PRÉ-VESTIBULAR DE MEDICINA QUESTÃO 03
Disciplina: Língua Inglesa People with a dog or cat were also less likely to have spikes
Professora: Milena Francio
Fascículo: 01
THE BENEFITS OF PETS FOR HUMAN HEALTH
By Dana Casciotti, PhD, and Diana Zuckerman, PhD, National Center for
Health Research
Animals play an important role in many people’s lives. They
can be used in occupational therapy, speech therapy, or
physical rehabilitation to help patients recover.  Aside from
these designated therapeutic roles, animals are also valued as
companions, which can certainly affect the quality of our
lives. And the better we understand the human-animal bond,
the more we can use it to improve people’s lives.
Some research studies have found that people who have a pet
have healthier hearts, stay home sick less often, make fewer
visits to the doctor, get more exercise, and are less depressed.
Companion animals may improve heart health by lowering
blood pressure and regulating the heart rate during stressful
situations. In a 2002 study, researchers found that people with
a dog or cat were less likely to have spikes in heart rates and
blood pressure while performing stressful tasks, and their
heart rates and blood pressure returned to normal more
quickly. Besides, pets may also have a significant impact on
allergies, asthma, social support, and social interactions with
other people.
It makes sense to conduct more studies on how human-animal
interaction influences our health. However, we don’t yet know
exactly what types of animals influence what types of health
issues and what characteristics about human-animal
interaction are most important. If research shows specific
health benefits under specific circumstances, that information
can be used to change policies in ways that benefit even more
adults and children.
Adapted from center4research.org. Accessed 20 April 2022.
QUESTÃO 01
Concerning the connection between humans and animals, the
main aim of the article is:
(A) to announce it
(B) to describe it
(C) to predict it
(D)to prove it
QUESTÃO 02
And the better we understand the human-animal bond, the
more we can use it to improve people’s lives. (l. 3-4)
The underlined words above convey the following idea:
(A) timely correction
(B) revised explanation
(C) delayed information
(D)proportional increase
in heart rates and blood pressure while performing
stressful tasks. (l. 8-9)
The words “likely” and “while” mean, respectively:
(A) probability - simultaneity
(B) prediction - frequency
(C) preference - duration
(D)possibility – reason
QUESTÃO 04
According to the article, to really benefit people, results of
research on human-animal interaction need to be:
(A) always continuous
(B) widely diversified
(C) more precise
(D)really fast
Text. 2.1
FACTORS TO REMEMBER WHILE CHOOSING
AN OPTIMAL TIME FOR EXERCISE
Despite having several health benefits of morning exercise, it
is always important to remember that the human body works
best under a well-balanced systemic condition. In simple
words, our body doesn’t like abrupt changes in physiological
processes. For a non-morning person, exercise in the morning
may be demotivating, which can ultimately result in fewer
health benefits. Thus, the best suitable time for exercise may
vary from person to person. The most important thing is to
maintain consistency in exercise timing. However, those who
have trouble exercising might feel that planning exercise in
the morning is an incentive because of the increased expected
health benefits.
There are some physical activities that can be performed at
any time of the day. These include walking, running,
swimming, jogging, biking, aerobics, yoga, boxing, strength
training, etc.
Adapted from News Medical. Available on news-medical.net. Last access on
april 20, 2021
Text 2.2
QUESTÃO 05
Despite having several health benefits of morning exercise,
(Text 1 – l. 01)
The underlined word is a linker used to connect two clauses.
Another example of a linker with a similar semantic value to it
is presented in the statement below:
(A) In simple words, our body doesn’t like abrupt changes in
physiological processes. (l. 02-03)
(B) Thus, the best suitable time for exercise may vary from
person to person. (l. 04-05)
(C) However, those who have trouble exercising might feel
that planning exercise in the morning is an incentive
(l. 06)
(D)because of the increased expected health benefits. (l. 07)
QUESTÃO 06
the human body works best under a well-balanced
systemic condition. (Text 1 - l. 01-02)
According to the text, the statement below exemplifies the
affirmation above:
(A) people may vary their time preference, but they should try
exercise at the same part of the day
(B) people who don’t like to exercise should work out in the
evening, when they are more relaxed
(C) non-morning people may feel more alert if they exercise in
the morning, to become more motivated to work
(D)people should prefer to exercise in the morning, but the
quantity of exercise depends on their body conditions
QUESTÃO 07
which can ultimately result in fewer health benefits (Text 1
- l. 04)
The word below may substitute the underlined one above
without much change in its meaning:
(A) lately
(B) finally
(C) actually
(D)presently
QUESTÃO 08
The fun of the cartoon (Text 2) lies in the doctor’s
disagreement with part of what the patient said, which
represents
the patient’s misunderstanding.
The misunderstanding lies in the following fragment of the
patient`s statement:
(A) plenty of rest
(B) fitness experts say
(C) your muscles need
(D)between workouts
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
The Genre of Autobiography and Autofiction
Derived from three Greek words meaning “self”,
“life” and “write”, autobiography is a style of writing that has
been around nearly as long as history has been recorded. Yet,
autobiography was not classified as a genre within itself until
the late eighteenth century.
The difference between traditional autobiography and
the genre of autofiction is that autobiographers are attempting
to depict their real life, while writers of autofiction are only
basing their work upon real experiences. Writers of autofiction
are not expected to be as historically accurate as possible as
autobiographers are. According to Alex Hughes, authors of
autofiction are saying “this is me and this is not me”. 1This
sums up autofiction. Autofiction draws from the life of the
writer with the addition of fictional elements to make the work
more than just a life story.
Autobiography is a popular genre. 2Writers of
memoirs and life stories never lack an audience. People are
interested in the actual lives of others and want to know about
others’ pasts and feelings and desires. Autobiography is a way
to organize the story of a life and reflect on the past in order to
better understand the present.
hubpages.com
09. (Uerj 2015) Writers of memoirs and life stories never
lack an audience. People are interested in the actual lives of
others (ref. 2)
The semantic relationship between the two sentences above
can be made explicit by the addition of following connective:
a) unless
b) because
c) however
d) as though
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
Brazilian protest songs: “Peace without a voice is no peace
but fear”
(…)
Words and phrases with double meanings were
used to escape censorship and persecution. The greatest
master in this art was Chico Buarque de Holanda. 7His clever
lyrics were often approved by the censors, who would only
later realise what the songs were really about. But then, of
course, it was too late. That was the case with “Apesar de
você”, which was censored only after it had already become
an anthem on the streets. 5At first sight, it appears to be a
samba about a lover’s quarrel. Actually, it was a sharp critique
of the authoritarian regime and an act of direct defiance aimed
at the dictators.
Mariângela Guimarães
10. (Uerj 2014) At first sight, it appears to be a samba
about a lover’s quarrel. Actually, it was a sharp critique of
the authoritarian regime (ref. 5)
If the two sentences above are rewritten as one, the result is:
a) It appears to be a samba about a lover’s quarrel, therefore it
was a sharp critique of the authoritarian regime.
b) As long as it appears to be a samba about a lover’s quarrel,
it was a sharp critique of the authoritarian regime.
c) It appears to be a samba about a lover’s quarrel, because it
was a sharp critique of the authoritarian regime.
d) Even though it appears to be a samba about a lover’s
quarrel, it was a sharp critique of the authoritarian regime.
GABARITO: 01- B 02-D 03-A 04-C 05-C 06-A 07-B 08-A 09- B 10- D
 CONECTIVOS – LINKING WORDS

Os conectivos (connectives, ou linking words), também ⇒ Comparação

conhecidos como palavras de transição (conjuctive adverbs /
transitional adverbs), servem para estabelecer uma ligação Função: Confrontar informações, ideias ou conceitos.
entre conceitos, ideias ou palavras em uma mesma frase ou Exemplos:
entre frases distintas. Estes termos são importantes para
manter o que chamamos de coesão de um texto, isto é, quando Likewise (Da mesma forma)
as ideias transmitidas em frases e parágrafos estão interligadas In the same way (Do mesmo jeito, Igualmente)
e seguem uma lógica. É justamente por existir coesão em um Similarly (Similarmente, Semelhantemente)
texto que podemos dizer que ele ficou claro ou fácil de In comparison with (Em comparação a/com)
compreender.
⇒ Exemplificação
Por isso, os conectivos são agrupados de acordo com a sua
função dentro do texto. A quantidade de conectivos existentes Função: Fornecer exemplos para ilustrar ideias ou conceitos.
no inglês é grande, portanto, veremos alguns exemplos (os Exemplos:
mais comuns) dos grupos mais usados no idioma.
For instance (Por exemplo)
⇒ Introdução For example (Por exemplo)
In particular (Em particular)
Função: Iniciar frases, parágrafos e indicar a apresentação de In this case (Neste caso)
novas ideias ou conceitos. Exemplos: Such as (Tal como)

First of all (Em primeiro lugar, Antes de mais nada, Antes de ⇒ Causa
tudo)
To begin with (Para começo de conversa) Função: Indicar a existência de uma causa para determinada
In the first place (Em primeiro lugar, Para começar) questão.
First (Primeiro, Para começar) Exemplos:

⇒ Continuação Due to (Devido a)

Because of (Por causa de)
Função: Indicar a continuidade de um conceito ou ideia.
Exemplos ⇒ Consequência

Besides (Além disso) Função: Relacionar o efeito causado por determinada questão.
Furthermore (Além disso, Ademais) Exemplos:
Moreover (Aliás, Além do mais, Além de que)
Then (Então, Depois, Em seguida) As a result (Como resultado)
Consequently (Consequentemente)
⇒ Adição Therefore (Portanto)

Função: Apresentar uma nova informação ao que já foi ⇒ Ênfase

exposto. Exemplos:
Função: Destacar informações expostas.
And (E) Exemplos:
Also (Também, Igualmente)
As well as (Assim como, Bem como) Above all (Sobretudo)
Not only... but also (Não somente… mas também) Even more (Ainda mais)
On top of that (Além disso) Indeed (De fato, Realmente)
Most of all (Acima de tudo)
⇒ Contraste
⇒ Concessão
Função: Indicar a existência de conceitos ou ideias opostos a
algo apresentado. Exemplos: ⇒ Conclusão

But (Mas, Porém) Função: Indicar o fim de um conceito ou de uma explanação

However (Contudo) geral, resumir as informações.
Instead (of) (Ao invés de, Em vez de) Exemplos:
Meanwhile (Enquanto isso)
Nonetheless (No entanto) After all (Afinal)
Nevertheless (Mesmo assim, Todavida) At last (Finalmente)
Otherwise (Caso contrário, De outra forma) Finally (Finalmente)
Still (Ainda, Apesar, Entretanto) To summarize (Para resumir)
Despite (Apesar de) To sum up (Resumindo)
In spite of (Apesar de)
 EXERCISES – LINKING WORDS
ALTHOUGH - AS A RESULT – AT LEAST – HOWEVER -
Fill in the correct connectives and linking words from the list. IN CASE - INCLUDING – IN OTHER
There may be more than one answer in some sentences. WORDS - IN THE MEANTIME - ON ONE HAND - ON
THE OTHER HAND – ON THE
AS LONG AS – BECAUSE - DESPITE – DUE TO - EVEN CONTRARY - OTHERWISE - THEREFORE
THOUGH – HOWEVER - IN CASE -
IN SPITE – NEVERTHELESS - THEREFORE 17. Sea levels will probably rise in the next few decades
__________________________ of global
1. Take your camera with you, just _____________________ warming.
mine doesn't work. 18. I hope he drives carefully,
2. _____________________ having muscle problems, the __________________________ he may have problems on
defender was able to play. such a
3. Bring an umbrella with you _____________________ it slippery road.
rains tomorrow. 19. The president was not a very popular leader.
4. Skiing is a safe sport _____________________ you obey __________________________, his resignation
the rules on the slope. did not come as a surprise.
5. All flights to and from London have been cancelled 20. Our economy will not improve this year.
_____________________ fog. __________________________, all projections show
6. They arrived in time for the meeting that it will get worse.
_____________________ having to travel in bad weather. 21. The couple broke up a few days ago.
7. I like travelling by underground, _____________________ __________________________, they are still living
it gets pretty crowded during rush together because of the children.
hours. 22. __________________________ it was a wonderful place
8. She has been living in the country her whole life. to go skiing, not many tourists found
_____________________, she has decided their way there.
she wants a change and plans on moving to the city. 23. The scientist studied the behavior of various animals,
9. We had a wonderful time in Barcelona. __________________________ whales
_____________________, transport workers were on and dolphins.
strike so we couldn't use the underground. 24. __________________________ we have to fight against
10._____________________ life was hard during the war, we environmental problems, but
managed to survive. __________________________ we need more and more
11._____________________ heavy traffic on the motorway, energy every day.
we couldn't make it in time. 25. I think he’s asleep. __________________________ his
12._____________________ of the low temperatures during eyes are closed.
the winter, Moscow is always worth 26.The candidate didn’t quite meet the necessary
visiting. requirements. __________________________,
13.I can't come now _____________________ the children he failed.
are ill, and I have to look after them. 27.Please take some warm clothes with you, just
14.The economy collapsed, _____________________ the _______________________ it gets cold at night.
government had to resign. 28.The report will be finished soon.
15.You may go out with your friends tonight, __________________________, let’s get some coffee.
_____________________ you never go alone and
stay with them all the time.
16.I already knew a lot about cybersecurity.
_____________________, the lecture was quite
interesting.