A 

calculation is a deliberate mathematical process that transforms one or more

inputs into one or more outputs or results. The term is used in a variety of
senses, from the very definite arithmetical calculation of using an algorithm, to
the vague heuristics of calculating a strategy in a competition, or calculating the
chance of a successful relationship between two people.
For example, multiplying 7 by 6 is a simple algorithmic calculation. Extracting
the square root or the cube root of a number using mathematical models is a
more complex algorithmic calculation.
Statistical estimations of the likely election results from opinion polls also
involve algorithmic calculations, but produces ranges of possibilities rather than
exact answers.
To calculate means to determine mathematically in the case of a number or
amount, or in the case of an abstract problem to deduce the answer
using logic, reason or common sense.[1] The English word derives from
the Latin calculus, which originally meant a small stone in the gall-bladder
(from Latin calx). It also meant a pebble used for calculating, or a small stone
used as a counter in an abacus (Latin abacus, Greek abax). The abacus was an
instrument used by Greeks and Romans for arithmetic calculations, preceding
the slide-rule and the electronic calculator, and consisted of perforated pebbles
sliding on iron bars.