Chapter 4: Subject-Verb Agreement

Exercise 1,
1. My parents visit many countries when they travel
Europe.
2. Robert sings when he takes a shower.
3. Chickens, ducks, and turkeys lay eggs.
4. Anna wears gloves on her hands when she works in her garden.
5. She scratches her chin when it itches.

Exercise 2,
1. plural, noun
2. singular, verb
3. plural, noun
4. singular, verb
5. plural, noun

Exercise 3, p.
1. writes/s/
2. robs/z/
3. rugs/z/
4. sleeps/s/
5. locks/s/
6. wishes/az/
7. pages/oz/
8. months/s/

Exercise 4,
1. bushes/az/
2. hats/s/
3. rises/oz/
4. seasons/z/
5. develops/s/
6. touches/az/
7. coughs/s/
8. methods/z/
9. languages/az/

Exercise 5,
1. Cats sleep ... hours
2. shapes . . . sizes
3. practices . .. sentences
4. cafeteria ... serves ... sandwiches
5. teacher . .. encourages
6. coughs . .. sneezes

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Exercise 6,
1. Opera singers sing. An opera singer sings.
2. Teachers teach. A teacher teaches.
3. Butterflies fly. A butterfly flies.
4. Balls bounce. A ball bounces.
5. Doors open and close. A door opens and closes.
6. Mosquito bites itch. A mosquito bite itches.
7. Hungry babies cry. A hungry baby cries.
8. Students ask questions. A student asks questions.
9. Snakes hiss. A snake hisses.
10. Dogs say "arf-arf" in English. A dog says "arf-arf" in English.

Exercise 8,
1. is
2. are
3. astounds
4. are
5. Is
6. Agree
7. Approves
8. Has
9. are….is
10. Is
11. Do
12. Was
13. Were
14. Is
15. is

Exercise 11,
1. is
2. are
3. is
4. are
5. are
6. is
7. are
8. is
9. is
10. has
11. has
12. is
13. are … are
14. are
15. is
16. is

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 17. Do
18. Does
19. we’re
20. was

Exercise 12,
2. are
3. is
4. Are
5. Is
6. Is
7. Is
8. Is
9. Are
10. Are
11. Is
12. Is
13. Are
14. Is
15. Is
16. Is
17. Are
18. Is
19. Is
20. Are

Exercise 14,
1. aren't
2. isn't
3. are
4. is
5. are
6. isn't
7. was
8. is
9. are
10. has been
11. have been

Exercise 15,
1. There are
2. there is
3. There are
4. There is
5. Is there
6. Are there

3
 7. there are
8. Is there

Exercise 17,
1. is
2. is
3. are
4. are
5. Are

Exercise 19,
2. Is
3. Is
4. Seeks
5. Is
6. Are
7. Is
8. Is
9. do
10. are
11. is
12. are
13. is
14. commute
15. is …… isn't it
16. are
17. want
18. depends ……
are ……. have

Exercise 20,
1. The English … are
2. Linguistics is
3. Diabetes is
4. English is
5. are . . . Canadians
6. 70 percent... is ..
7. one percent . .. is
8. is 256
9. The Netherlands is
10. Fish are

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Exercise 22,
1. Are
2. Is
3. Are
4. Are
5. Is
6. Are
7. Is
8. Are
9. Are
10. Is
11. Is
12. is

Exercise 23,
1. His ideas are interesting.
2. Some of the people are friendly.
3. One of the girls is absent.
4. Italian is a Romance language.
5. Two-thirds of the food is gone.
6. The clothes in that store are expensive.
7. The clothing in those stores is inexpensive.
8. Most of the stores in tourist towns are overpriced.

Exercise 24,
1. has
2. is
3. need
4. needs
5. is
6. is
7. is
8. are

Exercise 25,
1. I, are
2. C
3. C
4. I, are
5. C
6. I, has
7. I, work
8. C
9. I, are
10. C
11. C

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 12. I, contain

Exercise 26,
2. are
3. keeps
4. makes
5. is
6. is
7. Does
8. Do
9. is
10. are
11. are
12. Are
13. is
14. is
15. appears
16. are
17. is
18. provides

Exercise 27,
3. A lot of the people in my class work during the day and attend class in the evening.
4. Many of the satellites orbiting the earth are used for communications.
5. (no errors)
6. Studying a foreign language often leads students to learn about the culture of the
countries where it is spoken.
7. One of the most common names for dogs in the United States is "Rover."
8. (No errors)
9. Most of the mountain peaks in the Himalayan Range are covered with snow the year
round.
10. (no errors)
11. Seventy-five percent of the people in New York City live in upstairs apartments, not on
the ground floor.
12. (no errors)
13. Unless there is a profound and extensive reform of government policies in the near
future, the economic conditions in that country will continue to deteriorate.
14. While I was in Paris, some of the best food I found was not at the well-known eating
places but in small out-of-the-way cafés.

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Chaptet (5) Passive

Revise the basics : active and passive

Exercise (II)
1 is spoken.
2 was built.
3 will be opened.
4 is being interviewed.
5 was being watched.
6 has been invited.
7 had been stolen.
8 are asked.
9 was destroyed.
10 will be examined.

Exercise (III)
1 is being repaired.
2 was being followed.
3 were being examined.
4 is being painted.
5 Is being interviewed.
6 is being done.
7 were being translated.
8 is being checked.

Exercise (IV)
1 has not been told.
2 had been lost.
3 had been agreed.
4 has been cancelled.
5 had been arrested.
6 has been hurt.
7 has been found.
8 had been eaten.

Exercise (V)
The expressions can be crossed out in sentences 2,3,5, and 6.

Passive infinitives and -ing forms to be seen; being seen

Exercise (I)
1. He wants to be remembered.
2. She wants to be respected.
3. They want to be elected.
4. She wants to be listened to.

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 5. He wants to be looked at.
6. She doesn't want to be forgotten.
7. He doesn't want to be talked about.
8. She doesn't want to be paid.

Exercise (II)
1. She can't be criticized.
2. This mustn't be folded.
3. This should be kept cool.
4. Ann ought to be told.
5. He may be invited.
6. This can't be sent through the post.
7. This should be opened immediately.
8. This mustn't be opened before Christmas.

Passive: verbs with two objects Susan was given a prize.

Exercise (I)
1. We were brought papers to sign.
2. Henry was given a clock when he retired.
3. The children were read stories.
4. I'm owed £5,000.
5. I've been offered a new job.
6. We are taught French by Mrs. Lee.
7. I've been lent a car for the week.
8. We were promised a full explanation.
9. I was told a lot of lies by the secretary.
10. I am often sent presents by my children.

Exercise (II)
1. All the passengers were given meal tickets.
2. Meal tickets were given to all the passengers.
3. The plans for the new building have been shown to Ellen.
4. Ellen has been shown the plans for the new building.
5. All the office workers have been promised a week's holiday.
6. A week's holiday has been promised to all the office workers.
7. A bill for the repairs was sent to Laura.
8. Laura was sent a bill for the repairs.
9. All the facts were not told to the police,
10. The police were not told all the facts.

Prepositions with passives Ted likes being read to.

Exercise (I)
1. read/talked to
2. talked/spoken about
3. spoken/talked to,
4. slept in.

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 5. sat in/on.
6. paid for.
7. heard of
8. played with. / talked to
9. looked at. / spoken to. / talked to.
10. shouted at

Exercise (II)
(Possible answers)
Who was electricity discovered by?
Who was the film The Birds directed by?
Who was the novel Anna Karenina written by?
Who was Hamlet written by?
Who was Happy Birthday to You composed by?
Who was penicillin discovered by?
Who was radio invented by?
Who was television invented by?
Who was the Eiffel Tower built by?
Who was the Taj Mahal built by?
Who was the Mona Lisa painted by?
Who was the planet Neptune discovered by?
Who was Antarctica discovered by?
Who was the film Casablanca directed by?

Reasons for using passives

Exercise (1)

1. Polly's mother made this sweater.

This sweater was made by Polly's mother.
2. Carla paid the electricity bill last week.
The electricity bill was paid by Carla last week.
3. The first television was built by J. L. Baird in 1924. J. L. Baird built the first television in
1924.

Exercise (2)
1. B
2. B
3. A
4. B
5. A

Passives: more practice

Exercise (1)
1 X
2 √

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 3 √
4 X
5 X
6 X
7 X
8 √
9 X
10 X

Exercise (2)
(possible answers)
The houseboats have been turned into floating restaurants.
The Super Cinema has been turned into a casino.
A new car park has been built.
New schools have been built.
The old fire station has been turned into a supermarket.
The opera house has been modernized.
A ring road has been built.
'The station has been rebuilt.
Some streets have been widened.
A statue of you has been put up in the park.
The town centre has been turned into a pedestrian area.
Your house has been turned into a museum.
(Other answers are possible.)

Exercise (3)

1 be broken; be dropped.
2 be heard.
3 be handled.
4 be trusted.
5 be read.
6 be eaten (or) drunk.
7 be understood.
8 be eaten.
9 be found.
10 be blown up.

Exercise (5)

1 had been told 2 had been given 3 was shown

4 was given 5 was given 6 had never been taught: 7 was sent 8. was offered
9 was promised 10 wasn't being paid

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Exercise (6)
1 was taken 2 was told 3 had been expected
4 will be carried out 5 will be fulfilled.
6 was brought 7 will be sacrificed
8 was brought 9 was attended 10 was given
11 was dressed 12 was played
13 was governed 14 will be sacrificed
1.5 was taken
16 were removed
17 was made
18 to be sacrificed.

Passives: revision test

Exercise (1)

1. French is taught in most schools in Britain.

2. I have a shower every morning.
3. The town hall is just being / has just been rebuilt.
4. I could see that the room hadn’t been cleaned for months.
5. Our bread is freshly baked every day.
6. Our car was stolen last year.
7. Your car will be ready soon, it's being repaired now.
8. I've been given some beautiful flowers by my boyfriend.
9. These computers are made in Korea.
10. The work will be finished tomorrow.

Exercise (2)

1 be (listened) to
2 is (still) being 3 had
4 been 5 be 6 was
7 will (definitely) be
8 is spoken/taught/used 9 Have 10 be seen

Exercise (3)
1A 2B 3B 4A 5 B

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Chapter (6) Reported Speech
Direct Speech
Exercise (1)
1. He said, 'Hello, my name's Richard.
2. She asked, 'What's your name?'
3. The police officer shouted, 'Stop!'
4. The girl thought, 'I wish I was older.?'
5. The passport officer asked, 'Where are you going?' The tourist replied, 'To the Bahamas.'

Exercise (2)

1 'Hello, my name's Richard, he said.

2 'What's your name?' she asked.
3 'Stop!' the police officer shouted
4 'I wish I was older, the girl thought.
5 'Where are you going?' the passport officer asked.
6 "To the Bahamas,' the tourist replied.

Exercise (3)

1. 'Hello Michael,' said the woman's voice on the phone.

2. 'Who is this?' I asked.
3. The voice on the phone laughed and replied, 'Don't you recognize my voice, Michael?'
4. I said, 'No.'
5. 'Are you sure?' the voice asked.
6. I thought, 'It can't be her. Not after all these years.
7. 'Michael!' shouted the voice. 'You know who I am. And you remember what you did?'
8. I thought, 'I don't want to remember.'

Reported speech
Exercise (1)

1. Yesterday, he said that he was happy to help.

2. They said that they were going out at seven.
3. She said that she had done all her homework.
4. He thought that they had forgotten his birthday.
5. The politician said that she wanted to improve people's lives.
6. The team said they weren't going to win.
7. She said that she was busy so she wouldn't come.
8. He said that he didn't know if he could come.

Exercise (2)
1 were going out
2 couldn't meet
3 were having
4 would be
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5 had booked
6 weren't going to

Exercise (3)
1 I know how to drive it.
2 I am going to be an astronaut when I grow up.
3 I'll be home early.
4 I can play the guitar.

Reported questions
Exercise (1)
1. I wanted to know what they were saying.
2. She asked me why I was leaving.
3. They wanted to know if you needed any help.
4. He asked where you grew up.
5. He wanted to know when we would arrive.
6. The neighbors asked whether we were free next week.
7. My mother wanted to know whether you had eaten.
8. She asked where you'd driven from.
9.
Exercise (2)
1. One journalist asked what the name of her new film was.
2. Another journalist wanted to know if she was happy with the film.
3. They asked her how long it had taken to make.
4. They also wanted to know who the director was.
5. Someone asked if / whether she had liked the other actors.
6. Another journalist asked why she was visiting Europe.
7. He also asked if / whether she wanted to work with Tom Cruise again.
8. Everyone wanted to know if / whether she was going to make another film soon.
9. Someone asked (her) what the next film would be.
10. Another journalist asked if / whether she would film it in this country?

Exercise (3)
Students' own answers.

Say, tell, ask

Exercise (1)
1 asked / told 2 said 3 say 4 told 5 asked
6 said 7 asked / told 8 tell 9 say 10 ask / tell

Exercise (2)
1. The receptionist asked me to sign the form.
2. She told me to take a seat.
3. She asked the person on the phone to (please) hold.
4. She told me to turn left at the end of the corridor.

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 5. She told another visitor to take the lift to the second floor.
6. She asked her boss if she could take her lunch break.

Exercise (3)
1. He said (that) this was his house.
2. She told me (that) she was going to apply for the job.
3. I said (that) it was true.
4. Gabi told us (that) lunch was going to be at two.
5. He told us to press 100 on the machine for a coffee.
6. My father told me to slow down!
7. Rita asked me to call her back later. / Rita asked if/ whether I could call her back later,
8. They asked the people next door to turn their music down. / They asked the people next
door if they minded turning their music down.

Revision test
Exercise (1)
1 c 2f 3a 4e 5d 6b

Exercise (2)
1. No, I don't want to, she replied.
2. The teacher asked why you were late today.
3. He wanted to know what you were doing tonight.
4. My manager asked me if you'd join us for lunch.
5. 5 I told the taxi driver that I needed to get out at the station.
6. My sister told us to stay out of her room.
7. They asked us to wait for the next flight and we said we could.
Exercise (3)
1 to 2 that 3 was 4 if 5 said 6 why 7 to 8 asked

Exercise (4)
1. tell me about his new album.
2. it was different from his other albums.
3. Was
4. 'd used
5. Thought
6. was getting
7. had been
8. wasn't
9. would be performing
10. wouldn't
11. was planning
12. come and see him then

14
Exercise (5)
1 A: This shirt was expensive.
B: But you told me it was cheap.
2 A: It's a long journey.
B: I thought you said it was quick.
3 A: I hate living here.
B: But you said you were happy here.
4 A: Shall I ask them to stay?
B: No, tell them to go.
5 A: Did you say anything to Petra?
B: No, but I said something to Bill.

Exercise (6)
1T 2F 3T 4T 5 F

Chapter (7) Conjunctions

Revise the basics: use and position of conjunctions
Exercise (1)
The following words could come before...she went home and are conjunctions:
although, and, as, because, before, if, or, since, so, that, unless, until, when whether

Exercise (2)
1. After I've finished work, I'll come round to your place.
2. When the weather gets better, let's have a weekend in the country.
3. Before you go back to Canada, you ought to see Paula.
4. Not possible.
5. Although I didn't understand everything, I enjoyed the lecture.
6. Not possible.

Exercise (3)
1. after
2. –
3. –
4. or
5. that
6. so
7. –
8. unless

revise the basics: present for future I’ll tell you when
Exercise (1)
1. have; will write
2. Will you stay, takes
3. arrive; will phone

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 4. get
5. will see; am
6. will open; stops
7. bring
8. will walt, have
9. finish; will have
10. will be ; get

Exercise (2)
1. your brother is in England,
2. my father goes into hospital
3. the new car's ready
4. he goes back to work.

Using certain conjunctions: so that, as long as, until etc

Exercise (1)
1 as long as 2 until 3 so thät 4 while
5 as if 6 until 7 as if 8 provided that
9 so that 10 Whereas

Exercise (2)
1 so that 2 as long as 3 so that
4 as long as 5 as long as 6 so that

Exercise (3)
1. While she's very clever, she's got no common sense at all.
2. While I know how you feel, I think you're making a mistake,
3. While the job's well paid, It's deadly boring.
4. While I'm interested in economics, I wouldn't want to work in a bank.
5. While the hotel was nice, it was a long way from the beach.

Exercise (4)
1. He looks as if he's lost something.
2. She looks as if she's been painting.
3. He looks as if he's got a cold.
4. She looks as if she's had bad news.
5. He looks as if he's seen a ghost.
6. It looks as if it's going to rain.
7. He looks as if he's had good news.

Exercise (5)

1. Because of my unhappiness ...

2. In spite of her hunger ...
3. .. because of the heat.

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 4. . because of the rain.
5. in spite of the cold,
6. .. because of my work.
7. In spite of his interest in the lesson, ...
8. because of my tiredness.
9. In spite of my thirst...

Leaving out that she knew I was right.

Exercise (1)
1 It's funny
2 Were you surprised
3 You knew
4 Did you know 5 believe 6 He suggested.
7 I'm glad 8 Tellme 9 I heard 10 expect

Exercise (2)
1 provided that 2 so
3 Now
4 such ... that
5 so that 6 provided 7 Now that
8 provided 9 so 10 Now

Both … and; (n)either … (n)or

Exercise (1)
1. He speaks neither English nor French.
2. It was either Tuesday or Wednesday. ...
3. I neither like nor dislike her.
4. You're nether right nor wrong.
5. I both admire and distrust him.
6. He either lied to us or made a mistake...
7. Both Paul and Sally are on holiday.
8. Neither the secretary nor the accountant had the file.
9. The play was both funny and shocking.
10. He collects both paintings and jewellery.

Perfect for completion when I’ve finished

Exercise (1)
1. When I've finished my exams, I'm going to sleep for a week.
2. I'll go shopping as soon as it's stopped raining.
3. After I've done the washing up, I'm going to have a bath.
4. I'll phone Sally when I've found her number.
5. Let's wait here until Peter's arrived.
6. When I've finished the report, I'll ask you to read it.
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Exercise (2)
1. After he'd tried on six pairs of shoes, he decided he liked the first ones best.
2. When Mary had done all the shopping, she took a short walk round the park.
3. As soon as I had washed and dried the last plate, Paul came in and offered to help.
4. He went to the café in the square for a cup of coffee after he had said goodbye to the
visitors.
5. I ate all the dark chocolate when I had eaten all the milk chocolate.
6. Peter didn't start his karate training until he had phoned his mother.

Tenses with since and for … since we were students

Exercise (1)
1 has been; got up. 2 have been; lost
3 took up; has had 4 has been, got
5 went; haven't heard
6 has been; had
7 haven't seen, came
8. met; has been
9 We've lost; left 10 have you been; I last saw

Exercise (3)
(possible answers)

1. He looks much younger since he shaved off his beard.

2. It's nearly three years since he had a job.
3. It's only a week since I met her, but it seems like years.
4. It's too long since we last had a proper talk.
5. She's a lot happier since she stopped going out with Pete.
6. Things are better since we got our own flat.
(Other answers are possible.)

Conjunction + -ing or -ed after talking to you: until cooked

Exercise (1)
1 before 2 while
3 After 4 when
5 since 6 before 7 while/when 8 since
9 while/when
10 while/when

Exercise (2)
1 after eating.
2 while driving.
3 since failing
4 before/after talking 5 while exercising

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6 Since coming
7 after returning
g when/while/before travelling

Exercise (3)
1. The parcel will arrive within 24 hours if sent by express delivery.
2. Warm slowly until completely melted.
3. Guarantee: your money back if not satisfied.
4. When examined, he was found to have a fractured skull.
5. Stir the sugar until dissolved.

Clauses without conjunctions Putting down my book, …

Exercise (1)
1. Having left school at twelve, he had no qualifications.
2. Fried in butter and sprinkled with lemon juice, it tastes delicious.
3. Walking over to her desk, she picked up a paper.
4. The water came into the houses, flooding the downstairs rooms.
5. Knowing his taste, I took him à large box of expensive chocolates.
6. Putting on his coat, he went out.
7. A lorry broke down in Bond Street, causing a massive traffic jam.
8. Not wanting to frighten her, I phoned before I went round.
9. Sent first class, it should arrive tomorrow.
10. At3 a.m. Simon came in, waking everybody in the house.

Exercise (2)
1 feeling 2 looking at 3 pulling 4 finding
5 giving up 6 Invested
7 taking care of
8 Turning away
9Fixing

Conjunctions: more practice

Exercise (1)
1 A, B 2A 3 A, B
4 A, B 5 B 6A,B
7 B 8B 9A 10 A 11 B 12 B 13 B
14 A, B 15 A

Exercise (2)
1. When George had eaten all the chocolate biscuits, he started eating the lemon ones.
2. After I had turned off the lights in the office, I locked the door and left.
3. When you've finished with the newspaper, I'll read it.
4. Zach had a long hot shower after he had done his exercises.

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 5. As soon as I've told Jackie the good news I'll go to bed.
6. I’ll stay by his bed until he's gone to sleep.
7. As soon as the opera had started, Mike went to sleep.
8. After I had locked the door, I realized the children were still outside.
9. When Deborah has left school, she'd going straight into an office job.
10. They watched me until I had gone out of the door.

Exercise (3)
1. although she was
2. since we had
3. Although It was expensive, he bought it.
4. before it starts
5. nor play
6. after eating
7. Because you were so nice to me, here are.
8. had told her
9. I'll take you
10. In spite of

Exercise (4)
1. Until
2. While
3. so that
4. provided
5. because of
6. if
7. although
8. as long as
9. After.
10. so that
11. either
12. or
13. Although
14. in spite of
15. provided
16. After

Conjunctions: revision test

Exercise (1)
1. We stopped playing because of the rain.
2. Although we drove as fast as we could, we got there late.
3. They went on climbing in spite of the snow.
4. Because we hadn't got much money, we went on a camping holiday,
5. He got the job in spite of his poor qualifications.

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 6. When I had finished the shopping, I took the car in for a service.
7. She has neither come to see me nor answered my emails,
8. Going over to his desk, he picked up a small black book.
9. While the film was interesting, it was much too
long.
10. Everybody felt sleepy because it was hot.

Exercise (2)
1. as long as
2. until
3. so that
4. provided
5. While
6. if
7. –
8. although
9. going
10. went

Exercise (3)

1. it gets
2. Correct.
3. I've finished
4. Correct.
5. Correct.

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