W200/W220

00
Contents - Instructions - Terminology

1019 Page 1
 W200/W220

Contents - Instructions - Terminology .............................................................................................................3

00.1.General remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

00.2.General rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
00.2.1.Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
00.2.2.Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
00.2.3.Safety precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

00.3.Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
00.3.1.Designation of cylinders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
00.3.2.Location of valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
00.3.3.Crankshaft and camshaft bearings (see fig. 00-04 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
00.3.4.Other definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

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 W200/WW20 Contents - Instructions - Terminology 00.

00. Contents - Instructions - Terminology

00.1. General remarks
The purpose of this manual is to give the user a guide for operation
and maintenance of the engine. This manual has been prepared
using the manufacturer’s best knowledge and experience. The ma-
nual is part of the documentation supplied with the engine.
It is very well imaginable that, before starting or during performing
particular jobs, you have questions to which the manual gives no
answer. In this case do not take any unnecessary risks, contact your
local Wärtsilä Service network.
Wärtsilä reserves the right to minor alterations and improvements
due to engine development without obligation to enter the corres-
ponding changes in this manual.
The operation and/or maintenance work described in this Manual
must only be carried out by trained technicians specialized in these
type of engines.
Make sure that everyone working on the engine has this manual at
his disposal and understands its contents.
Ensure that all equippment and tools for maintenance are in good
condition.
Use only genuine parts to ensure the best efficiency, reliability and
lifetime of the engine and its components.
No settings modification can be brought without a prior written ap-
proval from Wärtsila. Modifying the settings may affect the warran-
ty.
The customer will be solely responsible in the following cases
(among other things) :
· For failure caused by neglecting to consult the engine do-
cumentation, resulting in engine troubles, short lifetime of
components, personal injury or damage to property or en-
vironment.
· For faulty treatment or bad engine operating, even when
the circumstances are not described in the engine docu-
mentation.
· For any consequence resulting from incorrect translation
or interpretation of the original engine documentation
supplied with the engine.

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 00. Contents - Instructions - Terminology W200/WW20

00.2. General rules

00.2.1. Operation
Normal operation and supervision includes all activities ensuring a
smooth and trouble free operation of the complete installation at
the lowest costs as well as the guarantee of the safety of all the
employees working on that installation. The good running of the
engine depends mainly on the engine support quality.

Note : It is recommended to keep a logbook for each engine and to

record engine parameters and maintenances performed.

00.2.2. Maintenance
1 Before removing any components, check that the systems
concerned have been drained and pressure released. When dis-
mantling, immediately seal off oil, fuel and air holes with adhesive
tape, suitable plugs, clean cloths, etc…
2 When replacing a worn or damaged part that has an identifi-
cation mark indicating the cylinder or bearing number, mark
the new part in the same manner at the same spot. Each replace-
ment should be recorded in the engine logbook and the reason
for the replacement clearly explained.
3 Some gasket material loses part of its compression ability
after some time. For security, check all bolt connections of
joints where gaskets have been renewed.
4 Make the engine ready for operation after each mainte-
nance job. Run the engine and check proper working.
5 After reassembling, check that all screws and nuts are
tightened and locked, if necessary.

00.2.3. Safety precautions

Warning : Improper practices or carelessness can cause burns, cuts, mutilation,

asphyxiation or other bodily injuries or even death.
Read and understand all the safety precautions and warnings before
performing any repair. This list contains the general safety precau-
tions that must be followed to ensure personal safety.

· Make sure the work area surrounding the product is dry,

well lit, ventilated, free from clutter, loose tools, parts,
ignition sources and hazardous substances. Be aware of
hazardous conditions that can exist.
· Always wear safety glasses, gloves and protective shoes
when working.
· Rotating parts can cause cuts, mutilation or strangulation.
· Do not wear loose-fitting or torn clothing. Remove all
jewelry when working.

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 W200/WW20 Contents - Instructions - Terminology 00.

· Disconnect the battery (negative [-] cable first) and dis-

charge any capacitors before beginning any repair work.
Disconnect the air starting motor if equipped to prevent
accidental engine starting. Put a “Do Not Operate” tag in
the operator’s compartment or on the controls.
· Use ONLY the proper engine turning gear to rotate the en-
gine manually.
· If an engine has been operating and the coolant is hot, al-
low the engine to cool before you slowly loosen the filler
cap and relieve the pressure from the cooling system.
· Do not work on anything that is supported ONLY by lifting
jacks or a hoist. Always use blocks or proper stands to
support the product before performing any service work.
· Relieve all pressure in the air, oil, fuel and the cooling sys-
tems before any lines, fittings, or related items are re-
moved or disconnected. Be alert for possible pressure
when disconnecting any device from a system that uses
pressure. Do not check for pressure leaks with your hand.
High-pressure can cause personal injury.
· To protect the environment, liquid refrigerant systems
must be properly emptied and filled using equippment that
prevents the release of refrigerant.
· To avoid personal injury, use a hoist or get assistance
when lifting components that weigh 25 kg or more. Make
sure all lifting devices such as chains, hooks or slings are
in good condition and are of the correct capacity. Make
sure hooks are correctly positioned. Always use a
spreader bar when necessary. The lifting hooks must not
be side-loaded.
· Follow the safety instructions written on all water treat-
ment products.
· To avoid burns, be alert for hot parts on products that have
just been turned off, and hot fluids in lines, tubes, and
compartments.
· Always use tools that are in good condition. Make sure you
understand how to use them before performing any
service work. Use ONLY Wärtsilä parts.
· Always use the internal part number (SPC) in accordance
with the Spare Parts Book for all replaced fasteners. Do
not use fastener tools of lesser quality if case of replace-
ment.
· Do not perform any repair when tired or after consuming
alcohol or drugs that can impair your vigilance. Avoid in-
halation of vapors, ingestion, and prolonged contact with
used engine oil.
Each engine door and engine component cover shall be in place
while the engine is in normal operation, except when
troubleshooting.

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 00. Contents - Instructions - Terminology W200/WW20

00.3. Terminology
00.3.1. Designation of cylinders.
According to ISO 1204 and DIN 6265, the designation of cylinders
begins at the Flywheel end. The A Bank is on the operating side and
the B Bank is on the rear side.
The most important terms used in this manual are defined as fol-
lows.

FREE END

FLYWHEEL END

Fig. 00-01 (16V only for W200 engine)

a) Operating side (A side) : The longitudinal side of the engine where

the operating devices are located (start and stop, instrument
panel, speed governor or engine control system).
b) Rear side (B side) : The longitudinal side of the engine opposite
the operating side.
c) Flywheel end : The end of the engine where the flywheel is lo-
cated.
d) Free end : The end opposite to the flywheel end.

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 W200/WW20 Contents - Instructions - Terminology 00.

00.3.2. Location of valves

Exhaust valve

Inlet vlave

Fig. 00-02

A. Inlet valve
B. Inlet valve
C. Exhaust valve
D. Exhaust valve

Fig. 00-03

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 00. Contents - Instructions - Terminology W200/WW20

00.3.3. Crankshaft and camshaft bearings (see fig. 00-04

)

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

5 4 3 2 1 0 00

00

A 00

5 4 3 2 1 0

Fig. 00-04

a) Crankshaft bearings : the shielded bearing (closest to the fly-

wheel) is bearing N° 0. The first standard bearing is bearing N° 1,
the second N° 2, etc... Thrust bearings are numbered 00 (outer,
closest to the flywheel) and 0 (inner, furthest from the flywheel).
b) Camshaft bearings : like the crankshaft bearings, the thrust bear-
ings are numbered 00 (outer, closest to the flywheel) and 0 (in-
ner). The first standard bearing is N° 1, the second N° 2, etc.
c) Camshaft bushing : the camshaft bushing located close to the fly-
wheel is N° 0. The second is N° 1. Thrust bearings are designated
by numbers 0 (inner) and 00 (outer).

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 W200/WW20 Contents - Instructions - Terminology 00.

00.3.4. Other definitions

a) Counterclockwise rotating engine : when the engine is viewed from
the flywheel end, the crankshaft rotates counterclockwise.
b) Bottom Dead Centre (BDC) : position of the piston when the turn-
ing point of the stroke is reached at the bottom of the cylinder.
c) Top dead Centre (TDC) : position of the piston when the
turning point of the stroke is reached at the top of the cylinder.

Note : How to identify the TDC : see Chap 06.

During a complete working cycle corresponding to two revolutions

of the crankshaft in a four-stroke engine, the piston reaches the Top
Dead Centre twice :
TDC at scavenging
The first time when the exhaust stroke of the previous working cy-
cle ends and the intake stroke of the following one begins. Exhaust
valves as well as inlet valves are then partly open and scavenging
takes place. If the crankshaft is turned back and forth in this TDC
area, both exhaust and inlet valves tend to open or close, a fact that
indicates the piston is near top position which is called TDC at
scavenging.
TDC at firing
The second time is at the end of the compression stroke and before
the working stroke starts. Slightly before this TDC the ignition takes
place and therefore this TDC can be defined as TDC at firing. In this
case, all valves are closed and do not move if the crankshaft is
turned.

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