AAO Continuing Education
Earn 3 hours of CE credit CE Editor: Dr. Michael Rennert
Instructions: To submit your answers to this test and earn 3 hours of
CE credit, log on to www.AAOmembers.org. Select the link for the
Store, where you can purchase the examination for $20 (a 20%
discount off the regular $25 fee). You will receive e-mails confirming
your order and instructing you how to access the test. Follow the
instructions to complete the examination (you will be directed to a
Learning objectives
After completing this course, the participant will be able to:
1. Understand how well Invisalign works.
2. Evaluate esthetic brackets’ resistance to torsional forces from the
archwire.
3. Discuss bond failure of gingivally offset mandibular premolar
brackets.
4. Discuss nickel concentration in the saliva of patients with nickel-
titanium orthodontic appliances.
5. Discuss profile changes in orthodontic patients treated with man-
dibular advancement surgery.
6. Understand the problems of creating age-dependent cephalometric
standards.
Article 1. How well does Invisalign work? A prospective clinical
study evaluating the efficacy of tooth movement with Invisalign,
by Neal D. Kravitz et al
1. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of tooth
movement with removable polyurethane aligners.
a. This statement is true.
b. This statement is false.
2. This study showed that the mean accuracy of tooth movement
was 98%.
a. This statement is true.
b. This statement is false.
3. This study also showed that the maxillary and mandibular canines
achieved the full predicted rotation.
a. This statement is true.
b. This statement is false.
4. The study also showed that the severity of pretreatment overjet
might influence the accuracy of anterior tooth movement.
a. This statement is true.
b. This statement is false.
5. There was no statistical difference in accuracy between maxillary
and mandibular teeth of the same type for any tooth movement
studied.
a. This statement is true.
b. This statement is false.
Article 2. Evaluation of esthetic brackets’ resistance to torsional
forces from the archwire, by Clarice Nishio et al
6. The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance to deforma-
tion of fracture of esthetic brackets produced by archwire torsion.
a. This statement is true.
b. This statement is false.
web page). Results are tabulated immediately. To earn 3 hours of CE
credit, you must answer 75% of the questions correctly. If you do not
receive a passing score the first time, you can take the test again, free
of charge, until you pass. Upon successful completion of the test, your
CE credits will be added to the AAO’s online CE Credit Manager, and
you can use the CE Credit Manager to print a certificate.
7. This study showed that ceramic brackets showed much lower
resistance force values than polycarbonate brackets.
a. This statement is true.
b. This statement is false.
8. This study also showed that the area of major fracture incidence
in the ceramic brackets was at the incisal wing.
a. This statement is true.
b. This statement is false.
Article 3. Bond failure of gingivally offset mandibular premolar
brackets: A randomized controlled clinical trial, by Bikram Singh
Thind et al
9. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical bond failure
rate of gingivally offset mandibular premolar brackets and
compare it with that of standard mandibular premolar brackets.
a. This statement is true.
b. This statement is false.
10. The study showed that gingivally offset mandibular premolar
brackets have a much higher bond failure rate than brackets with
standard bonding bases.
a. This statement is true.
b. This statement is false.
Article 4. Nickel concentration in the saliva of patients with
nickel-titanium orthodontic appliances, by Evangelia Petoumenou
et al
11. One purpose of this study was to examine whether nickel-
titanium archwires cause an increase of nickel concentration in
the saliva of orthodontic patients.
a. This statement is true.
b. This statement is false.
12. The study showed a significant increase in the concentration of
nickel ions in the saliva samples taken after placing nickel-
titanium archwires.
a. This statement is true.
b. This statement is false.
Article 5. Profile changes in orthodontic patients treated with
mandibular advancement surgery, by Susan T. Tsang et al
13. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of
skeletal and soft-tissue Class III disharmony necessary before
a significant benefit is derived from maxillary advancement
surgery.
a. This statement is true.
b. This statement is false.
9.e1
 Answers Program Evaluation
a b c d a b c d Agree Neutral Disagree
1 ❏ ❏ 9 ❏ ❏ 1. The content was appropriate and timely. ❏ ❏ ❏
2. The objectives were clearly stated and met. ❏ ❏ ❏
2 ❏ ❏ 10 ❏ ❏ 3. The articles were well written. ❏ ❏ ❏
4. Statistics were clearly explained and relevant. ❏ ❏ ❏
3 ❏ ❏ 11 ❏ ❏ 5. Content is applicable to my daily practice. ❏ ❏ ❏
4 ❏ ❏ 12 ❏ ❏ 6. I will apply most of the information ❏ ❏ ❏
in my daily activities.
5 ❏ ❏ 13 ❏ ❏ 7. This method is valuable in helping me ❏ ❏ ❏
complete my continuing education
6 ❏ ❏ 14 ❏ ❏ requirements.

7 ❏ ❏ 15 ❏ ❏
8 ❏ ❏ 16 ❏ ❏
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14. This study showed that ANB angles less than 6° are necessary for a. This statement is true.
profiles to be consistently perceived as improved after surgery. b. This statement is false.
a. This statement is true. 16. This study showed that sagittal and vertical jaw relationships
b. This statement is false. have different patterns of growth in different samples of white
subjects; therefore, the indiscriminate pooling of data to create
Article 6. Age-dependent cephalometric standards as determined age-dependent cephalometric standards for white subjects is not
by multilevel modeling, by Arjen F. van Diepenbeek et al recommended.
15. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of con- a. This statement is true.
structing age-dependent cephalometric standards for white subjects. b. This statement is false.

9.e2