09 How To Optimize FMS Predictions PDF

A320 Family – A330/A340 Operational Liaison Meeting 2008
How to optimize FMS predictions ?

Impact of Wind & Temperature models
Contents
1 About FMS…
2 Wind & Temperature Entries in FMS
3 FMS Wind & Temperature Models

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
4 Impacts on Predictions
5 Conclusion
How to optimize FMS predictions ? 2

Contents
1 About FMS…

5 Conclusion

About FMS…
Flight Management System (FMS) functions:

Navigation
Lateral & Vertical F-PLN

Performance optimizations
– Target Speeds / Pseudo-WPT
– Maximum Altitude
– Optimum Altitude
Predictions
– Fuel & Time Estimations
– OPT STEP

About FMS…

Navigation

Predictions
– OPT STEP
Current
Weather

About FMS…

Navigation

Predictions
– OPT STEP
Current Forecast
Weather Weather

About FMS…

Navigation

Predictions Optimize
– OPT STEP
Current Relevant Forecast

Entered
Weather Weather

Contents
1 About FMS…

5 Conclusion

Wind & Temperature Entries in FMS
Flight Preparation – INIT A

ΔISA model
– TROPO
1 value but modifiable in-cruise
Above TROPO, SAT constant
Default to 36 090ft
(60 000ft)
PREFLIGHT IN-CRUISE
(25 000ft)
In CFP: by WPT
Vary during long-haul flight
Flight Preparation – INIT A

ΔISA model
– TROPO
– CRZ FL / TEMP
TEMP in SAT
Not available in-cruise
PREFLIGHT
In CFP: Average

Flight Preparation – INIT B B

TRIP WIND
– Forecast mean effective wind
– For the whole flight
– No longer modifiable in-cruise
PREFLIGHT
In CFP: Average

Flight Preparation – INIT B

TRIP WIND
– Forecast mean effective wind
– For the whole flight
– No longer modifiable in-cruise
Check of EXTRA / CFP BLOCK

PREFLIGHT
In CFP: Average

Flight Preparation – via INIT A A

CLIMB WIND page

Flight Preparation – via INIT A

CLIMB WIND page
– Up to 5 Climb winds
– TRIP WIND deleted
– No longer modifiable during Climb
If (ALT CSTR at specific DIST) from ATC
To optimize TOC
– Wind at CRZ FL extrapolated for cruise
Otherwise, PREFLIGHT
TRIP WIND sufficient for PREFLIGHT
In CFP: 1 WPT of CLB
Unless you have time or CLB

CLIMB WIND page
– Short turn-around
Reuse of HISTORY WIND recorded in

descent
PREFLIGHT
In CFP: 1 WPT of CLB

or CLB

CRUISE WIND page
– For each WPT, up to 4 Cruise wind values
– But, 4 ALT for the whole flight
PREFLIGHT IN-CRUISE
In CFP: by WPT


CRUISE WIND page
– Once entered, propagation
Modification if difference > 30°/30kt

Enter CFP cruise wind if you have time
Otherwise, use TRIP WIND

PREFLIGHT IN-CRUISE
In CFP: by WPT

In-Cruise – via VERT REV or INIT A

CRUISE WIND page


CRUISE WIND page


CRUISE WIND page
Modification if difference > 30°/30kt
Fine-tuning of cruise winds for performance optimization

At 2 Flight Levels around current:

4000ft lower, 4000ft higher
PREFLIGHT IN-CRUISE
Overview of the whole flight needed In CFP: by WPT


CRUISE WIND page: SAT / ALT
– 1 SAT / ALT by WPT
– Modifiable (no limitation on ALT)
Modification if difference > 5°

WPT SAT has to be entered at

WPT FL to optimize
performance predictions
PREFLIGHT IN-CRUISE
In CFP: by WPT

In-Cruise – via VERT REV

DESCENT WIND page
– Up to 5 Descent winds
– Including wind at destination (GRND),
converted from PERF APPR page
PREFLIGHT IN-CRUISE
In CFP: 1 WPT of DES

or DES
In-Cruise – via VERT REV

DESCENT WIND page: ALTERNATE
– Average wind at default CRZ ALTN FL
FL220 is ALTN < 200NM
Otherwise FL310
PREFLIGHT IN-CRUISE
In CFP: Average
or Estimation
Contents
1 About FMS…

5 Conclusion

FMS Wind & Temperature Models
TWO FMS Wind & Temperature Models:

FORECAST model
– Your Wind & Temperature entries
PREDICTED model
– Adjustment of FORECAST model using current measure
FORECAST
Waypoint A Waypoint B Waypoint C Waypoint D Waypoint E
Pilot Entry Propagation


FORECAST model
PREDICTED model
Blending Zone
PREDICTED
PPOS


FORECAST model
PREDICTED model
PREDICTED
- Enter your CRZ FL wind in your wind climb profile

PPOS
- It is better to complete WIND ENTRY at 2 FL than to enter all the wind
Waypoint A Waypoint B
information for halfWaypoint C
of the waypoints Waypoint D Waypoint E

FMS Wind & Temperature Models – Wind profile
Wind Profile: Xwind:

Same rules as Effective Wind
Climb
– FORECAST
Extrapolation
FL400
TOC
FL300
CLB WPT B
FL200
CLB WPT A
FL100
Interpolation
GRND
Effective Wind

Wind Profile:
Climb
– PREDICTED
Measured Wind
FL4
Blended with FORECAST
Up to 10 000ft above current ALT
FL3
Current ALT
FL2
FL1
GRND

Wind Profile: On F-PLN B page for each WPT
Cruise
– FORECAST SAME ALT A320 family FMS1


Cruise
– FORECAST SAME ALT A330/A340 family FMS1 + FMS2


Wind Profile: Not displayed to pilots
Cruise
– PREDICTED SAME ALT A320 family FMS1
PPOS
A330/A340 family FMS1 + FMS2

PPOS
Blending Zone: 100NM or 200NM

Wind Profile: BETWEEN 2 ALT

Cruise
– FORECAST
Waypoint E
ALT3
ALT2
Waypoint C Waypoint D
ALT1

Pilot Entry Propagation Interpolation
33
Cruise
– FORECAST
Waypoint E
ALT3
ALT2
ALT1

Pilot Entry Propagation Interpolation
34
Wind Profile: Not displayed to pilots
Cruise
– PREDICTED
Waypoint E
ALT3
ALT2
PPOS
ALT1
Blending Zone: up to 10 000ft

Wind Profile:
Descent
– FORECAST
LAST CRZ FL
TOD
If FL4 < CRZ FL FL4
DES WPT A
FL3
From DESCENT WIND
FL2
DES WPT B
FL1
Interpolation
From DESCENT WIND GRND
(and PERF APPR page)
Effective Wind

Wind Profile:
Descent
– PREDICTED
LAST CRZ FL
Measured Wind
FL4
Blended with FORECAST
Up to 10 000ft
FL3
below current ALT
Current ALT
FL2
FL1
GRND

Wind Profile:
Alternate
MEAN
10000ft
Wind at primary destination Zero Wind
Once Alternate is enabled, it becomes the primary F-PLN,

and all the rules for CLB, CRZ & DES apply.
FMS Wind & Temperature Models – Temperature profile
Temperature Profile: ΔISA model

ALT (ft) ALT (ft)
ISA ISA + ΔISA
ΔISA
STANDARD
TROPOPAUSE
TEMP (°C) ΔISA (°C)

Temperature Profile: ΔISA model

ALT (ft) ALT (ft)
ISA
TROPO
CRZ FL/TEMP
STANDARD
TROPOPAUSE

Temperature Profile: CLIMB FORECAST

ALT (ft) ALT (ft)
ISA
TROPO
CRZ FL/TEMP
STANDARD
TROPOPAUSE

Pilot Entry
41
Temperature Profile: CLIMB PREDICTED

ALT (ft) ALT (ft)
ISA
TROPO
CRZ FL/TEMP
STANDARD
TROPOPAUSE

Pilot Entry
42
Temperature Profile: CRUISE FORECAST
ISA ISA ISA ISA TROPO4

SAT3 / ALT3 SAT3 / ALT3
TROPO1
WPT1 WPT2 WPT3 WPT4
PPOS

43
Temperature Profile: CRUISE FORECAST
ISA TROPO4

WPT1 WPT2 WPT3 WPT4
PPOS
Only 1 TROPO for predictions

Temperature Profile: CRUISE FORECAST Not displayed to pilots
ISA ISA ISA ISA TROPO4

TROPO1
WPT1 WPT2 WPT3 WPT4
PPOS
Only 1 TROPO for predictions

Temperature Profile: CRUISE PREDICTED Not displayed to pilots
ISA ISA ISA ISA
TROPO1
WPT1 WPT2 WPT3 WPT4
PPOS

46
Temperature Profile: DESCENT FORECAST

ALT (ft) ALT (ft)
ISA
TROPO
SAT / ALT LAST CRZ WPT
STANDARD
TROPOPAUSE

Pilot Entry
Temperature Profile: DESCENT PREDICTED

ALT (ft) ALT (ft)
ISA
TROPO
SAT / ALT LAST CRZ WPT
STANDARD
TROPOPAUSE

Contents
1 About FMS…

5 Conclusion

Impacts on Predictions

Navigation

Predictions
–
?
Fuel & Time Estimations
– OPT STEP
Current Predicted Forecast

Weather Weather Weather

Flight plan: Fuel/time/distance predictions

During flight preparation
– based on average wind/temperature of INIT A/B page


During flight preparation
– based on average wind/temperature of INIT A/B page


During flight preparation: based on forecasted wind/temperature
During cruise: predictions based on predicted and forecasted weather
B


During flight preparation: based on forecasted wind/temperature
During cruise: predictions based on predicted and forecasted
weather
Impact of wind and temperature on EFOB/ETA

(CI = 30, A320 weight=65000kg, A330 weight=205000kg)
– A320:
On 1000NM, a 30kt wind difference leads to 500kg difference on
EFOB and 15min on ETA.
– A330:
On 2000NM, a 30kt wind difference leads to 2000kg difference on
EFOB and 25min on ETA.

ECON climb and descent speed

– Function of CI, weight and CRZ FL
No impact of WIND & TEMP
TOC and TOD

TOC: Predicted on forecasted wind
A320 – 75000kg/62000kg
– TOC shifted by around 15NM per 30kt wind difference
– TOD shifted by around 10NM per 30kt wind difference
A330 – 250000kg/160000kg
– TOC shifted by around 15NM per 30kt wind difference
– TOD shifted by around 15NM per 30kt wind difference

Cruise: ECON speed

Headwind Æ ECON MACH Ê
High DISA Æ ECON MACH Ì
A320
– ECON Mach variation up to 0.005 for 30kt wind difference
– ECON Mach variation up to 0.002 for 10°C on ISA deviation
A330
– ECON Mach variation up 0.006 to for 30kt wind difference

– ECON Mach variation up to 0.002 for 10°C on ISA deviation

Cruise – REC MAX ALT / OPT ALT

REC MAX ALT
– Depends on DISA and TROPO
TROPO entry
REC MAX
REC MAX
Real TROPO
Current Δ ISA


REC MAX ALT
– Depends on DISA and TROPO
TROPO entry
REC MAX
REC MAX
Real TROPO
A320
Current Δ ISA
– REC MAX ALT variation up to 2000ft for 5°C on ISA deviation
A330
– REC MAX ALT variation up to 2000ft for 5°C on ISA deviation


OPT ALT
– Depends DISA and wind gradient, not on TROPO
A320
– OPT ALT variation up to 2000ft for 5°C on ISA deviation

– OPT ALT variation up to 2000ft for 30kt on wind difference
A330
– OPT ALT variation up to 1000ft for 5°C on ISA deviation
– OPT ALT variation up to 2000ft for 30kt on wind difference
Contents
1 About FMS…

5 Conclusion

Conclusion
9 Use the appropriate FMS function

9Knowing all its abilities
9Be aware of the background assumptions
9Knowing their limits
9 With adapted Weather entries
9Based on a global view of the flight
9Monitored at regular intervals
t r ie s
En
9Changed wisely
t he r o n s
e a i c ti
h t W r e d
Ri g M S P
h t F
Ri g
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A320 Family – A330/A340 Operational Liaison Meeting 2008

How to optimize FMS predictions ?

2 Wind & Temperature Entries in FMS

3 FMS Wind & Temperature Models

How to optimize FMS predictions ? 2

2 Wind & Temperature Entries in FMS

3 FMS Wind & Temperature Models

How to optimize FMS predictions ? 3

 Flight Management System (FMS) functions:

 Lateral & Vertical F-PLN

How to optimize FMS predictions ? 4

 Flight Management System (FMS) functions:

 Lateral & Vertical F-PLN

How to optimize FMS predictions ? 5

 Flight Management System (FMS) functions:

 Lateral & Vertical F-PLN

How to optimize FMS predictions ? 6

 Flight Management System (FMS) functions:

 Lateral & Vertical F-PLN

Current Relevant Forecast

How to optimize FMS predictions ? 7

2 Wind & Temperature Entries in FMS

3 FMS Wind & Temperature Models

How to optimize FMS predictions ? 8

 Flight Preparation – INIT A

 Flight Preparation – INIT A

How to optimize FMS predictions ? 10

 Flight Preparation – INIT B B

How to optimize FMS predictions ? 11

 Flight Preparation – INIT B

Check of EXTRA / CFP BLOCK

How to optimize FMS predictions ? 12

 Flight Preparation – via INIT A A

How to optimize FMS predictions ? 13

 Flight Preparation – via INIT A

If (ALT CSTR at specific DIST) from ATC

– Wind at CRZ FL extrapolated for cruise

 Flight Preparation – via INIT A

Reuse of HISTORY WIND recorded in

In CFP: 1 WPT of CLB

 Flight Preparation – via INIT A

How to optimize FMS predictions ? 16

 Flight Preparation – via INIT A

Modification if difference > 30°/30kt

Enter CFP cruise wind if you have time

Otherwise, use TRIP WIND

How to optimize FMS predictions ? 17

 In-Cruise – via VERT REV or INIT A

How to optimize FMS predictions ? 18

 In-Cruise – via VERT REV or INIT A

How to optimize FMS predictions ? 19

 In-Cruise – via VERT REV or INIT A

Modification if difference > 30°/30kt

Fine-tuning of cruise winds for performance optimization

At 2 Flight Levels around current:

Overview of the whole flight needed In CFP: by WPT

How to optimize FMS predictions ? 20

 In-Cruise – via VERT REV or INIT A

Modification if difference > 5°

WPT SAT has to be entered at

How to optimize FMS predictions ? 21

 In-Cruise – via VERT REV

In CFP: 1 WPT of DES

Flight Management System (FMS) functions:

Lateral & Vertical F-PLN

Flight Management System (FMS) functions:

Lateral & Vertical F-PLN

Flight Management System (FMS) functions:

Lateral & Vertical F-PLN

Flight Management System (FMS) functions:

Lateral & Vertical F-PLN

Flight Preparation – INIT A

Flight Preparation – INIT A

Flight Preparation – INIT B B

Flight Preparation – INIT B

Flight Preparation – via INIT A A

Flight Preparation – via INIT A

Flight Preparation – via INIT A

Flight Preparation – via INIT A

Flight Preparation – via INIT A

In-Cruise – via VERT REV or INIT A

In-Cruise – via VERT REV or INIT A

In-Cruise – via VERT REV or INIT A

In-Cruise – via VERT REV or INIT A

In-Cruise – via VERT REV

In-Cruise – via VERT REV

TWO FMS Wind & Temperature Models:

TWO FMS Wind & Temperature Models:

TWO FMS Wind & Temperature Models:

Wind Profile: Xwind:

Wind Profile: On F-PLN B page for each WPT

Wind Profile: On F-PLN B page for each WPT

Wind Profile: Not displayed to pilots

Wind Profile: BETWEEN 2 ALT

Wind Profile: On F-PLN B page for each WPT

Wind Profile: Not displayed to pilots

Temperature Profile: ΔISA model

Temperature Profile: ΔISA model

Temperature Profile: CLIMB FORECAST

Temperature Profile: CLIMB PREDICTED

Temperature Profile: CRUISE FORECAST

Temperature Profile: CRUISE FORECAST

Temperature Profile: CRUISE FORECAST Not displayed to pilots

Temperature Profile: CRUISE PREDICTED Not displayed to pilots