oO. e STUD) MULTIMEDIA UNIVERSITY } MULTIMEDIA UNIVERSITY CYBERIAYA SELANGOR THIRD SEMESTER EXAMINATION , 1999 /2000 SESSION ECP2072 — Data Communications and Computer Networking (All Sections / Groups ) 3", April 2000 pm - 4.30pm (2 Hours) INSTRUCTION TO STUDENT 1. This Question paper consists of 7 pages with 6 Questions only. 2. Attempt any FOUR out of SEX questions. All questions distribution of the marks for each question is given 'y equal marks and the Please print all your answers in the Answer Booklet provided. 3ECP 2072 Data Communications & Computer Networking [Identification 1 sae (Total length (octets) 312 an [Fragment offset (64-bit unit) [0 [More fragment flag fi . [8 marks ] (©) The following were the commands and responses obtained when an ECP2072 student typed at the command prompt of a PC with Windows 98 operating system | > ping worw.mmu.edu.my pinging www.mmu.edu.my [ 203.106.61.4 ] with 32 bytes Cx ping www.mit.edy pinging DANDELION-PATCH.MIT.EDU [ 18.184.0.3 ] with 32 bytes Note : ping is a program in the operating system that allows a terminal to send some packets to a destination and back to the source. What can you conclude about the classifications of the IP addresses associated with the above two domain names. What is the maximum number of hosts for the networks associated with the above two IP addresses. marks] End of Page SWLILB TITECP 2072 Data Communications & Computer Neworking (1) (@) When data is transmitted between two pieces of equipment, there are 3 ways data flow can take place : simplex, half-duplex or full-duplex. Explain briefly on these communication modes and differentiate them. [ 6 marks ] (b) Data bits are normally transmitted serially between two data terminal equipment (DTE). In the serial transmission it is vital for the receiving device to interpret the bit pattems correctly and synchronisation at certain levels has to be established and maintained during the transmission. State all the types of synchronisation that may be involved and describe briefly the significance and importance of them. [6 marks } (c) Describe briefly the differences between asynchronous transmission and synchronous transmission [6 marks ] (d) Suppose a file of 100,000 bytes is to be sent over a line at transmission rate of 14,400 bps. (i) Calculate the overall overhead in terms of bit and transmission time to transfer the file using asynchronous communication. Assume that one start bit, 8 data bits, two stop bits and no parity bit are to be sent for each character. [4 marks ] (ii) Calculate the overall overhead in terms of bit and transmission time to transfer the file using synchronous communication. Assume that data are sent in frames. Each frame consists of 5,000 bytes and overhead of 48 control bits per frame. [3 marks ] Continued . SWLLB 7ECP 2072 Data Communications & Computer Networking 6. Shown below is the datagram format for IP version 4. 34.56 7 8 9 101112 13 14 15 16 epee een eee Version [Header length] Type of service Bitorder pl Total length Identification [ Fragment offset, Time-to-live Protocol Header checksum Header ‘ Source address F Destination address 4 options Data Dats (a) Desoribe briefly the purposes of the following fields of the datagram @_ Version (ii) Identification Gii) Time to live ) (iv) Source address (wv) Type of service (vi) Header checksum [12 marks } ‘A transport layer protocol data unit (PDU) of 3000 octets is to be transmitted over a network with network layers at both ends adopting IP. It is known that the maximum packet size associated with the local network af the transmitter ie is 512 octets. Assuming that the header in each IP datagram requires 20 detets, derive the number of datagrams (fragments) required, Fill up the table containing the fields in each datagram header es shown below. Continued ... SWLIB 6/6ECP 2072 Data Communications & Computer Networking (2) (@) Show diagrammatically the encoded signals for data bits : 4010010001 Fit last bit with the following clock encoding schemes in synchronous transmission systems : (Manchester encoding [4 marks ] (i) Differential Manchester encoding [4 marks ] (iii) Compare the two encoding schemes in (i) and (ii) and state their advantages and disadvantages. [3 marks ] (b) RS-232 and V.24 are compatible standards which have been proposed by Electronics Industries Association (EIA) and ITU-T for the interface between data terminal equipment (DTE) and data circuit terminating equipment (DCE). (i) Which layer of the OSI model do the standards cover specifically. (2 marks] (ii) There are 4 important characteristics of the standards : mechanical, electrical, functional and procedural. Explain briefly about each of them, [8 marks ] (©) Explain briefly why the maximum data transmission rates for upstream traffic (fom the user to the internet service provider) using V.90 and V.32 modems to the public switched telephone network (PSTN) are the same, [4 marks ] Continued ..... ‘SWLAB 272‘ECP 2072 Data Communications & Computer Networking (5) @) Your friend, Noraini is working in an intemet service provider (ISP). Two of their main customers are world class universities (A and B ) located closed to Putrajaya. These two customers exclusively share an uplink to the Intemet, Both customers pay the same amount for their service and expect to receive the same amount of bandwidth, After performing traffic analysis ‘on the fit Noraini discovers that University A always occupies a majority of the link’ bandwidth. Note that both universities use TCP to transmit all data and the terminating host of all connections is the same. Noraini is dumbfounded and is not able to determine the cause of this anomaly (i) What could be the possible reason for University A receiving more bandwidth than University B? Explain and justify your reason. [4 marks ] (ii) Given that your reasoning is correct, what could Noraini do to solve this problem. Explain and justify your solution [4 marks } (iii) University A approaches Noraini and complains that it is receiving very slow response time for its small web transfers. What could Noraini do to improve the response time that small web transfers experience ? [4 marks ] (b) The IP header has an 8-bit type-of-service (TOS) field which indicates what kind of services an IP packet wants to receive, For each service requirement shown below, you are to come up with two (and only two) designs or schemes to be implemented in the network so that the service requirement can be met. (i) To minimize delay. [4 marks ] Gi) To maximize throughput. [4 marks ] (ii) To maximize reliability. [5 marks ] Continued . SWLLB 315ECP 2072 Data Communications & Computer Networking (3) (@) Whatis a protocol data unit (PDU)? [3 marks J (b) What are the major functions provided by the network layer in the OSI model ? [3 marks } (©) Given that a modem/telephone data link using a idle RQ ( stop & wait ) protocol is to be set up with data transmission rate of 28800 bps and frame size of 2880 bits for the following situations (Type A) A local call link, distance 10 km (Type B) A long distance terrestrial link, distance 4000 km (Type C) 4 geo-stationary satellite link ‘Assume that signals propagate at 210° m/s for the terrestrial links and the propagation delay for satellite link is constant at 0.25s. (i) Calculate the propagation delays for Type A and Type B. [4 marks } (ii) Caleulate the link utilisation U of all the link types. ‘Assume that the links are error-free, the ACK-frame is much shorter than the Iframe and their processing times are much smaller than the corresponding transmission times. [6 marks ] (iii) Calculate U for the case where the bit error rate (BER). P of the links are 10°. [6 marks ] (iv) Suggest suitable time-out periods for all the link types. [3 marks } Continued .. SWLILBECP 2072 Data Communications & Computer Networking, (4) (a) In 1995 there were about 8 million Ethernet and IP addresses in use. Assume that the number of required IP and Ethernet addresses doubles every year. How many years (from 1995) that we will run out of new IP addresses ? How many years (from 1995) that we will run out of new Ethernet addresses ? ‘Assume that the current addressing standards continue to be adopted. [6 marks } (b) The carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMAICD) is the simplest form Ethernet media access control (MAC) used in a bus LAN, Explain briefly the working the principles of CSMA/CD based on the keywords underlined above. [6 marks ] (6) Efficiency of a LAN CSMA/CD protocol, is defined as the ratio of frame transmission time, 7 over the total time taken ( transmission time plus time wasted to access medium ). The efficiency has been determined as follows = 1 Newno!Cd = 5g where a= p/ + and p= signal maximum propagation delay. Assume the speed of signal propagation over coaxial cable is 2x 10° ms. (@ Calculate qesuaico for a node attached to a 250m long coaxial cable with transmission rate of 10-Mbps and 620-bit packets. [3 marks ] (ii) Calculate mesuarcp for a node attached to a 2.5km long coaxial cable with transmission rate of 10-Mbps and 620-bit packets. (3 marks ] (iii) Calculate mesyuco for a node attached to a 250m tong coaxial cable with transmission rate of 1-Gbps and 620-bit packets. [3 marks } (iv) State all the factors that affect the efficiency of CSMA/CD and thus explain the results obtained in (i), (ii) & (ii). [4 marks ] . Continued ... SWLAB ara