `sopt}Do] Jas ap urt3|so8 `o|duraxe lod `soJlouDeD so
ouroD sit?ul|uv .Japuaiue sourapod T3ulJol eurn8|t3 ep `ouutlt2D a anboi
`Ioult3 ap t3Dsnq ura pisa oxas ura opt7pIA o anb ap sount?Iqula| as e!as
anb a}ueu8ndal slt3un Jod .elAqg g o|ueure]IoduroD assep eAIsnqu ezaJ
-rl|t?u v .s[t?urTue uroD o}uaul!ATOAue urn ura}lunad as soueurng selas
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I?uln ap t25uem8as e zt}] `ou[nbJOI~t3Aou |epT|od urn AIIt3r| `o|duraxa
Jod .o|uaurt?|JoduroD assa e a|uaure3Hpadsa opeDIpep oJHPJ8ou
-Jod |eTJa|t?ur a]stxe a |t?I" t2uoz ¥ I?|TulT| es o?u a|uaurt?]IaD `ungJod
`t3pugDsa|opt? t} eJed ura8esst3d ap o|tl opt?5t?I8ua urn ouroD t2isIA g
epuo sit?Inl st3Jn||nJ st}urn8|e ura t3ura|qold urn g I?[|Hooz v .So|t! ap
apt?pa[It?A eunn eA|oAue anb I?|dure I?Tlo8a}eD I?I|no g `s!eul[ue uroD
|tmxas apt?pIA[]e no `apep[Ttzt|saq ep ept?ult?uD ulgqulel `t2[|HOOZ V
prirfeoz
•stenxas sa|ep sun8|t}
`sopuoDua Jt?Dlt2ur eAt2iuai a I?Dprg]ap] e]s|| eu soII9}t?ale solaurpu t}It?d
tIAt28T| J.o|st?d ol}no .sazoA st?ns ap uros ot? eAt?qunist?ur as a e!aJ8! ep
so]unsse alqos lt?slaAuoD I?led oE5t28al8uoD uns ep salau[nur eJt2d eAeu
-olapi anb lo]st3d urn ela `o|duexa lod `HDTt| .auo]a|e] oe a]ue8alo o¥L1
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-91 anb sapep|ssaDau st2pun]old st? e|aAal |enxas OPIA ep euno] tzssE
-o¥5t?|pxe I?AI?JOAOJd eu| ossI `t?pt?|e]oq eurn lt3Aa[ ap o8lJ
-ed op opuaqus oulsaN .|tmxas eurlol ap saJaunur sessa I?At?Dot `sazaA
se|tnur `a|E .salaHnur st?u le8eHsa as a soTe`p snquug It?ulo} ap CAT?}so8
`otJ¥uolsstur urn `a|uedp[|It?d oJ}no .so5t?Iqu snag uloJ sTeA¥|IojuoJsap
ult?I|uas es anb odsTq oe opt3ult?pal urela| o¥5t?8el8uoD ens ap selet|[nur
se|I¥A ap slodap sou g}e oTaA a|H .,,o5z7Jqz7-aJpz7d a,, ouloJ ourseur [s t? as-
-ngJaleJ st?J}sa|ed st?ssou ap euln ap a]uedp[]It?d urn `a]uaula]uaD3H
•|enxas e}uapuadep o I?led |unxas opt7DHIu8Ts urn Ja|
urepod oi|u|ItzD ep o?ssaldxe ouroD so5elqu oursaur g]v .ours|InanoJ]
ap opt?ure`p a]uaur|t2Ja8 g `a|uaurt?DTu|D .apep[AI]e ap odH assa e ept3D
-Hde Jas apod ,,It2d|t?dt?,, I?]A12|ed v .e|uaDapuT apt?pJequ[ Burn ula JIruI|
-suoD urapod sopt3Dleur a salopt2Aep ouroD SoJI|qud SIeDo| ure O]t?|uoD
ep seullo| st2Jino a urgn8|t3 I?uuoD 3s-Je8aJ]sa `se8aD9D Jazt?I `]t?DST|aq
`IeDoi .neDe]uoJe anb leqaDlad urau apod a opeiuoD o uroD nI]uasuoD
o¥u I?ossad I?pno v .|t3nxas o¥5t?}pxa eled I?ossed eJ]no uloD oD!sII o]
-I?}uoD urn t3plut I?ossad euln opuenb uraJJODo se]uaDapuT Sapt?PJaqu|
sa|woapap sapapJ2qul
•oput?HasuoDe o Pled |aA¥]Io}uoDsep a}uaur
-eulalixa Jes apod ulgqult}] ouloD `|euotssuoJd tJJ!|g ep o?5t?|otA I?urn g
a]uaulos o?u oss| .seossad st?p st}ptA st3p soulpul sau|e]ap I? osseDe le|
|p¥] g apuo `opgpJaDps ou no o|uault3uasuoJt? ap slt?uolssHold so 3I]ua
I?pt?I}uoDua a|ueur|t?Jag g |enxas oI]IA ap euno] essE .a]uaur|euopoule
as-opulqTxa slenxas septA seIldgld sens ap Jt?[ej `zaA I?ns lod `urepod
sa]sE .|tmxas apt?p|A!|e I?urn ap sourI|ul saHt?tap uleAno opuenb sop
-I?}Pxa ult?Du soJ]no .a|uan|rmxas lt?|pxe as I?It?d sltmxas st?pt?ld ure]
-UOJ sopt2p|A sun8|v .a|uaul[euopoura sapt?pIApe sesse lt2i|ueduras
-ep apod eossad t3uln ourslmaAOA op a I?3ISII o¥5Isodxa I?p ulg|v
•ourslmaAOA ap st?urJo| o?s sou|o so
uroD I?ossad Burn ltdsap a}uaursa|dur[s no ult?xtt2qe es opuenb st2ossad
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Ialdn]sa I?Dunu nE,, :opuaz[p eHel8ourod no st?Ist?]ur?I Iod o[DIA nes led
-|nDsap urapod sit?nxas sa|uapuadap so .sa|ap sun8[e ap ellezTq no leg
-elf `|eJong I?Zeln|t?u eTed as-JTt3J]sTp |pp] I .so|ueurp|JoduroD so st?uade
anb op sleu lt3Iap|suoD a]ueilodurT g |enxas oi:D[A o lt?D[}sou8t?Ip ov
•soleAes sit?ur so}ueurtp|lod
~uroD so lt?|oliuoD ap I?ullo] I?uln ouloD soDts?q so|uaurt3]IoduroD sassa
JeDI|eJd ulgqurt?1 urapod |enxes OPIA ep st?!Jgs sit?ur st2ulJol ult3Ja|euloD
anb soJ|no .sapt3p[AT|e sessau aiuaulos ult}JiueDuoD es s!enxas sa]uap
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soiueure]JoduroD so o¥s t3pute sunuroD slt3ur so|uaurt?|JoduroD So
•soulal]xa so]uaurt3]IoduroD sun8|E IeAelDsap
o¥u lppaa .I?]a|duroD ¥|sa o?u I?is[| e `oiue]ua ou `JaA[oAue es apod oxes
ula opt}ptA uln stt?nb st?u sapepIAI}e seIlpA elo|dxa o|ruldeD assH
•Ie|ol]uo] no JTund ap apt3pTsseDau
Burn ap no apt2ptATssaJ8t?. e eATt3J ep `suapJosap st?ssap o¥ssaJdxa Jas
apod apepI|tmxes ens e ot?st2A Jt?p `sa|a I?It?d .apep[[t?uosled ap souloi
-sut2]] uranssod no/a (opt?IIa a o}Ico ep og5ou urei o¥u) se]edopos o¥s
sltmxes sosoulultJD sassap sun8|v F.o¥u `st?urn8|t? a |t3nxas 0PIA 0 JI|au
-al urepod |enxas apt?pTA[|e ep st?sou[ul[m st?uno] st2ssep st?urn8|v
•Jepod ou g]sa enb I?ossad
I? st3ula|t3d sapt?pt[enb e|a!oJd I?urI|IA e `soseD sassaN .ot|uTJeD ulo.I
|t?nxas apepIAIit? t2 I?posst2 elo8t? a I?5ut2tm opuenb t3pt3ise|our opts
Jet apod eul[]IA v .ouuIJt?D assa lt?In8asst2 I?Jt?d t2sloD Ianb[tmb zL.]
a apep|Jo}ne ap em8H I?|ad I?pt?pTm las `Iapod a|enbep a}Ied Jazi..I
lenb eulT}IA v .,,opelges,, 9}e no lopeDat|uoD `osolepod I?.fas lopi.;ti'
-nqu o anb I?||paJDt? t3ull]IA e anb aurnsaJd oTJ¥|tlo|m? oJdn|Sa o
ula} oEu anb eossad e sag5t?ruts st2sseN .el}no e alqos [euopoura Jep()tl
no loTt3ur I?pugnuut aDlaxa eossad Burn opuenb `apt?p|en8Isap ap oL?,1
~t?n]|s ? op|Aap I?plpaDuoJ a]uaulalAl| g o¥u o¥5t?PTUT p no o]ueulI]u`ts
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essod lapod ou ¥ise o?u anb t3ossad a eJoqulH .,,oIlp|TJo]"? oJdn]s`l,,
ep opt2ult2ap 9 SezaA St?urng|v .otHaA sTeur o||npt3 no o¥J]ed `]ossa]o.Ill
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¥ise urn opuenb `t?au}n8ut?suoD o¥5t?8I| uranssod o¥u anb so]|npe s!t `i i
al}ua |tmxes apt?plApe e Tnpng oss| .esouTulIID |t3nxas apt?pTAI]t} eJ|n(` `,I
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•o¥5emp t28uo| ap a se}ueiod so}Iela t2Ja8 o|uault?st?D op saiue s|enxes
st2IDuaHadxe lei .st?5ut3IID a sa|ueDsa[ope uroD au|eqt?I+ anb urn Iamb
-|tmb I?It?d Slut?]JodurT g o¥ssaJdur[ ap o}laJuoD o .|tmxas o¥5t?}pxe ap
sleul8IJo so|uault]ues snas e oput?ulo|al Ie|sa urepod `st35uetD ureJe
opuenb ossaJdur| to] saul anb o|Tnbe Jt?ssaJdxa I? urtmuT|uoD so]|npt2
so opuenD . ,,o?ssaldurl,, ap opeult?uD g oss| .n[8ms |t2nxas epugpsuoD
ens anb zaA I?IIaurlld I? uroD t3|DauoDal so osst anblod epu?Jut I?p os
-nqe nas uraiad.al e.urlol I?ssap ura8e anb so||npe anb JelJODo apod
•t?Pu€|uT t2u Sa|a ul0D naDaiuoDt?
anb op lop e le]IaAal urt?Itn8asuoD anb ap oI}uaop o|uaull]uas uln pp
Saul oss| .e|ol|uoD ou lt3|sa urapod so]|npt2 o¥s se[a enb elo8v .([enx
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-as sopt?PIA sop e!Jott?ur e `ope] ec[ .st?but?ID opuenb urT?IaAp sourseur
sale anb seTDualladxa opuliadal o?]sa st?5uetlD uroD uraAloAua as anb
st3ossad se|lnN .st35ue[ID Jod e|uaurTt?dpulld soplt?I}e las o¥u urapod
se5ut?tlD uroD uraA|oAue as anb sit?nxes sa}uepuadap so .seAIs|nduroJ
St?urJol ep I?JT89|o|t?d o¥5t3]ueTlo uns ura laA|oAua as o?u urapod so|u
-9Pad So .SoTH9Pad o?S St35uelm uloD ulaA|oAua as anb sTenxas sa]uep
-uadap so sopoi urau a oxas ura sopepTA o¥s so|Hgpad so sopo| ulaN
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urn leAelDsap I?led opt}sn a|uaure|uanbalI g e[|Hopad ourJe| o
•seg5ue|ep a sosseDold
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st?ulJo] st?SSE .t35ueTID t}p ep!A I?u t3}uasa]dal o]|npe a|anbe anb Iaded
op apT3p|Ioine a a}ue!paur |euopoure t25Jo} ap ulgqult2} Jesn apod o}
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elsa anb oursaur `t3DIsl] I?5Jo} Jt?sn apod o]|npt? o .ouTsua no o¥stAladns
`optzptro nas ap apuadep anb t}5uetlD eunn uroD oxas eDt]eld o||npe o
opurmb g st25ueTID ap osnqu o .eDt89|oTq I?Tuule] I?urn ap solqulaur el|ua
[tmxas apt3p[AT]t? t2 g o}saDUT o .a|ap no I?Tap apt!]uoA I? pl}uoD oxas ure
eossad I?uln laA|oAua tzled I?pesn g I?JTSII t25Jol opuenb aJJOJo oldn]sa
o .Sa|ap sgr| ogs se5ueTJJ ap osnqu o a o|saDu[ o `oldrusa o .st3soutur
ilD a st3Atsnqu `St2|ua|oIA e|uaurt?Jt3P ogs STt?nxas Sapt3PlAT]e St?urn8TV
sD5u:i9'ap ap Osi,lap a Oisaxp `OrdnisE
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spur `|t3]ldsqu op opr[ulap to} all .t2irngsold Burn opueploqu uofu norfe
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-[dsqu op adtnbe ep alaip o `e5aJed anb ol|uel]sa sit?ur lod `a|ueulzHaE
•o[ppTns ure Jt?sued I? opue5auroD Elsa all .coaueAsap as
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o oDtpgur Jas .out?qeJ| nas a o|uaurt?]JoduroD nas `ounsaur ls e I?Tapo ale
se|^[ .It3ure as 3Aep ulgqure] uedH `urt?uno o sopoi anb ¥! `anb urauns
-aJd ulgqurEL .st?ura|qold soIJdgJd snag ei|ua] o¥u ale `seura[qold snas
uleJt?uopn|os e sol]no so epn.fe ueAH ouroD `anb ureurnsald lopel nas
ot? sopoi .apuel8 Ias aAap sa]uapt?d so uroD opt3ptro o|ad opt?smeD as
-salisa o anb a opt2dmo ulaurou urn g ale anb opuez|p `o}uaure|JodunoD
nas urt?d|nDsap soil?uopunl so st3ur `oHt?quJ] ou t2AIt?I ap Segso|dxa
Steuo[st?Do ap aJ]os ulgqure| a[E .se}rL|T|Sold uroD oxas ule op!A|oAua
as urai.ueAH `|t?i[dsor| ou oTaap e!p uln ap s!odap `a]uaurt?urI]|n
•SoL|TH so a slepos sossluro]d
-uroD `selIallt3D sons ura stt?ulap sopTA|oAua ureJt2]sa lod ol]no o Pled
uln odura] ulgi oEu e|uaul|t?Ia8 I?sodse I?ns a ueAH `o}ur3iua oN .so8!uru
So}Inur ule] `oDT}?durTs uraulou urn g ouloD .st?]IeD st?sto3 se z[p a !IJos
ardunas st?ur `oJas a oApa(qo g ale |t?iTdsou ap soila| sot3 o|ueulIpue|t? nag
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sv opuneypr:uepr a opapueardunoD sopoi I? sunuroD so5t!I] uranssod aiuaurp}IaD `oxas alqos unt?It2tseiue|
seuadt3 no oldn]sa urn8|e ulElatauloD s!enxas sa|uapuadap so as
•oxas ura opt?ptA g `e|a
no `ep `oAPTiadaJ a |aA¥|ol|uoJUT o|ueure|loduroD Janb|enb eDT]t?Jd Cos
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anb ep apepI|[qussod t2 uroD IaA[A uleTITla]ald .osst?Dt7JI op opeur uloD
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umure}uesaldeanbsaloist2dsout7pugralsuelit2urnulcoala|osazeAst2}Inur
se{al8I sv .a|ualqure oAou urn ur3 ODIA oe o?zt!A oEJep oqu anb opues
-uad `Ie8n[ ol]no I?mod lt Jt?|ua] urapod sun8|v .sTenxas so]ueulquodurco
snas re8Hsap a]ueureppadel It3]ua} urapod sltmxas sa}uepuedap so
•snaG oIldgld op ura8t?ur[ ? opt?ap to] ap anb lt?8au g nt?ur aiuaula]ualauI
ouroD o|-¥pep e 6€T oul[es ou ,,osouHAI?Jeur a osorqulosst3,, ourco odrco o
aAelDsap eHqlq e anb ep relqula| as urespald so?]sap so `o}ue|ue oN .Terng
-[dsaaiuaurengoiueure|loduroJumourcot3]sIAg|enxeso¥5t28euo|nev
seieiuaiLi!|e suapiosap a |enxas o!.j^ al|u3 oE3eJEduo3 :I eJn8!]
TvnxEIS OID!A
oxas u[as
(u? 8apl.V)
o]uaul[eJ]aH appp[ulI]ul |t?nxas I?[ulI|nq
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I?txalouv |t?unou og5t3]uaunf|v t3[ult[nfl
laulo) o¥N oE5EI|nN ossaDxa ul5 IauloD
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 99
st?pot asseAoulal snaa as :I?D!s¥q o][nur g I?IJgsn|[ e5ueladsa essap t3Jl89|
-oai o?5elJOD v .|t3nxes og5t3]uap t3 ureleiueuquledxa eDunu anb st3ossad
ura a}ueurt?DFeur sol-?uno]sueJ} IeA snaa anb ulaaJD so¥]sTro sopt?PTA
sun8|v .I?pIAoulaJ opts t2TJai t2|Apst?I tins a opeuopunl eHa| soursppq sol
-enbep urn `assaAp as .I?|Ico I?!el8[ a opeJ|uoDue la| slt3ure! I?Hues sazaA
orienb opezpeq lo} anb ulaulou o .t?EApst?I t3 IaDuaA t2]t2d st2soTBI[al seos
-sad ap odnl8 urn urelnJold sazaA se|Tnur s[tmxas se]uepuadap so
•,,ost?D o opp I?!]a] 0?u na `Optznpas aul assaAp
:::(se|n°s)e:::De::I.aJ:ZsT:paepz?I:q°e::TODdIAsaT:;`s`S,:[]aupe]e]:[d¥aF€';:::eel:°]:;
e le]uesaldal urapod so}uaAa no seg5quI}suT st3J]no `st3ossad St?J}no .I?P
-I?IJa I?I[aut?ul i2urn urgqurt?I IeAt?i aAap `St}STOD Se Jazt?I ap I?]IaD I?JTaueur
I?urn ¥u as .sol|no sou ed|m e Je5ut2| I? tIAa| so o¥5t?DH[|Sn{o]ne V
•o¥3eJH[]sn{o|ne ap I?ulJo] t2urn g I?SSE .,,opunur o a urlur al}ua
selo"aur uleq ]t3isa urt?IJapod st3sloD st? `sa|e lod assol o?u as„ .,,I?Io]
ep„ so uroD apt?pIA[ssal8e ? eAe| o oss| .odnl8 assa e urt?5ua]Ied oEu enb
seossad st? uroD eled oson]IaDuoDald las apod opt3ptA urn uloq opal o a
st2ossad st?oq st2|ad I?Jsnq t2N .o]JaD ope| oe leDue|lad e|uaurt?pt?Iads3s
-ep uralenb a sod"8 sneur a sodnl8 suoq `s?un seossad a seoq st?ossad
¥u anb urt?sued sopepTA so .zapI8tJ ¥ I?Aa| ,,oJut3Jq a o]eld,, o|uault?s
-ued assE .Jell?d lt?A |tmxas oiueurt?]JoduroD nas `t7|JaD I?|nulJ9I e JTn8as
uraltn8asuoD es .st?s[oD se Jazel ap epe]Ia elIaut?ur Burn a I?ilaD I?Iteueur
burn gu anb ule}IpaJDe Sa|E .se|nulJ9] ap t3Dsnq eu `sazaA st?|Inur `ule]
-|nsal olD[A uroD. Iplpd t2It2d sopt?PIA sop st?pt3Jadsasap seApe|ua] sv
•opt?lost e 9s o]Inur t2T|uas as e|a a uleJt?u|e} sosoT8t|aJ
s[t3n|[J snas .st?ura[qoJd snes a]uault?|seuot| Ie]ualIua anb op o¥ppTnu
e lei|ueduro3e |p?I s[t?ur t2Ia anb naapDlad a slt2nxassoulou so|uaulT|uas
snas ap opeur u|oD I?At?]sa |!ud .ourseur o8IsuoD enb op sol}no sop I?AiB.
uroD It?Du [p¥] sTeur I .t7|uaJ}ua es anb st?una|qoJd so|ad solino so led|n]
urnuroJ eDt89|oDIsd`eDIur?uTp Burn I .At38 apepIunuloD e opueDT|TJD `1
opua3eAIt2Iue es oursaul TS e es-nIA `o}IP I?Ia op o}Tnul uroD ,asseploDuo`i
o¥u |FTd t2IoqulE .opunur op st?uraTqold so sopo} Iod sTenxassouloii
so urt}JedTro sale `o¥|uE .Ae8 Jag I?paJt?d anb ulaurou urn Jt2DOAOJd e `1
IezTJeTn®lptJ I? urt?It25auroD suaulou sassa a]|ou I?u[n .[tmxas o?5t?]ue?J{t
t3ITept?pJaA t}ns Jt2|aAel Jt2]IAe t2Jed t?IJ |FTd a s[enxassoulou 3Jqos S13P
-Cid urt?AeiuoJ Ilo suaulou so .sa|uel8Tunl ap |t}uop|pt?J| a aJqod oJI! l!.1
urn ura I?Inbolt?d I?urn to] ||ud ap |t2TJa]slu|ur o?5t?eurou t?J!aurIJd v
•opt?i|nsal npJns Opt?u spur `o|-?pn!e urassapnd anb s!en]TJ a s`ii~},`
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notHasuoDt? o |t?n|IJTdsa Jo]uaur nes .|tmxassoulou o?5eJ}e e a o?5t?qu"
-st?ur I? .uloD tIAe]nT a]pt}d ]as t2]t2d as-opuelt?daJd t3]stlt}uTules urn `|IL[d
vdTnD EI ZELalDlu
•Ielqula| e ,,I?snDal,, as opt?PIA o enb sa]Io] o¥} o¥s o¥sn|T a o¥5e8au
ap soulslue]aur so no t2IIour3ur I? aur!Idns o¥5a]old ap |t3Init2u oulslu
-I?Dour uln ula a|uapuedap op olqalgD o anb I?solo|op a|uaul|t?uopoule
og] g t3pug!Jadxa t2 sazaA st?urn8|v .seg8edt? I?snt?] anb `|ooJ|? urt?sn
sTt?nxes saiuapuedap so}TnN .segzt?I st?IJt?A Jod ulaJJOJo sag8t}de so
•T|e ureJe8aip ourco lequs uses st3t|ur?usa seureD ura leploDe urapod
ulgqult2| sa|E .opuazt?I o¥}sa anb o|Inbt?u sop[A|oAue e}ueuresuaiu! o?ise
opuenb sag8ede ure]uaul{Iadxa urgqult?I oxas ula sopt?pqu so .IolJa|ue
e][ou eu naDaiuoDe anb o no He urt?Ji38e`p ouloD Iaqps uras soppai|uco
-sap s[eDo| ura lt?ploDe urapod st3pe|9oDpe so .naDa]uoDe anb op as-It?Iq
-ula[ ep epeppt2deDut e `t2(as no `sag8ede t2sneJ sazaA st?][nur |ooD|¥ o
•st2Dngurelp speur sapept|eal se gpe lt3Iou8t t2 eossad Bum eAa|
og5t!posstp,, ap opeureip g a]uatneD[u[p enb o|Tnbt3 a Jodro] ep opt?}sa o
•sosorapod las urapod sag8t2de so ourco ep o[duraxe urn g utAax .so]ua[oIA
sTeul saJoulep so ulau npuas o¥u ate a salope}seAap sTeul soioulaHa] sop
urn op[|Ios t3i]up oDspue]H ogs ap ept3pp I? `oxas tIAt?DpeJd ale o}uenbuE
•eAeulal sot?D o a st2scoe ureAqsa sazn| st?iquN .st?nJ sou o¥pp|nul t2 JaA a
sauangs IIAno oe osardms noDH a|a ai[ou epnbt?u aplt3i speIN .eta uroJ oxas
aAa|auraurquouroDt?st?Dt3Jed|o]a|a`It?qouAit?|ad|oap|nlapo8o!olpsls
-se ap o?5ue|u! I? essaAp t3JoqulE .Jt?q urn ura ulaurou urn ncoalluco u[Aax
SEIgDvdv
•J.oTJa}ue o|ruldeD ou se]TDsap sp ouloD
oxes ap slt?8e|I st3ullo] t2Jt?d Jt?5ut2Ae lt2DHTu8ls apod oss[ `sun8|e eled
•seso8[Iad sit?ur sagT8al ura soliuo]ua la] t3 soln8as s|t3ur e|ueult?Apt?pl
SIT?Do| ula so]TaDled JeDsnq ap no 'st3pt?seD st?ossad uroD soseD ]a} I?led
seJIe]|os st?ossad uloD sost?3 ap `soDt|qud sTeur sa|ualqure I?led sopeAtld
s[t3Do| ura o?5t}qunist?ur sa|durls I?uln ap lt?sst?d apod oss| .sa|ue|pxa
a st}so8[Iad sleur oxas ap seul]o} t2]t?d lt?I8Iur epod [tmxas aiuapuad
-ap uln `t2ITaut+oJ I?uJo| as apeptAT|t} e opueno .oso8IJad a anbJod `e|
-Jt?d ura `eiut?|lJxe g ale enb g oxas op a|uep|A apeppedt?D t}p e|Jed
•t?At?]pxa o ulgqule] ossT `opaul assaAI] I?JoqulE
•a}uault}DtsH soso8TJad slt3ur urt?It?uJo| as soJ|uoJua sassE .So]ua|oTA
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epod oxas ura opt}pIA uln .9„j#aou#saM#a,, ap epeult?ap aiueur|eJa8 g
t3pugpuedapoD ap t!DTur€uTp essE .oJTeDled op a|uapuedap o|fnur e!as
oxas ula opt?PTA o anb oulsaur `|t?pHladns `eulJo} e]IaD ap `e t2[I?Iod
-ula] I?zaln|eu ap Jes urapod sa|E .osst?Dt?I] ura urt?ulurla] e sosoli+sad
-una| a}uaur|t?Ie8 o?s oxas ap sa]uapuadap sop so}uault3uopt?|al so
•quueJ]sa o laplad ep opaur souaur urai oxas ap aiuepuedep o anb
g `apepreA eu `aHo3o enb o .seossed sepno elt?d opqulqu as a}uepuedap o
uneaA`aiuedalep`auran8asucoo?u`reurTxoldeasapurepe]so8enbsolino
a I?Hpr} t2p solqulaur `sa8n!ugD sou |aAprap|suco o¥5t2ipr[ Bum ela8 oss|
•seulpcgld sleur st?ossad s? sol-¥D[ununoD ap sezi3dt?] o¥s o¥u st2ur `st?i|uel]
-sa seossad e soiuauxpuas snes ap sun8pe uressaldxe sap enb urco apt?p
-I[pe} e g sTtmxas saiuapuadep sop eTdnp I?PIA t7p t3ctpsHapt?meD t3unn
•urelreuopueap so e ulnge][e(al so `a}ueul[eal o¥s urenb ulalaqnos
sopHanb snes as `enb ulaulai .o?s eiueur[eal sale urenb urequs anb ureJ
-anb sale anb sequin st? o¥s lapJad uleurai slt2ur oxas uns sopt?PIA so anb
st?ossed sv .soApt3DHTu8[s so|uaunuopt?pl uleHD o¥u salo|t2} sessE .uleqes
sap 9s anb t3]eJDas epIA e a coapuoD opunur opoi anb t3pIA e - t3|dnp ep!^
t3um laAIA I? so-oput3Ae| `soulsaul Ts t2 a solino so opu|png `sope snas la[i
-uoDseeredlpueurulapod.I?ossadt2pnouroDpeossedaopun]ord|aAprurii
ure ]t2uope|al as ap ept2p[rogTp apuers ulg] slenxas se]uapuedap so
•o]sro lanb|tmb e sopt?|TAa Jag urt?speld a sosoJo|op o?s so}uaulI|u`lH
snag `a|ueul[eJaD .ula|uas es ouloD ap I?pugpsuoD ulg| o¥u `a}ueurpAt3^
-old `enblod ula]uas as ouroD a]uault?isauot| urgn8|t3 e o¥I[p eDunu sol:, I
•t?ossad I?I}no uroD s[eA?Iau|nA aiuaur|euopoura les uen8asuoD ot?u slu
-nxas se|uapuedap so .apt?p[ulpul ap ulapJosap Burn g |tmxas OPIA ( )
s|vN0IDvrlHH SElavaTnDIIIC|
•urgn8|t3 Jepl3J8e ap ulH e seJolB^ n
sassala}ut snas uleDHIIDt?s se|E .seossad st?I}no se sepoi uroD ureuopei"
es s[enxas saiuapuadap so ouloD I?ulJo; I? e|alt3 t3pugpuedapoD v .St?|`l| `
sa|uapuadep a|uaul|t?|o| JeuJo] es urapod a o¥xeuoD essa urt2iuasa]cl``.I
anb st?ossad s¥ ure8adt? as sa[a `o¥xauoD I?ssep I?InDOJd v .soursaul !H
ura soEzt?A sapuel8 Ia`pueald uleDsnq a ouu[JeD essep so`u8[p ul@iii"
as ogN .urt2JaqaDal o¥u anb oi|uIJt}D o ureDsnq oxes ura sopeplA so
•sa}uapuadi)pu,i
o?s ulgqult?1 sale `opun]oJd |euopoula |aAIu urn a `anb no]}suoul`ip H! n
-nxas sa]uapuadap uroD tzslnbsed t3ssoN .sopt}uopueap uraJas ap |ur|.It tlu
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opaur ulg| sa|uapuadapoD so .urapuedap saTa uranb ep urgn8|e ap o?5
-t2Aolde e a louse o lt2Tndtueur ule|ua| sale `st3T8g}epsa St3 Seqult3 urE
•Iopt?|oliuoD o}uaure]JoduroD uln
e no [eossad opI|tlDes ap o}ueureiloduloD urn I? I?8Ilqo o aiuapuedapoD
op apt2pelsue v .ol|uTleD o e Joust? o Ja}ueur elt?d esTOD Janb|t3nb laze} e
t2Al|our so ulgqult?1 oss| .|euopunlslp a e|uepuadap o}uaurt?|JoduroD o
lt?Ja|oi t3 eipedt?J so anb apt3p|sseDau ap odli o g assE .o¥5t?Aolde a Joult2
ap I?peladsasap apepTssaDau I?ns e saiuapuadapoD sop apepatsue t3 I?p
-pai|uoDaJ lol `o¥|ue apsac| .|ooD[p op sa|uepuedapoD `o|ut?|Iod `a eJ|
-t3|90D|t? oP Se]uapuedep urela sa|E .t2J|e|9oD|t3 urn ult?At?Ie[oi e ult3IAIA
enb se|anbt2 It?u8[sap I?Jt?d opesn to] I?pugpuadepoD ouna] o .I?ossad
131|no ura o[-¥J]uoJua urt?TJapod 9s anb ap o|ueunesuad o uleAeiuaun[|e
a Joule uneAeJnDOJd sa|E .sa|uapuadapoD ulgqurt2] st?ur `s|tmxas sa}uap
-uedap ulela a}u3uros o?u Apnf a led anb urt}J]sour soseD stop sassE
•sOsolourt2 soseD sO[It?A aAa] a sazaA ODup nost2D
as I?|E .oJ|no I?AI?JnDOJd `o|uaulTJjos osua|ul ap slodap `sazaA st2 st?poi
•ult?Jt?uopueap e a ureJt?gut?J as `e|a uroD ult?JeA|oAue as anb sueulou so
sopo| .oTJ¥Jodura] It?|sa-ulaq uln JT}uas no lt?xt?|al eled seuade oxas ap
eAespaJd anb ntlqoDsep `aiuaul|enpt?ID .uleq opng `oxas asslnpu[ osst
as .sa|a Jod esloD Janb|t2nb etzeE .sa|ep o¥5t2Aolde ep aiuaurt?pt?Iadsas
-ap t2At?spald t3|E .oJ]no sgdt? uranou urn lod ept2uoxtede nTA as Apnf
`ncosaJD oputmo .eta t} o?5t3[eJ ura ODPID aiueurt?ulal}xa a oAtssel8tz
sazaA se}Inur `oJaAas ela a|E .Apnf I?led oduna} oDnod t?`|up a I?(al8t
I?u segtunaJ st? eAt2]uanbaJ] `o|Inur t}AetHeqt3J] `a|uaul|t}uoTseJo t3seD
ure t2At?]sa Ted nas .ole|sne uraq o¥]sID It!| urn ura I?pt?IJD [oI Apnf
•eln3ord I? arduras `eAeiTOA arduras st?ur `opeue8ue e opelisngl epues as
ura8t?sst3ur ap T3st2D I?p eyes anb sazaA se sepoi .a?ur I?urn opuemDold I?At2i
-saped.anbapouseur`ourse8].oouopesseleiulo?}eAeisao¥uenbneqcolad
ulgqure} a|E .a?ur uns uresst2Jqura[ anb st3uraA sapur st?}"psord Jelroord a
no5auroDap`a|ueur[tmpt?ID.st2}TuoqoimurasueAo[sare`|[nunuroDIepuoD
-ue as tIAt7Jn3old ale opFu! oN .pud ep OPIA o ureJa ura8t7sseur ap sest?D sv
vDNgaNHdElaoD
(SZ.I.8L)u5umanasJadznpoAd
?if uns i)p tlo,oAd v anb unaaps s©ooa siod `saQ5moJd sosraap Aod unvsstid ap apif
o t]iRap apum8 ap oaiioun ueAaptsuco `sapun? snap^| ..zTp o8e|L .sapoi speul
soun3Du `soulaze] se opuenb `a spelour se"o3se lazt?I ap sapt?p[un+Iodo
oEs sag5t3|ue] st?|anbe anb Jt?ulsue ura e}ua]slsuoD urgqure| g eI|qlq v .o[p
-}que aJAtl ossou opueJpel a]ueureApale eHe}se `opunur op sag5e|ue] st?
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 69
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-no ule sopt?PTA o¥s - sepugpuedapt[od urg| oxes ura sopep!A so|TnN
•Jeqaq ap asselt?d a[a anb apsap `e[[eA estoD Janb|enb enb
AIJea a asstp a n[J ureunou o `soseD snes ap o}TadsaJ I? vv op Jopt?}uaIJo
nag oe no}uoD opueno .vv op soJqunaur soJ|no uroD sazaA seurn8|e
`sosoloune sost23 Jet e I?AtmupuoD `Soue Pu oIJqgs assaA||Sa t2IoqulE
•vv op sagtuneJ stz a}uaune|n8aJ no|uanbaJ] a oulsT|ooJ|e op Jt3IAT| es
t2Jed o]uault?pel] urn Jod nossed all .Jaqaq ap asst?It?d ale anb nTBIxa
`saleu|nur st2Iino st3p oiladsal e t3[qt7s o?u anb `rfult2q ap t3sodsa v
•noJOTd I?ptqaq t3 uroD eur3|qold nes a soso]oure sost?D
Ia] a t2At?nupuoD `opt?st3D esso| eloqulE .oxas :e[Ianb anb ot? t3At?Aa| o
a}uaur|t?ullou oss| .salap|nun se uroJ oA[ssel8e steur asso] ale anb t3[ilur
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-ue lei|os es t3It?d soS[urt? so uloD elqaq AIJt2q `aiueDse|ope I?Ie opueno
vDNgaNELdElalTod
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`uloq las I?]tzd oxas o„ aiuapuadap o t3Ied anb t2ulJHt? SauJt2D H.tJ}ed
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`JaDaiuoDe e]t3d `oxas o anb Jt3}tpalDe e le8aip urapod oxas ula sopeptA
so .t3soJo|op a eJopt?|snsse g sled Sop urn uroD oxas op epug[Jadxa v
•,,Joure a [t?n8I g oxas,, :opuesuad
sltmxas sa]uapuadap leuroi as a laDselD urapod st25ut2tlD st?SSE .t25ut?[13
eurn ap oiu3urt?sued o g anb ap as-eJqula| st?ur `o[I9sn|t o}uaurt3suad
urn g assH .9DOA Jod ure] sTed snag anb loune op e|lt?d lazt?I aAap oss!
anb g o?snpuoD e `9DOA uloJ stenxas o¥s sted snas a 9JOA Ieurt2 ap Ja^
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urn lod st25ut?lm opuenb sopt?snqu ult3Iol sTt?nxas sa|uapuadap so as
•o¥sn}uoJ eiTnur ap opoIlad uln Jas apod assa `apepI|tmxas I?Ted |t?In]|m
o¥5eupst3I t2ssou ¥ opTAaG .sTt?urJou `o|t2] ap `oEs anb sag5esuas uroD otl
-I?|snsst? JeJu apod uln Janb|enb a|ueur|eJn|eu ueA|oAuasap as slenx`iH
so]uaur[|uas so anb epTpaur i `t?pugDsa|ope I?N .omod souraqes anb tap
esTOD Ianb|tmb lod soul!iues sou ap so}Tnur anb I?u![eueJpe ap o[auLl \1
Tt3Jnit?u os|ndur! urn `o¥5t?}pxa a apepTsolmo zeJ| oplqloJd oxas o
•[eJoulI a opeiuaIlo |eur |t2]n]|ro ouTsua urn ep sgAI3pt? no `t?Ht318ouJocl ii
uroDaATsnput`st3pugIladxaseTldgldst2nsuroDuessapndanboI!]qoDs`ir
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ep ouroi ue aATOAu3sap as e]Tn3o o¥sua} Burn a oAp[sod ouTsu3 ep e}|ej
p uro3 oApt38au outsue assa au[quloD .opt3}uesaJde t2Ja I?ounu |eru[IIdsa
a pA¥pnes `oAHtsod ope| o .|enxes apep!|t?Ioull I?p so8[Iad sop se|a|daJ
st?Apt?8au sue8t?suaur ap st3tsoduroD aldures asenb a saAalq sag5t?sJaAuoD
lire eJe `saJt3T I snes ura t2sJaAuoD ep oDTdg] t}Ja opueno .oppnDSTP a]uauleJ
-eJ eJa oxes o sTtmb sou st}H7ule] ura uleDsaD a}ueurpela8 se|E .o¥5t?uno]u[
ap e|pel Tt?]o| Jt2|uesaJde no sespaJdurt sag5euno;ul st?][nur opTqeDal Je]
ulapod .oxas eJqos o]uaulpapuoD oi[nur uenssod o¥u sale `sTtmxas sop
-uaIJedxa SPTJ?A ulg| spenxes sa|uepuedap so anb ap o]e] op o|tadsep v
TvnxHs o¥SnlNOD I vDNVHOND|
•soiuaueuope|eJ soAou a seossed seAou alqos sopt2ia!ord o¥s sop
-esst7d so}uauleuopt3pl ap so}uaulpuas soLHaA so . ,,o¥5a[oJd,, opt2ueap
osseDold urn ue I?ossad e|anbe alqos ept2uopaltp g [eut8Ilo Jopt?snqu
oe I?pI8[Jlp eAtt2J v |eut8Ho Jopt?snqu op so}nq[pe so ?I!ulnsse e5alede
anb ulaurou linb|enb `epqu ens ap op}u! ou urgn8|e ep nosnqu ulaulou
urnas.t}pu€Iult?uopTJ}ososnquo|adselaLHnursenosuaulousoued|ro
sa|E.sela\|[nursest?poinosueulousosopoiltptpoopuaDaJt2d`,,oleug8ap
o]IaDuoDald,, opt2ure\p o urt?}ueurIJadxa spenxas sa]uepuadep so|tnN
•t?p|A ap o|I|se nas la|ut?ur ap apt?plaqI| e uraJa} I?]t?d urgn8|e e st?|uoJ
Ie}seJd ult?}TAE .a]ue8 e][nur JeJoap t3|Japod apt?pill?nxes eu ulazt3] anb
o sour `t2soLFTAt?Jt}ur o¥5e|ndal eurn Ja} ulapod .apeplaA ap aJai|uoD so
urangunu seur `t?]sa} ep I?ul|t? I? Jas ulepod .so8Turt? o¥u st?ur `soppai|u
-oD so}Tnur urg} sa|E .,,solpe8aJJODsa,, oEs s|t2nxas saiuapuedap so
•spenxas o¥u so8ple sopno ep soAts|nduroD s3Iopt?]se8 Ias ulgquei urap
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ap a aJAH odura} o Ja] ap ule|soD .ult?IaApsa uranb uroD a ult?JaApsa epuo
ep quedsaJ e ura|uaur sa|H .oduei nas Tod sTaA?suodseJ Ies ep urt?}so8
ot?u slenxas sa]uapuadap so `eieDas I?|dnp epIA ens ep ailed ouro]
•sleAesuodsallT urt?!as sale enb
oputi!unad `e|ap ult2plro anb seossad a ,,peusaulua,, Jas urapod no `soTI
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anb seossad e ,,peusaurua„ Ies urapod sltmxes s8}uapuadap so .oulpul
a]ueurt2pun]oJd g o¥u st?ur `oDt]¥uleJp Jag apod ,,|ueulusaulua„ o
•,,ollour na `t3Ioqure lo] 9DOA as,, :o¥5eAOJde
a o¥5ua]t? `Ioule ap e®snq ule urgn8|e ura lep"8 a]uaurepeladsesep
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 19
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Ias urapod urgqure} `o?sseJdap a apt?palsue lt?IID unessod s[enxas sop
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a apt?paTsue JetlD urgqule] urapod Tt?nxas opeDed op st?pugnbasuoD
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•euTurt?dop e JeAa|a unapod ulgqure|
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IIlqoDsap ap aDut?ulol op o?5e8|odure a I.as epod .a}ut3|pxa las apod -ue|pxa a st?solazeJd sag3t3suas znpo]d `ls ura `o¥5t?drooaJd t3ssE
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sel]no no s}ed o|ad solIaDled uro® oit?iuoD Iazt?I t2It3d ura8t?IA ep soueid
sopt?Ioqu?|a ulazt2] sun8[v .t}seJ ura urale8euD g}e Tt2TJa]eun op ult?z||!]n
as o¥u a t3Ht218ourod la}qo I?It?d sepu¥}stp sepuel8 urt3[t?TA oxes ula st`i t
-I?[D[A sun8Tv .St?Iou oJuP no so}nulur oDuP Jt?Ae| urapod SIT?n|[J so
•se|a uloD oie}uoD ula leliua no I?|Tt3! ^

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oxas ura sopt?p[A so|lnM .so5eJd so Jt?sTnbsad eled lt?uo|a|a] a I?DTu(v).|``|
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•soxa|duroD ureq no sa|durls ui`t` I 1
Jag urapod se|H .oxas ura sopt?PIA soe |t?uoplodoJd olaulpu ula uri]!.I ii^ equo8IaA
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 99
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~uoD e `t35ueop I?uln o}t?I ap g |tmxas OPIA o as .a|lour e Jas aDeJed Bpj iw
t2Drun t2 anb sapuel8 o¥} o?s ouopuequ ap o}uaurpuas o a eiluo8I@A v
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anb Jazlp I? e[It3DSIJJe 3ur nH .I?JIugm o?ssaldep I?p sopt?||nseJ Jag lli`ti i
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so]uaurT+uas snas aJqos Je|t2] o?u I? urapualdt2 s[enxas sa|uapuadap so
•JournH ap t35ut?pnur I?p o¥zi2J ule sol-¥uoT|senb g|e urapod a soum]os
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oxas ula sopt?plA so|lnN .o¥ssaJdap ap eurJo} euln g oladsasap o
•t?purT}oJd o?ssaldap ura
ulaeD `so]Iaqo]sap uraJas o¥u eJt?d sosolsuv .sopeJt?durt2sap a sopT|IaA
-lad `soDt?J] ula}uas as I?Io8e a sosoi|uo8IaA sole s[eur ura]anoD .urens
-asuoD o¥u `s[eur zaA t3urn st?ur `It}It}d urt?.[asap oxas ura Sopt?PTA SO .01
-adsesap o g opp op |eu[] o|8pise o `naDe|uoDe oip o anb zaA I?uln
•st?ut?uras st3TleA
noAa| `so]nuTur so®nod ura neDa}uoJe ogu I?DT]?Jd essE i?I It38atp eJed
oJJeD urn a I?TJgJut?q I?]uoJ tins ura ol[al|u[p I?Ila} anb ap noDu||IaJ as
`st?ut?uses ¥u ure8t}sst?ur ap eseJ I?|anb¥ Ie||oA ule opt?dnDoaJd t3At?|sa
ale anb g Opt?p![t?al v .ura8eTA ep sa]ue st?ueulas st?IJPA i a|uaurt?Aou
lei|oA ep sapepI|Tq[ssod st?u lesuad e no5euroD oput?no .ults fune8
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opuenb at||ie]un8Jed .ass[p ale `,,oDT]¥uroim? o|o|Id ou essaAI]sa olJeD
o as ouroJ |o|,, .ura8esst?ur ap est?D Burn eJed o]alTp [o] a oDt]¥ulo|np
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•It?{eue|d a lesuad ap lt3It?d e o|-ppn.fo t2Ied opt3It?dald le}se anb
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esenb g `[enill op o[8p]se o I?.[upe oxas ula opt2pTA o enb zaA I?uln
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assE .[epue]od ura solIaDlt?d uloJ so}aJDas soJ]uoDue lai no soso8u
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sun8|v .sa]ut? ope}uaurIJedxa I?uua+ o?u oxas ura opt7p[A o anb st?a
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•so|-p]uol}uo3 elt?d sit?urap sopei|uo8IaAua
no sosoleulai le}sa urapod no |aAp+IaJe o|uaurt?|IoduroJ urn g assa anb
lt3}tpaJDe urapod osnqu assap st3ulp}A sv .sopt?snqu ult3Io] anb ura sour
-Ioj sou sol|no sop urt?snqu sell .sol}no so uloD ?Ie] o ale `o?ulJas urn
urt?Aesst?d ai|| es .soJ]no so uroD ple]tl8 e|e `sep uroD ueAI?]tJ8 as .urgn8
-utu uroD t3lt?I o¥u ap `ap uroD t3At?|e} urgn8quu as .st3ossad st3I]no uroD
oursaur o lazt3] apod `optzssed ou opt3snqu [oI |enxas a}uepuadap o as
sOuLno VULNOD EI oINSH" Is VHLNOD osnflv
•oiuaAa oe |euopJodold las o?u lod epuaaldms anb I?soATt2J o¥5t?ai
I?urn Jt?ipu[ urapod st3D!s¥q sag5eunHe no saiueDHTu8[sut so}uaAa `sa|d
-urls se}ungJad .o}uaAa op epu¥}Iodur! e uloD Jeuopt?|al as o¥u eDaJt2d
anb eATel I?urn I.I?JeqI| urapod opt?sst3d op so}uaAa sessap uralqula|aJ so
enb sotITpeD .I?A[eJ a so}|nJo so|uaulpuessal ureTD urgqure| opessed o p
osnqu ap sag5en|ts sv .sol|no so uroJ e sourseur o8TsuoD sopt3II uranb!.i
anb uroD zel o|ueurt?|JoduroD nas .Sope|IJJT o|tnur lt?DH urapod Sopep!^
So `St?TJ9}SFT sons ureHt3Sap a|uaursa|dur|s no `apepJaA t2p steurap oilticl
unt?8a`p anb st?}un8Iad zt3] urgnspe as .st3sa]ap saulJoue uleTD .so]J`1q
-oDsep Jag urt?iIAa a soiuaulI|u3s snas ure|IAa sTtmxas se|uapuadap S( )
ElavalTlflvL"u'i
•t?1uaTo[A I?IT `zaATt?] `a st3pt?Joqv I I i
steur sag5e8au znpold lournu ap st?5uepnur st?sse alqos sale a lt?}unt{
-lad .e`|uo8IaA I?p oJadsasap o o?|ua `opu[A `t?Dt}?Id t2p o?5eipxa e|`t`l
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t3p oplt?J|al Iei¥JeD o `|tmxas OPIA op opp oN .saiuasne JeDaled ours`iui
g}e a o?5t?|pxe a o?ssaldap leura}[e urapod stenxas sa}uapuadap H( )
HOMnH Ela svDsnufl sv NvanN EI o¥ssEudH(I
•o¥5uaie ap e}|e] Iod o¥Jal]os so}uaureuopt?|al a sassaleiul `sapt?p! ^ ! I u
stms `o"equp nas `sleur a sTeN .I?ura|qord Janb|enb o¥Ie8au sole a t3iii` iii I
-old o g |enb sap e a|un8Jad .opuesuad o?]sa anb o eJqos sope|unt}" I
3s eAtt2J urco lt?DH g}t? no `soIF no sa|ue}s[p JaDaled urapod .t2||o^ uw
¥ st?ossad s? s[aAprodsTP `eiuaunt2D|sH e}ueur[eJa8 `a a]uaul|e]ueur t )I.titJ,I
oqu se|H .so]IaqoDsap unaJas ap opaur o e t2i|uo8IaA e `t3d[ro e `iun\"
ept2p|Api2 tins uroD sopt?drooald o¥isa anblod soplt?J]eJ a sa]ut?]s!p H! iii u
uraDalt3d s[enxas sa}uapuedap so `apTI8old OPIA op o?Ipt3d o auitt,iui i, )
oalvHLHu no EiLNVLsla uEDHtiv.I
99
•t?IOTd aldures o|ueure|loduroD o `ulgJ
-od `ulH oN .opulpel8old p]sa o¥u o¥Iped o anb ep o¥sn|t e lpTunad
apod oss| .saAt?I8 s[t?ur st?unlo] oppeuloD Ia} o¥u lod saAt?I8 souaur so
uroD as-It?suaduroDal no `soTlgs sit?ur soJ]no uloD It?ssaD It?]ua} I?It3d saA
-I?I8 soueur sole la|aurco apod opt?plA o `o]t?I ac| .saAeJ8 souaur so uroD
sopt?ura]|e les urepod saAt?rs sit?ur so]ueurt?]JoduroD .a|o]}uoD qos p]sa
e5uaop uns enb opuesuad soulsaur ls e uraut?8ua zaA|t7i .OPIA o leDI]t?Id
ules sopoIlad so8uo| It2sst3d urapod sTtmxas saiuapuedap so anb ap as-
~elqula| .apt?pTsua|uT ura Jt?[JeA `so|lro no so8uo| Jes ulapod .sopep[A
ap oJeulqu o ouro3 sopt2Ilt?A oE| Jas urapod sa]uaDsalJ seglpt2d so
•ept2sadt?Hprfeourodlel}ucoueurapodapuososo8Hads[i;ursere8n[reiuenb
®ryeredFT3popuprt2dscoH¥J8ourodsoapIAt3ulais[ssesap`aiumBasosst2d
oN .t2Jopr2Do| t7p soi|npe eJt?d saung so I?red Psst?d ap HeQ .oxas e}uasalde
sa|ap Ttmb opueJroord saul[[} ep sequasal se mei|[roseA urapod oxas ue
sopepIA so `sTepng soP¥isa SON .t28ng a]ue8 equur anblod o3H?£ourod
aung] urn re8n|t? puilou aJamed `o|duraxe Jod .oduna| o unco apH8ord apt?p
-IApt2 ep |aqu no epugnbap e a t2Apelaue8ap t75ueop Bum g penxes OPIA o
TvnxES ElavalAILv Ha SEiLNEIDSEHD sHguavd
•opeHa ¥]se o8[e anb ap oApquuT o]uaulpues urn ura] `sTe
-nxas st?JupJd ap epuglJODo t}p o]uaulpailuoD eilua} o¥u 9DOA I?JoqulH
•|enxas eTBJeua i?urn lpuas apod `oxas ura opep!A urn uroD aA[A eDOA
as `|Hns sit?un I?ullo] I?urn aa .selAap sit?ur sag5t3JTput se ogs st2ssE
6t2|So8 o?u 9DOA anb ap s|enxas
st?Dp¥Jd Sped no oxes ap I?i[e] I?p t}ult?pad 6aped eDunu no e}ueura|ui3s
-saDu! oxas epad ate no I?|e `eossad I?ssap |enxas oJleDJt3d o g gJOA as
£[enxas apt?pIA|}t? ura ept2puaD cooled eslaAuoD
ens fseiluoq st3ossad I?led sazaA stmp euro test?a}-dIJ]s ap salt?q no
ure8esspur ap st?seD `st?IlelAT| ouloD [t?nxas o¥5t?Jo|dxa ap seJt?8n| t}Jed
t7iuode no I?lou I?ossad v fe||oA I?ns ¥ soDH¥I8ourod soap}A ?H i so]p
-I|dxa a]uan|enxas soapIA e e]slsse eossad v €od[} Ianb[enb ap I?Ht?J8
-ourod ap e5uase]d ¥H .euro]u|s asse lt?AIasqo ep st?ulJo] sT?]Inur ¥H
•sepIA sons ap |el|uco |t?uopt?zTue8Io o|dpuIJd o ult3uloi es sit?
-nxas sapt3pIA[ie se a so}uaurt?sued so anb ule o}uod oe urt28aap enb g]e
o?ssasqo essa I? odura] s[t?ur zaA ept3D urt?3Tpap sa[H .sl3Ise]ut?I st}ssa I?It?d
slt?nx8s segssaJdxa leJnDOJd e I?Aa| so o¥ssasqo t3ssE .s[tmxas seTst?|ur}]
st?IldgJd sT3ns uroJ sopeDcoqo `opn] ap setup `oEs oxas ura sopt?PTA so
slvnxEls sOLNEiMVLHodINOD uod o¥ssHsqo
 69
•st2|-?|n3[ile an8asuoD o?u oxas ap aiuapuadap o anblod
olIaJJed op sa65eJ}s"] se JaapDlad o¥u apod e|a no e|a `uroq ]coelt2d
t3ssod oiueurt?seD ou oxas o anb oulsaN .oAT|t2 Tt3nxas a|uapuadap uln
lazt?lsI|t?s BIT?d a}uapHns g ezaTaq no |enxas apt?pIAT|e ap apt?pt|ut?nb
t3urnguau anb eqt3s eJ[urgpeDe o?5t?urlo} sit?ur uroD a8n!ugD urn
•st}pugra]aJd a sTenxas segJpt2d Jet ap soi[aJ|p snas lapua]ap
urt?spaJd st?|a `o}ue]ue oN .essTunqns Jes o¥5t)STlqo uns I?(as anb uraurns
-e]d enblod o|ueult?st2D ou sept?nbapt3u[ sit?nxas st?pug8|xa ulaJt3|uolluoD
:g3s:;:os3e:,:€::;I:I::;,deT::,,::dF=:P::3;;:osDe:¥ojopTan:oe:::]a]npbu:;%ue:
-Ire lpuas es apod sa|durTs sleur I?Dturgpt?Dt3 o?5euno] ap e8n!ugD urn
•oxas ule assela}uT umquau urapsuoulap o¥u zaATe| no `ltmxas apt?pTAI|ll
ap sods no oxas slt3ur ap sepug8Txe sleur zeA I?peD Iazt?I urapod oxes ur`i
Sopt?PTA SO .0|uault3St3D OP t310| |enxes apt?PIApt2 I?p opt2}[nsal ouloD in
o¥5t3ps"] ep t2sneD Tod oxes o a|ueure|e[duroJ It?|lAa urapod sa|E .o|ueul
-eseD ou |i3nxes apt2ptApt? I? uroD soptaps"] SIT?ur zaA t2PeJ o?It2]H oX`iH
ue sopepTA so anb ap o|t?I o I?It3d st?|Ja|e Jt}|sa uraAap se8n!ugD so
•It3IOTd o¥A st?pugnbasuoD st? anb eDHIu8Ts t25ueop i3r
:a¥;:a=8o°,Juda¥e.]S]°ot£:S:gaos]°p:[uao:;::DS::eE{e°|-a?[}::::::b°:;DuaaJdurE;°npbe:::i
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ep a noxtep o e|E .oiua|o[A a opelI noDH ale `nosnDe] es t3|a oput?n{`}
•suaulou soJ|no uroD oxes opuezt?I I?I-?ul|H I?tlanb `slodaa .I?nu I?I-¥ul I I/
I?!Ienb a oapIA ap I?IaurgD I?uln nolduroJ aTa `eptn8as urE .soDHPJ8uu
-Jod saul|H `sTodap a so||npe t2Ied seur|H II]S[sse t3It?d noAa| e olIau !,h I
optleur nas anb no|uoD aur Jo|sed urn ep I?sodse v .ureJOTd sopt}nh`l|i
-I?uE s[tmxas soiuaunt3}JodunoD so `apTJ8old e5uaop t2 anb I?plpaur v
•soAI|t3ID o}Tnur Jag urapod I)x` itJ
ura sopt3pTA so e sTins s!eur st?pt?}ueD ¥H .app t2st?D p IT ep e|Je]Soi} ll|,i
es no}un8Jed Opt?u op a I?|a g|t2 otaA ulaulou urn anb ass[p err t3DI]s`,M I |H
ap e[ulapt?Je I?uln ap I?isluopdaDaJ I?urn t2Tp uln .oxas aJqos Jt2[t?I `1 `v`,`t t^
g|t3 o}aJ[p IIA urepod sa|E .so|aJIp uleq o?s oxes ura sopt2IJTA sun8[v
•se|ueel}e st?ossad st?]IaD urell8as .opn| ult3AJasq( ) . I I 11
a tube urexH as Sou[o Snas .opueAlesqo o?|sa elduras `urt?Alasqo ,` tN I+
-I?Iap so|Tnur o¥p `t?pt3nbapeuT eiuaura}uelt?de I?urlo] ap st?ossad tji? I i I u .
-o| `sa]ueDTd sept?td ule}uoD sa|E .tz!al8I eu g]e no e" eu `eisa] L9itH I uw
oxasunaopepIAurnlt?I]uoDuaapod9DOAaopuelmoldp|saanb()1lt||i'ii
sOLuElav slvnxEs S05NV^v H
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i3urn8|e lazel a ,,ourse8Io oe lt?8axp„ ouroD ,,It?8auD,, I?|aJdla|uT oxas
ula opt?p[A o `,,a!ou Jt}8axp JTn8asuoJ Tt?A o8|ure na|^[,, zlp I?ossed e as
•[enxas oppe|uoD o Je|uode a JTHos ?Japod oxas ura opt3pIA o a odT| as
-sap ogle I?8lG .|t?nxes sepp urn `sopt}DUTu8[s stop la] urapod anb sast?I]
no st?IAe[ed - opI|uas o|dnp ula sp|s[|t?padsa o¥s sa]uepuedep so
•ulg|t? ossed urn lep apod |enxas oii|aungA[oAua ap |aAIu
o `pAgloAel I?(as o¥5t?aJ e ost?D `a ppt?Id I?ns aAno anb I?ossad t2p o¥5t3al
e ITpaur urapod slt3nxas sopt?p|A so .solIaDJt?d soAou lt?]nlJal elt?d sep
-I?sn las urapod slt3nxas st?peTd sv .osslu [enxas Joumu urn8|p ulaaA a
sag5t?n][s st?p e[Io[eur a urezl|tmxas sa|E .|enxas oi|unD ap st?pt?Id opue}
-UOD no (|enxas oTpgsst? uleJap[suoD so]Tnur anb o) opueDOAold a]duras
oE]se salE .opo] odura| o |tmxas Jourm| o urt?sn oxes ura sopt?p[A so
TvnxEis HOINnH Ea osn
•st?pt2Dt?]t3 urt?!as
sapTulie sons anb urt?{asap o?u anblod o¥5t?I}el t3ns ure opung sit?ur s[e
-nxas sa]uepuadep so I?Ae| st2uedp oss| .sopTAno urel3s ap urH p st?DI]IJD
stms ap auln|oA o le}uaurnt3 I? ulenu[iuoD anb e sapTt]T]e st?ns II8IIIOD
ap o}Tnur urt?|Je}so8 anb st?ossad uroD IaAIA urapod sa|E .o?u no st?Ap
-nJ|SuoD Se|e urt?[as `St?DHIID a so|laqu o|Tnur o¥S o¥u oxes ura sopt?ptA
so `soII¥Ip sotuaure]]oduroD sues ap a]It?d apueJ8 urapuoJse se[a ouroD
svDILjuD s¥ EI O¥slAHEldns Y VDNBLSISEIH
•so8Ture uranssod ot?u st3ur
`soppa`|uoD so}tnun urg| sa|H .se}uepuuoD snas se|ap opuezt?I a|ap ula]
-so8seossadseanburo3Jazt?]ult?]ueis!enxesse}uapuadapso.epepJaA
t3p Jaqu?s o?u lod sopt?d[m ult?Ipuas as a sopt?®o`p ult?It3DH sopo] `o|
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seiuap[}uoD Ias ult?At?]TpelDp I?.fel8| I?peululla}ap ap solquraur so sopo}
est?nb anb noiuoJ aun oJI|9|eD odslq uln .soi|ueJ]sa e st?plA st?ns ap `s!e
-nxes so oiaDxa `sourI]ul sa"e]ap ult?|uoJ oxas ura sopepIA so|TnN
•st?Ip so sopo+ selou sgr] I.od PAT?iplaxe
as oiuenbue seiaplip ap sa]o®t?d sgr| I?AeDseur anb |tmxas eiuepuadap
uln PeuuoD .I?DTurlnb I?Pu€}Sqns Burn Jt?sn no apt2pTAI|e euln ura leA
-|oAua as a|ueurt2AIs|nduro3 unapod se|E .unt?DJa® o anb sopo] e lt?pour
-oDu| urepod I?pTqaq a oum} `o?5t?|uaurI|e `aue[8Tu ep sTeossad so|lqpu
snas .soursaul |s ep Jesnap ulgqurt?] urapod oxas ula sopepIA so
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t2uln secede g apepIApt? tins ap o8Ilad o `sun8|e t3Ied .st2puenbasuoD ap
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•|aH JaDeueuned t3Ied o|uauleseJ nes ura meHequp p a snaG
ap o?plad o ]t2i[aDt? t3 `oulsaur o8Isuo3 sTt3ulep omp les o¥u a no.Ielcoue
o lo+sod nes .assepnur ep anb n€Txe a sa|ep urn n|JqoDsap I?sods3 ens
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 64 84
snas JTlap `It?JadooD g t2ossad I?J]no e rept3rfee ap eunol t2D[up e enb ulalq
-oDsep sa|E .,,o¥u,, Jazlp Janbas I?|ueTpt? o?N .Jtpadqu urepod o?u se|a e •t2ossad Burn ap t2ul|t3 I?p a aiuaur I?p `odJo®
sap t3puoD sestoD zt2I ue[]uoD sap uranb ura urgn8|e `Joapur `oHaA speur op lopal oe uleis[xa anb |eni[IIdse a [enxes `oJIs}] `|t?uopoura oII9]THe]
ur9n8|v .apeppeAIJd ens JTpt2Aul uepod soJino .saplIdsa no saiueur urn ap sTaA}sTAUT seal? o¥s sa|[url| so .sa|[ulI| ulg| se[|Iurt3} st2 st2poi
`sodroD snas aJqos a|oJiuoJ urgi o¥u anb urapuelde st3ossad se `sti3ur
-ap soxiroJ] o¥s sa}Turt| so opueno .I?HdgJdqu eunol ep sope}saoulpe SEILINI1
no a|ueur[enxas sopt2Do] oEs `ue}H8 `sopeDuedsa o¥s eI[Iure} essap soJq
-uraur so .esID ure seT|;urel ura st2H?S Steur o?S Sa}[ul[I ap S395t2[oIA Sv •apt?palsue a tIAI¥I `o}uault3|oST
•t3|ep oiJunb ou lt?J|ua ap sa|ue t?] `o¥pI|os `ei|uo8JeA ep so]ueulT}uas soe ult?Aa| o enb o ogs seJ[urgulp ses
-Tod t2u oppeq lei I?IlaAap eta a apt?ppt?AIld ap t2spald aiueDsa|ope I?uln -sa `slenxes sa}uepuedap so eJed .opTA|oAue OPIA o¥u no I?feu `t?Pueop
anb a opepunue o¥u a]!ul[[ o .|aAISIAul e[Jgs!AIp ei|u!| i2um ulelez"D eI[Iult?I ]enblt?nb ap st?DI]sIla]Dt?It?D se ulaAarosap our[xgJd o a o|n]Idt}D
anblod sopt?5t?Iequra uleleDH soqule `aiuaule|t?[peul! oples essaA|| e|a assE .SepTlel a osnqu ap st?pugTJadxa e |aAPJau|nA ult}ulo| o anb oxas
I?IoqurE .oput]seA as eAt3isa eta opuenb a}ueJsa[ope I?u[u ens ap o}Jt?nb ula opt?PTA urn ap I?T|Iurt?I I?u selo]t?I so lapuaalduroD t? soure5euroD `o|
-ruldt2D assaN .(€ I?Jn8H I?{aA) sop}A a sTgded `seJ8el `sa]IurT| :I?]un8led
ou noJiua a}uaul|t?iuappe naur o8[ure urn `a}Iou I?uln .sope[olA o¥s
Se|tulI| So .et|Iurt?I I?p SoJquleur So aJ]ua ulalloDo laDa}uoDt? ult?HaAap t?ssa e lapuodsal e urepn(e sou enb salt?[|Iure] seDTul€uTp ap st2Ilo8a}
oEu anb sag5t2Jaxp se oputmb ,,so||os,, ouroD so|[JDsap o¥s sa}!ulT| so -eD ol]t?nb ¥H €se!]uaop salt?I|Tule] seDIul?uTp se uraTl]pSuoD enb ulE
•ol|ngJeD ap a|uaTqule urn g assE .opt3ult? J.as a oJn8as reise ap o}uaulpuas
urn e[|;ule] ep solqulaur soe ¥p slenxas st?ullol ap O?u a |eA¥pnes eullo:I sprl:ueop sacpriquvf svoqu:ig'ap sv
ap ol]no ot3 urn eDo} anb t3I|}ure] I?urn .epT8a}old a I?m8as Slues es I?ossacl
Burn `|aAppnes eullo; ap SoPpueur o¥S Sa|TUH| So opueno .Opt2Z"J JtlH vrod uenqu|uoo anb sqg'!AOBaxpo -oapnb
oqu no apod I?ossad eurn ap pAIs[AUT o5edsa o anb seuno] se uleuH{iii
sapul!| so .,,o5edse„ ossou o o¥s sa|H .i35Io] ap odurt?D uln ouroD o¥s sai',, I •sa|ap Jt?IAI| as
ouno3 ap slaA?pnes st?u|oDsa lazp} urapod `solugurap Snes uraDaquoD
st2!iuaop sale!|Iult?I st2DIur¥u!a :€ t7m8I| opueno .Jerm as a oxas ura opepTA o Jepn{e ap ulH e opt?ssed op solu
-9urap sassap sun8|e ulelaunou so|n|ldt?D stop sour[xgld so .sa|ualJ-oD
I ediu!i ep!iuo.
sag5t?n]Ts st?u eullo] Opt?uTulJe]ap ap urt?{t?aJ seossad se enb uroD ulaz
I eq notl euje|e. O}ues -e] sopt?ssed so|uaAa ap sa]uapsuoJul st??I9ulaur st!ssH .[|e og]sa anb
ap uraDenbsa as st3ossed sp sezaA st3]Tnun a oJiuap g| st?pt?IJa]ua o¥|sa
jeiLio. eupo3!N euu!Sa3u!Jd/ad!Ju,IJd
St7|E .soTugulap sessa ouroD Ias urapod sazaA st?ilnur epu€|ul I?p st?s
sejdiuo] e}!a.ej iuas. jopEi!3ede. -OJo|oP seTI9ulaur Sv .st3plA stms opt2|oJ]uoD a st?ul!i|A st?ns oplnssod
unt?uup anb solugulep nos|ndxa snsaf `t!JJa] I?u oIJg]sTulur n3s ulE
so}sED e|!a.aJ luo3. Jopez!|eet| an8aN
•so]uaurT}ues sessa uroD Jaze} anb o eqlt?s anb urgn8
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ungn8[e uroD a|t3H .st?lap e{n] o¥N .st?soJo[op st?5ueJquna| st2urn8|e lt}i
ou|eqeJ]. Se8oJa eio3sew sojino so ad|n]
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sounaDseu `seII9uraur st?ssou lt}ilcoe ep apeplaqT| e lp[unad sou apod
|e}uauquoduro) epu?}sqns !9JaH a|e} o§N o],|lltl
Ted SneG anb opuaqt?S .o|Ia]Jad g |t?pse[co [t?d ossou `t?|Ta]Iedur[ eras I?u
so!.j^ s!gd ed seu8at| s®]| lil I I -alla] I?!|Iult7] t3ssou eloqurE .sgunT a so¥urlI ap t7uletp sou a (Fi.6.I ]N)
 18
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3ssa nap aur t3Dunu o?ulJl res,, no `,,t2Joap o¥u ouluaN,, Jaz[p apod
urgn8|v .I?Doq a lt?|eJ ulepueur au| a|ueursa|durTs no sopt?zeldsap `sop
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sol]no so anb ltqtold t2It}d sa|durts seg5n[os unaDeJa]o eiu3urt?iuo]d
so}|npt3 so .seso5t3Jequra sag5t?n][s no st?ura[qold `soiuaurI]uas alqos
ult?|el o¥u e|u3u[t?|IeD st?ur `Al ap eureJ8old urn no |oqa|n] ap o8o!
o `t?urlp o ouroD s[epHladns soiunsse eJqos le|ej urapod st?Iuult3] sv
soun|vf ogu S9N
:sunuroD stt3ul ODngD se O?]sa
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no st?]IDsa ult?Iol t2Dunu a|uaur|aAt}Aold st}I8aJ sessH .a|ol|uoD ep t2tt3s
o¥sua} t2 anb lt2}IAe I?It3d e]npuoD ap selgaJ urg} st2Tuult3I Seurn8|V
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st2ssalapueldeu]respaldejroeun!asapanbsoptppquso.sopesossouso|ed
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ap t2Jo} JeDH peA t2p `t!ATeJ elI`I!un e elqos Jt?|e} ne as,, :Jaztp urepod e|T|urej
t2p solqulaur so .uralotd sap enb uroD zt}I oqu soiueurpuas sossou ap lt3|
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ap so}uaulpuas so a lop e alqos Jt?Tel a Jt2}taDe ouloD IapueJde |aA¥pnes :;I
• `&E ` •sosongureDad e squdgrdul[ soiueureprodurco
•opt3ure las ap a oln8as le}sa ap oiuaur ! i
-uas uln eJa8 I?Iuurt?I ep odp assau laDsaD .sa}tung[ It?HD a JepJen8 eJl?il
urt?"equp staA¥pnes so}uault?uope[a] ureDpt2Id anb st2!|Iurt?I sv
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-ue] sosoloue sTt2d opuenb `saAerfe soueur no sleur st3uno] aG .sel8@i Hu
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Io]st?d o ,,£no|oIA o anb Tod `t?Taps 9DOA as,, :no]un8Jed o¥iue Jo}ourold
0 .I?Tqes IOIst?d 0 ,,6o[Jg||npt? Ie|auloJ o¥u epueur so]uaulepui2ur sop
|enb aqt?s 9DOA,, :Jo|st?d urn e no+un8Iad I?5psn( ep lo]ourold uln
•seg5ela8 sop sgAeJ|t? uressed anb slt?d sop sopt?Dad so ouroD ala]al as I?[|q
iaeanboeulgqule|F.,,Iopt?urH|A`euxpIAopp,,oouroDurale]alassuns
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lazt?I epod lt3d urn anb o elqos |euopoule o¥snjuoD e st?ur `opt?IJa eAt?]sa
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se|uTuntpd .epugislp ? seppueur o?s anb ula]uas seTuuxp] sesseu st?5ueap
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svueiqoAd sossou soun8@u S9N
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soueiqoid sossou jod soAino soundpe sgN
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 16 06
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es eTHure] eu sapul![ so as .ouopuequ ap a o?st}Aul ap :osnap ap sods stop
pH .TengJ!dsa a |enxas `eDts}} `T3uopoue :tJueumu epugpedxe ep st3alp
oJienb Jt3Japtsuco a}uquodng g `sosnqu a sepHa] soureDFTuapt opueno
osnap ap sodyi
•a}uaurt2iJaap sopI]n3sTp a sossaJ.dxa o¥s so|uaulT|u@H
so a uraiadeJ as o¥u opt3sst?d op so}ueure|loduroD so opuenb laDa|uo®`7
apod 9s o¥5t?Jne]seJ v .o¥5t3T|puoJel e a o¥5t?mt2]sal e opueDsnq uri!.I
-uou so urgqule] `so}t? snag ep st2]uoD ura]sald efuule] ep soJqulaur sti
anb ura8Txa slt?nxes seiuapuedap so oputmo .oE5elne]sel uns JeDsnt|
t2It3d a]uapHns o IAea noJuou `eaps-a}t2a uroD eJai[ppt? o¥5t?[aJ I?ns tiii
o}TadsaJ t2 tAea noiuoJ]uoD ¥}eN opueno .snaa ap soiuault}pueul Hu
unoD oploDe ap st2[|Iule] Sessou I?Iuou eAP"|SuoD t}Pu9PSuoD I?SSE
•o?5t2Iag e o¥5t3Iag ep uri3ssed o?u sled sop sopeDad Hi i
t3IIaueur essap a osou[urt?Dad oAIsnqu o+ueure}IoduroD op opp o ulii.it I
-anb `st?uoDse st?Aou sesse ulazt3] stenxas sa}uepuadap so opueno .oJ I I I
-n} ou slaA¥pnes st2t||oDsa sou[Jaze] I?led |t?iIA g st?ur `odura| o]Inur I ll^
-a| epod anb ossaJOJd urn g assE .opelJa I?At3}se o|lnbe anb uraqu?s s`\1in
anb ap |t?uTs urn ouroD o|e] o opue}uolIuoD `opIA op s?At?I}e e|-¥]!^n
lt7InDold ap zaA ure lop e JT}ues sourseur Ts a II]Tunad a Japue|ua `H.t|`l
uloD naDa}uoDp anb o t3It}d lt?"o uraAep slenxas sa]uepuadep so
•It?sued ules sol-padal sourapod a `soulaDsalJ 1 `n 11 I
o uroD o?Ipt?d o |eunou sou[elaptsuoD `salt?I|Iure} so}uaune|loduroLl w I
ult}Io} oA|snqu o¥nb t?iJodurl o?N .epuglu[ I?u sourapuelde aur]o.iui u
lt8e ap 12pugpua| e soula| sou sopoL .t}[uule] I?ns ep soJle oulsaul ilu
lpedaJ o¥u t3Ied Jel8!A as urt?spa]-d osnqu ap st?ulpIA sv .oJn]n] otl 11|
-[daJ es o]uaurt3iloduroD o anb lt?i!Aa I?Dsnq a I?souep eiuauleureJ]x`i !i I I
I?Duauedxe I? anb I?ileDe eung]IA t2 `osnqu oP oE5e]uoJ]uoD t3P S9At?J]V
•t?TTIurt?I t3ns ap so|qiii`i| `i
sop Joure o ounoD g oEu anb `snaa ap loure o Jt?ilaDt2 Ja"oDsa aA!b'n I, u I I
`st3t|TODsa seAou Jazt3} uepod `urgJod `t3Jo8v .uleJaATAeJqos sap :lllil.I. i| I
-nd anb Jou|aur o ult?JazH `osnqu op oiuaulour ou `anb lt?}taDe unt?ti!, i, I,il I
`Jepnur I?It?d .|t3ura|t?d Joure op st?peua[|e ula}uas as sazaA sB]!niil t]I I, I( I
'' '' 'J,,'/` , '\.'', '' ,
96
ap ult}ual|e as a urt?Dad anb seossed sv .sl3AT}nJ|sapo|ne a st?soulurt?Dad
las urapod anb sol-¥]Iodns eJt?d st?[8g]t?I]sa e lt?Aa| urapod a `saJopt?I
-snsst} `sosn]uoD `sa}Io} so}uaulT]uas t} znpuoD e[E .t3sua]uT epugIJadxa
I?uln g eT|Iurt?I I?p oJquleur Tod no a¥ur Clad `Ied o[ad opesnqu las
•emD e lazel] apod sale uro] It3p
i[ a sol-¥ssaldxa ap s[aA¥pnes sellaueur lt?puoDua a so]uaulpuas sassa
1339i|iloJaH .eATt?I uloD o?}Sa ouloD a st?i|u!zos urelI]uas as ouloD `st2pe}
-snsse ultIAt;}se ouloD `osolo|op [o] osnqu o ouroD Iapueiua T3 I?]pt7deD sp
oss| .sopIA snas ep sgAe]it? ossl uloD urelep[| ouroJ ure.[aA a naDa}uo3e
seH anb o urt?5ai|uoJal st?ossad se anb a}Tunad osnqu o lapua]uE
•|enxas OPIA op o¥5eladroel eu
sTe]IA sa|ueuoduroD o¥s a `Iopt?snap o lt?d|ro ap o¥u a `t3urI]IA e lt2Iro ap
oApa!qo o ulg] o¥5e}uoquoD a a t7ATeJ v .osnqu o alqos oSouTulIJ® opno
no a¥ur e `Ted o Je|uoJ]uoD ¥It2spaJd ulgqule] I?ulIiIA v .opt}Iro las a os
-nqu o Jepua]ue elt3d tzATt?I uroJ Jt?JH ap apt?plssaJau I? ula] t2ulpIA v
•Sapn]Iie stms lod
soJino so lt7d[ro eJt?d o]uaungpua]ua assa lt?sn ureAap oEu st?ur `sopeJro
ulalas ep urH e osnqu nas lapua}ue uraJanb o?5t?Iadroal ula sTtmxas
saiuepuadep so .Je8|n.f ure I?DTldurI Ied|nD -It?Im ura eJI|durI Japua|uE
•Iedlro ep o?u `Iapua]ua ap o][sgdold o uroD osnqu o soueAaDsaa
•a¥ur a Tt7d leluou ep o|uaurt?p
-ueur o I?|o[A a [aA¥pnes ? oEu lt?d|ro Tod led|ro `oiue|ua oN .sled snas
aAIsnput `st?ossed selino st?]Tnun lt}d|m urt?speld sopt?Jadroel o¥isa
o¥u anb slenxas saiuepuedap so enb g o}e] o .o|ueurt2}IoduroD nas lod
saJopt2snap snas ura no st?l|Iure] stms uno ed[ro e lt}8o.f oput?]ua] st?uade
oE|sao?uslt?nxessa]uepuedapsoasJe|un8Iadesurapodso¥isIJDso
•O]t?uTsst3sst? a
o}saDUT opuEnput `st?ura|qold ap opt38e| urn nox|ap t3qas~e|eq uroD IAt}a
ap |tmxes opeDad o .(FT.6o| |s) soppanbsa Jas uleIlaAep o¥u sa¥un st2p
:I:I:ds:3ps:;::::dssooaantf.:;uxag2:::;e:::s:e:moTues:::s=L":gFj=aoze]+
•eqno e t'It?d
og5t}Ia8t?unnapsopesst?do?sslt7dsopsopt3Dadso|unbo|ado|nDIaAurn
g `sag5t?Jag J:od apua]sa as osnqu ap ol]sel o st?I|Iule} st?|Tnun urE .st7pt?s
-nqu ult3Jo| uresnqu anb st}ossad st?|TnN .oSoplA g osnqu oP 0PP 0
•t?puglul t2u I?|a uloJ
naDa}uoDe anb op Jt?zT]uapsuoJ es e I?8aHD eossad t3uln oputmb le5aur
-oD apod 9s [tmxas op}A op emD v .opt?Im e{as a t7pua]ua se I?[a no ale
 66 86
(t66I 'ueiue8 :anbjoi e^oN) a^07 I.J//oj ],Woo 'sauJe) prJ!J}ed tT
•esscofl|aldues9DOA`opTn8esuoDJa]o¥ueJOAJodos3JdmsoDHo?N,,
:I?unlo] I?Iino ap st?pI}lulsueJ] Ias unapod sua8esuaur seulsaur sv
•,,OIaJ 9 9DOA .OJmq 9 9DOA .IaDst3u 9DOA o[i
-I?x[ap la} ap opuadalle SIN .I?peu Jas lt?A eDunu 9JOA .9DOA OIapo .ur!tl.I
g 9DOA,, :e]altp [equaA ure8t2suaun I?p I?pt?8eJleD t2[Jt?}IJ8 e g e!Aap sTeui
t3urlo] t7 zaA|t?I .e5uaDseu ap ,,¥ur,, g e|a anb Jaztp g I?ulJOI t3uln .seurJ` 1,I
st3II¥A ep soplpt?Au[ Jas urapod I?ossad I?urn ep sTeuopoura sa|lulI| b'( )
r|vN0|DOINEI Osnflv
osnqv :s eJn8|]
•Ie|lodns ap sTeulap |pI}Ip opues pisa
openbape
lop e anb II]uas as urgns|e uro® a|eI :a}ut2]Iodun| .It?spaJd as odune} urn
ieossad o.!S,U
Ien]!J!dsa 0Pep!n3 ap 9p a sled .oulsaur o8IsuoD osopuoq a(as `o]uod Opt?) ulE .ult?IaDaiuoDp
eu!ldps!p oidui3xa lues . o¥u enb sEsloD ap st?IJgulaun lt?TJD g ogu opt?ssed op st?pugTJedxe ula
epe}|e]. Epenbepe|enxes openbapeu! o§5!a]e ap Jl]aueJ ap o][sgdold o .sepugIladxa ,,opue|uaAu[,, p]sa ogu 9DOA anb
ia^?pnes oE5eiujo}u! o8!jqe no sednoj o§ssejdxe iuas. I?Pue|ua `t3pTA eTldgJd ens Jt?IeplsuoD a Ja| ov .osnqu |aAIssod a sale[|
'o§5E]uaiu!iv. opep!ng
apep!iEn}!j!dsa ?l| ogN.
iurt?I sepllal alqos JpaueJ ot3 i35Jo] a o?5a|old snaa t3 e5ed .I?Jro ap e|
ap oiapoul epEp!iLlpu! ap oiiu!zos no oi|u!JE. luas.
issaDau g3oA |enb ep t}soJo|op t}pugIJadxa lanb|enb Jt?]TeJe a Japua|ua
pl|ogN. o|dluaxepl|o§N. opex!ap]. uJa^nooEN.
e apn{e o anb o|ut2s o]IJIdsE oe I?Sad .o?5t?Jo ep o|ueurour urn I?led es
sop!8ji oEs se|!lu!| So -nedt?urnJazt?jeo|-pAHucouToJanb`o|n]Idt?Dopo]saJoJe|apsa|uv
oNoaNvav •osnqe ap odT] a|
-anbe ope|uaur[Iedxa t3t[ua] 9DOA sTtmb st?|ad st3IIaueur e seun|oD si3p
Opuaop
lenb|ent` ure leAalDsa a laded ap t3u|o] I?uln ula oJpt?nb oTldgld nag
Ep!^ ap oipsa ienxas
O]S3"'l .
lt25oqsa t>JIanb 9JOA zaA|p| `o[n||dt?J a]sap I?Jn}Ia| p a]ut?rna .STtm]IJ
ap soidiuax]. o§5eiujo]u!saa.
-!dsa no sit?nxas `st?DTSIl `slt?uotDoura st?I[aueur ap st?pt?uoput?qe Jag
oxes ejqos se^p ienxas joiunH . ie}ueur oJdmti I .
-e8au sue8esuaw. odJo® a sEJJns . Sa9J^Ll|l',I . urepod st?ossad se `t?unlo] eulsaur I?a .s[en][]Idsa no slenxes `seDIslj
so3ueii. sesuii,I() .
's|euopoure sel[eueun ep a]ueult?A[st2Aul I?pt?snqe las eIJapod t7ossad
o§5E.upsnro}nv . ejqos o§5e3o^ojd .
snaa eJqos ie]!ua8 eaip segjjndiu]. ozejdw(I. Bum ouloD el]suoulep oJpenb o .st?un[bJ oJ}t?nb se urt?urloj - |tmi
sEpej! no se^p!u ep og5Bj}aued SedeL. Sorl,l.l||.
illdsa a |enxas `eDISII `|euopoura - Cut?umu I?pugIladxa ep st2aJp
-nd sua8esuaw. no anboL. sooos. so'wlii .
()I}enb sv .I?pJanbsa I?p eun[oD t3urlm t?u sopt?+sE| o¥isa - ouoput?qe
I Eni!i!ds] I Enxas o3!sj] |euopoul] `1 o?seAUT -osnqe ap sodI] sTop so .o[n}Idt?® a|sau so]|JDsap osnqe ap
so}ios ogs se}!ur!| so Hod[| o|To sop ournsaJ urn t7]uasaJde (g pm8H) oxTt2qe oJpenb o
OYSV^Nl •no]a]t? so oss[ ouroD a urelalIos anb osnqt? o urt?p
+la]ua anb |eiIA g sopt?Ire urt?.fas oxes uno sopt?[DTA so anb PIT?d .|t?nxes
SvaltlJJ tip}A op o]uaulIA|oAuasap ou a]ueilodurI |edt}d urn e]uaseldaJ osnqu o
`ti,1b ult?[aAal solaunqu sassE [[.a]uaur|tmxas `o|uaJ Iod [8 a a]uaut?3TSH
t `()tllaD Jod Fz (e}ueurpeuopoune sopt?snqu urt?Je o}uaD Iod z6 anb nIJqoD
I-h'`ip sauJeD ]t?d `s|enxas sa]uapuadap ooo.I uloD eslnbsad I?uln urE
 101
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(06\t
e anb lesmb at3ur e as .Jas [t3A aTa anb ossl g `||eqaseq ap lope8o{ uln
t3!as o"H o anb lastnb lt2d o es .tp5ue[ID t3p sapt2ppt3deD sop a sessele}
-ut sop `sapeplssaDau sop `so]uaulpuas sop es-t2pln3sap `oiue]ue oN
•urgn8u[usTeururco`2`|[pJ`2durcoquenbso|ueulpuest![auroDetHprdurco
a?urenopedo`t7Aouo}munopuasoursaur`enbeodesolapodaiuaueunapxa
Jpuesasapode|E.sTedsopumuncosTepadsases[coJazt}]apot8?HAHdoeq
-aDal t25ueap I? anbrod `ppadsa o}qu o}uetueuopt?|ar urn laDaJed apod
z[.optzpA |t2uOpoula O}saDut ap Opt!ult2tp
g oss| .t7|so8 I?5ue[ID e `e]so8 ale anb o .a¥ur I?p no ted op lt?p[ro a lei|u
-eduroDp `I[Ano p apualdp e5ueTJJ v .olTauueduroD a a]uapquoJ `t?8a[oJ
`Tt?padsao8IureurnouroJt35ueTIDet?J.I?de}|oAas3a8n{ugDopopeJedas
lt?isa no ulT" o}uaurt?st?J urn Ja} apod `o[J¥}|[os `a¥un e no `lt3d o .oiuaur
-est2D oe aiue"eulas t35ue[ID e uroD o}uaurt?uopt3[al uln I?tlD a¥ul I? no
lt?d o opuenb alloDo oA[seAUT |t3uopoula osnqu ap od!] oJTeD15| urn
•soiueuntiues snas ap oiTadsel t3 se}sauou uelas ep apt3p|`roH!P
t3ulaJixa urer . ,,t2Ilt?Ipo aur `asseDaquoD aur a}uaurTt?al 9DOA as,, :urt3suad
st3|E .so|uaul|iuas snas ap le|t?I I?Jt3d st?pei|uo8JeAue o|tnur no sTt?ulati
opeur uroD `slt?ulap seppa|Joule o¥ise osnap ap St3ulT}IA Sv .OseD 0 9 o?tl
essE .a}uaulpeuopua}u| soiueurI}ues sues lapuoDse uraDaled osnap ap
seulpIA se `t?Io] ap t3ossad e eJt3d .IT]uas JIn8asuoD o?u lod st3ulsaur !s w
as-opueuapuoD `a}uaureia|duroD saTap lt2dt3Dsa no laJaiJoure ap st?ulJ(t`i
lpm.old I? a soiuaul|iuas snas lapuoJsa t} ult2nupuoJ `opt3}TnsaJ Ouro`L )
•seAou stpur uleJa opuenb soplurIldal urelol enb sa|enb? sale|[ur!H
soiuaulpuas lai urapod |t3}uaur oldTusa op St?url}|A se `apJt2} sTt?IN
•re8n|um8peulasopeHa}uaurcoaueurladsa[a`o]ut?}ueoN.soiuaulpu``H
sasseepe}taDeo¥unop[Iu[`eDeF`|aA¥suodsapr`elrpeng`¥unganbJesu`it1
t7 e5aunco I?urpIA t2 anb g opt?|Tnsal o .urgn8Te ap so|ueulpues sop apl'r! I
-eA p eiTcop oqu no aAno o?u urgn8pe opuenb aHODo peiueur ordruse o
•soiueulpuas urei|ue} seossad st3Jino st2 anb opue}IAa o]Io]ucosap `1*tJ. i
t3]IAa3sag5ouesepa]uetpzedeDu!no|aAppro}uoDsapaiuesas,,Te}uaur.Mii.
-t}Idmsa„ost3ur`st2soroureJasuepodsag5uequsv.JpuasapaJt}dt2o8H`ii1
e enb uroD Iazt3I oApe!qo ouroD ura+ a openbapeu! g o}ueurou o st3ul `it|` u
-loo g e|ueulTeunou ue8esuaun t?p oppa}uoD o ,,Tt3|ueur ord"se,, oN
•,,osot8[|alTt?|uauroldniH,`„
ap OSSI ouleuD .o|n| ap JtpDH ap apt?Ptun]Iodo e noqnoJ sou TeJaunLi I 1. ii i
ula lt?Joap o?u elt?d leztp sou `a]uaurt?Aou lalaA e anb t2!alD na t3it)iiu I,, I
•9AOA t2p o¥5t3Apes eu o?5D[AuoD t3ssou lt}e|lal t3It2d lt2IouD ap ur`iiu" I
I? sopo} e naDuaAuoJ Ioised o `9Ae e`lulur ap |eJaun] oN .t3ATRI ul{w Hi i
001.
zt
sosoTsut? `sa}sTJ] soullI}uas sou es t3pt3}ul pisa o?u o?5eA|t}s t3ssou anb
ap soppuaAuoD Ie]sa sourepod .,,ulIsst? JIiuas es apod o¥u olnpeur o¥|
-SIJD urn,, :sua8t?suaur st?ssa e segunassTu[ur ure|uaDsaJJe soE]s[ID so
. ,,ioi|npe ouloD as-ailoduroD,, `,,it35ueID Jas ap aJed,,
`,,ie5saD,, soulIAno odura} op Jpssed o uloD .,,ult?IouD o¥u souTueur no
sepueJ8 seuluaN,, :g soulaqaJal sou ap soi[nur anb sua8esLlaur st?IIeur
ild sop euln .eulJo} e|anbep IEiues as I?led sempi3ur o¥]sa o?u anb ap
st?ppuaAuoD oE|sa st?ossed se opuenb aDa|uoDe |t?uoPoula oJdn|Sa o
•so}u9uxpuas sasso uloD Jt}pH ouloD aqes I?[Hung I?u urgn8u!u anb
-JodsoElp|HosJpuasasurapodulgqure]sa|E.soso5unsardunaraDaredlqIAa
eJt?d soAp[sc)d sTeur so|ueulpues so gpe I[quldns e sope(I?roDue les uepod
`sopeul[ue no sosoHn8ro `sal8ap lt?Du p sopeiuai o¥s e[uung t2p soJqueur
soopueno.,,I?ura[qordessalaA|osareredosslaossIJazt?Iepod9DOAenbrod
ulIsse mum as I?spald OEN,, .seg5n|os st2um8|t2 st?pp]uesalde las ulapoc|
•ul!sse lpuas as t3sperd ogu eunyA e sTt3nb seTad sapzt7J ap optqupduroJP g
aiueul[eurlou a o|ueulpues o rezTquuqu g ,,|tquaur ordn]sa,, ap ode assap
eDTuglv.,,ul!sst2miusasespardoqu9DOA,,:gumurcoura8t2sueurtap[io
•,,elJellour ale `e]uas es 9DOA anb ulTsse g anb asseqnos ledt2d o as,,
no `,,opt?drooaJd pisa 9®oA opuenb opt?drooaJd ODH,, `,,t7A|t?I uroJ ?|sa
opuenb opaur ¥p Our 9DOA,, `,,a]sap eJOA JeA eo8t?ur aIN,, :I?ossad equo
]epn!e ap ul[} e so]uaulpuas snes JIulIrdns e sopeApucouT o¥s eT|Iue| t3p
sorqueurso.so|durexao¥s`,,es-anTueat?5aquDea|ueAar|,,`„ulIsst?Ipuas
as coTlmq a,, Jaztp eA|t3J uloD no ,,ulTSse e|tHs as o?u `IOAI3} roc|,, Iazla
•so}uaulpues snas lai ep oEss[urJad ula] oEu I?ossad e |t2nb ou osnap ap
odpassaelt?dt?peHdordeur9Jod`a|lo]o¥5TUHapeurng,,|e]ueunoJdruse,,
o . ,,sneul,, ogs so}uaulquas a soiueurt?sued snas anb ep I?ppuaAuoJ It2ise
g I?plpeAul a]uaul|euopoula Jas I?ossad I?urn ap elIaueur t?pun8es v
•T?ulHIA eu st?Ap"]sap a semopemp st?pIJa] ult?snt?J anbJod st3A[snap o¥s
se|E .t}uI|dps!p JeDI|de ep ureu I?ApnJisuoD I?Dpap t2urn Jezt?I ap oApafqo
o ulas `t?pt?nbept?ul t}ullol ap t3ssaldxa g enb opeHa ne8n| ou I?peDo|oD
pApel run ap opt3i|nsel o¥s sell .seA!§nap ogs sue8t}suaur sessa st3poi
•ozaJdsap ap oJTdsns urn no ZOA ep ulo] urn `ope]uode opap urn
'SoJqulo ap JeHODue urn `t?isa} ep JIzuel| urn `slt2d sossou ap lt?t||o o}IaD
uroD sopt?zTJeT|[ulel sourt?}sa SOU ap sun8|v .,,opt?|IOD urn g all fzt?dt?I
a|anbe opuelouleu ¥isa 9DOA anb Jod .I?Jp alduras o¥ulll nas 6SaJoureur
st?lou eJT] o¥u 9JOA anb lod,, :Inns ulaq g ue8esuaun e sazaA seJ}ro
• ,,9DOA ouroD urgn8[e uloD
il!I!es eDunu eta `I[t2s I?It}d e|-¥p|AuoD asno ulaN .Jt?sst?d I?Jt?d e|ue}seq o
`)tua8I|a|uI g ogu 93oA `Jt7|nqT]saA essau JaAaJDsu[ as ogu 9DOA Io"aur I
 €01
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-[]sa t75uei:ID t2IIdold a as ouroD sosouep o?1 Jas urapod soiTala so `Tt2d
o|ad t2pesnqu a|uault}DISH opuas a¥ur e gr e5ue!ID e as .st?urt]IA Ias ulep
-od urgqure} I?pug|o!A I? urt?qunure|sa} anb T3Iuult?I ep soJquraur so
•eDIs;I t25ueJn8as uns ap a|opuoD o urgi o?u anb uraiuas e opaur
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t3pt?xTep g I?5ueIJD I? opuenb lelJOJo 3pod ulgqurt?] oDISI] ouoPupqu o
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-ula urn .,,t2[[Fung t3ssou a quueuresee ossou `ounsou ts t2 I!ngsap 93oA IaA
o|uen8eo?N.9DOAenboia}oursauropoxpeqapJaAIAelt?nupuconoAoqu`o]
-ueurquodurcoassaurcolt3nngun)9DOAas,,Jasapodoss!`e8nfroDumt2red
•,,(Jazel apuapJd 9DOA anb op ezampeu t3iexa e eAaDsap) ...noA ne `a}uaul
-eAou oss[ Iezg; 9roA as,, .soppuqua}ap sapur!| sou la3©peqo xpt8asuco oqu
epnoe|aasTenxasaiuepuedapoenedsepugnbasucoseeAaDsapog`H
•,,ultur e |aH e+uaul|t}nxas t}!as 9DOA anb oJadsa nE .(|t3nxes o}uault?I
-I.oduroD o}IeD eAaDsep) ...Jaze} na I?Jt2d e5ad o¥N .oiTa! assap anbo| aur
o¥N .oxas Jazt?I eled t35ad Our oEu `JOAe] Iod,, :ouroD sest}I] J|npu[ apod
osst `a8n!ugD urn g 9DOA as .,,ulTur ap o}Jed se{ns st3Petd sTeur a|uoD o?u
`IOAt2| Iod„ :o|duraxa lod .93oA e o¥5t3pl ue, apnur |tmxas e}uepuad
-ap op o]uaurt?|IoduroD o anb Janb 9DOA ouroD I?8[p `eptn8as ulH
•,,no|a|e err o]ueurt?|IoduroD nas o ouroD eqlt?s 9DOA anb
oJanb 9s nE .opuaztp no}se na anb o J|Ano espald eDOA .Japua}ap as
ap epeplssaDau ?u o?u elo8e a 93oA It?8|n! opue}ua| no|sa o?N,, :Iaztp
aAap eDOA .eAtsue]ap I?u anbH a]uapuadap o anb t2It3d st2uade ¥ItAles
oss| .o]uaulour a}sau o?u `soueur o|ad `st?ossad seJ|no lod opTJIos ouep
o a|p o?N .,,(ouep op BzaJrut?u t} I?AalDsep)...noDnapt2ur eIN„ no ,,opt2i|u
-o8IeAua o}[nur noxlap err oss|„ `,,t3AIt?I e},Inur uroJ TanbH na a o|tnur
noo8t?ur eur ossT (o|ueurt?|JodunoD urn a|p) ...za} 9JOA oput?no,, .st?oS
-sad st3I}no alqos aAa} anb op 93oA a]qos aAe} |t3nxas a|uapuadap op
o}uaurt?iloduroD o anb opt?dut op o?5u[|slp t}5el a|uaurt3Sopt?pTnD
6St?ssap I?s|oD euln laze} @p zt2dt?D
[oI 9DOA ouroD,, :SoH9|t2sroe So[J?|uauloD a}|Aa urgqulei . ,,I?pt?JI|duro3
9iuaul|eer t2tuulel Burn ap opuTA Ia} aAap 9DOA,, e8IP o¥N .I?ura|qold o
lt?Dpsou8elp a+IAE .„osst aJqos opueTe} Ie]sa n3 Iod u[Iur ap eAtel uloD
Ie]sa aAap eDOA,, Ire .„opaur uroD a opt2sueD It3isa eAec| .9s oiTnul It]
-uas es aAap 9JOA,, :|enxas eiuapuedap o uloD oDppdure Jas eiuai
•epn!e noliuoDua a sa]e|tulIs st3ure|qold aAai anb (saurou lt?uo!a
-uaur uras) coaqulloD 9DOA anb urgns|e ap etJuetladxa e JeAalDsap epod
`soATs|nduroD e|ueul|tmxes so}ueurt3]IoduloD so ulo3 e}ueur|eossad le}
-Ht}uapI es epod o?u 9JOA es .,,(I?pn{e o¥5ua]qo ap ossaDo]d nas eAalLi
-sap) ...epn{e lal|uoDue a]ueur[eu|E .IeTpo aun ulasso] `opuazt?I I?At}}se n`i
anb o ulass[IqoDsap seossad se as `anb ap opaur uroD eAeisa a a|oliuo`i
ap I?Jol t3At?|sa nE .(OPIA nas op o}uaurt?iloduroD o pAaDsep) ..iA[oA`I``
aur ¥! nE .st3sloD st}ssa o¥s ouroJ Ias nE„ :o|duraxa lod .t2pn!e JeDsnti
ap I?tJugTJadxa a I?zenbeJ] I?tldgJd tins et||pJeduroD `oseD o loj as
'r,''\i,, ;,,1„',1,'1,,,1,,I ,,,,,, I ,,,,, I ,,,, Jl'''''.
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.(|enxas oiueure]]oduroD op so]t?I so a|p) ...ap opue|t?I no]sE .o|uaun
-e|lodurco nas uroJ opt?drooaJd no|sa st3ur `9DOA ap o}so8 nE,, :opuezTP
Jt35aurco apod 93oA .o|ueulpapuoD ule} 9DOA slenb sop so|ueurt2|JodunoD
so a|uaulos apJoqv .It}|roHJt?d esleAuco Bum ura I?ossad a a]ueunso{eloD
a]uo||uoD `o}uaure}t2p ap soslroa] So a]qos o¥5t}uno}qu oppqo a soApour
snas opt?JHHeA `og5e||t3Aeo|ne euln o]Iaj I?i|ue} 9DOA anb zaA puln
•t3D[]nedeJai t2pn(e e Jt?8t2d eJt2d I?5ala]o as gpe no `oJIat||asuo3 urn e Cos
-sad e ltIAa| I?It?d opt2It2dald e(a]sa `o¥5uaAla]ul ep e]It}d ouroD .sosst?d
ezoG ap sept?plunuloD a o}uaurt?|t?u ap sol}ueD `soJIaHasuoD ep auole|
-a| ep Soleulqu ap I?]sI| t2urn auopaps .I?I-9}qo ouroD a PAIuodslp I?pn.[P
a}slxa apuo I?Iqrosap `a}uapuadap o uroJ esJaAuoD I?urn JepTu| ap sa|uv
•t}pn(e lt?InDold e a|uepuadap o Je5Io} g o¥5ueAla|ul Burn ap oA[p o
•oiuaurt?8|n.I ura ogu a loult? ura apn|l]t? essa opur3ulo] t7|sa
9JOA anb ap as-J.I?In8asse 3 sag5eApour st?ns elqos lt?slaAuoD ulgqult?I
|IIP I .ulH 0 gle JT I?led una8eJOD a e3Jo} pp et|| a se}uoD It2iseld ap ap
-eplurulodo Burn a3ala]o atH oss| .eossad I?pno unoD oue|d nes au|pJed
-uloD `o¥5uaAJaiuT t3 unoJ J[n8assoJd I?Jt?d oppJt?daJd a]uas as 9JOA as
•Iaze] It?A anb opuaz|p ¥}sa anb o Jaze} BIT?d 3|uapH
-ns o ailoI Io] o¥u as op5uaAJa]ul ap ode assa a|ua} eDunN .sa|ap
o]ueurlrdurro o a so]t?urI][n ap o+uaurpapqt?ise o TnpuT |t?ossad
o¥5ueAla]ul v 6og5uaAIe|uT t2u ulH o g]e IT ap zt2deD ¥Jas 9DOA .ty
•so|ueurt?]IoduroD soursaur so
opT]euroD ulel|uI] st}ur `|enxas o|uaunp|JoduroD nas 3p esnt?D Iod
sa|ap I?AIel uroD ureAe]sa anb seossad ep St?!I9|Slu Jt?|uoD apod Sol
-uapuedap sop I?IloTeur v 6eal? I?ssau edurI[ ¥]sa tppugpsuoD uns .€
•ot|u[zos o[-p]uolIuoD I?It?d apep
iAT]a.[qo e no I?5Io| I? enssod o¥u 9DOA zaA[t2] `aiuapuadap op o¥5
-eAolde ep a]ueurt2peledsasap opuespaJd JeAI}sa as 6e]uapued
-ap o uroD t2pugpuedapoD ap oiuauleuo!Jt7|aJ urn ura P}Sa 9DOA .z
•o]ueurt?8|n! ura ogu `roure ure t?pt?zl|t?aJ Ias espald ep anb
.? og5ueAla}uT Ianb|tmb t2Jt?d |t?dpu[Id o!Jg]IJ) o .o¥5ueAJa|uT I?P
uraJt?dpT]]ed eJed st?ossad st?J}no e I?Sad `o¥5[und ep o}uaulpuas
iun uloD no opue8|n.I `opt38uez p|sa 9DOA es f o¥pTsueur a lourt2
`ip oiIIIdsa urn uroJ e]uapuadap o Jt?]uoJ}uoD ap zt7deD g 9DOA .I
:epTA t7Ildgld t3ns ap o5ut?|eq urn Jazt?I olTaurIld ospeld
I,1 `ouuTzos [enxas a]uapuadap urn Jt2}uo+}uoD ura opuesued ¥|sa 9JOA as
|vnppr?pap oQ5uaac|u|
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•o|-9ztp opuenb a ouloD `Iaztp anb o opuetes
-ua sa}uedp[}Jt?d so Jepn!e urgqult}i apod lopt3Japour o .t2pn!e tpssap
o?5ua|qo I?u aiuapuedap o JeI|!xne ue!asep anb st3ossad ap eia|duroD
e]sT| I?urn eDauro] a epn!e lt?Dsnq I?Itanb o?u a}uapuadep o ost3D o¥ItAalq
-os anb st?pugnbasuoD se sepo| ap o|ueulpai|uoD euroi `t2ossad Opt?D ap
sa]!ult| so aJqos sag5t?uno]qu atHOD `so}e] so aAno lopeJepoul o o¥TunaJ
esseN .oE5uaAla]ul I?p sa}ue odnl8 o aupaJ Iopt?Iepour urn `e|uou|eJeD
TvdriHD oSSEDOHd
•o¥5ueAIeiuE ep pedpu!Id oApa!qo op oplt?ps[p asso] no t2ATsua}ap t2u asseD
-H |tmxas aiuapuedap o anb uroD uepe} st2uade sag5t?al st3ssE .Teuopoule
a|oriuoDolapladurasurassedppredanbpRTpeIJase`t?ATelaJoPt3HdgJd
ensJodsoppeJiJasurapodTenxesa]uapuedepopoiueunproduroDopept2p
-HaAas ep o]ueulpa`|uco leuro] ap uemeqeDe anb eTprlel ep soJqueur so
`o|duraxalod.pelt?It2dpeuopoueept?pIApa{qoeaapt2plmpeureulailt?dpp
-It?delIenbanbeossadt!pt3Dast?HeAVJopeJepouro.atuapuedapopo|uaur
-t2}rodurco o uroD opt3dul[ ap odp um8pe unelal]os e ope] op o]ueurpapuo3
urelaAH anb seossad st2pno a t2brfet ap sorqueur `sope8aldura `so8tue `t3IT
-Iuelt?psoJqulauraA|oAueoulsHooJTeopt?D|ss¥po?5uaAIe}ulv.sa}uedp
-pr?d ap apt?pepeA t}[due t2um I[npul urapod od"8 ue seg5ueAIa}u[ sv
odnuD Oa SELNvdDILuvd
•epn!e a a|laDe |enxas a}uapuedap o anb ap epepti
-[quqold a leiuaurne a opour ap o¥5uaAIa]uT a Jt3J|sanblo g oAI|a{qo nag
•aiue]Iodurt a}ueurt?ulaJ}xa g Jopt3Japour op laded o .sosm3aH ep o?5ai'
t3u T€z eu[8pd I?u Sope}p o}uault2|t}I| ap st?unel8old sop urn uroD oit2}uot`
I?5e] Iopt?Iapour eled epugra]al Burn lt?J]uoDue ura apep|nDHTP JeAT| .1ti
•sag5uaAJa}u! ura urt?z||t3padsa es sleuolssuoJd sun8|v .odnl8 ura sa(~``\
-uaAla}uT ura t}puetJadxa uroD Io}sed no oJtau|asuoD urn las epod ai:, I
•IopeiI|pT?I no ]opt3Iapour urn ep urt?spaJd odnl8 ura sag5uaAJa]ut sv
odrLHD ELa uoavuHaoIN
•saJt?|n8uls saJt!||Tunt?I seJtul€utp st2urns|e a odnl8 ep sosseJOJd sop `n
-[|s78o| e `odnJ8 ep e|uedp!}It?d ap `odnl8 ap lopeJapour urn ap sTgdll( I
so Japua|ua Slut?]Iodurt g `o?5uaAJa|uT I?un ura lt?dp[}Jed ap sa]uv
•e|emei a eJdurm erduras ast3nb adlnba e `|t?uolssHold Jopi.Ht t!
urn ap aJqI|eD op t7!as sou ap umquau enb oulsaur `st?oss3d ap ad!11lin
t2urn souleAa| opuenb `anb I?un[}t2 e|e `o}ue]ua oN .Ia3uaA |aA|ssodur! `,`
|tiiixi)s ;)iu,`iiimiiliir) t) ()iiiulili().i|il(y.`
8FT
uepJof PtxpTIN o ouroD |t?uoISsHold lopt?8o.I uln I?J]uoD urn I? urn aianb
-spq lt38o.I ouloD t7Ia aiueul|enpIAIpr se}uapuedap sassa le]uo]}uoD enb
Jez[p 13At?ulrusoD `suol| pJt?XPRI .Jp `st?8e[oD sneur ap urn .odnl8 urn uloD
sopt2iuo||uoD uralas ap slodap sou tz ult3iprA eldur5s ast?nb saiuapt?d
sassE .saJoist?d a sopt28oApe `soDTpgur ourco sa|uapuedap sTt?uolssHOJd
ap o|ueult?]t3p ou opt?zTTepedse |t?][dsou urn ura leHt?qup ZaA e]IaD
•osouT-ado]ueurquodurcooo]s[AIa]urmLI!}eseossadsgpnostmp
opuenb slcollEp sTeur uleq urt?JH o]unul€uH o a og5e8au e sour `eossad I?urn
ap sagbesrot? st?p meAmbsa as a]uaul|pt?I ulapod .sol]no so reue8ue uno sos
-opITqt3u o]Tnur o?s sa|E .eue|qord urn ulgi sap anb ureAord anb slaA?gap
sepueppe:sopelsourcosope]uo]]ucolesun7spaldt3ura|qordurnle]urt38au
anb spenxas sa]uepuedep so .sepu9ppe sTeur laDala]o a o|ode mop aH I?red
st2ossadsenpnot7umauro]`qusulsnsarouroD.odnl8ueap5uaAIa]uTeura8
ixa TenpIAIpr og5ueAIe}uI ¥ unapuodsar o¥u anb s[enxas sa]uepuedap so
odmB un ap5uenue|u|
•t3|oquco o t3p anb apt7plsueiul t7p I?ulo]uls urn g |enxas a}uapuedep
ap o?5ea] v .I?sorapod e3ueop I?urn 9 |tmxes epuepuedap v .eossad ouco
eDOAuloDnoza}9DOAouroD`ze}9DOAenbouloD]aApt3peuula]o¥ut2AIsuaI
-ap aprrme tins no a]uapuedap op ?ATel e anb ap as-a]qular| .t2Io8e lezt2}
aAap anb o a o¥5daJap uns elqos I?}nadelai no loist3d nas uroD nesJaAuco
espald 93oA zaARI .oppssed ou unne[ode atH anb sapnbep t3pn.fp eliuoD
-uE .Iopeul[uesap ueq Jas apod `IeDa|uoDe ossl as .tIATeJ uroJ preDH no t2P
-n{e¥me]|coeo?u`9®oA¥prnoo¥ua]uapuedapo`sase|9dyst?ploldeN
•,,(It?pn.Ie e o|sodsTp p|se 9JOA sTt?nb st?|ad selIaut?ur
sea]p)...9ooAJepn.feeo]sodsTpnoisaneenbgIasnaanboopni.elado
snaa ouloD opua]ua o¥u na sezaA st}urn8|v .sourt?13dsa anb op st?DT]?ur
-I?Ip souaur a st?sopua|Is sTt?ur st?ITaut?ur ap t3ueqt?J] snac| `sezaA s? `anb
o!aD nE .I?IJanb 9DOA anb I?|sodsal e JaqeDor o¥u a lt?Io [pI]!p uraq opts
la] aAaG,, :ouroD ogle e8Ip `oss[p zeA urE .eslaAuoD e JeuTunei ap epld?I
STt}ul t2I[3ut?ul I? g essE .t3Alsua]ap eu anbH ulau I?]n®slp eDunN .o?IBI|
-aJ ap o|Tedsal e oAlsua}ap o]Inur las apod |enxas aiuapuadap urn
•op!puadelle lopt2Dad o|ad o¥5t?|IaDe I?ns a snaa ap Joure o
lue]|essaJ anb st?In|IIDSE sou g] I?ns aunHp a e|uapuedep o uroD e]JodurT
its a Cure anb |eossad snaG urn ura g] t2ns aunHv ,,.ppn{e e8!suoD 9DOA
`1nb eJt?d oJo a oJadsa nE .anuHuoD anb oJanb a o]uault}uope|al ossou
ll'Jc!JoleA .9JOA ep o]so8 nE,, .a|uapuadep o|ad louse nes aurJHt?eH
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It?HuoD e e}pt?deJ aur a eul[t3De aur oss| .a]uault}soloAla] It?Io sa]ue unas
o¥5t3n][s ap odp essau oA|oAua aur eDunN .o5ald o||t3 urn ulIur ap ura8
ixa t3puTe sE|a `sag5ueAJa|u[ St3|tnur 3P opt?dpT}Ied euua] ne I?IoqulE
•e]IeD esTOD a ze] anb ap sa|ap o¥5t?urlHuoD ep ¥Jt3Spald 9DOA
•eDualladxa t2 alqos lt?sleAuoJ BIT?d otode ap edtnba ens ep solqulaur
so uroD o]iuoDua urn anblt?ur 9.oA o?3ueAla}u! I?urn ap stodap enb ap
as-anbHPJaD .oJTaurTld e|nadt?Ja] no lo}st?d urn ap olodt3 a o?5t2iuatlo
lt?mDold lo"aur g `|enpIAtpuT o?5uaAle}ul I?urn uloD aDeuroJ 9DOA anb
oursa]^| .ossaDo]d assau oursaur 9DOA t3It?d I?pn!e anbsnq enb a]uaur
-aiuauleeA at||-oJrf3ns `o¥5ueAIaiuT ap adTnba Burn ep a|Jed zt!I 9DOA
es .stt2uopoula sapt?pI|tqt2IaulnA st3ssou se st2po} I?Ht?sap o¥3uaAIaiul
Burn ure J.I?dp[]Ied .|pI]tp I?]aJt?i I?urn urg| ul8Ala|ut anb seossad sv
•snaa ap louse op a o?pJad op aulou ura opn]
`t2[al8I t}u sagstAlp Jt?sneD ntn8esuoD ale `odura] oDnod ulE .snaa ep o¥p
-I;d o. a lourp o lt?DI|t?Jd o¥u ap od"8 o nosroe a osoTJnl noDH ulaulou
o .a|ua]stsuoD |tmxas apt?peIlqos Jt3J|suourap assapnd anb g]t? I?(al8I e
essexTap ale anb n!pad od"8 o `o]ueiua ori `zaA i2ssaa .o¥plad nTpad
a no].oap ulaulou o zaA t?urn slt2]^[ .a}ueultIAou ngAleiut odrus ounsaur
o .nopnun o?u `unglod `o|uaure]IoduroJ nas .snaa ap o¥plad o nlpad
a nolotp `opeuopoura o]Inur noDH uraulou o .e.[eJ8t t3p SaJetHnur uro3
sost3D soTlpA opp I?t|ut] anb `e!aJ8! t?p olquraur `ulaulou urn uloD o?5uaA
-Jaqu I?urn ulelTznpuo® Jo|st?d nas a I?{al8T I?urn ap salapI| ap odnl8
urn |enb t2u o¥Tunal Burn a]uaula|ueDal Iai|unulaisai .I?pn!e lt?InDOJd
ltz}tAa elt2d o¥3e8au ap sesoI8[pl st3ullo] tzsn aiuapuadap urn sazaA spur
-n8|v .eur[}IA ap |adt?d o ltulnsst? no a}ueure|e|duroD o|uaurt?|IoduroD
nas lt?8eu uepod sTtmxes sa}uapuedap so .I?ulelp o|tnur e sagsn|[ `o¥.1
-e8au `t?Aft?I JaAt?u apod .SIT?uoPoure e|uault3||t3 o¥S seg5ueAle|ut Sv
•sapep[ssaDau st2ns s? ult2pua] u
anb st?|nadt?Jet ep p|st| Burn Ja| urt?spald urgqure] sassE .o?5uaAla]u !
tzurn ap sTodap a sa}ut? eluulel t2p solquraur so e]t?d o}uault2peli lt?z!i
-[qprodslp I?led opt?It?daJd I?.[a|sE .eiuapuedap o uloD a e[uult?I e ur().`
It3pt| urt?sp3Id anb ap sa}uap Jeisa uraAap `e[uule] I?p solqureur oi7H
ot?u oe5ueAJe|qu eurn urt?[aut}|d enb sa[anbt? as .|enxes a]uepuadap o ()I
-u~enb~saiuaopo¥|13surapodt?t|Iurt?]t?psolquleursosazeAst3urn8|v
•o¥5e ap out?|d o alq{}ri
sopt?ulJo]ut las ulaAap `ulgJod .og5uaAJa}uT ou sa|uaseJd Jt?]se ula^`l| i
o¥u I?ura|qoJd o ulelt?ilaDe o¥u anb eTuult?I t7p soJquleur so .apn]!|l'
eurn lt?uro} e so}sods|p o¥isa a apt2plaA e urt2][aDe anb sa|anbe iiim
-|oAua odnJ8 ura sag3ueAla]uT se `osco essaN .sale eJt?d lopaDaJt3i."`i
|r)il`,,)s tiiu,iiiiiti(1,IrJ t> tii.LliimtlJ|.itl'``
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o}[nul ¥Ias epeplaA t7 IIlqoDsep a opueJa]uoDe ?]se enb o ulaqes ourp
-ul ou ?I `ulaq oilnur sol-Put?8ua opln8asuoD ei|uai a]uapuadap o anb
ourseur `o]ut?}ua oN .optmbept2ut Tenxas o|u3urt?|JoduroD op apt?pI|t?aJ
e Je}Ta3e t} t3ulIm e g (a8n.[ugD o a}uaur|t3padsa) el|Iule] p `esslp p.I na
ouloD .a+uapuadap oTJdgJd o o]utmb a}uaula}u3ulaeA o¥i aiuapuedep
op o]uaurt?|IoduroD o urt38au eluulel I?p solquraur so `a]ueul|euolst3Do
s"vlTI"vl svDIMyNla
•st2IDuanbesuoD
st3 Jal]os uras oiueurt?]IoduroD o J[iadaJ unapod a I?ule}sTs o aiuaur
~t?Aou urelt3|ndEut}ur enb o¥Je}[peDe `Ie|t?s as uralTn8asuoD s[enxas
sa]uapuadap so as .o?5uaAJa|uT eu sept?|nd!]se st?pugnbasuoD se t2DE}
-pld ula lt7Do|oD t2Ied lt?uI|dpstp as uraAap saiut3dp[|It?d so sopoi
•t?ura|qoJd o ureapDJad a sop[pnDes o?s sa}uapuedep sun8|e anb
o]uaurt3|JoduroD nas ap st?pugnbasuo® se opue|ueJ|ua a|uaulos F .It?Jt?d
unesIJald a slaA¥Ie|o]ul o¥s `ulalo] sTtmb sale urt?(as `sopTA|oAua sltmxas
SO]uaurt?|Joduro® so .e]Sauou SIt?ur e a Jeze] a t}soloult? s[eur T3sloD e
9 st?ur `opunur opo] t3Ipd osolo|op a|ueuresua|uI g eossad I?urn lt?|TAE
•Joi|ues op I?|aD t3u o|~¥IJt?q aAep I?[al8T a a ale uroD IezT|t2pos as a Jesn®al
as urt?spald so8Iurt7 so `a]uepuadep op lt?It?dos as t2It?d sosst?d so lt2ulo]
aAep a8n!ugD o .ale uloJ It?uopt?|al as ap lexTap ulaAap sopIA|oAue ult3I
-o} anb sa|anbe `sosst2d sassa sopo} e JT]s[saJ |t?nx3s a]uepuadep o as
•epn!t2 eDala}o a st2puenbasuoD
aDa|aqu|Sa `sa]lulT| so auHap `e|ueur|t?ossad sap alqos aAa] |enxas o]ueun
-e}JoduroD o anb opedur! o e|nJTiJp `st?pugpfAe coaulo] `oE5edrooaJd
a oL|uIJeD esseJdxa a|uedpult3d ept}D .soulaAalDsap ¥[ anb |tmpIAIpuI
o?5uaAJaiut t}p ossaDold oulsaur o an8es `oEiua `odn]8 ura o¥5ueAla]ut
v . ,,a]uaurt?punlold urednDoeld sou enb sapn]pe st7urn8|t3 elqos lt2slaA
-UOD sourt}spald st2ur `It?8[n! elt3d lnbt2 soule}se o¥N .9DOA uroD sopt?d
•nDoeld o]Tnur soult2]sa enblod a 9DOA sount?ult? anblod [nbp soure|sE,,
:oput?|e} It?3aunoD epod lopt?Iapour o .opt?I]doJde odura+ ou uralt?|t?I
elt7d seossad sp opueDOAuo® `o¥Iunal e I?pot e|ue[Jo Jopt?Iapour o
•og5uaAIaluT I?P 0qu
-[ureD o g assE .t3|a lod opueJedsa st?plural o¥isa st2ossad st3]]no apuo
lt?8n[unneIIt2ossedelazelt?Iedt?d|nDsapt?urn8|eas-¥c|.esaldmst3isal
t?uln ap og5ezlue8Io ep aiuala]!p o|lnur g ogu ossaJOJd o .¥It2Jadoo3
oEu a|ueur|aAeAOJd `ITA Jod p}sa anb o Jt?dpa|ue t3Jt?d e}uapHns odurei
JtlA[| a]uapuedap o as .esaldms ap oilal a]IAuoD urn g essa aJdues es
-l.no 6og5uaAle]uT ep odnl8 urn a atuepuedep urn lt?Aa| ouroD
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(ogs!^atl ap .N .eaip essau og5e!ie^e ap sa}sa} iuezei 'osse]ojd
op Sued oouo] 'a o}uaiue|ej} uez!i!q!uods!p se)!ujp se!ig^ 'i!seJa oN .sgi6u! IUD sope}uesaJde
ogs se}se} sass]) .opepuaiuo]ua Jas a^ap ivs o a se}!sqaM so!JE^ lua |a^juods!p glsa |SVS o 6t
ossaDns Je]qo a oDHDp g oApale o]uault!|ep o .oJ]no uno oHt3qep op apt?P
-[Apala e e|ale a}ueuoduroD urn uns or||eqt?P o .apepTJOHd |t}dpqud e 9
oATs[nduroD |enxas o]ueurt?}IoduroD o ladurolla]u! st?ur `o3auroD o apsep
|eApr urn8|e ura opepJoqu las I?speJd a}ueuoduroD I?peD .se}uauoduroD
oDup so sopo} ep soiuaula|a aA|oAua oApe}a oiuaue|t?J] ap oue|d uln
•t?i|uo8IaA I? It3mo a o]adsasap o ltmD `t?[se}ue] e ledurolla]
-uT `s|t3"tl so leduroJJa}u[ `oATs|nduroD o}ueurt?iJoduroD o ledurollaiuI
Input oss| .(6 I?In8H t2{aA) o¥5T?IadroeJ t} eJt?d sTt2|TA o?s |t3nxas OIDIA
ap opp ou opeast?q oiuault2]t3Ji op soDIs¥q sa]uauoduroD oDup `opt?ZIT
-I?al opts ei|uei |i2nxas OPIA op |t}urlo| co|isgu8eTp o anb zaA t}urn
•pAmupsaldng g Teuo[ssuord urn ap peu!} oEngdo e seur
`t3pugpsuco leuro] ap t3]Taueul t2oq t2um g aurrilo sa}sa] Iazi2} no SOJAH Ja|
•meDpsou8t7apoine es oe opepTro ei|ue] `iaura]u| t2u |aAprodslp e!a]sa saisai
sassap urn I?JoqurE 6[.o8uo| oquur g |vs o a o]mD ollnun g I.SVS 0 .(penxes
op;A ap ong]ueAu|) rfuo}ueAu| uoaplppv Ttmxes - Tvs o a (Ttmxes epuep
-uedap ap oE5t?FT?Ae ap eisai) isei 8upesos uoaplppv |tmxas - LSvS 0
o¥s sopeAordurco a soSpue sTeur soiuatHnJ]su! so .so]Ia] Ias urapod enb
soDTsgu8t2tp sa|sa} ule|spq .oiuauniep o ered optmbapt2 oslro. o alqos
oETuldotmso¥paso|uaulpuesaso|ueur]IoduroDsopoDH9]sFTumuraped
sa[H .oSsT pJt2d opt?ulap opts ula| so¥|sap soJTa"esuco ap e}uaDsan oJaul
-Puuln.|enxasoPIAoppuno]oDHsgu8t?tpumJazt7]ao|-¥FT3Aet3ssodanb
urgn8pe Jppucoue g osst3d or!auprd o `penxas t2pugpuedep e ered oiuault2]
-t3p ou leiaulqns as ue opt2ploDuco e`|uai a]uapuadap o enb zaA Burn
'O]uaulelt'J]
ep soleur sourt?]nDold opuenb .sourt2spald anb o aAaDsep o[ o"IdeD
I: :,a o .o}uaure}t?p assa JeJ|uoDue ? ossed ourTxgJd o `o}uaurt3|t}p JeDsnq
ura eploDuoD e}uepuadap o a ulaq leA o¥5ueAlaqu t?urn opur?no
•Ioure ura o¥5ueAle]ul a opepqu soule\ng] ap a ulauloq a|anb
ivnxas op?a op -ep oiladsal t2 soulepapuoD anb soit3] sop lt?Iqula| Our urassapnd anb
`snaur so8Iure `sleuolssHold sun8|e uloD oit?iuo] Iazt}] I?At}spaJd anb
o|ueuhv|DJ;1 op soapadsv e[qes na op" ap s[odaa .,,oqt2Tp op I?Iqo,, t2 Iezel elt3d TIC soult3A¥}sa
sou sopo| anb asslp sou all .oso|ladseJsap Jas I? a ZOA a leJa]Te e no5eur
-oD ungqurEL .o?pled op o|ladsal t2 Ie8eld e no5auro® a semiIIDSE st}p
Sou.all no]p `oJp?ult3Ip a opt7uopoula o+Inur noJH a|E .Io|st2d urn ap
o| oinHdvD o¥5ueA]a]u! t?uln ura !adp!|Ied `e]ueula|uaDeH .snaa ap o¥5e]ueIlo eu
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onipur Jod o]aDxa `oJ}no oe uln (a]ueur|enxas) ulasnDal as o?N,, :aAalD og5Eujaiui .
-Sa o|ned `g.4 SoT]uIJOD I urE .a8n{ugD nas uloD opJODt3 on]pur ura oit?I] so^!sua}u! seiuEj8ojd e |e!jo}einquje oiuau!pua}v .
-UOD assa unoD ura|aurolduroD as sopeseD sTenxas sa|uapuedap so E3!p9iu epnrv .
•sa}ut?|JodurT a]uaurt?Dt|oqunts o?s oiuaiueu|esuoov .
se}uo® ap og5e}sajd ap oue|d .
st3tp I?}ueAou so anb osst Tod a .,,Slut?|Jodurl s!eur apt2ptssaDau I?`|ulur epugupsqe ep o|ej}uoD .
a oz7" oxes o,, anb alqoDsap aitiapuadep o `ossTp zaA ulE .,,apt3ptssaDau s!enx3s so)ueuJEuoduo. so opuedLLioila|u|
lott2un tins g oxes o„ anb ep e|uapuedap op |eiuault?pun] otdpuIJd o
a}JaAal t3puequ|squ e `It28n| opun8as ulE ip¥] slt2un zeA I?pt3D e)H ep sEossad seu}no ap se!J9`s!u se J!^no .
-ugupsqu e `osstp s[odaa .|enxes apt7ptAI]e ep saloIlaiut3 s[eApr snas seossed
s!a^ppnes s!en}!j!dse a so3!S,u sejino ap oE5euJ.ue jaqa3atl .
ep opuapuadap `eTp oult|gs ounpgp o a o]Ienb oulpgp o aJ]ua o}ueur 's!euo!3ouje s!eni!j ia^io^uasea .
a|oj]uo3 ap eJap Jeisa J.p!lupv .
-our urn8|e ure o|t?J|uoJ assa uroD e|n| elTept!plaA e]ual}ua seossad st2p se]!iLJ!i JaJe|eqeis] . O?pJad J!Ped .
t3tJoteur V .oJaAas o?1 o¥u t2Joqula `el|t?[9oJ|e urn ap Sa}uaJa}tp o|tnul s!eni!j so}ueiueuoduro3 je3upuap| . snaa jej]u03u] .
o¥u o¥5eD|xo}u!sap ap st}uloiuls le}uaurIladxa urepod saiuapuadap so s!eni!I so opuaduioiia)ui oiedsasap o opueln3
•oJqaJgD nas ura nTnpsuoD e|uapuadap o anb eJturlnbomau epugla|
-oi ap |aAIu o a]IaAal |enxas apt?pIAT]e ap I?pe8uo|oJd t2}|t3I I? `oJ|aulTJd sapep!ssa3au se j!jdns ejed s!a^?pnes seuio3sa jaze] .
•[t?Tu3a|a}ut urn a oDt89|o[sH urn :SoA[|a!qo SToP ula] o|t2I}uoD assE .e8 e}uasaJdaj e|a op!ia} ne op
sapEp!ssa3eu anb a ez!|oqlu!s E!se}uE} e enb o J!Jdo3Sed .
-nfuoD nas aAtsnput eossad I?I]no lanb[t?nb uloD no (o¥5equn]st?ur ep E!se|uei ep so^pafqo sgJ} so lapuaajduoD .
sgAt?JIB) soulseur o8TsuoD a}uaul|enxas o¥JeiJoduroD as oEu sale anb
e!se)uE] e opuedLuoiia)ui
t!ullHt? anb apt?PI]St3D no I?Pugu[}squ ep o}t?J|uoD uln uroD Jt!pJOJuoD
uraAap sa|E .st?[p I?]uaAou §ou3ur oTad Iod sTtmxas so|uaurt3}JoduroD so olode
ap |E!3os apep!uniuo3 eiun e a eraJ8! elun e Ja3ua.ued .
sopo] Iedurolla]u[ |tmxas 3|uapuedap o elt2d a|ue|J.odur! a}uaul|t?1tA a
EiuneJiojeJnD .
vtou?apisqv ap oxpliuoD s!eni!j!dse seu!idps!p Je3peJd .
sope3ad jessa}uo. .
•og5t?ule}u! a oA[suaiuT a |t3IJoit?|nqurt3 o|ueule]t?J] eiiuo8Ia^ e opueln.
ap seurt?I8oJd `t?D[pgur epn[t? `o|uault2HasuoDt? `t2Pugupsqu ap o|el]uo] •znpold anb epepaIlqos a I?Ire I?|ad I?ued e a|eA o5Io]sa o opo] :o]uaurt?{
urn ulanput sTt?nxes soiuaure]JoduroD snes uraladurolla]ut I? sa]uep
-I?IODue ap osln3stp urn 9 o¥u oss| .,,urn8|e lt?8n[ e I?Aa| o¥u ourla] o[eur
-uadap so ]t3pn!e t2It?d s[aA;uods|p sosln3al so a soiuaurnl}sul so
•t7Iro ap t3pt2ulo( t2u leDlt!qule uressod enb s`ii o,, anb ulgqure] a ,,sount?Jedroel sou BIT?d st?pugnbasuoD st3ulp|p s¥ JI
a so|sodsTp le|sa„ SoulaAap anb zTp vv oP o¥5fpt7p v .apt2pa[Iqos t2p
-ue soAIs|nduroD so}ueurt?}IoduroD snas e o?zeA ]t3p ep lt?It7d urespaJtl
apepHTqt3]sa a t3pugueuned e a o]ueurt?}t?p ou opI]saAu[ o5Io]sa o aliua
sTenxes seiuapuedap so `sope]eJ} ulaJas ap salve laqaq ap lt7It3d ult?s!,t e}al!p o¥5e|elloD Burn oplqcolad soulai st2]nede]a} sol|no so||nur a na
-aJd seJ|t3|9oDlt2 So ouroD ulTssv .optA[oAue as ure`|uai sa}uapuadep t`t I soue sop lt?sst?d o uloD .euad p a|eA seur `g a Jopeurprt3sep a Jope]sns
s[enb so uroD o]uaurt?iloduroD oJino Janb[enb ouroD ulaq `t?Ht?J8ouJ()tl -se oilnur laDaJt7d apod .ourt}qep o|lnur a8Txe eJro ap ossaDold o
ap osn a o¥5equn|st3ur `t?Tse}ueI :salt?|uaure|e so]uaure|loduroD sgr] tJu •se|ueuodunoD o3up so sopo| ura oiDedqu urt?sneD
Input oss| .|t3nxas o|uaunt?|JoduroD o JaduroJle|uT g ossed oJ[aurIJd ( } `eullo} eurn8|e ap `anb |euoID[pe o]uaurt?]t2Ii op sopadse so aAalDsep
rlvnxEIS OLNHMVLuod"OD 0 0aNEdMOuuEILN I BPunsas v .o|ueule|eH op sa|uauoduroD o.up so apt2p[IOTJd ap ulaplo
ura aAaJJsep eJIaurTJd v .se|Jt}d senp uns oplpIA[p g o|n]}deD a|sE
•e`luo8]aA e a oladsasap o znpaJ `o|duraxa Jod `apt?paHqos e Jt7puoDUE
o|ueuhD|Dj;1 op sa|ueuodunoo oouP SO 't)pp op sa]uauoduroD so sopo] ura sopt?]|ns3I aAourold I?alp I?urn ura
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t3pt2ulo! I?u ura8e|ut?A ep our urn a sesaur sTes ep o5ut?Ae urn ura|turlad
e|uaunTt?Jag st?upHo st?SSH .I?mD e t2It3d oDI}?Id I?Tn8 urn ulaqaJ3J a i?TD
-ug]ut I?JtaurIJd I?p septJaj se urt?slnbsed ulgqule} s8|E .o|uault}uopt}|
-al ep seura|qoJd no st?pugpuadapoD `sopIA snas ap ezalnit3u e Jt}Io|d
-xe urapod steseD e s38n!ugD snas `sa|uapuedap so .souanbad sodnJ8
ura seDualladxa a oulsue uraDalalo st?upHo sessE .sit?st?J BIT?d a se8n{
-ugD snas `stT?nxas seiuapuadap ep oiuaurt3}el} o t7Ied soptA|oAuasap
opts ungi st3|p oDup ap seurel8old sot]pA `soue zap soulIm SON
•st3[|;ure] se a sa8n!ugD so urgqult2} uraA|oAue st?ureJ8old So}TnM
•o¥5t?Dnpa a odnl8 ula o[ode `t?[dt?Ia} eDala]o eAIsueiuT I?Idelei ura no
|e[Ioie|nqure a]ueped o I?Ted o|uault?|eJ} o .eDIu}p I?P Se5ueLFTztA seu
|a|ou urn ura as-J13padsou no esco ura lt?DH apod a|uapuadap o .I?ueuras
lod st2Tp oDup p sgli ap `t?lp Tod oiuaureit3I] ap st?Iou oJ]t2nb no sgr} uraD
-ale]o st?urt?J8old sassE .ouls!|ooDTe ep o}ueure}t?Ii ap sot? a|ue"aulas
`oA[suetu[eurt?J8oldurnno|t!tJo|e|nqureo]uaurt?}t?I|ogossedourlxgJd
o `slenxas so]uaurt?]IoduroD sop o¥5d"Ia|u[ e I?led sa]uapuns ulaJo]
o¥u I?DTpgun o¥5et[t?At? e a o|ueult}u|asuoDe o `olode ap sagTuneJ Se as
soapsu@iu+ svunigoJd a sxptJoxpinqurv saiu@pvd
•t?Zaln|eu essap eDIUIP t?urn lt3I]uoDua o[I¥ssaDau
]as apod `staD}]Ip sit?ur sost}D sun8[t? ulE .sag5e[[t?Ae st?ns ura ura8eur!
I.od oDI]sgu8t?tp o t3sn soDTngp sel}e[nblsd ap eiueDsaD oJaunqu uln
•SolJTA uloD ou|equJ| ou a]ua}aduroD i?I|t3Tnb[sd urn le||nsuoD IOHaur `?
aiuaur[t?138 `o¥5eT|eAt2 ap odI| esse lt}zt[t?al ap sezt?deD ure[as soDtuli.1
sun8|e I?IoqulE .e}e|duroD I?JTpgur o¥5t}T[t?Ae eurn lod urassed sTt3nx`i*
sa]uapuadap so anb a}ut?iJodurT g `o?5ua}e ap souro]sueli a apt?palsui?
`oEssaJdap e ouloD `|t3}ueur appt?s ap st?ura|qoJd sol}no ep I?5uasald ep
apt?pI[[quqoJd ¥ oplAac| .sa|ue}JodurT o|[nur o?s st3Dtpgur Sag5t?t|t3Ae s v
ooap,aunon}mv
•o|uaule}el| op sit?ptu[ sTeAIu sou lt?pn!t? ap sazt?deD o¥s so8!`ii
solta"asuoD so `sost?D sun8[e ulE .o|uaurt?uasuoDt? ap [euotssHold o|;,\
-ez[ue8Io I?uln lod sopt?DHPJaD no opt?isE nas Jod sopepueDT| o?s s(l|`
-fun sope|sE sou sopeDHI|t?nb sit?ur solTeu[asuoD so .opt3I]saul sol]iiu
a opelo|nop ulg| soJIatITasuoD sun8Tv .opt2Jo}nop 9}e no I?[8o|oa| lu` i
opt?J|saur ap I?uro|d!p la| urapod saJoisT?d so .o?u `soJ}no a eel¥ I?s" I
o]uauleu[al} urgi salo}sed sun8|v .solIau|esuoD ap slaAIu SOIJPA ¥r I
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ulgqure} g |t3|uaurt?tloduroD a |t2uotJoura `|tm|Eltdse `oDT|qlq o]ueuleu|
-asuoDe ou opeslaA uraq I?(as anb olIau[asuoD urn .|enxas OPIA op
odurt?D o e5at|uoD eiuaul|t?al anb o¥is|ID olTauiasuoD urn lpl|uoDua as
ap apt?p|ssaJau t3u e|uaureulJH o[eJD .|t?uolssuoJd urn ap o¥5t2|uaTlo
I? e opep|nD o ura8Ixe [enxas OPIA oe sepeposse st?pun]oJd sTt3ur
STen|tltdsa e SIT?uopoula sag|seinb sv .o|uault?u[asuoDe ep e}lssaDeu
urgqule| e|Jed JOTt?un t3 `o|ut?|ua oN .otodt? ap sodnl8 oput?]uanbelI
a]uaursa|dur|s apepallqos e une8upe s!Enxes saiuapuadap suh8|v
oiuaunayi@suoov
•o]ueulest?D op apt?pTur|]u! t2 I?sseJdxa `soAT]t?8au so|ueur
i]uas sop I?8ng Burn no apt?pTunI]u[ e lt?|tAe ep eJTaueur run las ap zaA
uns `opuenb o}|uoq e opeTJdoJde g a8n{ugD o unoD oxas o anb urapualdt3
sopest2J sit?nxas saiuapuadap so .auro| urgi sodloD snas opuenb le]uaur
TIT? as a lapualde urapod sour `alduras PIT?d lauroJ ap Jt?led urapod oEu
sale|ueulI|t3 sa}uapuadap so .Ie|ueulI|t2 OPIA op ¥ a}ueHaulas sleur a
|t?nxes OPIA op o¥5t?IadnDaJ v .oxas op ulg|squ as oEu a|ueur|eJa8 SIt?
-nxas seiuapuedap so spur `st3pIA st?ns ap oisal o|ad |ooJ|¥ op as-Ie}sap
urapod st21|t?[9oDlt? so .oulsl|ooD|e op Jt?JadnDaJ as anb I?sloD i?ursaur
I? g o?u |t?nxas OPIA op as-It?JadnDaJ `oiTadsal assa v .opt?st?D Io] |tmx
-as 8]uapuadap o as elduras eled ltmupuoD apod o?u t2pueut]Squ v
•a]uapuadap op apt?pa[Iqos I?p a}ueulullaiap
Jo]t2I uln g slt?uno.I oxas op I?pugnball e anb ap a]uap Je]sa aAap a8n.I
-ugD uln .o]eJ]uo3 op o]lsgdoJd a ezaJn]eu ep o]Iadsal e sopEpua]ua-
-|eur lt3}|Ae BIT?d olIe"asuoD no loist3d urn ap t35uesald T3u I?pugul|sap
ap o}t?J|uoD o Jepo8eu Io"aur 9 sezeA seunns[v .oxas uras JaAIA apod
anb ap o¥snpuoD ? an8alp aiuapuadap o enb urt?dl:Doeld as enblod
o}tpl|uoD op ula|uassaJ es seJ]no .oIlqgs JaDaueurJad e ¥It7(t}IODuesap
o `e|uapuadap o uroD |tmxas oiuault3uope|el urn opua]ueur ulalaAIisa
o¥u as `anb uleiTpalDe anbJod opaur ulg| sun8|v .sour sop sgAt?J|t? a}
-uaurt?nul]uoD I?AT}t?plut e opt}urqu ule] e|uapuedep o anblod epuguI|
-sqt? ap oit?]}uoD o a}ueunt?APTsod ulau|oDe a|uaur[t3Ja8 Sa8n(ugD So
•soiun{ I?{el8I t3urn le|uanbal] no sag5t?|fpaur ap
olAIl urn ap em]|a| e `t?l|qlq I?p opn|sa o ouroD It?DHt3Id t3"oDsa Test?D urn
`1nb s[en|tlIdse seuHdps|p sel]no JaAt?u apod o¥5eJo ep ulg|V .So|un(
iipun]old sleur |t2n]IIIdsa I?PIA euln leA|oAuasap urespald sTt3st?D so anb
J`1zlp o|ned ap I?JTeueur t? g o?5t?Io I? Japua]ap anb olaJD .oE5elo I?Ted e]
-uaurt?!Jt?Jodurai apep[|tmxas a JTn|!|sqns t3 qu]suT sou o[npc| ap ou[sua
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-uapuadap eiuaul[t3nxas saloised so anb stt2n][I sop a]It2d les apod oppi
`sol]no sop ult3plnD a urt?uresuoDt2 `urt?8aJd `urt}uTsua ouroD elTaueur v
•se|a elt?d seossad se ulaeJ}e ure}uasaldar sale anb apepT|t}n}!J[dsa e a
apt!ptlo}ne e `Iapod o st2ur `osstp sa]uepsuoD Je|sa o¥u urepod saTE |e
-n]II op aiJed Jas epod opt2Io}st}d op laded o opoi `saJo}st?d so t3Ied
-uepT t}u sopt3aseq sourseur ls elt3d la3a[aqt2}se saitur[[ enb lt?I|t2Ae anb
ulg} sttmxas sa|uapuadap so .soTAqg eiuaureAt]t?[al o¥s so|durexa stop
sassH .sopI|Turlad la§ uraAap o¥u so5ounTt3 sassa `|t?pua|od ure olIe3
-Itzd urn uroD so5our|e ap aIJgs I?uln ura a|stsuoD a}uapuadap oP |tm|TJ
o as .o}ueult?Jo]tuour ap o5TAles urn a oJ|Tu urn le|eisu! no e}uault?I
-a|duroJ ]auJa]u| e Jt?8t|sap lt3DHTu8[s apod t2ItalJeq Burn laDa|aqt2]s`i
`It2qm]st2ur as o¥iua 9 }3ula]u| t2u t3ut?J8ouJod JaA aA|oAue Ten|tJ 0 as
`o|dunaxe Tod .ure5aiuoDe sale anb Je}tAe I?led sa|Tunt[ Ja3apqt2ise es
-peJd a[a `slen}tJ snas opeDH!|uapt I?uua} aiuapuadap o anb zaA Burn
s@iqun opu@oaiaapisE
•seossad st?ssa uroD aiuaur|enxas II8t2 t2 eiueul|etl I
-uaAe `opue8aip `soue g|e no `sasaur `st?ut?uras ep sgAtapt2 apt?ztule t?urn
opueDapqe}sa `|t?pua}od ure solIaDlt3d oput?inDaJ `so8uo[ sleur slt2nt I.I
lod uresst2d solino .ue8t?sst2ur ep t2spD t3urn eJt2d uen8assold e oJT]¥ui
-oine I?xTt3D ou oJ|auu[p ure8ad `soJJt?D snas ura ureJ|ua sa|E .|aura]u| in I
Al ep opuIA o|nurpsa urn ap oHpt?g o sgde lentil ouanbad urn uran8`itl
sttmxassaiuapuadapsun8|v.I?zaln}euJodsoTJ?TpesaAalqe|ueureD!d!|
o¥st?HeJ8ourodao?5i2qln|seurapsTt?n]RI.slaJI}tpsteuro?sso8uo|s[t?iu
so ¥f .sopTpuaaJduroD a sopeDHpuapt las ap staD¥} s|eur o?s so}mD sTt3tu
stt2rutl so .o¥5t?mp I?ns uno so8uo| no soimJ Ies urapod s|enttl so
•o}ueureiloduroJ op o?zeA e apa3aJd |t}n]TI o :ours`iu I
o g o[dpu[Id o seur `Jt3|n8u!s g a]uapuadap t3pt}D ap Tt?n|tJ o .seoss`itl
st?J|no ap sTt}n]II sop e o}ueurt?}IoduroD op o+Tedsel e opuIAno soursiiu I
ls elqos urapualdt2 a]ueur|eJa8 sa}uepuadap so .sit?n|TJ snas JeDHI|u`1| i|
a lapua}ua e sol-?pn!e I?It2d sopt?it?ullo] o¥s sa]uapuadap eJt?d st?ut+l!ji I
a oiueurepep ap seureJ8old `olode ap sodnJ8 sop t2tloteur v .s[enxas t]i ti
-ueune}IodunoD snas apeDaJd [tpnitJ urn anb ep e[apt louaur a ulazej t`iH I
a}ueur|ela8sltmxassaiuapuadepso`o¥5t2IadroaJapselpsoJIaur[Jdt`'(iN
sxpniqu s oiuauniiodunoD roorf eiu.] I I I
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~n]|I ou laA|oAua as uralptunad as sale es .sTt?nxes se]uapuadep so I?led
SIT?A 0ulseur 0 .|t3ruTI o 9 Jt?q oe 1| .t2p|qaq euln o¥It?ulo] a|uaur|aAt3Aold
`It2q urn le}uanbal| unalTi[unad as sept}|9o3|t? so as .oA[|Ipe |t?nxes ap
-uaureiloduroJ nes I? o¥zeA Iep t2 [enxas aiuapuedap o ureAa| anb sag5t?
•STt?n|tl snas ep o¥3eDH!] a so|ueurt?sued so sopot o¥s sit?ruII so .[enxas o]uaure|JoduroD op o¥5
-dnure]ut a t3Ied eAetp-apn+!]e euln g s[t3n]TI ap t3DT]gJd e Jadurolla|u|
SlvnLlu Soa ov dnuuEILN|
•soulseur ls t3 Ielo}[uour I? Jepualde urespaJd sa]uapuedap
so `o¥5t?ura}uT ap sost}3 ula oursaur `t2urt?J8oJd op |eng oN .oESTAJadns
a oTode ap slaAIu salolt?ur a |enxas eiuepuadep op a]ualqule o alqos os
-uaiul s[t?ur zaA epeD e[ol]uoD urn urt?}uasaJdal - oE5eura]uT t3 g|e epugu
-Psqu ap ott21|uoD o apsap - o]uaurt2it2p ap s!aA}u sassep urn t2pt3D
•os|oq o!JdgJd op Jt?8ed
oglt?spald o¥5t?uraiul I?urn ura{asap no ula]TssaDau a|uaur|eal anb st?os
-sad sv .st?Tp sun8[e st?uede Jod eppt3s ap out?|d op eln]IeqoD p laiqo
elt?d I?IaAas o¥ssaJdap uroJ epeDIisou8elp I.es I?spald aiuan|t?I.a8 Cos
-sad I?uln .appt2s ep soJn8es sop aiJed I:od eJli]JaqoJ ep o]uaulIt?JiaJ op
opIAap slaAIuodsTp souaur zaA ppt?J opeulo] as ung] sopTun sope]sE Sou
st3unt218old sassa `soue zap sourH|p SON .soAI]Iq[ord unt?urqu as sazaA
se]lnur `ossI Jod `a o|[e o]snD urn ulg| o?5eurang ap st2urt?J8oJd so
•,,eT[|ule| t2p But?ulas,, ep epeult2ap g a o|uault}]eJ| op |t3]o}
out?|d op a]]t?d zt?I Put?uras essE .a]uepuadap op a|IAuoD o una]Ta3e anb
I?![}ult?I I?p soJqulaur ep e}TslA e JPTunad as-apod seueulas st3ssap I?uln
urE .st?ueunas oDup I? st?np ap og5t?mp uno ult2TJt?A st3unt?J8oJd sassE
• o}uauleu|asuoJe uraJar
-e]o st}I]eTnblsd a soJIa"asuoD `saiuaiaduroD st?|nadt?Ia]. .I?tp lod st?Iou
7z una8t2urJalua uraDaJalo a soD[pgur lod sopeuo!s[AJadns e]uan|ela8
o?s o¥5t?ura|ul ep st2urt?J8oJd so .[t?puassa g o|d"Ja]uluT opt3plro o `t25
-uemses eTldgld ens elt?I .st3pptns so]uauresu3d no tz]aAas o¥ssaldap
+od uressed enb sit?nxas sa}uapuedap eJT?d s[e}lA oEs salt?|t?]|dsou seur
-uJ8old so .|t?J8a]ul odura| ura eDaut?urJed a|uapuedap o apuo |t2puep
-!SaJ Jt?|t}|[dsou apt?PTun I?uln ura aHo3o o}uault?]t?p o .I?IJ?ssaJau zt?I
`ls` oA!ssal8e s[t?ur o|uault3|el] urn uroD o¥5t?ura|uT t3 `soseD Sun8|t? ulE
og5vunalu|
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•o]uauequoduroD ou ura|adur! o anb se[se|ut?I se Jeungxa aAap eiuap
-uedapun`ep|n8asurE.sapnxass|t?ruHsopaso|ueue|lodurcosopo?5dnl
-Iaiulpgapepapqost2po}uaulpa|aqt2}saoeJedapeproHdTedpqudv
t7Ied I?speld a}uepuadap o anb ap slaA¥pnes sapt3ptunuroD ult3uJoi as
sa|E .It3uotJun] t3IJaAap t}!al8t Burn ouloD aiuaur|t2Ia8 ult3uopun| o[ode
ap sodnl8 so `t?puglladxe euuTur uroD opJODe ac[ .i2quo8IaA I? IaDueA
I?It?d I?tl?ssaDau I?uHdpslp e uraJ[Ilnbpe e o¥pTsueur uroD sol-¥pn!e
Bled sotl?ssaDau o¥Ias salo]uaur a salopt?iua[Jo `o¥5t?IadnDal ep soue
soJTaunJd SON .snaci uroD otuauleuopt?|eJ uln ep sou8tpng as-JT]ues
urapod saiuapuadap so .ei|uo8JaA ep t3sni2D Iod [pIItp las apod sou
-Hdpstp st2ssa JeD|}t?Jd .sit?n}tJIdsa soJI|aJ so a |erutlTdsa og5aJTp e
`t?(al8T ¥ I?pugnbaJ} a `o?5T?|tpaur e `oDI|qlq opn}se o `o¥5t?I.o e unt?qo|8
-ua slen]TITdsa seng[dpstp sv .o¥5eladnDa] ep ossaDOJd nas ure slt3ni
-II[dsa st3uHdpslp ureJodJODut s[t3nxas sa]uapuadep so anb |e}tA I
•odloD oTJdgld nes ap I?pTro a t3]TadsaJ ol[aDJt2d
t}pt3D anb uroD t7ullo] t2p apuedep o}uaureseD ou |eAppnes Tt3nxes o}uaul
-euope|al urn .aJ.nDTueur ? It no aiuaunt2|n8al as-Jt?}plaxa `t?Iteilueq ep
ouur?q urn lt?uro] `t?ueD I?ns I?It?d soquoq slg5ua| IelduroD ouroD se|durts
sesTOD ura asuad .sourseur oDsouoD oAptsod ODISH oiuauleuopt?pl urn
eledlnqIJ|uoDt?At|Tsodt3J[eueurapa]uaureDtsusourltl}nusoueJt?dsour
-lazy anb o opn| .so|Tapu suoq sassap sun8|p uraltnbpe opuenb a}uaur
-|t2n]lltdsa a aiuaul|t?uopoure lot||aur uleiuas as sale ouroD aiueuo[ssald
-ult a .Jt2unng ap Jt2Jt2d no a]uaurlt3|n8aJ sopplexa lazt?I `aiuapHns o
JIulJop `sTaA¥pnes so]uaulI|e lauloJ `o[duexe lod `e JapueJde urt3speJd
sa|H .souii2 Jod soursaur Ts ap as-It?pTnDsep urapod s[tmxas se}uapuadap
so .Tt}uopoula e enb op Japua}ua ap |p¥] s|eur ? eD[sH t3u[|dpsTp v
•,,euuo8IaA ap sue8es
-uaun urt?sst3d a}uaulos anb (I?[|Iunel I?p solqulaur ure!as anb ourseur)
st3ossad se lt?}lAa ossod nE .uraA|]uaDut Our anb sesolourtz st}ossacl
uroD Ieisa ospald nE,, :soursaur ls e lazTp urt2spaJd sa|E .sopt?uuo#
-JaAua uleiuts as anb uloD ulezel anb sa|anbe :sept2ilAa las ulaAa[i
anb st?ossed ap t}]sI| epun8as t3urn e `soulsaur [s ap o|tadseJ e urtlt|
uralIiuas as t3 urt3pn!e so anb st?ossad ep I?]sT| I?urn lazt?I ulaAaa .ulaui
-IHe so anb seossad I? es-Jt?posse uraAap sTt3nxas sa}uapuadap so
•oA|s|nduroD o]uaurt?iloduroD oe o¥zt3A It?p e t7^`ti
ossl a `,,st2p[pua]t3 sapt}p!ssaDau Seuquur Jet o5aJaur nH,, ouloD Sten]!,I
soiuaurt}sued sos urt?Aa| o]uaulpuassal a I?I| .I?o8¥ur ap so]uaur[}ues Ht i
lt?|TAe e ?Jepn!t3 o¥pJad o J!|uas .o?pJad ap o|[IIdse o II}uas e le5@ui{t,`
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apod odurai op Jesst3d o unoD a t3!epT I?ssa uroD opJOJe ap e8e e|H .ossI
Iazel ap apt2]uoA e]uls o¥u enb oursaur nlJe| o anb urgn8|e leopl3d lip
-pap apod a|uapuedap urn `o|dunaxa loc| .a}uaul|t?In]eu s[eur uren seo5t?
no so|uaunt2suad so `ulTsse opuI8e odura| urn8|e ap slodea .apt3]uoA
soula] o?u opuenb oulsaur `sleA?pnes seulJo] ep IT8p no lt?sued appap
uranb sou soulos anb eDH|u8Is ossI `sgu sopo} I?led ouloD `sa}uapuadap
so I?led .,,JIn8asuoD g|e a|uasardaH,, g vv op sue8o|s sou|aA sop uln
•t?JT}¥Id I?p I?uT|dps[p t2p slodep Jt?]TpaJJe e urt?5auroJ sa|E .sag5t?urlHe
st2ssau le|lpeDe o?u unapod `oplul oN .epIA t2ns ap st3oq sesloD st?p I?]
-sT| I?urn Jazel urapod sa|H .aiueult??Jelp uraiedal sa]uapuadep so anb
sue8T?suaur `t2(as no `,,oursaur o8IsuoJ eslaAuoD,, ap eureap o¥5t?Jedro
-al ap apt2plunuloD e anb o unoD opue5auroD eu!|dpsTP e g OAT?uD V
•|p¥]gardunasueuossT`osnapapseuIpIAsTBTixassaiuapuedapsot7Jt2d
•soursaur ls ap Jqso8 I? It}5aurco ulaAap sap anb ulazTp enb SOIAH so a st?os
-sad se urco opeprro Jeulo} ulaAep sa[E .soulseur Ts ap quedsal e uleq urei
-u!s as sa+uepuedsp so enb urco urazt?I SPA?pnes sTeuopoue sa]qu[ So
•t}zalrut?u Jod
slt2n][JIdsa `e|uaule]JeD `e slt?nxas `soD[sH `sTt?uopoura las uepod anb
s!aA?pnes sa]TurI| urg|ueur |aA¥P"2s I?uTTdTJSTp v .STaAppnes So|uaunt3|
-IoduroD ap una8t?zTpueldp t2p oAPTsod oiDedse o o]uenb oe5Iund I?p
oApt38au o]Dadse o ule] o}ue} I?u[[dps[a .(g.z| qH) ,,ogs"aaJdeJ~ #.7is „ Mo.
ao8uun as ulau `J.oquas op tlu||dps|p a azaJdsap ogu 'qu|if now -.zlp Snelq&H
•1P olAH o .soPTpams-uraq e|uault3ureJ|xa o¥Jas `so8!iue soe noD[pap
onb slt?ruTI soAou so I?led I?!8Iaue rmsaur e laxnol] ale 3s .[tmxas e|uap
-uadap o t3It?d soAplsod a soAou slt3ruII aJepqu|Sa t7AT]TS0d I?uI[dps!P V
stao.pprms sxpniapds@ a svo?s}f
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•STt2ruTI so lad
-uloJle|uT I?It?d |t?|uaurepunI g sa]IulT| sassap o?3ue}nut?ur v .urt?5a}uoDp
h'`1|e anb lt?}[Aa elt?d laiut?ur urt?speld anb sTeA¥pnes sa}!ul[| so a slen]
-!J snas ap t3isT| Burn ulazt?I e}uaur|ela8 saiuapuedap so .sTt?TUII snes
`tp o|TadsaJ e |enxas eiuapuedap o le]uaIlo ogJaqes a se|uaTladxa o?s
it]uault?}t?p o uraDale]o anb so a solIa"asuoD `seJopt2upolit2d `o[odp ap
Ht)d"8so.,,]t2IadnDalaureledt?sloDIanb|t?nbJazt?jospeldna,,goldp
Hu!Idost?ur`se}!I]salsTt3urlaslt?spaldurapodsa}!ul[|so`st2TpsoJTeurTld
tJ( ) N .sa[a elt3d sleA?pnes ogs sai!ulI| slt?nb Jt?3HIiuapT urespaJd o¥5t?lad
iiLitil ula slt!nxes sa]uepuedap so .slaApp"2s sa]TurI| ap sept3ult2ap OES
H!ilni!I so ladurollaiut eled sept3uro} Ias urt?spald anb sapn]I]e sv
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e BIT?d eJtalJeq euln g o?sn}uoD t2ssE 6|t2|lour o¥| Ias apod TPP o?I esTOD
t3urn ouloD .opT]uas zt3I o?u oss[ `t3ullol eilso aa .ailoul I? ure[It2Aa| o
so]uaure]IoduroD sassa anb nepuaa]duroD apJt?I s[eur a|uaulos i o]ueur
-t}tloduroD assa e etJt?Bade as o¥u aTa ouloD .a}ueur ens ura soueur o|ad
'assT8n; ap anb unt3Jplurlad a ult3AI?ul|eJe o anb soiueureilodunoD t2Ied
noi|oA as ap `opaur uloD a 9s .apt?pt ep sour s8I] sot? opeuopur?ap opts
et|uei a}uapuedap o z3A|t?I .IaA|Aelqos t2 urt}Iepn!t3 o so]uaureiloduroD
sassa anblod `|tmxas opeptA o Bled lopt35eaure a]uaurt?uraJ}xe g st?[s
-T3iue] a sTt?n}[J `sTenxes so|uaurt?]IoduroD so laduroJla]u[ ura lepeH
•Ttmxas olTeDJt?d op t7pugssa ep o?5t2urnsuoD e li2iuasaldel no
o¥5t7|IaJe Tt?]o} JezT|oqul!s `sa}ue|pxa st3PugH3dxa st3I|aurHd Se Jt}TIDaJ
apod I;|E .oDITgqurls aluault3}|e urgqure} g |tmxas apt?pIApe ap odp o
•opeule Jag I?spald a]uapuadap o anb ure st?uno} seu I?soJourt? a|uaur
-I?}a|duroD g eossad e `urglod `t2Ise]ue] t}N .a|uapuadep o nouopuequ
a}uaurt}pun]old s[eur anb eossad e e}uasaldal t2Ist2|uel eu aDalede anb
(st7ossed no) eossad ep t}pugrede e no apt?pt|euosJad a sezaA st?urn8|v
•urt?|uaseJdal st?Ta anb o Japua}ua olIeurIJd e]ue]JodurI g st3tst?tut?I se
JeduroJJa]uT eJed .oD||9qurTs opeDHtu8Is urn ula} |enxas I?Ist?iur?I epoi
un|ues@Jd@J sv|a op?Jaf n@ op @pvp?ssac)au
anb a unznoqu?s sv?svquvf sv anb o mqnos@a
•sapepTssaDeu s? Iepua|e t3Jed s|aA¥pnes st}u|oDsa
laze] `o?iua `a urt}iuesaJdal se|e anb sosnqu a Jet|[ure] ure8TJo a lt2DHI]
-uapl `urt}DHTu8[s st2|a enb o JapuaaJduroD st?ur `st2|-?Joust g o¥u st?tst?1
-uel se ladurolJaiut ep BAT}ala steur eunol v .sepTpua]t? o?u sept?plssaD
-au a st?pun;old st!pIla] ep so|oqurls aJduras ast3nb o?s se|st3+ue] sv
•o¥5t}n]!s t3p t2ulpIA ap zaA ura `Iopt?sneD o g a}uapuadap o no aiuala]tp
g apt?p[Ape I?p opt?}|nsaJ o :sa|uala]Tp s!epua}od stop uroD st?ur `(e3T[
-9qngs t3JIeueur ap zaA|t2}) opt3sst}d op |tmxas osnqu ap st?pugTJadxtl
sons leAel a}uapuedap ot? urt2|T|tq|ssod seTa enb g oA[}a!qo olTaDJa| o
•soue ]od saJop sons opt?+Iodns ura]
aiuapuedap o lenb e[ad T3I[aur3ur e g t3ssa `o|op} ospe] uln `es|t?I o?in|o*
I?urn I?(as I?JoqurE .opeurt? a opt2I8o|a `opt?unl[Ie `oplnpuT `opeDo| `op[Am
g aJduras a}uapuedap o `stJTaN .ungsst2 ogs sTenxas seTse]ue] sv .oE5ua]u
e loue ap st3JopaDalaur `s!t3TJadsa seossad a}uaulTeel souros anb Jeu!#
ngur[ JHprllad sou apod se|ap t2urn Jenb[eno .Iapod no sn]t?]s Ja| `s!gdt?t]
sopno laDJaxa ap `st2H¥iauour `seDpg[]t? seTst?]ue] Jai soulapod .oJ]no n( t
odt} urn no ula] sou ap I?Holt3ur v .st?Ist?]uej ap sodI} so]Inur JeAeu ap(t, I
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e `slaA¥pnes st?ulloj ap sopt?Dot a sopep!ro `sopeure `sopt?o5uaqu `sop
-eulJHe `sopIAno o¥s o¥u anb ura|uas sa]uepuedep so opuen€) .euno}
tapno eur"|uau ep sopTpue}t? Ias urapod ogu anb I?]IpeDe a|uapuedap o
anb sopunloJd so.fasap e lapuaie g st3Ist?|ue] sep oApa{qo opun8es o
•It?]pxa no leul|t?De ap epeppt?deJ e ulg| st2[se|ue] st3 `o}ue}Iod .lHt?ur
-|eDe o¥xauoJ ap a st?Jpugu" st?|se]ut?I sv .Journg o e|uaurt7APTsod urt3J
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no sa]s!I] `eA!t?I uloD `sopesueD `soIJg}T|os o?|se opueno .[t?nxas a}uap
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soapi@!ap sgri un@i vtsviuof v
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e lt?]uaur|Iadxe ?Iapod ale o}uod anb ura `Iop e uloD oxes o leposse p
euopTpuoD as e|uepuadap o as .eApt?8eu e|uaurt?|a|dunoD epugHadxe
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a sEe|uaur so8o! so]Tnun ureJt28o.f ¥( sa|uepuadap so .a]uapHe o]Inun g
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sa}uapuedap so `opIA op o¥5t2JadroeJ ap ossaDold oN .ure}uaulne zed
a t2TI8e[t? ap sopoIlad so a oduna] o uroD TnuTurtp sepugIladxa sep apep
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a leAa| epod ale `t?Ape8au og5oura I?uln e5aJt?d oladsasap o I?JoqurE
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-sod e JaAnou 3s st3pt}DH[|ou las urtzspeJd urgqult?1 sapeptlo+ne sv
•Iapod ap osnqu elap!suoD eueDIlaule ta| I? `oll |
-pun o}ueulTiuasuoD uloD essaJJODo o|e o I?IoqulH .ope8oApe no oD[p`?ui
891
•op!JJOJo o|e} o 'u!sse 'opue!J)ai '|eded lun opu!iunsse iun
epe) 'og5ez!ieueip euln iuaze] odnj6 op saiued!]!ued so ienb Eu 'eurejpo]!sd ou epesn e)!u.gi Tz
`Io|sed uln uloD |t2nxas o]uauleuopepl urn ult3IeAp`][`3ur `o|duraxa lod
`se|uapuedap saJaHnur st?]InM .apt}pIlo|ne ap odI] assa uraDlaxa anb
sa[anbt?pt3TJo8a}eDt?uulgqult?}urat?Dsalossa]oJdesope8oApe`soDIp9ur
so .alpt?d no Jo}st2d op |t?n]IJTdsa no [t?uopoula t3pugngul e qos I?!a}
-sa oi|npe ouelnboled urn anb `o|duraxa Jod `as-I?JaplsuoD .Jopt3snap
op |euopoule no [en]IITdsa I?TJugn|Iu! e qos Jeisa no |t?]uaur oplt?ial o
ouloJ `sleuopoura sag5e]IurT| st?ns ep oEzt?I ura ,,o?u,, JazTp ap ept2pp
-edt7D e ula] o?u anb eossad I?uln g |aA¥Iau[nA o]|npe uln .oTJ9}t?8!Jqo
g osnqe o lt?punuap `soueDlJaure sopt}]sE sop I?Ilo[eur I?N .osnqe op
oiuauloul ou |aApleu|nA o]|npt? urn no `apt?p[ ap `Ioueur les I?ulI}|A e
3p oseD ou sapt?plloine st? IaA|oAue ap ept7plsscoau e leAeu apod
•sa[ap O]tlault?uopt?|al 0 lt?uloier no lemo ap ur[} t} Jopt3snap
o opue]uo+IuoD ¥|sa anb lazTp g]t3 apod e}uepuedep o .seossad st?J|no
elH Iopesnqu o anb lp}IAa ap a opt?Jro las ap o|lsgdold nag oput?It?pep
`Ie8|n! o¥u e I?unol ap o|-9zt?I apod `t3Atel uns assaldxa aiuapuedap o
anb oulsaN .oAp"|suoD e.res o¥513}uoquco ap osseDold o anb reln8asse
g JoPB|Paur oP I?]ele| v .Jo|st?d o no I?|nedeJa| o ouloD `JopeTpaur urn ap
e5uasa]d I?u t2pt?zHt?al Jas aAep e|aJ[p o¥5t?|uo+IuoD v .sorHH snas ap urn
ap opuEsnap assaApsa Ted nas anb leiladsns e no5auroD aI|IeuD opuenb
I?II¥sscoau noulo| es o¥5t?]uoquoD e `o}ut?|ua oN .a]ueure|alTP Tt?d nas
Jt?]uoquoD ap apt?plssaDau e npu3S o?u a uraq o|lnur ossT urco nopT| ap
I?[dela}t?N.ouenbadopuenbTedp|adopesnqua]uaul|enxesTo]`o|duraxa
Jod `aHJt?uD .t?]IdaJ as anb ep couexp apueJ8 JaAnou as no opual]oDo
lt7]sa t2putt3 osnqu op ost?D ou ope|uo+}uoD Jas espald JOpesnqu urn
•o¥s ouloD Cure so snaa a neDaiuoDe anb o ulep
-alaul oEu sa|a `sa|ap g oEu I?d[ro I? :osnqu op so]t?I sop sopt3Iqula| Ias
uraAap `so]uaul[]uas snas ap ogsseldxa ap sossaJold sassep unedpTiJt?d
'seulI}}A se ouroD `se|uapuedap so anb alduras .out?p sTt?ur Jesnt!J uras
@}uaul|puopoula lt?Iro urapod sua8epJoqu st?SSE .oDI}ngdt?Ja] odnJ8 op
se]uedpplt3d sopno unoD [z,,At?[d-e|oJ„ odT} op oE5t3|uoJ|uoJ euln J3zt?I
ur9qurt?] urapod .Jopt?Snqu oe st?}JeD `Jt?IAua ogu spur `JeAelDsa no I?Idel
-tl]t?usag5ourasenslessaJdxaurapodse|uepuadapso.ossTure8Ixa.ot?u
`1nbosnapouroDIt?pI[esapst3ullo|st?J]no¥H.salopesnqusounoDe]aJTp
{tg5e]uolIuoD e ores leHODo epod osnap op o¥5t?|uopuoD p enb olaJD
•o?5t?I[puoDal I?J"n] Burn ap apt?pT|Iqussod e J[padurI
`1 o|uault?pue]sTp oe Jt?Aa| aiuaulos epod oss| .st?Apt?InJ st?uno| ap lop
i? iuoD aiueurt2Ap[sod lt2pI| eled |t?ruII|dsa a Tt?uopoura appes e no t2IDua
-psuoJ e `sag5[puo3 Jtnssod o¥u Jopt3snqu o as a|ueun|epadsa `esoJo|op
 T4T
no ,,o¥8alloDsa,, selAt?|t?d se a|uaun|t?IaD .I?Jn3 ap ept3uro! ep opluT oP
slodap so}uaurt2]IoduroD snas e o¥zeA Jt?p e lt?}loA It?A aiuapuadap o as
g ulg} seossad seJ|no a sa8n!ugD so anb st?pTApp s[edputld st2p t2uln
sva!vDEIH a SEIgDHHHODSH
•t7PugpuadapoD t7 IaDueA
elt7d sle}ueurt2pun] soiDedse sop urn 9 snaa ura lt2HuoD t2 Iapualdv .[p
-TutJtdsa oHt?sap urn `apt2plaA t7u `g opaul op a apt7petsue ep eJnD v
•sIgH So8ture sop t2J}xa oTodt3 ep uespald odura} assa a|ur3Jnc| .urt?II
-exlep o `eiuaul[t3al uressaDe`|uoD so seossad se es anb ep opeur o uroD
ult3}n| o¥5t3Iadroal usa sa}uapuadap so .oL||t?qel} ep se8a|oD a t?!al8T ep
so8ture `sa}ueled `sou|H [npqu oss| .st3ossad st?Jino laplad ep opaur ulg}
urgqurt3| sap `soDT|qud ureuJo} as so|ueurt?|loduro] snes auno]uoD
•|unxas a]uapuadap op ouopuequ op opaur o I?DHtsueiul
t2pueIJadxa t3ssE .ulaJt?JOT]e so]ueulpuas sotldgld snas lexlap urepod
`e5ueln8as ura a opueladroal as ?isa a]uapuadep o anb ula]ues opuenb
sour `It3Iode urapod sa8n!ugD so `o¥5t3IadroaJ ep |t2p[uT opoIled oN .ax
lap so a8n{ugD o anb ep olaDal o?Ja} `o|duraxa lod `sopest3D sttpnxes se]
-uapuadap so .elope}snsst? Jas apod epugpuadapoJ t2p apt?palsue v
•a8upt? so etuult?I t2 a so8Iure so leplad ap
opeur o a o¥pt|os I?p lop e (o}uaurt2ie]}' ep sgur ouou no o]xes o a]]ue)
apt2patlqos ap [aA}u o}IaD e urp8aap stenxes sa}uapuedap so opueno
vlDNgaNEldEaoD
•st?stoD sessa ltlqoDsapel e sol-?pn!t3 apod opanbutlq urn `sezaA
st2urn8|e `a apt3pteue}uodsa e I?trfeape opuelroold o¥isa saiuepuedap so
st?ur `st38atd oDnod urn Jt?os apod oss| .st}5ueIID opuenb la} ureAI3{asap
sop anb esloD t2urn8pe uelt2IduroD a sopanbtprq ap e!o| Bum e ulalI e sat
-uaped sun8pe oApuaDul nE .t2tleJu!Iq e5ueID I?urn ouroD Iapualdt2al Itp]
~HTu8Ts apod urglod `as-IpraAIG .o¥slaAIp ura uresuad opuenb sailods`i
no so}|npe ap so8o[ ura t2suad soi|npe sop e[Iopeur v .nap sou snaa anb
opunur o a epIA t2 It?}[aAolde a lapuelde ule a}s[suoD I?|E .o¥pIJn3sa a Jop
ap st7uede aislsuoD o?u o¥3eladroal v .so}uaueuopepl sou |eiIA o]uaui
-ap urn g oEslaATP t} `urtsse oursaN .eA!snqu I?pug]qu I?urn ap se3uelqur`ii
lezt2p apod as-IplaA[a .,,odurai ap I?pled,, g anb ulape anb]od le8o! `ip
apt?p|n3HIp la| no orITt3qeJ} usa sopt2pIA Jas ulapod .osnap op I?sneD ]otl
zaA[e} `reDUIlq ouro3 ureJaJanbsa a|ueul[eJe8 sa|H .JpeAtp as e lapualcl I I
urespald urgqult?I sltmxas sa}uapuedap so `as-ueJtzladnDaJ ap ulH v
'v','\-,'| ,a ,',I ,'ty' ''''';'1,1,'''),I '''' W''.,,;I,I\\,
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• „eptmbapeuT esTOD I?urn8Te opuazt?I IaApsa na as e|e} `IOAt2l
Jod .so]uaure|loduroJ so8pue snaur opueDpeld no]sa enb oapDled o¥u
nasazaAseurn8|v.9DOAurco|unxasepn|pet?unnla]It?|u3|noAt?JununE
•IOAI?I Tod `aur-I?8Ip `ouep urn8|e asnt?D aH anb t3s|oD I?urn8|e JezH na ng
•It?o8t?un a" o¥u Je|ue] a 9DOA uloD o]s3uou Jes noA nE,, :IazTp apod ap
`o|duraxa lod .so}ueult?uope|eJ sasseu sTaA¥pnes sa|Tul[| Iqur!;Iap t7spaJd
|enxes a]uapuadap o `sTaAppnes so}uault?uopt?pl IaDa|aqe]se t?Iec|
•oxes oulseur op st3ossad uloD aiueuros sapezEurt? JetHODsa uraA
-ap sltmxassoleiaL[ so `o¥zt}I t2ssa Tod .|t?pua]od ura slenxas solIeDlt3d
ogs o?u anb so8|ure `g o|sI `som8as so8Ture Jas urt?speld urgqult?1 Sa[E
•aiueult?Aou uralalloDo sassa as soiueure}IoduroD soHaA It?|uoJIuoD ap
og5Tsods|p e|ad a sosoloule a soAIinpsuoD soHasuoD Jep ap apepT|Tq
-eu `epep|t?a| I?ns J:od soplt||oDsa e}uault?sopt?pTro oEs soSIure so .sap
-eplssaDau st?ssa II]dns e lepn{e I?led uraTode so anb so8Iure lt?Dsnq p
a ule]IssaDau enb o IIpad a lepuelde urespeld `sept?plssaDeu st?ns s¥
urepueie st?|a anb eJt?d st?ossad se Jt?[ndlueur ep Jt38n| urE .oisro opo| e
sol]no so lt3pt?I8e le]ua] ap lt}Ied urespald sltmxas se}uepuadap so
•seg5t2It?dal Iazt2I a
ogplad ltpad ulgqunt?1 a seossad sp urt3It3sneJ anb ouep o elqos st?lung
-led Jezt}I unapod `ossT ulezel opueno .soJ}no so Jt?d|ro ep Jt?led a st}ur
-a|qold snas ep apt}p||tqusuodsaJ e IIulnsse uraAap sa|uapuedap so
I .apt3PI|TquJeu|nA rms Jau|ODt3 t2Jt7d a]uapHns o slaApp"?s a
st?Jn8as seossad laHOJse spur `oJ[a]u| opunur o t2It?d epepJ3A e leiIJ8 a
J[t?s urespeld o¥u `urglod `sa|uapuedep so .apt?pI|sauou I?p urapuedap
§olpt?s soiuaureuopt}[al so .oiuaurt?iJoduroD nes alqos JI]ueur sTt2ur urt3s
-paJdoguasoisauoulasurespaJdsap`sopt3mDurt?.[assoiueureuope[el
so anb I?It?d .soJ]no so urt?Jeue8ue a urelpueur s[t?nxas seiuapuadap so
`soue lod .ossaJold essau [e}ueurepun] Io]el urn g apt3pI}Sauou V
•o¥5eladroeJ ap sour
a sasaur solIaurI]:d sou e5euroD ere e seur `odura] t}Aa| oss| .soAIit3DH|u
~8!s so}ueult?uopepl so sopo] It?Ire urespald slenxes sa]uepuadap so
`o]ue|ua oN .slt7seD sop t7Jro ¥ a8TITp as a}uaure.Hpedsa [[ o[n]ldeD o
soLNHMVNolDVTE" SO OaNVIlnD
•slaAppmesso]ueureuope|alsounlaA|oAuesapt}Iedt?It?deJdSouoss[plaqus
•sa|lo] soiuod sossou ue o?u a sezanbt2]] st3ssou ula soul.apauco sou anb
"II|IqoJsap oFTunuro) t7N .a]ueueuras lop uremiueurpedxa enb sol]no
HoultapuoDue spenb sou olode ep sodm8 a sag[uner soulii3]uenba]] sou ep
 €4T
•sepIA sessou uroD JT souraJanb apuo ap o|t2J|aJ urn I .urgn8Te ap I?PTA
t7 t2It?d snaG ap o}tsgdold op a oue|d op `opt?ult?ap op t7It3p e|apl eurn g
oes[A t2urn .o¥stA T3urn JaA|oAuasap urt?spaJ.d s[tmxes saiuapuadap so
OyslA vMn OaNEiATOANElsEla
•snea uloD opungold slt3ur oiueurt2uopepl urn ap a
eTDuaIDsuoD eAou t3urn ap `t2ptA ep st?5uepnur ap I?5ueJadsa `apt?pquales
a zed ep e5ueladsa `opt}mD Ias ap t25ueJadsa :e5ueladsa ulazt?I} apt?pT|
-I?rLit]tdsa I? a o¥5t?IadroaJ e `opn] ap eulpv .I?uHdpstp a otl¥Ip osslur
-oJduroD urn `sneG e o¥5lpual `so}uaureuopt?|el ap I?mD e `sonpIATpul
ap I?mJ a ulaA[oAue st?pugIladxa se st?qulv .sopt38I|Ia}ul o¥}sa lt?nxas
OPIA op o¥5t?Jadroal e a apepT|t?n|TJIdsa t2p o|ueurepun}olde o
•staAppnes segspap ue I?peD|t?D I?ngap t2pugHadxa Bum seun `o¥5tquaqu ap
I?Dqu;L t2PugHadxa Bum g oqu elro a anb Jqucoe g o[}esap loTeur o .t3pun;
-orde es epeuro.[ ep apeppreJas I? uran8as as Sub sous a seTp sou sour `|en]
-FTdsaepeulo(epe[I8aTt?eueiueuquedxasaiuapuedepso`o¥5t2Iedroarap
st?tp soJTaurHd SON .pn|FTds3 epeuro( t2um g o?5t2Jadroel ap ossaJord o
E|avalrlvnL"IdsE
•eptA t2ns ep o¥5eA[t3s e ouloD ossa;old o urap|oDe sale e t2zaJnit3u I?puns
-as t2uln as-euro} 'oppapuoJsap I?Ia opesst?d ou enb o .JaDe|aqt?isa es t!
e5auroD Curt?I8oJd op apeppeJ.es I? `t}ssed odurai o auno}uoD `o]ue}u`l
oN .ap t3JiuoD Je|eqaJ as urepod sale a sa}uapuedap so I?It?d |aA?}]oi
-uoDsap a Jopt?]snsse eDaJi2d .ot|ur!Jisa g og5t7JadnDal ep osseDold o
•st3ApuaAaJd septpaur Jt3ulo| ap sazt3deJ u[euro| as sale o?}uE .a|uaurl]|
-uold sTt3ur sotpt?8alloDsa s|t2Do| e so]uaulour Jt?dpaiue a apueJde aiu@ p
-uadap o a sazlt?I ellD o¥5t3Iadroal ap t3urt?I8old o `a|uaul|enpelD .o¥5lw
-ednDal ap ossaDOJd nas ep st?Ip solIauntld sou sazaA setlpA urT38alloDs`i
apt7pallqos ap sopo}Jad so8uo| uloD stenxas sa]uapuedap so]!nN
•oSt2Iedroal t3 alqos oap lapuerde t2red o¥8ancosa o resn ulaAap `oss! I i
zaA urn .oiueulquodurco op opp ou e]|oA ep sol-¥Aa| unapod t2quo8IaA `ii i
soiueulpuessonoapr3pTsuangepe!sI?urapurcouran2dTroasoAprpordgoi.?ii
`t2p}i3Daleumurg]opumboursauna`ure8aHcosesetuapuedapsoopueno
•se}ue opt?Iedal soure`luI| o¥u anb sezanbel] IaqaDJ`it I
Iazel sou urapod sag8aJJODse so .t2zanbeJ] ep sodurai so I?Jt3d lt?]t?dil.Ii I
as eled I?5Jo] ap sodura| so Jt3sn espaJd aiuepuedep o anb ap st?!iu,t
-aN ep oTdpuIld op as-aJqular| .om]n| ou olJa aTanbt? ]a]auloD ]t?]!^.i
a opt3]Ia nap anb op epe`||e]ap o¥5IIDsap euln lazt2] uraAap `se()tiH,til
I,,n,\''., ('1.'1'1 ''1, I,l''',Il'r,I',.I1,,I, +,,I: ,,,, 1`\/
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sepno ap epn.fo e uloD .13solo[op oE5oura I?urn opue|TAa lt}|sa urepod
no olFTlped urn uro3 soJiuoDue snas opepua8T|8au `sa]tult| snas optpx
-e|al Ie| uepod sa|uapuedap so .opt?IJa nap o?5t2Iadroal ap ossaDold
ou I?s!oJ I?urn8[e anb I?DHTu8Is o?8aJloDsa o .ure[eJaJ anb saiue o?5t?I[
-eAt2o}ne euln lazt?I urt?speld `urt?8a]IODsa sa|uapuedap so opueno
•so}ueure|JoduroD so8I]ue so lt?D[]
-eld e Jt?}|oA ap oE5t?]uai e o8[suo® zeJ| apepT[|]nu[ ap o|uaul[]ues assE
•seura|qold sassa laA|osal no lt2]TAa e t2pn.he o?u o¥5t7Iedroal t3ns a sop
-t3urTuesep urt?DH sa|E .o8eldure op epJad e no soJTaDueuH st?ura|qold so
ouroD `st?pugnbasuoD se le]uaJlua ap ept2pTn®HIp urg} sa]uapuadap so
svtougnbasuoD
•soppepqt2}sa sa|Tul!| so reuopueap no mexe|er a ,,sTeunou,, Ias urelanb
sa|E.sTeTUHsnesalqossag5lqlordsepTBHsebsopesueDueDHurgqueL.sop
-t2pTA ap sopt3|nior ulalas ap sopt3sueD JeJH e ure5anco se}uepuedap so
o5vsunD
•olA}[t? Iel]uoDua ap ul[} t7 s[enxas soiueurt?}IoduroD
snas I?It2d lt?i|oA e sopt?iuei las urapod anb `sa]uepuadap sop I?Tloteur p
I?led saJopt?5eeure a]uault?ulapxe o?s soiueulI]uas sassE .OPIA nas uloD
oput?3lpaul,, as sleur o¥]sa o¥u anblod sosolo|op soiuaurI]uas slt!ur Jet
-uaurlledxe e urt}5aunoD `urt?]adn]el as sa}uapuadep so anb t7p[paur v
sosoAoi.op so+uaapquas
•o¥5eJednDaJ ap seI8g]eJ|sa st?I|no o¥5e ula lt2Do|oD o¥u a
sT3Appnes sa]Iul[| so Jt?]Iadsal ap `sag[unaJ se lt?}uanbeJ] ap lt2]t?d urap
-od .a|ol]uoD qos eur3[qoJd o urai ¥f anb e lt?xe|aJ urapod anb lt?sued I?
ult?5euroD `apt?paIlqos ep |aAIu o}IaD ura8uI]e seiuapuedap so opueno
u?ougoap|dunoD
•a|uault?aut2]|nur
-!s JelloDo urapod a soATssaJ8old e}ueuleTJt?ssaDau o¥s o¥u sa|E .soDIs
-pq so8[Jad ol|t?nb gu odura] essa a|uelna .o?5t?JadnDaJ t3p opluT op
H!odap sasaur azop e stag ap `ulaDa}uoJe oput?nb `JaDa|uoDe ap apt}pT|
•[qeqoJd s[eur ulg| st?pleDaJ se a sag8eJJODsa so .sezaA se!IPA alloDo
( lpuenb g ,,epleDeJ,, e a zaA euln aJloDo oA|s|ndunoD o}uaunt3]IoduroD o
itpuenb g ,,og8aJloJsa,, uln .ossT JeAaJDsap eJt?d sppesn o?s ,,t2plt?Del„
 9ZT
•t?5t?I8 pu `el|uo8IaA ap zaA ulE .on]pun opt?p|ro a [eA¥p"?s louse ?u
`sepIJel st2p le8nT urE' .snaa ep t2"ult?I t3 uroJ epug[Iadxe Burn ¥u `st3I]
-ueop selt!TT!ult3l stzDIul?uTp st?p Je8n[ ure `TeA¥pnes emD ep opp oN
ejn. ep op!. o :oT eJn8!]
ia^ppnes o]ueiueuodiuo.
s!a^?pnes s!eni!ti
ia^?pnes opep!n.
sn]a ]a vlljNv] v
:ox|eap opeJ]sn[[ g opp oAou o .F o"IdeD ou ope]uaselde
|t3nxas OPIA op opp op oT8p]sa ept2D e|JaAUT a t3pJoap emJ ap epeuJo{ V
ouro ap OPP a
•st3pTle] st3ssou sourt?InD a sapt3p[ssaDau sos
-sou sF a]uaureunpt8a| sourapua]t3 `o¥5t? ure t3|-pDo|oJ oe `anb ltlqoDsap
i () anb op om8as sTt3ur lt3[ urn ura urT?5selD sourH snaur anb olenD
a sepIA st?ssou I?Jt?d snaG ap oue|d o Jt?u!8t3urt g `opt?I oJ|no lod `o?s!^
v .Sag5n|os st2s|t!] opueuT8t?ur| st}pIla5 It2InD a sapt2plssaDau st2ssou s``t
Japua]e ap t2Apt?tua] t}urn g I?tst?tut?I t3 ouloD a}uaulloTJa]ue [AalDsaa
•st3pIA st3ssou ura apeiuoA uns soureDsnq opuenh
Slap snaa anb seHod ap odp o o¥s sassH .oDnpeur aiueureia|duco t2Ae}s`i
ale anb I?FTP ne onga]u! opunur ou st?ossad sepno ]t?"asuoDe 3 IaAa]Db`,`
`reulsue `st?J|sa|ed rep eFT ne I?ap urn enb assess!p aur urgn8pe as `o?5t?J{lc]
-roar ei|ulul ep seap soJ!aurHd SON .§naa ap Jopeur oue|d op t7ilod t2 aJq`i
anb o?belachoer t2|enbe lt3puoDue urapod OPIA urn ap I?sneD Iod so8ajtl
-ura snas urelaprad ahb sapnbt} ounsey^[ .(F. I oDz) sag5zJz7tq.!Jj JocJ ap"zlsTb`tJ/ `
innxas i)roill tip tliii,i"ri.|tiji tlti w).I:i;it|`'\/
izR]u
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essou laAIA .suop sortapt?plaA sossou mequcoue e e}pt?dco sou a snaa ep
squsgdord so urco eiluE[e as enbeod epJaue BID enep oEsqu oum lei
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as no]un8Iad a loised nas noploqu a|E .st?ossad stapno uroD I?5ueledsa
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•sezeA s[aA¥]uoDut oATs|nduroD o}ueurt}iJoduroD ot? o¥zeA
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snas uen8au sa8n[uoD so enb a8Ixa ot?u oss| .|eTUTJIdsa a t3DTSI] `|t?UOI.I
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so .soA|t2s las uepod soiuaurt?st?D so .ossT Iod sourt3sst2d ?.I `apci `esods`1
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elt7d e5ueJadsa ¥u anb oul]He t2puTe `eA[t2J t2p a lop t?P o]Tadsap v
•sopt28ut?z ulaJe]sa ap o|TaJTP o oPo] ulgl Se|E|
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-IoduroDsopa]uaulosopt3}|nsa]o?sst?ure[qoldsnasanbltpsuadulapod
•o?IaA|osa] as st3ura|qold snas so sopoi lt2Iadroal es e le5auroD [tmx
-as eiuapuadap o opuenb anb JodnssaJd urepod sa]uapuedapoD so
•ossl plt2] alduras [enxas eiuapuedap o :eAT]t?p
TUT e Jt?uloi anb o¥Ja} eDunu anbJod [t?nxes t2pIA t3oq Burn o?Iai `|tmxes
aiuapuedap uln uloD uralt?st3D es sale as `enb ulaalD .oxas ep o|[adsal
e sopTqlu! no sopTulp o¥s sTt?nxes sa}uapuadepoD sun8|v .o]uaurt?u
-op?|eJ ap souro]sut?I] no/a epugpuadapoD uroJ osnqu ap st?ul|}IA Jes
urapod sa|H .so]uauleuopt?|al sues ureHODsa a}ueul|t3uopua}ul sTt?nxas
sa]uapuedap sop sol|eD]t3d so `o¥u no a|uaura]uapsuoD .a|uappe urn g
o¥u|tmxesa]uapuadepurnuloDIt?seD.|tmxasa]uapuadapouroDuleseJ
®nblod sa}uepuedepoD ultzuJoi as o¥u sean(ugD so `t3sued a}ua8 eilnun
`1nbopoTlpliuoJov.|enxasa}uapuedapouroDEseDaseiuapuadapoDo
vunD Ela vavNuof v uvLNnf EIS
INflAEia SlvnxHS SE[LNEaNEdHaoD So
•o]uaurespD ap soioA snas
I eunHt2aJ uelIppap la|Iuuef a urri `apepaTJqos ap our urn lt?]a|duroJ ov
•.)]ueuleuopt3|al ou laDaueunad nlppap eursaur [s ura sleun opueguco
`1 g] I?u opuaDsan lo] Ja]luuef anb t?p!peur v .apt?p[sscoau asspuas t2Ta
`is o]uault3uopt3pl o lexTap t3It}d tp5t?I8 a apeplaql| urt?lap a" od"8 op
"aHnur sv .t2ulseul Ts e laDa|t2]Io] e mep!ro ouloD IapueJdt? a noHt2sap a
`tnbsalaunurapoTodeapodrm8osoquJt?DurnnoJ|uoJuaHv.JedppJt?d
11!ppapa]uaul|eu!|e[a`oldpuEldea|ue]IsapoDnodurnassaApsat?IoqurE
'Hl?sodsa se eJt?d o!ode ap aiueHaulas od"8 urn Jt2iuanbaJ] p noHt?sap e
lu!i .epeurse!sn]ua noDH Ja|quaf `ap e es-Jt?}un( nlppap e |tmxas t2pugp
i-ti`idap a uroD urt3Ae]n| anb suaulou elt}d I?{arfl I?u oTode ep odnJ8 urn
 €81
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-I?D sassE .sa|ap lop e ei|[pJt?duroD anb oisTJD uroD ere ap I?pt?uno.[ t3p lt3d
-pprt2d uepod anb ueqt?s ulgqure] t2ullo} t2ssap urt3peuo3 as enb speseD
so .oJ|no oe urn Je[ode a soJp?dura les urapod sa|E .oTupur o}uaulu]os
op a lop ep sgAepe ]t7pauoD as apod `opt?sst2d op salop sens I?tmared
-unoD a]uaurt?}sauqu |t?st3J urn opueno .opun] Speul Tt?A eDIur?UIP I?SSH
•sopt?[Tt3 o?s t3Io8e `so8qutuT urela se|e sa|uv .o|-¥J]s[u|urpe
ouroD ap t2 Ieutsua t3Tpod I?|a a olTel|ulp ap o}tadsel e apt?PquaJas a g]
s[eur la} ouroD eta e Jeulsua I?Tpod a|H .salt?|ueura|duroJ st?DpsIJapt?Jt?D
ult3qup anb ulel[JqoDsep fit?N a Tat?UDIN .eTe eJ]uoD st?DPIID sons a a|ap
apt?Pl|TqusuodselJt e I?Ae]Se|ap e|E .a|a I?J]uoD st?DPIJD stmupuoD sons a
oltat|ulp Tod I?i|u[] eta anb ,,o?ssasqo,, e t3At?]se|3p eH .oJ[euu|P ap t2SneD
Iod sour aiur?I.np uele8Hq rfut?N a pt3ap" .IpsaAut a lednod ouroD aqu7s
3]ueurTeel a ol[e\|u!p o uroD t3dn3oald as I?|E .ulaq o|lnur oJTeuuTP o tIAt?J}
~sTutulpe sour `esoT8t|aJ o|tnur o¥u eI[;uel eunn ap olaA fueN .oJ!aDueu[}
IopepsTuturpe oul!ssgd urn g a orla`|u;p uroD edn3oald as o¥u |at3tpIIN
•t?ITaDueu!} apt?PFTqe]Sa ¥ Jt?8auD t2Ied soue|d soquur I?TZT3} urau oJTei|u
ip ura o}tnur eAesuad o?u anb I?sol8Hal I?Iuult?I t3urn ap oleA |aeuDIN
•urt?]uaure|duroD as anb sezanbeJ] e st35Iol ep so]un!uoD uranssod s[esT?D
so anb I?DHtu8ts oss| .oJ|no op oDt?Jl o|uod o Jas apod urn ep a|lo} o}uod
o enb o|S[A Soura} SIT?st!D ap st?ua}ueD uloD oput3"t?qeli .t3mD I?p I?pt7u
-Jo( I?u st?ItapueduroD a st}pt?t[e no `Iop t7ns Jod el}no ¥ Burn oput?d|nD
`seg[urlun Jes ap Tt?pua]od o uranssod sep[Ie] st?ossad st?nG .o|[sgdoJd
a oue|d nag ap ailed ouroD I?Dtul€uTp I?ssa le]t?8saJ apod sneG `st?PTJ
-a] gens ap t3sntzD Iod opt?I|uoDua as ultqua} sesodsa sons a sopIlt?ur
so anb oursaur `anb a|uaureulJH souraD na a I?sodsa I?`|u!ur `e{oH
•aEur a Ted ap zaA ula |e8nluoD oJTaDJt?d urn ap opt2pTro a
oquJt3J ]aDala}o I?red oJtaDred o eJaqt| oss| .soJTaDJt?d snas ap (|t?ura|t?ur
no) |eura]ed ouutJeD o Ia|qo le|ue| ap urt?It3d sa8n{ugD so `sag5oura sos
-sa urll3ut?qt?p opueno .ult?Jt3uopuequ so anb a¥ur t2p no Ted op I?pled e
lt3Ioap uespeld se5ueTID opuenb sopt3uopuequ ulelo] anb sa8n!ugD so
•apeplul[quJoleurt2uma|[unadaa8n[ugDopo¥ssaJdet2Jpo¥5uHSTpt3ssa
lazed .e8n!ugD oe o¥u a `saJossalge solino no stt?d soe ueDuapad osnap
apseura|qoldsoenburapuearduroDsaiuapuedapso`o¥5eladroaJt?N
•(|[ t3m8H t7SA) a}uepIA opp oHdgld nas opueap `e8n{ugD nee ap sedeDs@
sol]no ermold osnap ap I?uxpIA i? `enuI}uoD aiuapuaDsap peJ!dsa I?uln un
`urTSse a .a|ue|Stp a t3DTJg|oD opuas egt?al `zaA uns lod `esodsa v .opt?p!A no
oDHg|oJ `a}ueislp ascopur?uJo] `,,t?pugrIAalqos ep opour,, ure apue ale anb
eJt3d ount28 ap t2AJ!s anb oap JazTp apod osnap ap eulpIA to] enb urgn8ii.
ap esodse a `o|durexa Tod .oAts|ndurco oiueueHodurco speur e J[znpuotl
a st?solo|op aiuaueulaHxa Jas urapod st?Dprlgutp st?ssa slest?D so eled
sl,'sr') r'.ml,I ,I,,'',I, \
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•(t66T. 'urE}uea 'enbJoi e^oN) aAo7 ]///D]j,Woo 'seuJe] ¥J!J}ed 7z
•oso[In} Jt3DH apod optJt3ur o `oHH urn I?
ouloD o|-p]t2Ii lt?A o¥u esodse p anb otAap I?JH opueno .aEur I?urn no lt?d
urn ep lt?8n| o lt?dnDo`urapod `a8n(ugD o urau `urgn8utu anb g oTAqg err
-a|qold o .aAa} I?Dunu enb ouu|Je® o a o¥5ua|e e la| ep ulH e ulaulot| uln
lt?pt218e e|lsseDau anb a [t2d o|ad I?peuopuequ JeHnur I?urn Jt?I|uoJue
epod a|E .|euJa|eur eulJo] ap a|ap apTrm anb Jau|nur I?urn leln®old apod
a¥ur e|ad opt3uopuequ opts I?`|up enb uleulou urn `o|duraxe lod .Jeape
as ueDaJed osnqu ap seult|IA sv i o]Iadsal assa p laze] soureA anb o
I.osnqu ap t3Pugppu| eulsaun a a|ueureDI}t?Id ulg] sltmxas
sa|uapuedap uroD sopt?st3D o?s anb sa|anbe anb nTJqoJsap ulgqure] sou
-It2D .|t?uoPoule I?Pug|ogA urt?Jallos sap sopo] 3stmb a e3ls}| I?pug[oIA
urt?IaJIos ol|t3nb aJ]ue sap `|t?nxas osnqu ult?Ial]os slenxes sa|uepuadep
oDup a]tua oJienb `saureD led lod I?pt?zt|eaJ I?slnbsad uroD oploDe aa
Sosnav SolHdoHd snELs uvl.NOHINOD MVSIDENd
SEILNHaNHdEla HLNEI"rlvnxEIS SIVSVD Soa SOHflMEM SO
•epeule a e}IaDt} `epTAno asspues as I?[a anb urco zal soiueulquas essaAp
e|a anb opT]IurJad la} ep ap o|el o .,,loop aAap oss| .opt?ssed ou oiuault?1
•IoduroJ naur ap 9DOA t3Iqura| I?uco I?sse enb fas nE,, :asslp ulaulot| o `epu
Jt?[]uoD o¥u ap t!|-gsnDt? ap zaA ulH .I?soIln] noDH opueslaAuoD noliucoue
so esodse ens opueno .o8o( o a st35ueHD st3 aJqos I?sJaAuoD noxnd a noun
ixoJde as Jaunur I?urn opuenb euJl|oq ureJe8o! soHu snag opupstsst? I?A
-t?}sa Tt3nxes aiuapuadap urn .so][aDlt?d snas ap soiuaulpues so uroD soAts
-uaarduroD opuas a |aA?uopsenb apnipe lanb[enb opueD[|dxa `ulalt7sel}t3
@s opuenb opueuo]a|a} e5ue[luco I? Ia|ueur uleAep Sa|E .Ouu|Jt3D a I?Pu91
-slsuoD uloD a8n{ugD nas Ji2]ep urt2spaJd `e5uequco I!"}suco I?led
•o]ueure+IoduroD oIJdgld nes o|ad slaA¥suodsal Jas uleAep
sale `It?JadnDal as elt?d .sopt3ssed soit2| sop a oiuaurt3iJoduroD o"aA nag
.ip aiuapuadap o urt?Iqura|aJ a]uaulos ,,£Jt?8n| assa e Jl t2IJaAap 9DOA,,
no ,,{ossT opupslsst? Je|sa I?[JaAap eDOA,, ouroD st?iun8Jad .se}Iur[| soIJd
-9Jd snes ep o|ueulpa|aqe|se o[ad a o?5t}Iadroal t3TldgJd I?ns Jod s[aA
-ysuodsal o¥s slenxas sa]uepuadap so .e|uapuadep op apepaIJqos epd
pApsuodsaJ g ogu e|a no a[a anb lapua]ue espald a]uapuadepoD o
•,,a|ol}uoD ap I?Io] ?isa so]un[ epIA essou anb a oiuault?uopt?|al ossou alq
-()s lapod soula] o¥u enb souxpqupt3 sgN„ : ,,soulquguv sopt?JedroaH sics
•l.D,, op osst?d olTaul[Id o lt?p urapod `o]ueuleuopt}[al op apt?plul]qua
l'| `?d t}rupur apt2pI|IqusuodsaJ Ip|TaDe. urapod sa|uepuedap a|ueupenxas
H!l?st3D so as .ure|so8 sale anb o elqos opno ot? urn leuno;ul I? It?5auroD a
I I (I,Ill)I(h,.\
 981 FBT
•opuel}auad [t?A so|t?I sop lop e anb I?pTpaun ¥ It2ssed apod o[AI|t? assa
`apJe] S[12N .epo| I?tlg}SFT t3 JIAno ula Sopt2IAT|e Jt2DH 13pod Sa8nfugD so
`apeplaA I?!Ias |enb opue|un8]ad as a sopeue8ua opuas sour ap stodaG s!ese. e.Ed o!9j^ ap oP!3 :TT eJn8!]
•apeplaA e I[Ano a lazTp ep ODSTI o JaJJOD anb Ja] uno I?DI|durT `sa8n!ugD
je!3jo^!p sou soiue,ije^ap
so t2Ied o}uenb sa}uepuadap so t2It2d oiuei `o?5t3Jadroal v .soDupadsa a oue3 epeu ieze] soiu!n8esuoD o§N„
satHt3|ap opue|aAel a8n!ugD o Jt3o8eur Jalenb o¥u uepod ulgqule} sa|E :ie8nruo3 eiiuo8ja^
•sopt?uopuequ ueJas ep opaur urg| st?ur `urgn8uTu sTeur leue8ue ul3u lt}
-ueur lelanb .o¥u urapod o?5t?Jedroal ura o?|sa anb sa|uapuadap so
•opupueur gisa epu[e a]uapuadep o anb ula]u3s a `„6t2pol eH91SH iue!3ueis!p 3s no
sagssn3s!p 'sE8!jq e sosaid lug.u s!ese.
ep leqt2s noA ne enb g opueno,, It?|un8Jad as t2 re5auroD apod a8n!ugD o
•sasaur no st3ueuras `setp lt2Iourap apod osseDold o .oDnod urn speur ure]
-UOD `t2Ioque lo] o¥u e8n{ugD o es .o¥5eer e laA I?Jt2d ilreJedse a I?H91SFT ep
ope!3!^ no a}uE]s!p `o^!soidxe a8nrug3
apedureiucosa|H.apeplaAt?It?iuco,,t3tt?sue,,sazaAst?itnurod"8oul!mo o eujoi anb oi|ipe8 o a]uauje^ou euo!3v
•euo| ¥ Jaqu apt?pJaA t3 as ulauopuequ so sa8nfugD sues anb ulaula| sopno
•o8o| m3qeDp e]t2d zaA Burn ap opru ue!edsap sun8[v .opt?sst?d op oAlsprd
OPEP!^ ope!3!^ no a|ueis!P
-uro3 oiueurequodurco nas ap apedsal a sol!aDled snas e lcoaulol ulaAap no aiue}s!p `jopE|oj|uO9 `jopeioj]uo3 'o^!so|dxa
sTtmxas sa]uepuedep so anb o¥3euno]u[ ap eum|oA o Jt3uFunalep |PH[P I `o^!soidxa e8nrug3 o euJoi
a8nrug3 o euJoi anb oiime8
anb oiiipE8 o EuoPV o aiueiue^ou euo!3V
opvssvd op soiueunlJodunoo so aJqos unsJaa[uoD .I
•so|un! Jt}pue ouroD JTJqoDsap a oiueurI]uassal e el[ elq OPE!3!^ no
a}ueis!p `e^!ej iuoo eJ.U oJ!a®Jed 0
-os st?In8as seslaAuoD Ia] ouroD Iapualde `opt2ssed op stenxes soiueult?I
-IoduroD snas alqos Jt?slaAuoD urt?spald STest3D so `apt3plulHu| JInJ}SuoD
I?led .o}ueurT}uessaJ a I?Aft?I ap so}uaurliuas so leDuaA |pI]Ip a]uauleur
ojia3Jed iun
-aJ]xa as-euJoi `t?pt?|otA eiuaurept}edal g tp5ut?HuoD t2 opueno .o¥5eled uJe aiuepsuo.u! no 3]ua!3suo.1
-roar I?p stcoI]tp sit?ur sa}Ied st3p I?urn 9 apt!p!ulpqu ap ouJo|SueJ| o osnqe iun ap e5uEjquai E Ejed
•sopt2uopuequ ul3Ias ap opaul uloD apeplult}uT ap oiiipe8 ap a^Ies oiniu,ps3 un
odI] assa lt3}uaurTladxa uran8esuoJ o?u sTt3nxes sa|uapuedap so .a}uas
as 9DOA ouroD a esuad 9JOA anb o `apt3pJaA ap g gDOA uranb Jaqes eossad
sopuaop so}uauieuopeiatl
eurn souaur o[ad lt?xlap ap o¥5IsodsTp I?urn ura a epepT|Iquleu|nA un`1
I?D[ldqu apt3PTulT|u| v .,,J.extap aur a Jt?Ipo aul I?III `assaJai|uoD Our 9Do^
as .mos na ouroD It?ulT? aur tt}A urgn8uEu anb,, ulealD anblod apt3plul![i e8n\_ t
epugpuadapo.
-ui ep souloisueJ] uranssod stt?nxas satuapuadap s!est?D sop t7IJOTeur v
ElavalMILNI va vDsnq vN uv H0ISEI ELS elluo8Ja^ elluo8Ja^
NEiAEla slvnxHS SHLNElaNE[dEa SIVSVD Sep!Jaj

-,8n] Sep!JaJ
Osnqv 0Snqv
Sepuaop Sepueop
ouro ap quo! saje!i!iue] se3!iu§u!a seje!|!ule]se3!iugu!a
vrmquoo vp salunuodap soapadsv 1Vnx]s ]iN]aN]d]ao3 ivnx]s ]iN]aN]d]a
s!,,sr,., i ,,,,,, I ,,I ,,,,. )
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aAau ap oDauoq apueJ8 urn ura saila]ue noJOTOD I?sodsa t} `sazn| stz noJ
-npuad op[It2ur o .|t?|eN o I?Ji2d |e|utnb o Jt?JOJap nlppap lest?D urn .aiJe
ap nasnu urn e 1[ gie e5equD-t2Japnb urn Jt3|uoun apsap `t?pt?Jt|suos no
sa[durlslesapodo¥sleATpv.ura}so8sTtmbsepsept?ptApelazt3}t?Iedod
-ula] urn opueledas `reuHdpslp as ult3spald .so]un! Ip]aA!p as ap (urel
~apualde eDunu no) urt3IeDanbse as seiuapuedap e]uaul|tmxas spese3 so
soqun! unnbuquq .€
•soit?I}uoD sessa lt3Joituour aAap Joist}d urn no olIat|psuoD urn `ot|u
ilpt?d urn `sTest?J soJ}no `o¥5t}JadroeJ I?N .Iespald as e8[Jq ep lt3I||al
as apod a olnsas ¥J|]uas as o?u oJTaJlt?d urn `sepe|otA uelo| st318al se
as .I?5auroD I?8tJq e 8nb o]ueurour ou lo8tA ura urt?pus o}t2I}uoD op st?I8
-aJ sv .e5uem8as e g OAT?uD-o}uaulaTa o .t3|sI| I?ns ulaa| aiuaunse|durls
a `,,o]so8 o¥u na anb ap apn|t]e t3uln eJqos g t3]st| essa seur `oure o I?p
-u[e anb I?qlt3s 9DOA anb ospald nH,, no ,,eJOA uroJ o?u `o|uaurt?iJoduroD
nas uroD JeA a ure| I?}st| essH,, `,,oplgAIp o olanb o¥u ne `so}uaulT|uas
snaur sot2 ala]el es eisI| I?SSE,, :ouroD sag5punHe uloD ulepTut `esleAuoD
I?ssaN .t3ut?ulas t2|anbeu urt?It?o8t7ur no ult7It?}TJIT So anb St}sEOD ap t3|slT
I?urn lazt?I urapod `,,I?8Tlq„ e ulaJauloJ anb sa}uv .Jt3slaAuoD I?Jt3d I?ueur
-as epo} odurai urn leledas unapod .soiuaulpues snas Jt?sseJdxa uresp
-aJd I?putt? `a}uauneDTJo}stu souaur o[ad `ure8tlq o?u anb stt3st2D so
•t2ura|qold o laA[osal anb a|uaur
-eTlope8|Jqo Ja] ogu a t3Jou eJ]no I?led I?slaAuoD e lt?Dlt}ulal no stodep
lenu|]uoD a esned t3uln Jezt3] `so|nuTur I?}u[J| anb sit?ur o?u Iod lt?8TJq
ouroD `se}TurtT sun8[t? Ja]uoD epod .so]uaurI]uas snas Jt3ssaldxe ap apt2p
-IaqI| e e\|ua] oJTaDled epeD anb eJt?d I?5ueJn8as laDala]o aAap oit?J|uoD
o .,,e|uetp lod ultsse a se5ueIID st?p a|uaJ] I?u souralt?8Hq o?u `sagJAt2l
-I?d soulalesn o?u `soulaJapua]o sou o¥u sgN,, :oln|n] ou o?IIn8as anb
st318al st3p t3}st| Burn opueze] `oit?JiuoD o JtuHep t3Io8e apod test?D o
•opesst3d ou urelt?\|pe] sTest?D so oiuod anb ura t2utz|ap e|uaueJt3p t2|sH v
•aiuetplodul[ssi2at2pug|apaposnJazT?]`e}|out?pzapst?ps|odepxprDSTp
`st25uepr) stpp a]uaJI t?u Jt3ftyq `sag5t?sroe resn `oiueum8Je nas meAord I?mod
opesst?d op sesTco lapuaJt7eJ `sapIAt2Ted `st2sue}o JTnpul aAap t2isH essE
•seApnJ]sap st2gHq ap seFg]epsa st7p t3}sH I?urn zt?I Test?D o `oJ[aungd
•soulei enb apt3plulpuI IOTeur ep o]e o ]as apod essa `t}In8es eullo] ep
ol]no o uloD t?led I?II souressa].dxa na a I?sodsa ei|u|ur opunmo .|aAppnes
apt3p!ulpuT ap saglpt}d soAou e[JD a st38tJq ap saglped so8pue so I?pnur
ossT lazed .|aAppnes eJ|aueur ap I?AIEJ ens opuessaldxe t3isn! I?urlo] ap
leDqunuloD as urepod ouroD enbtpul enb ,,I?5ut?Insas ep o|el]uoD,, urn
s!,,sin ',.,',,I " ,,,.,
981
uleloqu|a sale anb oAT]uaJu| .I?iso8 ogu slenb sop so|uaunt}]Ioduno; so
alqos a opI}uassal no I?ATt?I unoD ¥|s3 sa|ap urn opuenb ureqTt?s I?p a ep
anb IBx|ap urespaJd sTest?D so `o|IeD 9p o}ueult2uopt?TaJ urn anb tzJed
olu@ur|quassaJ a va[xpJ aJqos
svm8as svsJ@ouoo Ja| u unpusJdv .Z
•apez|ult? e[anbt3p oJning o JTppap t}ssod ale anb t}Jed eDHpadsa apt?pJaA
I? opIlt2ur nag t2 Ie]uoD aAap I?|a `ost?D essaN .opHeur nag ep o8Iure JOHaur
o unoD oseD urn aAa] A]+aq .apt?p!|t?al t2p o?5dcolad tins leisn.fe I?ssod a
I?sn|uoD anbH oqu t}p anb I?J13d t}sodsa I?ns i apt?pJaA e a|uoJ ap anb
oH9]t?8Ilqo a|ueul|t?Ious I .sTodap sopeDad snas IIlqoDua a oAISTnduroD
|t2nxas oiueurt?iloduroD n3s I? o?zt?A It?p ap sapepquJ-odo lpap t3Ied I?sod
-sa I?ns I? st3Ipueul st3IaulpuT no]uoD uIAJt2N .sTaAIssTulsuel] e]uaul|enxas
ST?5ueop seJ|no e sa|v uroD ept2ulult3]uoD opts eIAt}u as Jaqt3s eJt?d eurt?xa
urnassaz[}e|aanbapul[Iet3|at2asseiuoDapenbolxp]t28Ilqoa|uaupeJour
I?Has .t3sodse uns uroD oxas Ja| e tJAtmupuoD `opoIlad oursaur oN .st?|Tup
-sold urco oE5e]old uras oxas ncopeld ale `a]uaupuco o|ad a]ueul.2pldt?I
:A:::I:[]eo#8i¥Heq:]eueunnb;:jse°pTa:A]:d]:}E:o¥¥n:uu°:Js¥ou,:Tas::urun¥=eJa
•opuaDaiuoDtz I?At?]sa a]uaurTeel anb o aJqos sagsn]uoD se8pue aDalt3psa
eta opuenb a st?]IaD sagzel st?|ad t3}|p g appplaA e opuenb I?]|nsal ept7pqu
-pul v .J!und no so|ueurt?]JoduroD a so|uaulpuas lt?|oJ|uoD ep ogu a apt3p
iulpuT e laJa|t7ilol ap oApa[qo o lai alduras aAap ept2plaA e lt?|uoD ,,tlaq
-es olanb na anb lod,, :Jt3}un8Iad es aAep egn!ugD o `|tJnxas a|uapuadap
o JEAno ov ,,£oSs| opue|uoD Ie5ueD|t? oJadsa ne enb o i ossI It3}uoD olanb
na anb lod,, :It2]un8Iad es aAap |tmxas a]uapuadap o `It}|t?I ap sa]uv
•SeHe}ap a Ja|t? es a|uaureIlt?sseDau ulas `ept?p I?s aAep I?AIs[nduroD |tmx
-as I?Dp?Id I?p |ela8 I?lapl euln .IIlqoDsap o?A sa|a anb o opuii3}un8Iad
as I?ptA t3p oisaJ o lesst2d urapod oEu sa8n[ugD so .opn+ JIlqoDsap o?A
sa8n{ugD snas as oput?iun8Iad as seplA sens ap oisel o I.I?sst7d urapod
o¥u sltmxas sa]uapuadep so .apt?pJeA ap "218 o|JeD IaAt2u ospaJd a
•oAI|t?)u[u8Is slt2ur |eIJa]t?u urn I?It?d IEpaJ8oJd apod `It3|t7]
ap ossa3old o uloD apt3iuoA ¥ sleur opuT}uas as TeA |t?seD o euno]uoD a
e]ueDHlu8[suT o¥5euJo]ul I?urn uloJ It?5auroD apod I?DI}?Id v .apt?pJaA p
lazTp e|uauleIJt?[p Jt2DI]t?Id I?speJd |t?st?D uln .urt3suad anb o a ule]ues as
ouloD `o¥s a}uan|t?el sa[a uranb lezTp ap ODSII o JIulnsst? ulappap solIaD
-led stop so opuenb st2uede oppuaA g apepTulpul ap ouJo|suel| o
•ue8ms sa[e oput7nb so]uaulliuas sassa alqos le[e|
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-t}} I?Jt?d as-Ieulaiul nTppap t2sodse ens opuenb apt?paTlqos ep seseur
o}Tozap ep o|Jad op|8upe t2uuT| |t?nxas a|uapuadap urn `o|durexa lod
•opt?5t3aure aiuas as a}ua8Txe o `so]Ial|p snas Japua]ap e t35aur
-oD I?JHtlDt3s es anb I?ossad I? opuenD .apt2}uoA tins lazel Bled [t?pHIDes
ol[aDlt2d o esn I?IDua8Ixa e zt2l anb ol[aDJt3d o .se}un{ ulaAtA anb sa}uap
-uadapoD seossad o¥s sazaA seiTnur sa|uapuadap a}ueul|tmxas s[eseD so
vDNgaNEidElaoD va SvMEITflotld So MOD HvalT
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•apt?plaA ap urt?Ia uranb opues oJino op urn ult?It3inl}sap
`zaA elIaurIld e[ad `t?Ise]uel I?p t3IIa| eu uralt?|sa 3p zeA urE .zels[|es anb
oxas o a oAts|nduroD oxas o aliue I?5uala][p e urt?Jt?|ueurIledxE .I?lJ8e|e
ap ulEleJoap a urelt?5eJqu es sap `oAts|nduroJ o?u oxas ap epug[Jadxe
eltaurTld tzp slodep `enb ass[p Our |t?seJ urn .|t2nxas apt?pturlxp esotIT!A
-I?It?ur eunn eA|oAuasap `st?SIOJ Sessa lt}u|t2quJ] en8esuoD [eseD 0 as
•onipur lazt}Jd leiuaurIJadxa no opIJt3ur nas uroD o|-¥Hplt}duroD
I?ln8asuoD o?u ep `odJOD otldgld nes Jt2]taDe e|uaul|t?u[} t3sodsa I?sse g]v
•oxes la}qo elt?d st3uade opu!iuaur I?Ae]sa ale anb eAt?uDt3 anbJod t2At?lip
-alJe o?u eTa `a|a t3Jed aiuaeJie eJa I?|a anb assasslp ale sazaA st2iuenb
eAe]Iodurt o¥N .eta| a]ueult?D!sH t!puas es anbJod `|enxes a}uapuadep o
`optleur o uloD oxes Jaze] I?Tlanb I?Dunu leurnur t3uln `o|duraxa lod
•sTt?ruFTdsa a stDTSI} `sTeuopoura sapt?p[ssaDau sons ap ueprro aAap urn t2pco
:o?beunl!}e aA|oAue |eossad opeprro o .ol]no o t2ure ourco tHIsse st2ursaur
ts t7 urereure seossad se st?q.ine as lailcoo apod aiuaulos |aA?p"3s Tmxes
oiueureuopt?[aJuln.oLHsaurlsaprep[rot?redJt25Jo7seest3spaJdTt2scoo
•eDngld t3}Tnun ap lt?spaJd apod a `o}ueur|8uel|suo3 a ei|uo8IaA eA|oAue
sezaA st3urn8Tp `ossT JezT?I .eiso8. anb o eJqos Je|el t7Dunu apod a}uapuad
-apoD o .stenxas st3pugra}ald sons lessaldxe t3 Iapualde eAep |eseD o
•eure|qold ap odT} assa uroD Jt?p[[ ouloD
I?qlt3s anb ol!auasuoD urn ap I?pn{e lt3InDold apod [t3seD o `sost3D sasseN
•t}Aplsod Tenxas o?sseJdxa t3 uroD apep|nDHtp I?]!nur Ja} urapod sale `|e
-nxas osnap ap seulp}A urt3{as sollaDJed so soqure anb ap apepT[IquqoJd
apueJ8 t3.[pu anb apsaa .a]uaur|t?nxes leipxa as ep t2ossad e urt3iped
-I?DUE o}saDUT o|ad st?pt3sneD seo8?ur se `o|dulaxa Joc| .soDl89|oDtsd Jag
unapod ulgqule] sa[E .sa]aqe[p I?p sag5t2DHduroD Jod I?pt?sneD Jas apod
I?pug|odur! p `o|dunaxe lod .soDtsH a]ueule|IJ]sa Jas urapod seula|q
-old sassE .aDODaJd o¥5t3|mt3!a no o¥3Iqlu| `t?pug|odurT `|tmxas o?5un]
-slp I?urn urt?|uaurTJadxa sa]uepuedap a|u3ul|enxas slese® sun8|v
s?nsoo outid run.
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laA) apt?pI|enxas alqos solAI| Ia| a soJIeHasuoD a SoJTpgur snas Je}|ns
-UOD uleTJaAap sell .oDlspq |t?nxas o]uaulpeuuoJ ep t2paJt3D `sa|ueJaIlp
solIaDlt2d oof op[| ei|u|] e}uapuedap o anb ure sa|anbt? oursaur `sleseD
sun8[v .st?Dts?q sag5euno]uT seurn8|e Je]qo lespaJd apod |est3D o
•o¥5t?}sl]es slpur lezeJi apod sour `o8tlad a eu[|t3uelpe ap eDalt2D
anblod a]ueipxe o¥] Jas o¥u epod oxas op oiuaurlpira]ue assa `old[D
-ulJd v .soJTeDJed snag lod slen|lJTdse a sit?uoIJoure so}uaulT|uas snag
ep o¥ssaldxa ouroD sltmxas las i2 IapuaJde ulaAap sa]uapuadap so
•[t?nxas Jes ap I?Jor| g o¥u `opaul ulco no opt?|IHT `opt?SueD `oH¥|I[oS
Jpues as a}uepuedap o as .so|uauxpuas snas 3p I?8ng euln ouroD o|-?sn
o¥u a oxes o a|uemp soJTaJlt2d sol|no aJqos lt}[st?]uel ogu opue}euro]d
`soulsaur ts eled sa]prlI| IeJa|aqe}sa unespaJd s[tmxes sa}uapuadep so
•se]Iaueur st?|IeJ ap a st?m8as sag5IpuoD ap ol]uap seuadt} e5aiuoDe oxas
o anb ura8[xe epugu[|squ ap so]t?I|uo® So .I?Puglul eu osnqu o Jt3|uoJI
-uo3 es|]eld a8n{ugJ urn opuenb las apod t}pugupsqe a eled oe[seDo
t?J]no .e|ueur|en|IJTdsa a a|uaul|t?uopoula as-Jel|uco t}Ied seoTseD~6 st?Ii
-no uns as-Ia}squ lelanb epod |13st?D urn `t?mD Ep I?Pt?uno.I e epo| Jod
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anb I?led o]uaurt?uopt3|el op [enxes o?sseld e t3JT]aJ I?IJugu[]Squ V .olIaJ
-led nas Jept?I8t7 ap t?ullo] IOHaur e g aJdues urau oxas o anb Japualde
urt?spald sa8n(ugD so .o¥u no Curt? so a8n{ugD o anb ap JopeDIpuT uln
g o?u oxes o anb JapuaJde urt3speld ulgqulei .apeplsseDau Jolt?ur ens
g oxes o anb ap t}Iepl a Ja|laAal ap ult} e |t?nxas I?pugupsqu ap opoIJad
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-|rmxas slt?st?D so anb seal¥ st?urn8|e st?uadt? soulaJeJe|sap IIn8as v .oJ[a|
-u[ olAH urn aJalaur anb o}unsse urn g oxes op SgAt?J|e apt?PTulput leTID
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ap `oE]ue se5ut3IID sourt?Ig oputmb o3ut?|eq ou lt2DUTlq ep sourt?Ap}so8
0uloD soult2JquraTal na a apa .IIqqusap as e ol]no o leApua3uT eAap urn
se!ap! st?urn8|t? It2iueurIladxa BIT?c| .[t?DIUTurop e|pDse ep se5ueIID st3 (|es
-ee urn ap oseD o |o] ouroD) no so}au snas g]e no so"H snas Jas urapod
st?5ue[ID sv .ureDu|Jq st?5ueIJD se ouroD uelt?Alasqo t} JeDUTJq e lapuelde
uralanb anb slt2st?D so souleLHasuoJe aiueul|eJaD .nourt2 e5uruuTz|A p a
t}]uoD ap ze| ep I?IIa] Burn ura urTplt?! o ult?It?uno]sueJ| se|E .t2Jlapt3ur ap
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-|t?s urapod I?pn!e ap oDnod urn uloJ seur `t?Ip urn urelt?u|8t3unl anb [eap[
|eseD o urauloi es e3unu zaA|t?1 saiuapuedap e}uaur|enxas sit?seD so
•sossal8old alo]luour a sag5n|
-os anblput `o|uaurt?ilo o lazt?I e apn{e so anb olIaDueu!} Io||nsuoD urn
Jt3][s[A Itppap a I?ItaJueu[] apepI|Iqu?|sa la}qo Jalanb apod Test?J un `o|d
-uraxa lod tepn{t3 uloD sopt8uI}e Jes urapod sTeapT anb `a]ueur|t?UIE
•oue8ut?AE oP oJ}s[u[ur urn ap t?5uasald eu sazaA st?urn8|t2
`o|ueult?st?D ap so|oA snas urt?Aoual sa}uapuadep e}uaul|t?nxes s[eseD sol
-[ng^[ .oAI|TSod o?|S[D JOTeA urn g assE i o}ueurt2st2D ou |eH aiuan|t?nxes
Jag e}sl[eeJ I 6sopt?J"?|saJ Jas urepod sTt3ap| anb `Ie8n[ opun8as urE
•,,OIJTt3q oP I?St?D Ior||aur e lai o¥u
sour||Tunad sou sgN,, :Ieztp urepod sit?seD so `o|dunaxe Tod .sopt3|IeD
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ollaurlld ulH :st?}un8Iad sleur leze] uraAap `soursaur o8IsuoD sTt?ulap
sopt2uopdaDap uranbu enb sa}uv .urt?Ie[oIA sale t3|s|| ep sua]l slenb e]
-un8Iad as |t?seD o o?|uE .e|ueTp lod ullsst? a so]teIJad Sor||H `oJ[euuTP
o]Tnur ure| `olJg||npe ulele|euloJ eDunu Sap :|t?apt '|t3st3D o oPuTUHap I?1
-sI| t2uln ulaleze] I? saiuapuadap a]ueur[tmxas slt3SeD So oAI}uaDUT nE
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e 3nb o opni .gazed se assezH no ale uro3 ulasseploDuoD `esst2oplad o
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•st?STOD se le]JaDe opue]uai |os op Jgd op slodap ulaq `a|lou t!p o[eur ou
unt?At38Ilq a uneI]nDs[p `ult3At2|t2| Sa|E .(9z.F ]E) eJl I? alqos Jod as |oS o
lt3xlap eDunu ap I?tapl eu noliuaDuoD as lt?st2D. urn .se}sI|t2el o¥u spis[JJ
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la] ureladsa sun8|v .oiueurt?in( assap sag5t?|oIA sapuel8 urt?iuasaJ.de sa]
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so}IaDt? oEs anb a sa+ueHaulas st3ure|qoJd ult3i]ue| anb sit?st?D IeDaquoJ
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•o¥5t?IadnDal ep ossaDold o lelode o¥u urapod so8Turt? sotHeA a otHtzqt?I|
ap Se8a|oD so `(Sou|H So oulsaur g]t3) I?[Uult?I v .t2}|oA ens ? o¥|se anb
so PIT?d urgqult?1 ? `|est?D o eJed t3uut?J}sa g o?5eJadroel e ouroD utTssv
vuHdnDElu vns vuvd ivlDOs Olodv uvuHdsH
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•ept3uro(epapt3p|roHTpt?ppeulsourcost?ur`osseJt?]]ourcooptapldraiulIes
aAep oar oss| .IaDalt2dt?ar o¥A seglpt?d souHaA so .esormt2Jeur a]uauleiut2i
-suoD o¥sselsord t2urn g o¥u o?5eladroal v .opep[ro a euHdpslp apuers
ap sop!n8as las ulaAap `o]ueut?uopepl oAou urn a apt?ppsauot| t2Aou
I?uln t3}ueuHladxa |t?sco o opuenb `o¥5t?Iadroal ap se|p soJ|auxpd so
•seAou sTeur sapt3pTulI|uT st? anb op `t?Jn8as stt?ur gie a `|t3unou slt?ur JaD
~alt?d apod I?InDno| ess3 sazaA st?urn8[v .saJInbn|eur ap urH uras seuno]
a |tmxas apt2p||Tqluods[puI `ezaIJ} `opugTIs `o[Ig]|npt3 `out?8ua `se8lJq
uroD sopt?zlleI|[ure] urt3Ae}sa sa|E .sagJpt3d so8tiue sot? Jt3]|oA ap oE5e}
-uai e eled st3]Ia|t? Jt?]se ulaAap sa]uapuadap a]uaul|tmxes slest2D so
•sazaA seun8|t3 sale e Jt?i|oA `a|uaulaiuapsuoDUT `sourapod
a Salt?T[Turt?I o¥s sou sale `soA[|"isap saglped souepualdt3 JaDsaD ot3
as .O}105uOD ap SO|Iapu ap St2In|eIJD soulos .sera eled et|ur?I]sa i2s!o®
gum g ossl st?ul `So}uault?uoIJt2|al sues ura apt?p|urpul I?Aou I?urn o?I
-e]uaurIladxa o¥5eJadroeJ ura saiuapuadap e|uaul|t3nxes sTt3st?D so
•appt2s a apt7p[u3Ias `t7!I8a|t? t2znpord anb ousaur
`esoJo[op g `sezaA s¥ `a omp oHeqeJ| ap o}nJ] g t2Jro V .o"equ`P o]Tnur
ura8Ixa a salopt2isnsse o?s `saJe[|tult?I o?s o?N .,,ulaop,, sazaA st?ilnur
st?un `slaA¥pnps sopi3i|nsal uraznpold a loLHeur ult?uopun] slaA¥pnes
st?"oDsa se a soiuaure+JoduroD soAou so .Slut?Haulas o|[nur 9 I?Ire V
•IotHaur epuas as st?un. `IeiJeDe e[n8as
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so opuesn I?Ae]se anb]od opt?uln]soDe tIAeisa o¥N .ulIs anb oJeD .nln8
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e epo] st3Jou st?}Inur t3!aJ8t eu lt?}se e opt?5Io} I?Ia a tt2d nas lod opes
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urn .opesst2d op lop t7p sot-plqula[al apod esoIBTpl t2D|}¥Id ]anb|tmb
ure Jt2dpplt?d `ost?D o lo} assa as .|t?rutlTdse osnap ap t7urt}IA euln las
e[Iepod o]taDled t2peD anb ap sa}uapsuoJ Je}se uraAap SIT?st2D so
•|est7D op Joist?d o no otode ap apal euln `so¥}sTID so8Iure
lod opeJo}Iuour las aAap oit?J]uo3 o .e[uure} ura sit?uopoAap Jazt}} no
soiun! st2In]tDsa se Ja[ e leio `soiun! I?{al8l ? It opuaiaurold `,,|t3n]tltdsa
I?8es„ ap o}t?Jiuoo urn laJaTaqt3]sa apod a}uepuadap a}uaur|tmxas |t?st?D
urn `o?5t3Jadroel t2p oplut oN .|est}J ouloD a|ueur|t3n]tltdsa JaDselJ e
lapualde a soJ[eDled snas e o}ueurpsaD assa Jazt?J| urt?spaJd `aiuaul|e
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EILNHNrlvnLluldsE HEIDSEluD Maaod
SEILNHaNHdEla EILNENlvnxES SlvsvD So
•ulgqult?} saTa t2Jed t2!as anb oJadsa na a urTur I?It?d o¥5ugq
euln g oss| .slt?d snaur uroD Jei etlp`|uos t3Dunu ne anb st2ssa seslaAuoD
•sou[g sossou uloD st2sotHIAt?Jeur st2sleAuoD soula] na a apa `a!oH
•o¥5ugq apueJ8 t3urn opts e[Ia] [aA?pnes
t}IIeueur ap sap uloD It?pT| ouroD urelqu?s anb a solJa urelaiauro3 sit?d
soIldgJd sneur enb Jaqes .st?]n| el|qu anb oDqu o I?Ja o¥u ne anb assaq
-mos as oIlg|[[os souaur opt]uas aur I?|Ie| na anb g e|sodsaJ t3uutN .Sou
-Our no s[t}ur eIlt?][edsaJ so na `sapep|roHTp st?ns ap o]tadsal e o8turoD
so}sauou las op[`||oDsa urassaAp stt?d snaur so as taiun8Jad Our p{ nE
•]t!T|[urt3] I?ura}sTs urn uno t3pt!Iapnb g o¥s
induroDapetapt3De`sopt?§nquuelaslptunado¥uasTaA¥pnesst3uoDsa
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•o}sn!u! oiuaurt?]eJi asse uraDaJaur o¥u anb a sopeure o¥s se|a anb souTH
sop Jt3J]sour ulgqurt3i epod a¥ur p no Ted o .o]ueurt?}JoduroD nes Tod
apt?pt[[qusuodsal a ulaJ[ulnsse a so"H so ult?utsua sTt?d so `ultssv
• ,,IeslaAuoJ souleA a ultur t7 a}ueurt?}alTp ei|uaA `IOAt3}
Tod `eisn! ? o¥u anb 9DOA uloD I?stoD eurn8|e opuaze] noisa anb I[]uas
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ula t2ATt3I p [an8o! a t3p|A I?i|ngur t2u seura|qold sun8Te opuaA|osa] no|sE
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¥p spenxas sopeDad ap quedser e scoueJ} Ias .se|a urco soisauqu ulalo} sped
so as seA[suaardurco a sTaAptau aiueureurapxa las e urapua| se5unapD Sv
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no e[|edura la|qo I?led so}ueulT]uas snas Jt?"[}JeduroD uraAap OEN .sol
-uaulpues snas lessaldxa ounoD alqos se5ueIID se I?It3d o|duraxa lt?p ult?s
-peJd saiuepuadep aiuaul|enxas slest?D so `se5ueIID s¥ JeDIunuloD ov
•esco eAou I?uln eled Jtapnun as no reiuenba+I anb o?Jet anb scorn
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?}sa anb o sa|dngs sourla] ue Jquco elt?d I?THul¥] ura sagTunel Iazt2] uraA
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a so}un{ IaDaueunl?d ue.[asap sTed so anb laqt?s uespaJd squ[g so `sopo|
anb op speN .o]uauest3D op elo] spenxas soiueunprodunco so ledurolla]u!
JTn8asuoD oqu g |t?nxas o¥s[ndurco e anb a penxes o?s|ndurco I?p ura]t2Iad
-roerest?medt?pn[eopuemDoldo?]sea¥urealedoanbJaqt?suraAapsqu[!]
so `apt?pl t3p opuapuedeG ,,£sor|TH sou JazTp souraAap enb o,, :? ulezt2] sol
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vuElalsNOD MEI SoHilH So UVAET MHAEla
sE[LNEaNE[dEla EILNEINivnxEs slvsvD so
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lepuoDua urapod S|t2st3D so `st7ossad stapno ap o[ode o a snea ap t3pn.fe e
uloD .st2pt}mD Ias urapod opessed op st?pTla] sv .ossaDns ap I?5ueJadsa
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ap J[t3s anb lapua|ua a|ue|lodur[ g `oiue|ua oN .o|uault2uope|al op t2Jro
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espeld |enxes a}uepuedep urn g]v .o]ueureuopt?[al o lpxtap urt?spald
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I?uln zt3IL .I?pHuassal Jt?DH apod ep I?|ildurnD BIT?d IIes na oputmb `ai
-uaurt?ia|duroD t25t?Jqu p ogu qeG a tqulur e oJsnq na as .SegsIATP `a]
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opt2ulexp op o¥sIA Burn ura] qec[ a opt?uneap naur op o¥sIA I?urn oqu
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•snaa ep epn{e e uras ulnquau Japod urg} ogu se|E
v!aR? vp •o|sIID e o]u`aurt?seJ nes J3|eulqns ulaAap t3sodse p a opIlpun o .€
•sneG a (I?|a no) e|a eJ|ue
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•o}sID a urn t3peD ap I?PIA a le8aJ}ua uleAap esodse e e opIJt?ur o .z
:snaa e sepIA sons la]aulqns ulaAap t3sodsa e a opTJeur o .I
:og5Tpuel ap sole see pu opuenb leDa]uoDe apod
o|t?J}uoJ |t}| .og5eJope ep apt?pTunuroJ I?urn ap Jedpl|Jed a st?In][Dsa
se lepn]sa `so}un{ It?Io ap osslunolduroD o e |t?n|IJ-Idse t3uI|dpsTp IInpul
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snag zt?]aJ aiuaul|epHo Test?D urn `oioA asse Jt3|as eJed `sazeA seurn8|v
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ap sape|al so sopo} Ie8psaAu! t3speld o¥5t2u!urouep no I?.[al8I t2uln
•t?pn!t3 o¥Ia]qo anb e so]TaDe ogs sag5dcolad st?ns
a o|e|al nes anb JTAno unt3spaJd seul[}}A sv .I?|a I?It3d Tear ulaq las apod
`t?pemot7 a}uault2IIa]ut t2(as o¥u o¥5deDJed essa anb oursa|^| .t3ulIiIA I?p
t?APDadslad ep so]e] sop o¥5dcoled I? g oitp lo] anb o anb ap as-aJqura|
•solel oEs ulIsst? soseD anb urt?IIlqoDsap selopeslnbsed `apeplaA e I?pot
I?}uoD o?u t3urpIA t2 anb ula sost2D e!eu t2JoqurE .I?urpIA I?u le|IpaJJt7 9
`eiuaur|t?p[uT souaur o|ad `ossaDOJd ou oDplm sTt?ur o|ueula|a o
•st2uuTzos e|-pJroold ap st?5Io] urei|uai o¥u zaA|t2i .[aApr
-ods|p ¥isa epn[e e anb a st?Insas og|se anb leqt?s unt3spaJd st}urpIA sv
•apt7p| ap loueur lol I?urpIA p as e|ueurlt?|roI]it2d `o?5aloJd ap so|uaullp
-eDold J[n8as eJed sopeuTaJ| Ias uleAea .osnqu o alqos sa"e]ap no|aA
-a] I?ulpIA t2 uranb e st7ossad seJIaurprd st? Ias urapod selosualep so
•|adt?d essa ure`|ueduresap anb st?os
-sad uranssod e!ou s395t?uTunouap st3II?A .eulpIA t3 uroJ ept}drmoald Cos
-sad t3urn no opt28oApt3 urn `olIeuresuoD urn les apod losua]ap uln
•o[-9|qo I?led t2JIcoueu[l t2pug]s[sst? ap a o}uault3u|asuoDe ap
apeptssaDau ens lt?ssaJdxa t2 el-ppn!e apod losua]ap o .napuea]duroD a
nTAno t? t7uxpIA t2 anb ap I?DHplaD as a t2.[aJ-8I I?p eisodsaJ e aAno Josua}ap
o .So|t?I so ltJlt3pap I? I?ulHIA e lepn{e e e!eJBI t2p seJap}[ so uloD sagTu
-nal s€ t}ulI]IA e lei|ueduroDt3 apod Josua}ap o .o}uauletITasuoDt? I?qaDaJ
ul9qure} a `oIJgs I? t?pt?Aa[ a I?p|Ano eras t3ulI}IA a anb ap as~IeDHplaD g Ios
-ue]ap op e]aJe] v .urro ap ossaDold ou ulaI|!xne st? anb salosualep ep
urespeld `Iop ens lcoai|ucoal t2 urt?5auroD st?ulp}A se anb I?plpaur v
'01t?J OP Ielqulal
as urau urepod `st?soJo[op a st?AIsnqu a}uaurt?ulaJ]xa sag5en|Ts seurn8
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lalanb o¥u t3Jt3d sagzel Jet a a}ut}]Jodur[ o?| [o] o?u o|el o anb ltzuDe
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odnl8 assep solqulaur so `t2JlapeplaA I?IJ9]sFT e ulaJ|Ano ap s[odaa .op
-pa|uoDp a|uaullt?el e\|u[} enb o urelaqnos o¥5t38aJ8uoD ep solquleur so
slt?urof soe no8auD t}pI}ou a opuenb atuauros .nossaDOJd o st?ult|IA stms
ap t?urn `epJt2] s!eur sour alas .I?8pue ep IIpedsap as uses t2{el8l epno
t}It?d [o] Io]st?d o 'aplei s[eN .o¥5t?8aJ8uoD e lt3uno]ut ulas oiuault2]eli
ap opuaD uln e urt?JelAua o osnqu op o}ueurpapuoD ult3i|u[] enb I?.fel8I
t2p salapIT so a Souquaur ap opt2snqu equp lo}st3d o .t2pe]eJi lo| Io}st2d-
-xa op |tmxas t2]npuoD ?ur t2 anb uroD I?ullo] e uro3 st2pt?II e}uault2ulal}xe
uleAt3|sa anb I?bJ8I I?uln ap st?ossad ap od"8 urn uroD oJ}uoDua urn SAIL
SONVZIININIIN IqEIN SOINVDEN OVN SON
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saJeu!ur ure st?II¥punJes seulpIA ap sagulur opt}sneD urg] anb |tmxas
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so|seuou Jas sourespeJd opn| ap eulpv .oE5IpeJ| a lt?Jqanb anb souraJ
-a} `|tmxas I?inpuoJ pul ep st?pTJa] sop t3m3 e soulJaJala}o I?It?d .,,Iazt?I
ureAep so¥ts[JD so anb urlsse I .I?5anbsa a aopled„ :JazTp urapod soJ|no
•,,Jotst?d assau oEu` `snaG ura gI I?ns anbo|oD,, :I?{al8[ t3p solqueur soe
lazlp unapod seossad st?urn8|e `eiuaul|enxas I?Dad Jo|st?d o opuenD
•snaa ure aAIsnpuI `uln lanb|t3nb ura lt}uuoD
ap t!ossad e|anbep apeppedeD ¥ opueurap ouep urn JaAt?u apod `apgd
-sa lanb|enb ep esongun3Dad |tmxas apep|Al|e Clad t7pleJ| g I?|a opueno
•Ioist2d assap o|durexa a oi|unura]sei ou Jesnodel apod g} tins ap t25Jo]
V .JapI[ 0 no JO|ST3d o ulepai|uoD enb |t?Jot apt?plunuroD ep solqur3ur
les urapod urgqurEL .JapI[ ou no Jo|st?d ou |en]tJ!dse e5ueHuoD ens urRI
-eDo|oD enb o?5e8al8uoD t3p solquraur so o¥S SeII?punDas SeurT|}A Sv
s.9'!i:I?`p`unroas svunprxp sop opunp!;nD
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o¥5euno]uT I?tlnur JInpuT aAap odp assep t3AT]t?plut JanbTeno .s[aAPP
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o}uaunTpaDOJd essE .|t2DTululoa I?|oDSE I?p sour solIaurIld sou opue5eur
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vAILNEAHud ov5vDnaH HHDEuHdo
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s!eur o¥5emt3isal ap so]uaulour sop urn ap es-t!it?J} anb Jt}unlHe ossod a
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lt2opled a lt?iuolIuoD Jalanb urapod `sost?D soJt?I uns `no .e!aJBI I?p o¥p
-lad o IIpad a osoloure ost2D ou a}It?d t}ns Il]Iulpp I:eJanb urapod sa|ueA
iAalqos so `st?pt?d[m a]ueur|epJt?d uralo] st2p as .st?pt?I|puoDal Jes a
lt?]|oA oEle{asap `e[aJBI I?p epugpt?d e uralt?|ueurIJadxa st?urI]IA st2 as
•t}ulT|}A I? I?Jt2d I?mD ap odura} urn oulo3 st?ur `|eni[I[dse ezanbt3I]
ap |euls ouroJ o¥u `odunai asse laA urt?spaJd soE}sTJD so .odura] urn8|e
lod t3[a]8[ ep lt2]st?Ie as lt?spald urapod |t?Jo]sed osnqu op st3urp}A sv
uvlTIDNODEH Eis v oLsodsla v
•t2TP ept3D e ogJt?iuaul"? apeptuaJes e a zt3d
e stzur `soue leAe[ apod og5t?IadroaJ v .ula]!ssaDau anb ap so}unsse soli
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ls ap Jt?pTro a ,,o¥u,, JazTp `sa}[ulT| JeDa[eqe|sa ap apt?Ppt?dt?D I? ulg} Sa[E
•sepIA st?Ildgld stms elqos lepod urg| anb uraqt?s sa|uaAIAaJqos so
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`t}AIt}I uloD ulalaAT}se o]uenbua anb opuT]uas `eAIel ¥ seseJd uleDH st?ur
-IiIA st?]In]^[ .essaJdxe 3iuault?AT]nJ]suoD Jag eAep osnqu o[ad t2AleJ V
•a}uapHns og5e|uoJ}uoD Ies
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oursaur no oilad Tod sleur ¥isa o?u lopesnqu o as .Iopesnap o a|uoll
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opt?Jqula| g anb o anb eDHIugTs Je]IaDv .so|uaAa so lepJODal I?It?d `sout?
oEu as `sasaur leAa| urapod eTdt?J3| ula st?ulI}IA sv .a]uapsuoD aiuaur
p slaAIuods[p a|uaurt?iuold o?]sa oEu `st2solo|op 3|uault?ural|xa zaATt?i
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ouroD seossad s? JezTp aAap t2{aJ8t v .seTJ?punoas a seTI¥urTJd seulT|IA se
t2It?d t2pn{t2 ¥IaDaulol t2!al8t e anb t2DHEu8Is ulgqurt2] opue|TS 0 Jt3Japno
svun?+}oL sv vrod sosmoai ap visn vunn JaoaJafo .9
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-uaDt3d ep lt3spald lt2A anb `Jo|sed oAou assE .sagtunaJ sop I?Io] sodnl8
souanbad ura o}uaurt?uTT|It?duroD a o]uaurt?t||esuoDt? ep Segssas st2|Tnur
I?It?d opt?It2deld lt?}sa I?spald oAIsnqu Jo]st2d o I[n]T]sqns anb Jo]st3d o
oi?rfuoo a soiuauntiuas so unoo ron and og5?sodsxp
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so sopo] ap emD ap ossaDold o aJqos sopt?zI|t!rue Jas urapod sa|a eullo]
esseG .t2.[eJBI I?p soJqulaur so uroJ saJe|n8aJ so|t?AJe|uT ula sag[unaJ JaA
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ou ot3Iunal Burn en`b urt2DHTu8Ts so|qTP a Sopt2Plt3|al So}u3ulT|ues
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st7in| urelaAp e[Tqlq eu st3ossad st?J]no a 9| anb JeJqura| souleAap `g] ap
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-e|[nsal ouroD gI t3ns aJqos septAPp o¥Ia] t2!aJBT t2P SoJqunaur SoJ|no
•oA|]npsuoD Opour ap e]!aj las eAep st?ur
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le8[n[ o¥u a so}uaurpues sues urassaldxa seossad st? anb II}TurJad oAua!
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soil?p ureq sa}tulI| uroD seDHqpd sagIunal Jt2zTut?8Io ospald I .I?(aJ8[
eu s39sTATP Jt2sneD apod oSs| .Sopt?JI o|!nur urt?Jt?DH soJqueur`sun8lv
sopvproi@i fas unpod
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Jt?|el e urgn8utu lt?5Io} souleAap t2DunN .se|ap eL||o3sa t2urn g a]uaului
-IaD t?SSE .st}ura|qo]d so lelt3Dua o?It3!esap o?u st2ossad st3urn8|v .sti(.)
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I?Ano oleA o¥5eu[urouep ep Jo]st?d urn `|euH ogtunal I?N .o¥5t}n|TS I?
a]uaurt?]Jaap ult?JT]nDSTp a souenbad sodnl8 ura ulelIPIA[p es st?ossad
se `t2pun8as I?N .o¥5euEurouap e a lo]sed o urelessaDOJd seurI]IA st7II?A
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o `eJIaur[Id I?N .st?DI|qud sagTuneJ sgr] ep allgs I?urn ntznpuoD o?5e8
-aJ8uoD euln .a|ep lt?|t3} JTAno es stt3ur I?Junu I?Jt?d I?5aledesep lo]st?d o
anb I[]IurJad eAap as o?N .so]uaulpe}uoDe so alqos sag5ezT|en]e JaqaD
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as uleAap solqulaur so .naJa]uoDe anb o alqos ura|el e ulal|uoDua as st3
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svo?laud saQqunaJ A?znpuoD .i
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ap so}uaur[]uas snas elqos le|el t3 sope.feJODua Jas ureAep solqueur so
i@oLppnus oxpaunwi ap unaroxpf o
n!ai8? vp soJquaun so roapluaou| .a
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eAap o¥5t?Jepap v .elplur e elt?d `sose® sun8|e ule `e solqulaur so sopo}
a eplnqTI]slp I?{as enb oi[JDsa lod o?5elt?pep Burn I?Ia| as enb opuauloD
•aH .|t2Ia8 ura so]e] sop ezaln]eu e o¥5u8al8uoD ¥ Iodxa eAep op[L||oD
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{)8uturop olIaurIld oN .apepJaA e Je}uo3 t2DHtu8Ts opug|TS o It7Japno
aquaunxp?paun? apvpAaa V rmluoD .I
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tt!.5t?8aJ8uoD v .oppa]uoJe a]uaul|eaJ eIlai anb op e]t?qap ou opT]It7d
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•opeuopuequ sou uralai sale lod eAIt?I uroD `sazaA s? `soult?DH `aDa|t2]
opIlenb a}ua urn opuenD .BIT I?sua|ul ap ase] tzuln Jas epod t2ssE
•aulo}al Io}sed o anb ap olasue o a I?Dsnq t2 g t3ssH .o|t?I o alqos
sopt}ue8ue sopoi ult3At?isa I?Iplur e a s[t?d snas `sou!uaur so `t?Tap sot||o
sov .I?tapt2D I?u assaAt]sa Jo}st?d o anb epule `oppa]uoDe assaAp ossT anb
le]IpaDe e I?At3sroal as I?!al8I I?p laLHnur I?uln .souTilaur zap soueur o[ad
uroJ slenxas so|uault?uopt?|al opp t3qup t2!al8T t2urn ap Jo]st?d urn
•oppa|uoJe Ja] apod oEu o?5t}n]Ts e ouroD aJqos sept?I:oqe|a
st3Ist3]ue] It?[ID a e5aueuned loist?d nes anb le.[esap a nossed anb o opn]
a}uaurt?pldi2] ulaq 13Danbsa ulapod .io|spd nas ap I?||oA I?|ad lpTsue a lt?I
-nJOJd ureDaJt?d sag5t38aJ8uoD st? `eullol I?urseur I?a .It?]TOA essod ale `a]
-ueurt?8pue urt?Ia ouroD st3sloD se opuex[ap `anb opueladsa `o}Ienb n5s
ura esloD I?urns[e lt?pnur a sou-oult3sn3aE .a|a lod Soult?JnJold .a}|oA
ap anb sourt2.[asap `opHanb a]ue uln souraplad oputmb `sazaA st?urn8|v
opuv?sun a opuvosnq .a
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soiuauFTuas snes urt?Jla|ue `opt7}|nsaJ ouloD .sag5oura st?ns IT|Turpe ap
apt?P[roU[P ulg} SaTa `SoJn|t?urI JaDeJt?d JaJanb ules ,,to?|sID uloq urn
mos oEu na anb eDHfu8Is oss|,, :seunsaur ts e lt2|un8Iad unapod st?ossad
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t2 opue]uan8e pisa enb t2sued anb o?5t?8al8uoD euln .ulaq o|tnur opn]
opueilodns o?]se seossad se enb aDalt3d anb g ast?I essap o8Ilad o
•|aA?]Iodnsu[ Ias apod lop t} I?Ioia}oJd I?ptpaur t3ssa ulas .seg5
-oula se I?8T|sap a a|opuoJ o aulnsst? aiuaur I? anb I?sua|ut oE] Jes apod
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vtxpde a @nbow .I
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a[a anb setJo8a]eD ol|tmb sv .sot|TH snas urelaplad anb sa?ur se urt?s
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