P301 (Group 5)

Members:
Dizon, Joelle Eunice
Galang, Trisha May
Miranda, Dafny Ann
Pineda, Marjorie
Tinte, Ghislaine Linney

Assignment #2: Psychoactive Drug and its Effects

Name of Disorder: Social Anxiety Disorder

Drug Name Description Administration Drug Neurotrans Behavioral Effects

Effects mitter

Paroxetine: Is a type of Tablets, Antagonists Serotonin - Increasing our appetite,

Paxil antidepressant, it is also Capsules & energy level, mood, and
Seroxat known as Selective Suspension sleep quality.
Serotonin Reuptake - Lessening our
Inhibitor (SSRI). (4-6 weeks to engagement towards
fully work) repetitive behavior.
This is used to treat - Sexual issues & feeling
people with anxiety, Tablets dosages sick are common.
panic attacks, 10mg & 20 mg
depression, OCD & once a day taken
PTSD. Enhancing the in morning.
brain’s natural chemical
serotonin and maintain Capsules
 mental balance. dosages
12.5mg once a
day taken in
morning.

Suspension
dosages
10 mg (5mL) &
20mg (10mL)
once a day taken
every morning.

Propranolol Is a beta blocker that is Tablets & Oral Antagonists Norepinephri - Reducing blood
used for treating a capsules ne pressure, heart rate and
variety of diseases, strain on the heart.
including tremors, (2-4 times daily - Dizziness
irregular heartbeats & before meal & - Tiredness
high blood pressure. bed) - Difficulties of sleeping
Which is sometimes
used in treating certain Tablets dosages
symptoms of social 10mg, 40mg,
anxiety disorder. 80mg or 160mg

Oral Capsules
dosages
5mg, 10mg,
40mg, 50mg in
5ml
Benzodiazepin A benzodiazepine that is Oral Tablet Form Agonists GABA - Drowsiness
es: commonly used to treat - Fatigue
panic disorder but can 0.25–0.5 mg - Slurred speech
Alprazolam also be effective in three times daily - Mood changes
(Xanax) treating social anxiety - Blurred vision
disorder. (A doctor may - Loss of balance
increase a
Benzodiazepines work person’s dose to
by enhancing the effect 4 mg daily in
of a neurotransmitter divided doses.)
known as gamma-
aminobutyric acid, or
GABA. It binds to GABA
receptors in the brain to
slow down the central
nervous system and
produce a calming effect
that improves anxiety
symptoms.

Zoloft A prescription-only Available as Antagonists Serotonin - Nausea

(sertraline antidepressant either an oral - Diarrhea
hydrochloride medication that belongs tablet or a liquid - Headache
(HCl) to the class of drugs - Dry mouth
called selective Recommended - Sweating
serotonin reuptake daily dose = 50- - Nervousness
inhibitors (SSRIs). It 200 mg; initial - Feeling restless
works by blocking the daily dose = 25 - Fatigue
removal of serotonin mg - Insomnia or trouble
from the brain which sleeping
then increases serotonin - Sexual dysfunction
 levels and helps balance
chemicals in the brain
that can affect our mood.

Venlafaxine A class of Available as a Antagonists Serotonin - Mood and energy may

antidepressants known tablet or oral be boosted
as serotonin and extended- Norepinephri - Might also help the
noradrenaline reuptake release capsule. ne patient to regain interest
inhibitors, or SNRIs, in day-to-day activities.
includes venlafaxine. It The tablet is often - Lessen anxiety, worry,
is believed to function by taken with food unwelcome thoughts, and
raising the brain's two or three times panic attacks.
concentrations of the per day.
mood-enhancing
neurotransmitters The extended-
serotonin and release capsule is
noradrenaline. It's used typically taken
to treat anxiety, panic once daily, with or
attacks, and sometimes without food, in
depression. the morning or
evening. Take
venlafaxine every
day at around the
same time(s).

Escitalopram Escitalopram is an SSRI Adults as well as Antagonists Serotonin - It may take up to four
antidepressant, or children aged 12 weeks for a patient to
selective serotonin and above should start feeling the effects of
reuptake inhibitor. Adult take 10 mg once escitalopram.
patients with depression a day, either in - The patient may notice
and anxiety disorders the morning or that their appetite, sleep,
(including generalized the evening. If and concentration are all
 anxiety disorder, social necessary, your improving before they
anxiety disorder, panic doctor might notice any changes in
disorder, and obsessive- change your their moods and
compulsive disorder) are dose. The dosage emotions.
treated with it. is typically no
greater than 20
mg per day,
though. Elderly
adults: 10 mg
once daily, in the
morning or the
evening.

Fluvoxamine The Food and Drug The suggested Agonists Serotonin - Gastrointestinal
CR (Luvox CR) Administration (FDA) starting dose of disturbances, including
has approved the use of Luvox is 50 mg, nausea, vomiting,
this medication for the administered at indigestion, diarrhea, or
treatment of Obsessive- bedtime. In loose stools, are the most
compulsive disorder weekly often reported side effects
(OCD) and social increments of 25– of taking Luvox. Other
anxiety disorder.As a 50 mg, the dose frequent adverse effects
serotonin-specific is increased. An include jitteriness,
medication, Luvox individual anxiety, and difficulty
elevates serotonin levels shouldn’t take sleeping. On rare
in the brain by more than 300 occasions, people may
preventing the mg per day at experience headaches,
neurotransmitter's one time. If the drowsiness, and
reuptake into brain cells. recommended excessive perspiration.
Serotonin levels are daily dose is
thought to be raised by higher than 100
Luvox and other mg, Luvox should
selective serotonin be taken twice a
 reuptake inhibitors day, either in
(SSRIs), which may aid equally divided
in reestablishing normal doses or with the
function in particular larger dose
parts of the brain. administered
before bedtime.
Lower doses (50-
100 mg/day) may
be necessary for
seniors and those
with severe and
chronic illnesses
than for the
ordinary
individual.

Citalopram The antidepressant drug Usually, Agonists Serotonin - Headache, nausea,

(Celexa) citalopram functions in Citalopram is diarrhea, dry mouth,
the brain. Major taken one time increased sweating,
depressive disorder per day with or anxiety, restlessness,
(MDD) can be treated without food. exhaustion, or difficulties
with it. In addition, falling asleep (insomnia).
citalopram may be Patients typically While you continue taking
beneficial when start off on a low the medication, these will
prescribed "off-label" for dose of frequently go better over
social phobia (also medication and the course of the first
labelled as social anxiety gradually week or two.
disorder). This increase it over
medication works by the course of
assisting in the several weeks.
restoration of the
sufficient level of 20 mg to 40 mg
serotonin in the brain, are the range of
one of the body's natural doses that is
substances. typically
administered
once daily. The
highest amount
suggested for
adults older than
60 is 20 mg once
daily. The ideal
dose for an
individual can
only be
determined by a
healthcare
professional.

A dosage spoon
or oral syringe,
which may be
purchased from a
pharmacy, should
be used to
measure the
liquid.

Other
medications that
include
escitalopram
(Lexapro®)
 should not be
taken when an
individual is
taking citalopram.

- Tiredness
Pregabalin Pregabalin capsules and Pregabalin Antagonists GABA - Dizziness
oral solution are used capsules and - Headache
along with other oral solution are - Dry mouth
medications to treat usually taken with - Vomiting
certain types of seizures or without food - Constipation
in adults and children 1 two or three times - Gas
month of age and older. a day. Pregabalin - Bloating
extended-release - ''High'' or elevated mood
Pregabalin is in a class tablets are speech problems
of medications called usually taken - Difficulty concentrating
anticonvulsants. It is a once daily after or paying attention
novel anxiolytic, which an evening meal. - Forgetfulness
appears to be a vowing Take pregabalin - Anxiety
therapy for SAD. at around the - Lack of coordination
same time(s) - Loss of balance or
It works by decreasing every day. unsteadiness
the number of pain - Uncontrollable shaking
signals that are sent out or jerking of a part of the
by damaged nerves in body
the body. - Muscle twitching
- Weakness
- Increased appetite
- Weight gain
- Back pain
 Metoprolol - The main side effects of
Propranolol belongs to a Metoprolol is Antagonists Acetylcholine metoprolol are headaches
group of medicines usually taken and feeling sick, dizzy or
called beta blockers. once or twice a tired. These are usually
day, but mild and only last for a
It's used to treat heart sometimes it's short time.
problems, help with prescribed to be - Stomach pain
anxiety and prevent taken up to 4 - Cold hands or feet
migraines. times a day. - Headaches
Metoprolol is used alone The regular tablet
or in combination with is usually taken
other medications to once or twice a
treat high blood day with meals or
pressure. It also is used immediately after
to prevent angina (chest meals. The
pain) and to improve extended-release
survival after a heart tablet is usually
attack. Metoprolol also is taken once a day.
used in combination with
other medications to
treat heart failure. It
works by relaxing blood
vessels and slowing
heart rate to improve
blood flow and decrease
blood pressure.

REFERENCES:
Celexa Oral: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing - WebMD. (n.d.). https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-
8603/celexa-oral/details
Chew, R.H., Hales, R.E., & Yudofsky, S.C. (2009). What Your Patients Need to Know About Psychiatric Medications, Second
Edition. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Publishing.
Ewumi, O. (2022, August 15). Everything to know about medications for social anxiety.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/best-medication-for-social-anxieTy
Effexor XR Oral: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing - WebMD. (n.d.).
https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-4896/effexor-xr- oral/details#:~:text=Venlafaxine%20is%20used%20to
%20treat,your%20interest%20in%20daily%20living.
Escitalopram (Oral Route). (2023, February 7). https://mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/escitalopram-oral-route/proper-use/drg-
20063707#:~:text=Adults%20and%20children%2012%20years,in%20the%20morning%20or%20evening.
Fowler, C., MD. (2022, September 6). Zoloft (Sertraline HCl): Side Effects, Dosage, & More. K Health.
https://khealth.com/learn/medication/zoloft-sertraline/
How Lexapro (Escitalopram) Works, Benefits & More | hims. (n.d.). Hims. https://www.forhims.com/blog/escitalopram-lexapro-
guide#:~:text=You%20may%20notice%20your%20appetite,your%20depression%20or%20anxiety%20symptoms.
Marks, D. I., Patkar, A. A., Masand, P. S., & Pae, C. (2009). Does Pregabalin Have Neuropsychotropic Effects?: A Short
Perspective. Psychiatry Investigation, 6(2), 55. https://doi.org/10.4306/pi.2009.6.2.55
Mayo Clinic. (2023, February 7). Paroxetine (Oral Route) Proper Use. https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/paroxetine-
oral-route/proper-use/drg-20067632
Metoprolol: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action | DrugBank Online. (n.d.). DrugBank. https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00264
Metoprolol: MedlinePlus Drug Information. (n.d.). https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682864.html#:~:text=How%20should
%20this%20medicine%20be%20used%3F&tex t=Metoprolol%20comes%20as%20a%20tablet,usually%20taken%20once%20a
%20day.
Mithawala, P.K., & Thomas, N.M. (2021, May 14). Managing Social Anxiety Disorder. US Pharmacist.
https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/managing-social-anxiety-disorder
NHS website. (2022, March 8). About paroxetine.nhs.uk. https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/paroxetine/about-paroxetine/
NHS website. (2022, February 10). About venlafaxine. https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/venlafaxine/about-
venlafaxine/#:~:text=Venlafaxine%20is%20from%20of%20a,sometimes%20anxiety%20and%20panic%20attacks.
NHS website. (2023, February 17). Propranolol.nhs.uk.
https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/propranolol/
Nordqvist, J. (2023, January 11). The benefits and risks of benzodiazepines. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/262809
Paroxetine Oral: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing - WebMD. (n.d.).
https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-6969-9095/paroxetine-oral/paroxetine-oral/details#:~:text=Paroxetine%20is
%20known%20as%20a,the%20number%20of%20panic%20attacks.
Paroextine Tablets: Uses & Side Effects | Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.). Cleveland Clinic.
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/19762-paroxetine-tablets
Paroxetine (Oral Route) Side Effects - Mayo Clinic. (n.d.).
https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/paroxetine-oral-route/side-effects/drg-20067632?p=1#:~:text=Paroxetine
%20is%20used%20to%20treat,posttraumatic%20stress%20disorder%20(PTSD).
Pregabalin: MedlinePlus Drug Information. (n.d.). https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a605045.html
Propranolol Oral: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing - WebMD.(n.d.).
https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-10404-9168/propranolol-oral/propranolol-oral/details
Stewart, M. (2022, November 21). Escitalopram for mood and anxiety disorders (Cipralex).
https://patient.info/medicine/escitalopram-for-mood-and-anxiety-disorders-cipralex
The American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists. (2020). Citalopram (Celexa). https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-
Illness/Treatments/Mental-Health-Medications/Types-of-Medication/Citalopram-(Celexa)
Venlafaxine: MedlinePlus Drug Information. (n.d.). https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a694020.html#:~:text=Venlafaxine
%20comes%20as%20a%20tablet,time(s)%20every %20day.
Verma, V., Singh, N., & Jaggi, A. S. (2014). Pregabalin in Neuropathic Pain: Evidences and Possible Mechanisms. Current
Neuropharmacology, 12(1), 44–56. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159x1201140117162802
Website, N. (n.d.). About metoprolol. nhs.uk. https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/metoprolol/about-metoprolol/