See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/364334170

SECURITY AND SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS

Presentation · June 2022

CITATIONS READS

0 122

1 author:

Engr. Fidelis C. Obodoeze

Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana
55 PUBLICATIONS   82 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

RENEWABLE ENERGY AND SMART ENVIRONMENT View project

IT Industrial Automation View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Engr. Fidelis C. Obodoeze on 15 October 2022.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 SECURITY AND SURVEILLANCE
SYSTEMS
Engr. Fidelis C. Obodoeze MNSE
Senior Lecturer Department of Computer Engineering Technology Akanu Ibiam Federal polytechnic
Unwana, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
MD/CEO MYRASOFT & MTRACKERS SECURITIES
Email: fcobodoeze@gmail.com
Phone Number/WhatsApp: 08062926704
Webiste: www.mtrackers.com.ng
www.myrasoft.ng

1.0 Introduction
According to Wikipedia (2022), surveillance is the monitoring of behavior, many activities,
or information for the purpose of information gathering, influencing, managing or directing.

1.1 Different surveillance methods

 Electronic surveillance – Electronic surveillance equipment is often the most
used tool during an investigation.
 Interviews – Interviews are far less common, but they can serve a purpose in
certain investigations.
 Observation – You can gather a lot of information just by observing someone.

1.2 Difference between Surveillance and Security

What is security and surveillance System?

Surveillance systems such as CCTV cameras are very useful for detecting, recording, and
deterring any unwanted activity, but require a person constantly watching them for
immediate actions to be taken.

Security systems are more conducive to stopping a crime before it happens and alerts
authorities in real time rather than after the fact. Example include GPS Auto tracker; it can
stop or prevent a car or vehicle from being stolen where it is parked.

1
Surveillance and security systems work hand in hand to greater effect. Surveillance can be
overt or covert. Covert is secret while overt is open or not secret. A spy camera is a covert
surveillance equipment while a PZT camera is a covert equipment. Installation of a GPS
tracker in a car or vehicle should be covert so that thieves will not detect the location where
it is installed. Surveillance and security systems are major components of smart City
concepts.

1.3 Types of Security and surveillance Systems

The following electronic systems are the major types of security and surveillance systems:

1. Close Circuit Television (CCTV) Cameras

2. Global Positioning System (GPS) trackers
3. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (Drones)
4. Radio Frequency Identifications (RFID)

1.4 Types of Surveillance Cameras

They are two major types of Surveillance Cameras:

- Analog Cameras
- Digital or IP Cameras

Most of the CCTV cameras in use today are now IP Cameras. They transmit video data
over an Internet Protocol address such as local area network or the Internet. Analogue
cameras are gradually being phased out. Analogue cameras require Network Video
Recorder (NVR) or Digital Video Recorder (DVR) to store and record video data but IP
cameras do not require DVR or NVR storage or recorder; they transmit video data over the
digital network or the Internet using WiFi or 4G or Wireless LAN.

Difference between NVR and DVR Recorders:

- NVR allows video from Analogue cameras to be uploaded to an online storage server
while DVR allows video to be stored in the premises using SSD Hard disk
- NVR is more costly than DVR

1.5 Digital or IP cameras

1. CCTV Cameras

They are installed or needed to monitor in real-time video immovable assets such as factory,
offices, shops, homes, power plants, telecommunication base stations, physical equipment,
markets, etc. They they come in different types, shapes, and operations.

2
Types of CCTV Cameras:

1. Indoor Cameras
2. Outdoor Cameras
3. Dome shaped cameras
4. PTZ Cameras
5. Bullet shaped cameras
6. IP or Network cameras
7. WiFi Cameras
8. 4G Cameras
9. Solar Powered cameras
10. Fish-eye and Bulb cameras

Fig.1 : Solar Powered wall-mounted 4G Camera

3
Fig. 2: Solar powered 4G PZT camera

Fig.3 : Indoor Dome Camera

4
Fig. 4: Outdoor Bullet Camera

Fig. 5: Bullet Camera

5
 Fig.6: Fish-eye Indoor 360 degrees Camera

Fig. 7: Indoor Wifi Bulb/Fisheye 360o Camera

6
 Fig. 8: Panoramic Fisheye 360o Bulb WiFi Camera

Major Features of CCTV Cameras:

1. Motion detection
2. Night Vision
3. Shape of camera
4. Inbuilt battery/Battery powered or electricity powered
5. 2-way audio communication
6. Range of detection
7. Storage capacity
8. Angle of detection or coverage
9. WiFi or 4G connectivity

Applications of CCTV cameras:

1. Home, offices, factories, shops, hospitals, Markets, churches
2. Farms
3. Factories for monitoring industrial processes/activities
4. Power Plants, Telecom installations, Oil & Gas Wells, Pipelines, etc

7
1.6 GPS TRACKERS
Global Positioning Systems trackers.

- Uses GPS satellite Positioning systems to track and locate the whereabouts of objects.
Objects can include humans, animals, vehicles, or moving or stationary objects.

- It works with GPRS GSM Telecommunication technology to detect and locate an object.
So it uses GSM 3G SIM CARD

- It is installed covertly in different locations in a vehicle. It can be controlled using up to

six GSM numbers or mobile phones.
- It has inbuilt lithium battery for backup and operation when the car battery is removed.
- It can be used to track the current location of a vehicle or view history playback of past
movements or whereabouts of a vehicle

Fig. 9: GPS Tracking System and how it works

8
 Fig.10: A Mini GPS Auto Tracker (charges externally)

Fig.11: A waterproof 303F GPS Auto Tracker (with inbuilt battery)

9
Fig.12: A waterproof 303F GPS Auto Tracker (with installation kits and internal antenna)

Fig.13: GPS Auto tracker with external GPS and GPRS antenna

10
Features of a good GPS Auto Tracker:
1. It should have an inbuilt battery that can last up to 24 hours or more
2. It should have a demobilizer or relay system to stop a moving vehicle when
stolen or to prevent a car from being stolen where it is parked
3. It should allow multiple phone numbers to control it
4. It should allow App monitoring or control
5. It should be able to withstand jamming systems
6. It should be durable, waterproof and rugged
7. It should be able to allow self-charging using car’s electrical system
8. It should allow history playback for Fleet management control
9. It should have a voice monitoring system or Microphone inbuilt
10. The commands should be easy to use and remember
11. It should be able to resists frequency jamming

Installation of GPS Auto trackers:

1. It can be installed in different covert or hidden locations in a vehicle
2. It can be wired to a car’s wiring electrical system

Four main wires are needed:- +12 Volts positive wire, 0 V or ground wire, +12 Ignition
Accessory wire, and Fuel Pump wire cut into two and connected with a Relay system.

2.0 Conclusion
Security is everybody’s business. We need to secure ourselves, families, businesses and
assets. Electronic security and surveillance systems is the way to go now using the
leverages of information and communication technology (ICT).

We don’t need to wait until something bad happens before we take action. Security and
surveillance systems have become available and affordable now in Nigeria. Let us take
action now to secure our lives, assets and businesses.

References
1. Wikipedia.com
2. Mtrackers, www.mtrackers.com.ng

11

View publication stats