Professional Documents
Culture Documents
taken for granted. Only when a problem arise Pelvic floor , Vagina, urethra, and rectum
do most people become aware of their urinary
URINATION- Known also as MICTURITION and
habits and any associated symptoms
VOIDING
Urinary Elimination – is essential to health and
-Refers to process of emptying the bladder
voiding can be postponed for only so long
before the urge normally becomes too great to -Urge to void happens when adult bladder
control. contains 250mL and 450mL of urine and in
children 50-200mL
PHYSIOLOGY OF URINARY ELIMINATION
Older adults whose cognition is impaired may
Depends on effective functioning of:
not be aware of the need to urinate or able to
Upper urinary tract respond to this urge by seeking toilet facilities.
Kidney,
FACTORS AFFECTING VOIDING
Ureters
Lower urinary tract 1. Developmental Factors
Bladder
urethra, INFANTS –urinates more or less 20
pelvic floor times a day odorless and colorless
Cardiovascular System PRESCHOOLERS – independent toileting
Nervous System at this stage child is taught to wipe from
front to back to prevent infection.
Everyday our kidneys process around 200 liters SCHOOL AGE – child urinates 6 to 8
of blood and around 1 to 2 liters of waste is times a day. Enuresis – involuntary
removed as urine. passing of urine. Nocturnal Enuresis
Nephron – functional unit of the kidney, urine is (bed wetting) – involuntary passing of
formed here. urine during sleep.
Older adults – excretory function
Glomerulus – fluids and solutes move across decrease, older adults arise during the
endothelium of capillaries into the capsule night to void (nocturnal frequency) and
retention of residual urine. Predisposing
Bowman’s capsule – filtrate moves from here
to bladder infections.
into the tubule of the nephron.
2. Psychosocial Factors
Proximal convoluted tubule – most of the
water and electrolytes reabsorbed Set conditions, like privacy, normal
conditions, sufficient time and running
Ureters -25-30 cm long and 1.25 cm in diameter
water helps stimulate the micturition reflex
Upper end funnel shaped, enters kidney
Voluntary suppression of urination due to
Lower end enters bladder at posterior the time pressure, may increase UTI
BROWN URINE
BLUE/GREEN URINE
CLOUDY URINE