ANSWERS -> MIDTERM

REVIEW
MTH 281- MID TERM REVIEW- SPRING 2023
Chapter 3
Q1 Match each statement as an example of classical probability, empirical probability, or subjective
probability. - -

a) An expert&predicts that there is a 85% chance that more than 60% population will be infected
with Coronavirus in China over the next 90 days.
subjective classical
b) In a family with three children, the probability same genderI
-that all the children are of the& is 0.25.

c) Based on -
a survey in Abu Dhabi, it is estimated that there is -
a 29% chance that a UAE resident
would consider buying an electric vehicle to contribute to narrowing emissions. Empirical
d) The probability that the -
-
demand of electric cars in UAE will rise in 2023 is 0.60 -> subjective
e) According to a-recent research study, there is a-
28% chance of randomly selecting an
overweight or obese child from UAE elementary schools.
n
Empirical
f) A company has -20 employees (You are one of them) and the - "employee of the month" will be I
you will be selected isE
randomly selected from those employees. The probability that - 0.05. 20
classical
Q2 An order for a laptop can specify three choices for a I f
processor, four choices for a graphic card, six
-
- -

choices for memory, five choices for a hard drive and two colors. The-
number of possible orders
- --

I
hard "2
is____. 4 6
3 x X -
X I X
color
-
-

graphic memory
processor
↑3
26
- 10
Q3 A-
5- character password is formed by three upper case letters followed by two digits.
- - - -

A) How many passwords can be formed? letter

-

en digits
II I
n(s)
possible - 26x26x26x Tox0 100
=

outcomes
B) If a password is randomly selected, then what is the-
probability that access code contain
- -

-
only vowels?
(a,2, i,0,4)
Event= SxSX10x10 12500
=

(only vowels)
=>

n -

12500
-1971
P(E)
t
=
=
-

1757,600
 0 -
9 -
1,3,5,59

C) If a password is randomly -
selected, then what is the -
probability that password contain

- E
7,400
only odd digits?

(odd digits) 26x2656 x5 x5

---
=

439,400 -
=
PCE) =

- 0.25

1757600

26 - 5 21
=

24
D) If a password is randomly selected, then what is the probability that password contain no
-

vowels?

In(norowels)
ExxEx Fox To
=

P(E) nE) ⑰100

60
=

0.5269
-

n(s)

-
Q4 A recent survey of college students revealed that during any weekend afternoon, 37% receive a

A - -
text message, 29% receive an e-mail and I
18% receive both a text message and an e-mail .

A
or B
-
Suppose a college student is selected at random, what is the probability that he/she receives a
I
text message or an email during any weekend afternoon?

P(A) 0.37
=
↑(B) 0.29 =
P(AandB) 0.18 =

PCA or B) P(A)=
+ P(B) -
PCA and B)
=0.37 +0.29-0.18

748
=
Q5 UAE Tech has submitted two bids for two IT projects (A and B). The-
probability of getting project
--

-
A is 0.62. The probability of getting project B is 0.54. The probability of getting at least one of
- -

-
the projects is 0.88. Find the probability that UAE Tech will get both projects.
-

P(A) 0.62 = P(B) 0.54 = P(Aor B) 0.88 =

P(A and B) =? P(A and B)

P(A) + P(B) -

P(A or B) =

L
↓ L
=0.62
+0.54-P(AandB)
0.88,
0.88 1.16-P(AandB)
=
=> G
A

13 -
1
Q6 As per college records, the probability of a student taking a chemistry course is 0.40, the
probability to take an Arabic course is 0.55, and the probability of taking-
both courses is 0.22.
-

Are the events “ Taking chemistry “ and “ Taking Arabic”

A and B
P(A) 0.40
=

a) Independent and mutually exclusive

P(B) 0.55=

b) Mutually exclusive but not independent

c) Not mutually exclusive and not independent P(A and B) =
&--
d) Independent bur not mutually exclusive

P(A and B)
0.22 IO
mu tually exclusive =

um um
exclusive
Not mutually

endees) P ② P(A and B) P(A) xP(B)

I
=

⑪ =
=0.4x0.55
↓

↓
↓ =0.22

Pand)
P(B) [MdB)
P(A) P(B) =
X

a nd B are independent
-04
0.22 -> A
-
0.55
 -
Q7 A smoke-detector system uses three devices, A, B and C, independent of each other. If smoke is
present, the probability that it will be detected by device A is 0.93; by device B is 0.93; and by device

PTBS
- -

C is 0.89.
P(A)
P(C)
-

I) If smoke is present, find the probability that the smoke will be detected by the three devices.

P(A and Banda) p(

=

xP(B) P x

Le
=

0.93 x0.93x0.89

=98 E1 =

0.07
=
- 0.93

II) If smoke is present, find the A -

probability that the smoke will be detected at least one device.

P (at least) 1 p(none) note)

-
=

one
and not B and
A
=1 - p (not
P(A and is and i)
=1
dya,5
-

.
-

1 -
c. 0.11)
-
Q8 The table shows the results of a survey that asked 800 college students about their preferred class
delivery mode: On-campus, on-line or hybrid (mixed). The responses are classified by preference and
gender.

e P(E) =
E
14
Given that a randomly selected student is a1
1 female, what is the probability that she is in favor of
- -

on-campus classes.

female). and
-

P
Campus) female) us
-

480
P (female) -

⑱0
P(A(B) PAndB)
=
-

= 15
Q9 The table below shows the results of a survey that asked 900 adults about whether they verify the
information they receive via social media platforms before sharing it with others. The responses are
n e e

classified the responses by the education level of the respondents.

[ O

E ⑳
↓
(a) Find the probability that a randomly selected respondent has a-
college degree.

P(college deg) dgedeg)

=1t5
=

n(s)
(b) Find the -
probability that a randomly selected respondent has a verified college degree.

(verfy and
cage) -

-
A
-that a randomly selected respondent has a college degree or verifies
(c) Find the probability
information before sharing.

P(A or B) P(A)=
+ P(B) P(A and
=
B)
410
500
I
575
->
800
-
~
given
hat - 175
O -
(d) If the randomly selected respondent has a college degree, what is the probability that he/she
verifies information before sharing?
-

- I

P) verify/college) were
college):
and

P(colleges
Jog
50684
=
 W

W
A B
I
(e) Are the events "The respondent has a college degree" and "He/she verifies information before
- -

sharing" indepndent? Y for Yes, N for No

- -

P(AandB) P(A) xP(B)

=

410 X 575
-> 5 =

-
500 500
800

1938 1083684
=

- Not Independentbecause
P(AandB) F P(A) xP(B)
(Dependent) A B
college degree" and "He/she -
(f) Are the events "The respondent has ae verifies information before
-
sharing" mutually exclusive?Y for Yes, N for No

Mutually exclusive
F0 0.3938
P(AandB) =

Not mutually exclusive

Chapter 4- We already reviewed in class in details.

Recording link:
Zoom
recording link
https://zu-ac-ae.zoom.us/rec/share/
dbmOYQbXeGWd7xxxgoQ2AvHikSpOyPnaqnxzsqTEh
VtAkKnTUs96ZAM3Am4pGl5I.7u2lv36rrWAdFkSR
Passcode: ?wnuqY22
281-
507-
Preview Test: Practice Quiz (1)
SPRING2023-
1--
Probability
and
Statistics-
Test Information
CRN:22277
Description
Instructions
In fill in blank questions, please round your answer according to the
instructions given in the question.
Online calculators:
Binomial
Distribution: https://homepage.divms.uiowa.edu/~mbognar/applets/bin.htm
l
Poisson
Distribution: https://homepage.divms.uiowa.edu/~mbognar/applets/pois.ht
ml
Formula Sheet: Quiz (1) Formula Sheet

Multiple
Attempts
Not allowed. This test can only be taken once.
Recording
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Completion
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for chapter
Your answers are saved automatically. 4
Answers
blackboard
posted on

QUESTION 1 5 points   Save Answer

Which of the following are required conditions for the distribution of a discrete random
variable X?
a. 0≤P(x)≤1 for all x
b. ∑ P(x)=1 for all x
c. Both a and b are required conditions.
d. Neither a nor b are required conditions.

QUESTION 2 5 points   Save Answer

Which of the following is a valid probability distribution?

x -5 0 5 10
P(x) 0.4 0.3 0.13 0.18

x 20 30 40 50
P(x) 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.25

x 0 1 2 3
P(x) 0.5 0.4 0.2 -0.1
 x 0.5 1 1.5 2
P(x) 0.15 0.35 0.35 0.15

QUESTION 3 5 points   Save Answer

Which of the following is an example of a discrete random variable?

The volume of blood drawn for a blood test.
The number of COVID-19 new cases in UAE.
The recovery time of a Covid-19 patient.
The amount of rain that falls in Abu Dhabi over a 24-hour period.

QUESTION 4 5 points   Save Answer

Suppose the number of environmental incidents reported during a month in Musaffah is a

random variable with probability distribution given in the graph below.

Find the probability that there will be more than 9 incidents next month.

QUESTION 5 5 points   Save Answer

Suppose the number of environmental incidents reported during a month in Musaffah is a

random variable with probability distribution given in the graph below.
 Find the probability that there will be at most 7 incidents next month.

QUESTION 6 5 points   Save Answer

Suppose the number of environmental incidents reported during a month in Musaffah is a

random variable with probability distribution given in the graph below.

Find the probability that there will be at least 9 incidents next month.

QUESTION 7 5 points   Save Answer

Suppose the number of environmental incidents reported during a month in Musaffah is a

random variable with probability distribution given in the graph below.
 Without canculations, the expected number of monthly environmental incidents will be
less than 8.5
greater than 8.5
8.5
any number from 5 to 12

QUESTION 8 5 points   Save Answer

Let X be the number of smoke detectors installed in a randomly selected apartment in

Dubai. The following table presents the probability distribution of X.
x 0 1 2 3
P(x) 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1
Calculate the mean and standard deviation of the number of smoke detectors installed in
apartments in Dubai. Round your answers to two decimal places.
Mean=

Standard Deviation=

QUESTION 9 5 points   Save Answer

Which of the following is an example of a binomial experiment?

Selecting ZU students randomly one by one until finding fifty COVID-19 vaccinated
ones.
Selecting fifty ZU students randomly and asking them which COVID-19 vaccination have
they taken.
Selecting fifty ZU students randomly and asking them if they have taken COVID-19
vaccination.
Selecting fifty ZU students randomly and asking them how many of their family are
COVID-19 vaccinated.

QUESTION 10 5 points   Save Answer

Which of the following is true about binomial distribution?

Each trial will have more than two possible outcomes
The probability of the outcome of any trial varies over time
The outcomes of the trials are statistically independent of each other
It is a continuous distribution
QUESTION 11 5 points   Save Answer

According to a web security firm, 30% of email messages received are spam. Suppose your
inbox contains 22 new messages, what is the probability that 3 of them are spam? Round
the answer to 4 decimal digits.

QUESTION 12 5 points   Save Answer

According to a web security firm, 30% of email messages received are spam. Suppose your
inbox contains 25 new messages, what is the probability that at most 5 of them are spam?
Round the answer to 4 decimal digits.

QUESTION 13 5 points   Save Answer

Suppose that 8% of registered automobiles in Abu Dhabi violate the emirate emissions
standard. Fifteen automobiles are selected at random to undergo an emissions test.

a. Find the probability that two of them violate the standard.

b. Find the probability that at most three of them violate the standard.

c. Find the probability that at least one of them violate the standard.

d. Find the probability that fewer than five of them violate the standard.

e. Find the probability that fourteen of them do not violate the standard.

Note: Round all your answers to four decimal places (Example: 0.3256)

QUESTION 14 5 points   Save Answer

According to a recent study, 14% of school children in Sharjah are obese. Suppose that 150
school children in Sharjah are selected at random. The mean and standard deviation of the
number of children who are NOT obese are
4.25 and 129
Question Completion Status:
129 and 4.25
129 and 18.06
21 and 4.25

QUESTION 15 5 points   Save Answer

Which of the following statements is true?

A Poisson distribution will be left-skewed for λ=2.
A binomial distribution with p = 0.90 will be right-skewed.
A binomial distribution with p = 0.1 will be right-skewed.
A binomial distribution p = 0.50 will be left-skewed.

QUESTION 16 5 points   Save Answer

Which of the following cannot generate a Poisson distribution?

 The number of reported cyber attacks against businesses in UAE per month.
The number of Environmental Science and Sustainability students enrolled in this
MTH281 section.
The number of 999 calls received by Abu Dhabi Police every day.
The number of cars arriving a drive-through COVID-19 screening center per hour.

QUESTION 17 5 points   Save Answer

Work-related accidents at a construction site tend to have a Poisson distribution with an

average of 2 accidents per week. What is the probability that there will be five work-related
accidents during a given month? Round your answer to four decimal digits.

QUESTION 18 5 points   Save Answer

A newspaper finds that the mean number of typographical errors per page is five. The
probability that more than six typographical errors are found on a page is
0.1462
0.3840
0.2378
0.7622

QUESTION 19 5 points   Save Answer

The number of people entering the intensive care unit (ICU) at a particular hospital has a
Poisson probability distribution with an average of five persons per day. What is the
probability that the number of people entering the ICU on a particular day will exceed 10?
0.0181
0.0318
0.0137
0.0681

QUESTION 20 5 points   Save Answer

The number of environmental violations committed by the industrial establishments in Jebal

Ali Industrial Area is a random variable having the Poisson distribution with a mean of 7
violations per week.

a. What is the probability that there will be 8 violations next week?

b. What is the probability that there will be no more than 5 violations next week?

c. What is the probability that there will be 10 or more violations next week?

d. What is the probability that there will be more than 14 violations next week?

e. What is the probability that there will be 15 violations in the next two weeks?

Round all your answers to four decimal places (Example: 0.1234).

Click Save and Submit to save and submit. Click Save All Answers to save all answers.
 Chapter 5
• Link for online Normal Calculator : https://davidmlane.com/hyperstat/z_table.html

-lowest
Q10 The following graph presents the probability curves of three normal distributions: A, B and C.

Illit
SD

SD

normal

symmetric
Which of the following statements is NOT true? median
mean:

-i) rBY VA -mode

True r
variance
->
True
SD
cannot
True
--
negative
I -
Q11 Which of the following statements is (are) true about the normal distribution?

a) If the mean of a normal distribution is negative, the standard deviation must also be negative.
- -
e -
F
b) A normal distribution is completely determined by-
two parameters, its mean and its standard
- - en

deviation. True

-
-
c) The area under a normal curve is always equal to 1, no matter the mean and standard
-

-
S
deviation.
- - True -- True
d) The-
smaller the standard deviation of a normal curve, the higher and narrower the graph is.
-

-
e) The area under the standard normal curve between 0 and 2 is twice the area between 0 and 1.
- -
False 0.3413
area 0.4772
=

· 1.39
=
 X online
-> 185mg/d/
- u =

Q12.- -
Cholesterol levels of adult women are normally distributed with a mean of 185 mg/dL and a
- -

-
standard deviation of 32. What is the probability( proportion) that a randomly selected adult woman
-

ru
will have cholesterol level

P(X [200) 0.6804

= area

A. below 200 mg/dL? =

B. exceeding 160 mg/dL? P(X) 160) 0.7827

=

C. between 150 and 240 mg/dL?

P(150<x <240) 0.8201
=

D. below 120 or above 270 mg/dL

-
- P(X<120d x 7 270) 0.0251 =

or

X
--
Q13 The starting salaries for computer security specialists are roughly normally distributed with a
-

mean of 20,000 Dhs and a standard deviation of 2,500 Dhs. What is the-
-
probability that a randomly
selected computer security specialist will start with a salary
u 20,000 Dhs
=

A. of 25,000 Dhs? P(X 25,000) 0

=

Dhs
~ 2500
=

B. of at least 22,000 Dhs

-
P(X), 22000) P(X) 22000) 0.2119
= =

C. of at most 19,000Dhs P(X < 19,000) P(X(19000) 0.3446

=
=

D. of no more than 17,000

-
P(X((7000) 0.1151
=

E. between 17,500 and 25,000 Dhs?

P(17500(x(25000) 0.8186
=
 use value from area option
Q14 A psychological introvert–extrovert test produced scores that had a normal distribution with mean
-
and standard deviation 81 and 8, respectively. If we wish to designate the highest 8% as extroverts,

-
what would be the minimum score for a person to be designated as extrovert? Round your answer
to the nearest whole number.
P(X) a) 0.08
=

↓
0.08
minimum

-
=

score
area data

I for highest8%
-

-
a
-
92.24/
a
=

22241 e
Q15 Assume that the heights of palm trees in UAE have a mean of 12.5 m with a standard deviation of
---
I
2.4 m, and that the heights are-
normally distributed. Between what two values does the middle 75% of
-

the heights lie?

0.88
=

arca
P) a<X(b) 0.80
=

-
↳
a 9.42
=

-I b 15.58
=

a 12.5
9.42 15.58
Q16 The costs of repairing iPads in UAE are normally distributed with a mean of 161 Dhs. If 3% of the
- - --

-
costs exceed 263 Dhs, find the standard deviation of the costs. Round your answer to the nearest
-

dirham (Whole number).

-
?
N
0.03
=

① We first

s
-

find a value above

which we find 3.1
area (Online calculator
it 2 -
score

-mor
zX M
of 263
-
=
-

1.881 263-161
=

-
-

5I
3 161
3 2
881
- =
 Sampling Distributions and Central Limit theorem
Q17 The PC Magazine shows that the mean price for liquid crystal display (LCD) computer monitors is
-
$200 with a standard deviation of $30. If 36 LCD computer monitors are randomly selected, then the
-

distribution of the sample mean price is

a) Exactly normal with mean $200 and standard deviation $30.

b) Approximately normal with mean $200 and standard deviation $30.

-
c) Approximately normal with mean $200 and standard deviation $5.
d) Can't be determined without more information.

Distribution of
populationane Iapproximatesare
Size is n 36
=

~ I

Q18 The PC Magazine shows that the mean price for liquid crystal display (LCD) computer monitors is
S
$200 with a standard deviation of $30. If 20 LCD computer monitors are randomly selected, then the
distribution of the sample mean price is

a) Exactly normal with mean $200 and standard deviation $30.

b) Approximately normal with mean $200 and standard deviation $30.
c) Approximately normal with mean $200 and standard deviation $5.

-
d) Can't be determined without more information. Distribution

Populationthe ofI not

M
normal
n 20
=
condition of
size not satisfied
size
Q19 Which of the following statements is (are) true about the sampling distribution of the sample
mean?

a) The sampling distribution of sample mean will be approximately normal as long as the
distribution of the population is normal. False

b) If the distribution of the sample means of samples of size 6 looks skewed, then the underlying
population distribution can't be normal.
True
c) As n increases, the expected value of the sample means decreases. False
d) As n increases, the standard error of the sample means decreases. True
e) The sampling distribution of the sample mean is normal, no matter what n is, if the population
has a normal distribution.
True

-pulation -
Q20 The distribution of the salaries of sustainability analysts is skewed to the right. If Shamma is
interested in estimating the mean salary of a sample of sustainability analysts, which of the following is
true?

a) The sampling distribution of the sample mean will also be approximately normal for sufficiently
large sample sizes. True
b) The sampling distribution of the mean will be right skewed provided that the sample size is
sufficiently large. False
c) The sampling distribution will be left-skewed. False
d) The expected value of the sample mean will be less than the population mean for small sample
sizes. False
 e
Q21 The cholesterol content of a certain brand of eggs is-
normally distributed with a mean of 215 mg
-

and a standard deviation of 15 mg. A sample of 25 eggs was selected. Find that probability that mean
cholesterol level is. I I
* exactly normal
Population normal with

Me -
M= 215 =

=En

s
-

A) above 230mg
P(X) 230) 0
=

B) at most 230 mg 230) P(X(230)

P(X = =
1
=

3,230) P(X)230)
0
P(X
=
=

C) at least 230 mg

0
D) Exactly 230 mg P(X 230) = =

Q22 Suppose that the salaries of Data Scinetists in UAE have right skewed distribution with mean
30,000 Dhs and standard deviation 4,500 Dhs. A random sample of 9 Data Scinetists is selected. What
is the probability the mean salary of the sample is more than 32,000 Dhs?

population -
Right skewed sample size=9
small size

e
-
Distribution of
we cannot
will be
solve sample means
not normal.
this Q.