ASTUDYONSAVI

NGSANDI
NVESTMENT
BEHAVI
OUROFBANKEMPLOYEESI
NPALAKKAD

Pr
ojectRepor
tsubmi
tt
edt
o

UNI
VERSI
TYOFCALI
CUT

I
npar
ti
alf
ulf
il
lmentoft
her
equi
rementf
ort
heawar
doft
hedegr
eeof

BACHELOROFBUSI
NESSADMI
NISTRATI
ON

Submi
tt
edby

ANASWARAANI
L
(
CCASBBAR14)

Undert
hesuper
visi
onof

Pr
of.K.
O.FRANCI
S

DEPARTMENTOFMANAGEMENTSTUDI
ES

CHRI
STCOLLEGE(
AUTONOMOUS)
,IRI
NJALAKUDA

MARCH2021

1
 CHRI
STCOLLEGE(
AUTONOMOUS)
,IRI
NJALAKUDA

CALI
CUTUNI
VERSI
TY

DEPARTMENTOFMANAGEMENTSTUDI
ES

CERTI
FICATE

Thi
sist
ocer
ti
fyt
hatt
hepr
ojectr
epor
tent
it
led“
ASTUDYONSAVI
NGS
ANDI
NVESTMENTBEHAVI
OUROFBANKEMPLOYEESI
NPALAKKAD”
i
sabonaf
ider
ecor
dofpr
ojectdonebyANANASWARA ANI
L,Reg.No.
CCASBBR14,
undermygui
danceandsuper
visi
oni
npar
ti
alf
ulf
il
lmentof
t
he r
equi
rementf
ort
he awar
d oft
he degr
ee ofBACHELOR OF
BUSI
NESSADMI
NISTRATI
ONandi
thasnotpr
evi
ousl
yfor
medt
hebasi
s
f
oranyDegr
ee,
Dipl
omaandAssoci
ateshi
porFel
l
owshi
p.

Pr
of.C.
L.BABYJOHN Pr
of.K.
O.FRANCI
S
Co-
ordi
nat
or Pr
ojectGui
de

2
 CHRI
STCOLLEGE(
AUTONOMOUS)
,IRI
NJALAKUDA

CALI
CUTUNI
VERSI
TY

DEPARTMENTOFMANAGEMENTSTUDI
ES

CERTI
FICATE

Thi
sist
ocer
ti
fyt
hatt
hepr
ojectr
epor
tent
it
led“
ASTUDYONSAVI
NGS
ANDI
NVESTMENTBEHAVI
OUROFBANKEMPLOYEESI
NPALAKKAD”
i
sabonaf
ider
ecor
dofpr
ojectdonebyANANASWARA ANI
L,Reg.No.
CCASBBR14,
undermygui
danceandsuper
visi
oni
npar
ti
alf
ulf
il
lmentof
t
he r
equi
rementf
ort
he awar
d oft
he degr
ee ofBACHELOR OF
BUSI
NESSADMI
NISTRATI
ONandi
thasnotpr
evi
ousl
yfor
medt
hebasi
s
f
oranyDegr
ee,
Dipl
omaandAssoci
ateshi
porFel
l
owshi
p.

Pr
of.C.
L.BABYJOHN Pr
of.K.
O.FRANCI
S
Co-
ordi
nat
or Pr
ojectGui
de

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Iwoul
dli
ket
otaket
heoppor
tuni
tyt
oexpressmysincer
egr
ati
tudetoal
l
peopl
ewhohav
ehel
pedmewi t
hsoundadviceandabl
egui
dance.

Aboveall,Iexpr
essmyet ernalgr
ati
tudetotheLordAlmight
yunder
whose divi
ne guidance;Ihave been abl
et o compl
etethi
s work
successf
ull
y.

Iwoul dli
ketoexpr
essmysincereobl
igat
iontoRev.
Dr.Jol
lyAndrews,
Princi
pal-
in-
Char
ge,Chr
istColl
ege I
ri
njal
akuda f
orprovi
ding v
arious
facil
it
ies.

Iam t hankfulto Pr
of.C.L.
BabyJohn,Co-
ordi
nat
orofManagement
Studi
es, f
orprov
idi
ngproperhel
pandencour
agementi
nthepr
epar
ati
on
ofthi
sr epor
t.

Iam t hankf
ultoProf
.Aslam P.
S,Classteacherf
orhi
scor
dialsuppor
t,
valuableinf
ormati
onandguidance,whi
chhelpedmeincompleti
ngthi
s
taskthroughvari
ousstages.

Iexpress mysincere gr
ati
tude t
o Prof.
K.O.
Franci
s,Co-ordi
natorof
B.com prof
essi
onal,whose guidance and supportthroughoutthe
tr
aini
ngperi
odhelpedmet ocomplet
ethisworksuccessf
ully
.

Iwouldlike to express my grat

it
ude to al
lthe facul
ties oft
he
Depar
tmentfort
heirinter
estandcooper
ati
oninthi
sregard.

Iext
endmyheart
ygrati
tudet
ot heli
brari
anandot
herl
i
brar
yst
aff
sof
mycoll
egef
ort
heirwhol
ehear
tedcooperat
ion.

Iexpr
essmysincer
ethankst omyfri
endsandf
ami
l
yfort
hei
rsuppor
tin
complet
ingt
hisr
eportsuccessf
ull
y.

ANASWARAANI
L

4
 TABLESOFCONTENTS

CHAPTER
CONTENTS PAGENO:
NO.

LI
STOFTABLES

LI
STOFFI
GURES

I
NTRODUCTI
ON 1–6
CHAPTER1

REVI
EW OFLI
TERATURE 7–11
CHAPTER2

CHAPTER3 12–19
THEORETI
CALFRAMEWORK

CHAPTER4 20–43
DATAANALYSISAND
INTERPRETATI
ON

CHAPTER5 44–48
FI
NDI
NGS,SUGGESTI
ONS&
CONCLUSION

BI
BLOGRAPHY

ANNEXURE

5
 LI
STOFTABLES

TABLE
TI
TLE PAGENO:
NO:

Tableshowinggenderwi
secl
assi
fi
cat
ionof
4.
1 21
respondent
s

Tableshowingagewi
secl
assi
fi
cat
ionof
4.
2 22
respondent
s

Tableshowingeducat
ional
qual
i
ficat
ionof
4.
3 23
respondent
s

Tableshowingt
heannual
incomeoft
he
4.
4 24
respondent
s.

Tableshowingwhetherr
espondent
sinv
estand
4.
5 25
savethei
rincome.

4.
6 Tabl
eshowi
ngsour
cesofi
nvest
mentopt
ions. 26

Tabl
eshowi
ngt
hesect
ori
nwhi
chr
espondent
s
4.
7 27
i
nvest
.

Tabl
eshowi
ngt
hesav
ingobj
ect
iveof
4.
8 28
r
espondent
s.

Tabletoknowthei
nvest
mentobj
ect
iveof
4.
9 29
respondent
s.

Tabl
etoknowempl
oyeeshav
eaf
ormal
budget
4.
10 30
f
orf
ami
l
yex
pendi
tur
e.

4.
11 Tabl
eshowi
ngt
her
ateatwhi
chi
nvest
mentgr
ow. 31

4.
12 Tabl
etoknowt
hepur
poseofi
nvest
ment 32

4.
13 Tabl
etoknowt
hemanagementofi
nvest
ment
. 33

6
 Tableshowingt
hemoni
tor
ingofi
nvest
mentby
4.
14 34
respondent
s.

Tabl
etoknowt
het
imeper
iodpr
eferf
or
4.
15 35
i
nvest
ment
.

Tabl
etoknowwhet
herr
espondent
sconsul
ts
4.
16 36
ot
her
sbef
orei
nvest
mentchoi
ce.

4.
17 Tabl
eshowi
ngt
heper
cent
ageofi
ncomei
nvest
. 37

Tabl
etoknowt
het
ypei
nvest
mentopt
ionpr
efer
4.
18 38
byr
espondent
s.

Tabl
etoknowwhet
herr
espondent
sinv
esti
n
4.
19 39
shar
emar
ket
.

4.
20 Tabl
eshowi
ngt
hef
act
orbef
orei
nvest
ing. 40

4.
21 Tabl
etoknowmont
hlyi
ncomespendi
ng. 41

Tabl
etoknowwhet
herr
espondent
ssetasi
de
4.
22 42
speci
alf
undf
orchi
l
deducat
ionormar
ri
age.

Tabl
etoknowwhet
hert
her
espondent
scant
ake
4.
23 43
r
iskofl
osi
ngt
hepr
inci
pal
amount
.

LI
STOFFI
GURES

7
FI
GURE
TI
TLE PAGENO:
NO:

Figureshowinggenderwi
secl
assi
fi
cat
ionof
4.
1 21
respondents

Figureshowingagewi
secl
assi
fi
cat
ionof
4.
2 22
respondent
s

Figureshowingeducat
ional
qual
i
ficat
ionof
4.
3 23
respondent
s

Figureshowingt
heannual
incomeoft
he
4.
4 24
respondent
s

Figur
eshowi ngwhet
herr
espondent
sinv
estand
4.
5 25
savethei
rincome

4.
6 Fi
gur
eshowi
ngt
hesour
cesofi
nvest
mentopt
ion 26

Fi
gureshowi
ngt
hesect
ori
nwhi
chr
espondent
s
4.
7 27
i
nvest

Fi
gur
eshowi
ngt
hesav
ingobj
ect
iveof
4.
8 28
r
espondent
s

4.
9 Fi
gur
etoknowt
hei
nvest
mentobj
ect
ive 29

Fi
gur
etoknowempl
oyeeshav
efor
mal
budgetf
or
4.
10 30
f
ami
l
yexpendi
tur
e

4.
11 Fi
gur
eshowi
ngt
her
atewhi
chi
nvest
mentgr
ow 31

4.
12 Fi
gur
etoknowt
hepur
poseofi
nvest
ment 32

4.
13 Fi
gur
etoknowt
hemanagementofi
nvest
ment 33

Figureshowingt
hemoni
tor
ingofi
nvest
mentby
4.
14 34
respondent
s

Fi
gur
etoknowt
het
imeper
iodpr
eferf
or
4.
15 35
i
nvest
ment

8
 Fi
gur
etoknowwhet
herr
espondent
sconsul
ts
4.
16 36
ot
herbef
orei
nvest
mentchoi
ce

4.
17 Fi
gur
eshowi
ngt
heper
cent
ageofi
ncomei
nvest 37

Fi
gur
etoknowt
het
ypei
nvest
mentopt
ionpr
efer
4.
18 38
byr
espondent
s

Fi
gur
etoknowwhet
herr
espondent
sinv
esti
n
4.
19 39
shar
emar
ket

4.
20 Fi
gur
eshowi
ngt
hef
act
orbef
orei
nvest
ing 40

4.
21 Fi
gur
etoknowmont
hlyi
ncomespendi
ng 41

Fi
gur
etoknowwhet
herr
espondent
ssetasi
de
4.
22 42
speci
alf
undf
orchi
l
deducat
ionormar
ri
age

Fi
gur
etoknowwhet
hert
her
espondent
scant
ake
4.
23 43
r
iskofl
osi
ngt
hepr
inci
pal
amount

9
 CHAPTER1

I
NTRODUCTI
ON

10
 I
NTRODUCTI
ON

Sav
ings and i
nvest
ment ar
etwo cr
uci
alel
ement
s of macr
o-
economi
cs.Sav
ingsi
sthepor
ti
on ofcur
renti
ncomenotspenton
consumpt
ion.Sav
ingsaccount
spr
ovi
deaneasi
l
yaccessi
blepl
acef
or
peopl
etost
oret
hei
rmoneyt
omeetdai
l
yli
vi
ngexpensesandt
ohav
e
money f
or emer
genci
es. Sav
ings ar
e ef
fect
ivel
y cash or cash
i
nst
rument
s,suchasdeposi
taccount
s,t
erm bondset
c

Theeconomi
ccy
clesofboom,r
ecessi
on,depr
essi
onandr
ecov
ery
notonl
yef
fectt
hel
evelofGDPbutal
sot
hei
ncomeoft
hepeopl
eand
hencet
hesav
ingr
ati
oandi
nvest
mentbehav
iour
.So,i
tisi
mpor
tantt
o
under
standt
hesav
ingsandi
nvest
mentbot
hofwhi
chcont
ri
but
ethe
economi
cdev
elopment
.Sav
ingsi
sthebackboneofi
nvest
mentwhi
ch
meanshi
ghert
hesav
ingshi
ghert
hei
nvest
ment
.Inv
est
menti
sthe
empl
oymentoff
undswi
thaspi
resofget
ti
ngr
etur
noni
t.I
tist
he
assur
anceoff
undswhi
chhav
ebeensav
edf
rom cur
rentconsumpt
ion
wi
tht
hehopet
hatsomebenef
it
swi
l
laccr
uei
nfut
ure.Thus,i
tisan
i
ncent
ivef
ort
hedeposi
tedmoney
.So,
thef
ir
stst
ept
oinv
est
menti
s
sav
ings.I
ncommonusage,sav
inggener
all
ymeansal
l
ocat
ingmoney
asi
de,
forexampl
e,byput
ti
ngmoneyi
nthebankori
nvest
ingi
npensi
on
pl
an.I
n a br
oader sense,sav
ing i
s nat
ural
l
y used t
oref
er t
o
economi
zi
ng,cut
ti
ngcost
s,ort
orescui
ngsomeoneorsomet
hing.I
n
t
ermsofper
sonalf
inance,sav
ingr
efer
stosaf
eguar
dingmoneyf
or
f
utur
euse,t
ypi
cal
l
ybyput
ti
ng i
tondeposi
twhi
chi
sdi
sti
nctf
rom
i
nvest
mentwher
ether
eisanel
ementofr
isk.

I
nvest
mentr
efer
stodepl
oymentofsur
plusf
undsorsav
ingswi
than
ai
m ofsomeposi
ti
ver
ateofr
etur
ninf
utur
eandi
ngener
ali
tisf
rom t
he
sav
ingswi
thhopeofget
ti
ngbet
terpr
ofi
tabl
ebenef
it
sinf
utur
e.An
i
nvest
menti
sessent
ial
l
yanassett
hati
scr
eat
edwi
tht
hei
ntent
ionof

11
al
l
owi
ngmoneyt
ogr
ow.Gener
all
y,i
nvest
ment
sfal
linanyoneoft
hree
basi
ccat
egor
iest
heyar
e;Owner
shi
pInv
est
ment
,Lendi
ngI
nvest
ment
andCashEqui
val
ent
s

Thespect
rum f
ori
nvest
menti
svastt
oday
,whi
chcompr
isesof
Fi
nanci
alandNonf
inanci
alpr
oduct
s.Fi
nanci
alpr
oduct
scompr
isesof
bankdeposi
ts,shar
emar
ket
,commodi
tymar
ket
,insur
ance,postof
fi
ce
schemesandot
herbonds.Nonf
inanci
alpr
oduct
scompr
isesofr
eal
est
ateandgol
d/j
ewel
l
ery
. Someoft
hei
nvest
menti
nst
rument
sar
e
hi
ghl
yri
skywhi
l
efew ot
her
s ar
e al
mostr
isk f
ree.Si
mil
arl
ysome
i
nst
rument
sar
emar
ket
abl
eandl
i
qui
dwhi
l
eot
her
sar
enonmar
ket
abl
e.

Thesel
ect
ionofi
nvest
mentwoul
ddependont
hespeci
fi
cneed,r
ate
ofr
etur
nandr
iskpr
efer
enceoft
her
espondent
sandt
hedegr
eeofr
isk
and r
etur
nvar
ies f
ordi
ff
erenti
nvest
mentav
enues.The ai
m of
i
nvest
menti
stomul
ti
plyt
hemoneyatv
ari
ousr
atesdependi
ngupont
he
t
erm oft
hei
nvest
ment
.At
hor
oughunder
standi
ngofcor
econcept
sand
t
heav
ail
abl
eopt
ionswi
l
lhel
pthei
nvest
ort
opl
anf
ormaxi
mum r
etur
n
wi
thoutr
isk.Thi
s st
udyhel
ps i
n anal
ysi
ng t
he sav
ing pat
ter
n and
i
nvest
mentpr
efer
encesofbankempl
oyeest
owar
dsv
ari
ouspr
oduct
s
basedondemogr
aphi
cfact
ors.

Thedev
elopi
ngcount
ri
esl
i
keI
ndi
afacet
heenor
moust
askoff
indi
ng
adequat
ecapi
tali
nthei
rdev
elopmentef
for
ts.Mostoft
hesecount
ri
es
f
indi
tcompl
ext
ogetoutoft
hev
ici
ousci
rcl
eofpov
ert
yofl
owi
ncome,
l
ow sav
ing,l
ow i
nvest
ment
,low empl
oyment et
c. Sav
ings and
i
nvest
menti
sver
yimpor
tantact
ivi
tyf
orany
oneasi
tsecur
est
hef
utur
e
f
rom t
heuncer
tai
nti
es.Ther
eisal
otofscopef
ori
nvest
mentbecause
t
he moneyci
rcul
ati
on i
shi
gh.Thi
sst
udyanal
yse t
he sav
ingsand
i
nvest
mentpat
ter
nofbankempl
oyees.

1.
1Scopeofst
udy

Thi
sst
udyf
ocusont
hei
nfor
mat
ionf
rom bankempl
oyeeswor
kingi
n

12
v
ari
ousbanksi
npal
akkadaboutt
hei
rsav
inghabi
tsandt
hei
nvest
ment
behav
iourondi
ff
erentf
inanci
alpr
oduct
sandi
twi
l
lbehel
pfult
oident
if
y
t
hedi
ff
erentand bet
teri
nvest
mentopt
iont
hatar
eav
ail
abl
eint
he
mar
ket
.

1.
2Si
gni
fi
canceofst
udy

Theai
m ofi
nvest
menti
stomul
ti
plyt
hemoneyatv
ari
ousr
ates
dependi
ngupont
het
erm oft
hei
nvest
ment
.Inv
est
mentf
oll
owssav
ings.
Hi
ghersav
ingscanhel
pfi
nancehi
gherl
evel
sofi
nvest
ment
.Manyof
t
hest
udi
eshav
ebeenconduct
edoni
nvest
mentbehav
iour
.Asweknow
t
hatt
he bankempl
oyeeshav
e hi
gh sal
aryand mor
e sav
ingst
hei
r
behav
iour
almaybet
oinv
estf
undsi
nlongt
erm andi
nshor
tter
m.Now
aday
ssomanymoder
nfi
nanci
alpr
oduct
sar
eav
ail
abl
efori
nvest
ment
whi
chpr
ovi
deshi
ghgr
owt
h.Sav
ingmoneybecomef
inanci
all
ysecur
e
andpr
ovi
desaf
etyneti
ncaseofemer
gency
.Thi
sempi
ri
calst
udyon
sav
ingsandi
nvest
mentpat
ter
nofbankempl
oyeeswor
kingi
npal
akkad
i
stoknow t
hebenef
it
sofsav
ingsandi
nvest
ment accor
dingt
othei
r
i
ndi
vi
dualpr
ior
it
y.The st
udyal
so t
ri
es t
o unr
avelt
he i
nfl
uence of
demogr
aphi
cfact
orsl
i
ke gender
,age,i
ncome and t
he educat
ion
qual
i
ficat
ionoft
heempl
oyeesonsav
ingandi
nvest
ment
.

1.
4Obj
ect
iveoft
hest
udy

1)Tost
udyaboutdi
ff
erenti
nvest
mentav
enuesav
ail
abl
etobank
empl
oyees.

2)Tof
indt
her
elat
ionbet
weeni
ncome,
sav
ingsandi
nvest
ment
.

3)To anal
yset
hesav
ing habi
tand i
nvest
mentpat
ter
n ofbank

13
 empl
oyees.

4)Toanal
yset
heassoci
ati
onbet
weendemogr
aphi
cfact
orsandt
he
basi
sofsav
ingandi
nvest
mentmadebyt
her
espondent
.

1.
5Resear
chmet
hodol
ogy

I
tisaknownest
abl
i
shedf
actt
hat
,anyr
esear
chhast
obev
ali
dat
ed
basedont
hesy
stemat
iccol
l
ect
ionandanal
yzi
ngt
hedat
a.Fort
his
st
udysur
veymet
hodi
sadopt
edt
ocol
l
ectt
hepr
imar
yinf
ormat
ionf
rom
t
heempl
oyeesusi
ngasetofquest
ionnai
re.Thepr
imar
ydat
awas
col
l
ect
edf
rom 50bankempl
oyeesi
npal
akkad.Thesecondar
ydat
a
wascol
l
ect
edf
rom i
nter
netwebsi
tes,
jour
nal
set
c.

1.
5.1Nat
ureofst
udy
:Thi
sisananal
yti
cal
study
.

1.
5.2Nat
ureofdat
a:Pr
imar
yandsecondar
ydat
aisused.

1.
5.3Sour
cesofdat
a:Pr
imar
ydat
awascol
l
ect
edt
hroughst
ruct
ured
quest
ionnai
reandsecondar
ydat
awascol
l
ect
edf
rom i
nter
netwebsi
tes,
j
our
nal
set
c.

1.
6Sampl
edesi
gn

Asampl
edesi
gni
sadef
ini
tepl
anf
orobt
aini
ngasampl
efr
om a
gi
ven popul
ati
on.I
tref
erst
othe t
echni
que and t
he pr
ocedur
e i
n
sel
ect
ingi
temsf
ort
hepur
poseofst
udy
.

1.
6.1Nat
ureofpopul
ati
on:
Popul
ati
onoff
ini
tebankempl
oyees.

1.
6.2Sampl
euni
t:Bankempl
oyeesi
npal
akkad.

1.
6.3Met
hodofsampl
i
ng:
Conv
eni
enceSampl
i
ng

1.
6.4Si
zeofsampl
e:Sampl
i
ngsi
zei
s50f
orconv
eni
ence.

1.
7Tool
sforanal
ysi
s

14
  Per
cent
agei
susedasast
ati
sti
cal
tool
foranal
ysi
ngt
hedat
a.

 Pr
esent
ati
ont
ool
ssuchast
abl
esandgr
aphsar
eal
sousedf
or
anal
ysi
ng.

1.
8Li
mit
ati
onoft
hest
udy

 Thest
udyi
sli
mit
edt
obankempl
oyeeswor
kingi
npal
akkad.

 Thei
nter
pret
ati
oni
sbasedonassumpt
iont
hatt
her
espondent
s
hav
egi
vent
hecor
recti
nfor
mat
ion.

 Thest
udyi
sli
mit
edt
o50r
espondent
s.

 Ti
meandr
esour
ceswer
eli
mit
edso,
det
ail
edst
udycan’
tbe
conduct
edespeci
all
yint
hispandemi
csi
tuat
ion.

1.
9Chapt
eri
zat
ion

Chapt
er1:
Int
roduct
ion–t
hischapt
eri
ncl
udeobj
ect
iveofst
udy
,

l
i
mit
ati
on,
scopeofst
udy
,resear
chmet
hodol
ogyet
c.

Chapt
er2:Rev
iewofl
i
ter
atur
e–t
hischapt
erpr
ovi
desanov
erv
iew
of

pr
evi
ousr
esear
chconduct
edr
elat
edt
otopi
cofst
udy
.

Chapt
er3:
Theor
eti
cal
Framewor
k–t
hischapt
eri
ncl
udet
he
t
heor
eti
cal

aspect
sofst
udy
.

Chapt
er4:
Dat
aanal
ysi
sandI
nter
pret
ati
on–t
hischapt
erdeal
s
wi
th

anal
ysi
sofcol
l
ect
ed.

15
Chapt
er5:
Findi
ngs,
suggest
ionandconcl
usi
on-t
hischapt
erdeal
s
wi
th

f
indi
ngs,
suggest
ionandconcl
usi
onofst
udy
.

16
 CHAPTER2
REVI
EW OFLI
TERATURE

REVI
EW OFLI
TERATURE
This chapter pr
ovi
des an ov erv
iew of previ
ous r esear
ch on
knowl edgeshar i
ngandi ntr
anets.Itintr
oducesthef r
amewor kforthe
casest udythatcompri
sesthemai nf ocusoftheresearchdescribedin
thist hesis.Anattemptismadei nt hischaptert
or evi
ew t herelev
ant
l
iterature which could serve necessary empir
ical
,t heoreti
caland

17
i
ntel
l
ect
ual
backdr
opf
ort
hepr
esentst
udy
.

RSr eepriy
aandPGur uswamy( 2000)st
udi edtheinvestmentpatternof
salari
edpeopl einPal akkadwi thasampl eof150r espondentsand
concludedt hatt hemaj ori
tyrespondent sar eeducatedupt ocol l
ege
l
ev elandt heyareawar eofinvestmentav enues.Itwasal soconcluded
thatthemostpr eferr
edi nvestment.Theyhav enotfacedanypr oblem
ont heirinvestments.Thest udyal so emphasi sedthatt her
ewasa
signif
icantrelati
onshi
pbet weeneducationqual ifi
cat
ionandf ulf
ilment
l
ev eloftherespondent s.

Moor t
hyandsent hi
l( 2005)anal ysedt hepostal investmentavenues
andsmal lsavingsandhasr eveal
edt hatitisusuall
ynot i
cedthatthe
majorpr oblem ofdev eloping economi es i
st he channeli
zat
ion of
domest i
cr esourceswhi chl eadt omor ecapitalf
ormat i
on.Theyfurt
her
stat
edt hatthrought herear ev ari
ousf ormstoper f
ormt hemobil
izat
ion
taskbutonl yf ew cancat ert herequirementofpoorandl ow i
ncome
group.Itisalsoconsi deredt hatsavingscanbeusedasapower fult
ool
i
npov ertyallev
iati
on.Ithasal sobeenobser vedinvari
ouscountri
esthat
postalsavingfundsar eal sousedt of i
nancepublicdebt.

Dhananjayan(2009)exami nedt hedet er

minantsofsavingsbehav iourof
tri
balandruralhouseholdsi npal akkad.Dat aof120sampl ehousehol ds
werecol l
ectedusingi nter
v iew schedul esfrom botht r
ibal andr ural
households.To f i
nd outt he det er minant
s ofsav i
ngs behav i
ourof
householdsinthetribalandr ural areas,themultiv
ari
ateregressionwer e
usedinthisstudy.Inthewhol est udyar ea,t
hefinalr
esultsrevealedthat
theageoft hehousehol dhead,genderdependencyr ati
o,i ncomeand
healt
hcost saresignifi
cantlyaf fectinghouseholdsav i
ngsint ri
balar ea.
I
ncomei sthemosti mportantel ementofsav i
ngbehav i
ourt hroughout
thestudy.Researchshowst hatmal eheadedsav emor et hanf emale
households.

GanapathiandMal ar(2010)st udiedt heattitudeofinvestorstowards

postoffi
ceschemes.Theyr evealedt hatagricult
uralworkersaremor e
i
ncli
nedt owardspostof fi
ceast hroughi tt
heyar emor epronet owards
makingsav ings.Butinmoder nt imest heroleofpostof f
icehasal so
changedandnow i tisbecomi ngaf asterchannelbyof feri
ngdi f
fer
ent
i
nvestmentav enueswhi chispr ov i
dingal ucrati
vechannelf orwealth
i
nvestorst oo t hr
ough whi ch t he growth oft he nati
on can be
accel
erated.Thus v arious new schemes whi ch can ser vet he
i
nvestmentneedsofv ari
ousi nvestors.Finallyitwasseent hatthis

18
studybuil
ta complete cadreto know aboutthe awar
eness l
evel
,
prefer
encel
evelandt
heact ualat
ti
tudeofi
nvest
orst
owardspostoff
ice
schemes.

RamaswamyTandVi nayakamoorthyS( 2010)hadconcl udedthestudy

“Investment–adev el
opmentf actoronsav ings“ .Thest udyreveals
thatbot h savi
ngs and invest
menthav e equalit
y.Itmeans t hatan
i
ndividualwant stohav emor einv estment,f i
rsthehast osav ethe
extent,savingsandinvestmentdeci si
onsareseparatedbyani nvestor
withdiff
erentmot i
ves.Thesavingsandi nvestmentsar ebroughtabout
bythechangesi nincome.

SunilkumarandSur esh(2011)st udiedinvest

mentbehav iouroft he
customerst owar dsmut ualf undandot herpr oduct
sinEr nakulam ,
commer cialsour cesareattracti
ngandhelpingmor econsumer stotake
decisi
on.Att hesamet i
meper sonalsour
cesar ealsoaddingv al
uet o
thei
rdeci sion maki ng pr ocess.Magazi nes ,newspaper s ,f i
lm ,
advert
isement, displ
ayet cpl ayav it
alrolei nsearchi
ng meani ngful
i
nformation.

Del af
rooz and Pai m ( 2013)di scussed t he r elationshi p ofsav i
ng
behav iourandf i
nanci ali ssuest of i
nanci alknowl edge,f i
nanci alst r
ess
andf inanci almanagementpr act i
cesi nasampl eof120r espondent s.It
wasf oundi nt hei rr esear cht hatf i
nanci alpr oblemswer esi gnifi
cant ly
ant i
cipat ed t hr ough f inanci al st ress and f i
nanci al management
practices.Sav i
ngsbehav iouri spr edi ctedthr oughf i
nanci alknowl edge
andf inanci almanagementpr act i
cesno si gnifi
cantr elat i
onshi pwas
builtbet weenf inanciali ssuesandf inancialknowl edgeandf inallyno
significantr elationship was f ound bet ween sav ing behav iourand
fi
nanci alstress.Themai nobj ect i
v eoft hisst udyi stobet terunder stand
thedet erminant sofsav ingsbehav iourandf inanciali ssuesbet ween
publ i
candpr i
v atesect orwor kers.Thest udyusesst ruct uralequat i
on
model st ot estt he l ev elof f i
nanci alunder standi ng ,f i
nanci al
managementpr acticesandf inancialst r
essaf fecti
ngf inanci alissues
andsav i
ngbehav i
our .Fi nallyt hedi scov eryt hatt her ei sasi gni fi
cant
relati
onshi pbet weenf inanci alpr oblemsandf inancialst resspr ovest he
needt oi mpr ovewor ker sf inancial pr
obl emsbyr educi ngf inancial stress.

SindhuandVani t
a(2014)haveexami nedtheinv
est or
spr
eferencesand
percepti
on towardsMF investmentsbyconduct ed asurv
eyof150
respondent
si nthecit
yofEr nakulam.Thef i
ndingsofthest udywere
thattheinv
estorspref
err
edt oinvestinpubl
icsectormutualfindswi
th

19
ani nv
estmentobjectiv
eofget ti
ngtaxexempt i
onsandstayedinvested
foraper i
odof3-5y earsandtheinvestor
sev al
uat
edpastperf
ormance.
Thest udyfurt
herconcl udesbystatingthatmajori
tyoftheinvestors
weredissati
sfi
edwitht heperf
ormanceoft hei
rMFsandbelongedtot he
categorywhoheldgr owthschemes.

Ranganay akiN (2014) hasconcl udedstudyont het i

tl
eofi nvestor
s
percepti
ont owar dsinvestmentwi t
hspecialtowomeni nv
estors”.A
sampl eof100r espondentsinSulurandadjoi
ningareaswast aken.Iti
s
concluded thatr ecur
ri
ng depositand postof f
icesav i
ngsar emost
prefer
ableinvestmentav enuesinthebankingsector.Itmaybeduet o
safety,liqui
dit
yandal sof orthebenefi
ts.Whenev er,onet hinksof
womenandi nvestmentthef i
rstt
hingthatcomest omi ndisgol dand
j
ewel l
ery.Butnowaday swomenar edi
sprovi
ngtheabov esai
dbel i
ef.

Samudr aandBur ghate( 2015)studiedthepr ef

erenceofi nvest
ment
i
nstrumentsandt hev ari
ousobj ecti
vesofi nvestmenttoknowwhet her
ther
ehasbeeni ncreaseint hesavingsandt her easonforthesame.A
sampl eof300househol dswast aken.Itwasadescr i
pti
veanalysi
sand
concludedthatbankdeposi ts,insuranceandsmal lsavi
ngschemes
suchaspubl i
cpr ovi
dersf und,postof f
icesav ingsdepositsaret he
pref
erredinvest
mentopt ions.

Chaakr abor t
y( 2016)anal y
set heinvestmentpat tern,savi
ngsobj ecti
ve
andpr efer
enceofi nvestor
sf orvari
ousi nvest
mentopt i
onsav ail
ablein
India.Toexpl orewhet herdichotomyoft hepopul arbeli
evesthatmen
aremor erisk-prothanwomen.Asampl eof200r espondentsar etaken
fort he st udy .Concl uded thatsav ings objecti
v eisi nfl
uenced by
demogr aphicf actorssuchasage,occupat i
onantt heincomel evel
.
Femal ei nvestorstendt osav emor einadi sci
plinedwayt hant hemal e
i
nv estors.Womenar er i
skav erseindeedbutsav emor ethant hemal e
count erpartsast heincomel evelri
ses.

Bhushanand medur y( 2016) analyse t he gender di

fferences in
i
nv estmentbehavi
ouramongempl oy
ees.Asampl eof118r espondents
takenf orthestudy.Andconcl udedt hatther
ei ssigni
fi
cantgender
diff
erencethatoccurini nvest
mentpr efer
encesforhealt
hi nsurance,
fi
xeddeposi t
sandmar ketinvest
ment samongempl oyees.

B.NPandaandJ.KPanda(2017)car
ri
edoutacomparat
ivestudyonthe
rel
evance of demogr
aphi
cf actor
si ninvest
ment decisions wi
th
respondent
sfrom educat
ion sect
or.A conveni
entsampl e of50

20
respondent sf rom Coi mbat or
ewassel ected.Thest udyreveal
edthat
demogr aphi cvar i
ablessuchasage, gender,educat ionandoccupation
hav enosi gnifi
cantr elati
onswiththeper iodofi nvestmentmadebyt he
i
nv estor.Ital so discl osed t
hatt hereis a si gnifi
cantr el
ati
on exit
s
between t he demogr aphi
cf act
ors such as gender ,occupation,
educat i
on,annuali ncomeandsav ingswi thsour cesofawar enesswi t
h
theanal ysisofi nvestmentav enues.Investorschoi cewasmor eorless
equallydi str
ibutedbet weenphy si
calcompar edt oent r
epreneur
,who
prefertokeepmor eliquidfundsforfuturecontingenci es.

UjwalaBai r
agiandChar uRastogi( 2017)hascar riedoutanempi ri
cal
studyont hesav ingpat ter
nandi nv est
mentpr eferencesofi ndividual
househol dint hecit yofPunewi thasampl eof50r espondent s.The
studyconcl udedt hatmaj ori
tyoft her espondent shadahi gherdegr ee
ofawar enesst owardsbankdeposi tsandrealest atesasani nvestment
avenues.Genderhasnoef fectori nfl
uenceont heawar eness.Sal aried
empl oyeeshadbet terawar enessoft heinv est
mentav enuest hanany
otheroccupat ionalcat egori
es.Saf et
yoft hei nv estmentandi ncome
weret hemai nobject i
vesoft her espondent sfoll
owedbyl iquidit
yand
mar ketabil
it
y,capi talappr eciati
on and t ax benef it
s.I t was al so
concludedt hatmostoft herespondent sar eablet osav esubst antiall
y
fr
om t heirannualincomeandar einaposi t
iont omakei nvestment .

BrahmaBhat tandShar miaMal ekar( 2018)hasconduct edast udyon

thei nv estorbehaviouroni nvestmentav enuesi nMumbaiwi t
hsampl e
of60 r espondents.Thest udyr ev ealed t hatpeopl ei nvesti n st
ock
mar kett hantheot heravenues,ev ent hought heyfacehugel osses.It
wasal soevidentfrom thest udyt hatthei nvestorspreferssav i
ngsand
safetybutatt hesamet i
met heywanthi gheri nt
erestatl ow r i
skin
short erspan.I tal
sost atedt hatmostoft her espondentsdi scusswi t
h
thei
rf ami l
yandf r
iendbef oremaki ngi nv estmentandt her espondents
decisi onsar ebasedont heirowni ni
tiative.Femal er espondent sare
attr
act edtowardsgol dthananyot herav enues.

Concl
usi
on:
-

From t
heabovelit
eratur
erevi
ew, i
tshowsthatthestudiesi
nrespectof
savi
ngsandi nv
est mentpatter
nofbankempl oyeeswer enotmade
earl
i
er.Henceanat tempthasbeenmadei nt hi
stost udyandanalyse
thesavi
ngsandinvestmentbehavi
ourofbankemployees.

21
 CHAPTER3
THEORETI
CALFRAMEWORK

22
 THEORETI
CALFRAMEWORK
Investmentisthepr ocessofsacri
fi
cingsomet hi
ngnowf orthepur
pose
ofgai ningsomethingl at
er.Ourdefini
ti
oni mpli
esthatther
ear ethr
ee
dimensi onstoani nvestment–timewhi chinvolv
escreati
onofassets
withpr ofi
tmotive.Itistheempl oymentoff undswiththepurposeof
earningaddit
ionali
ncomeorgr owthinvalue.

3.
1Char
act
eri
sti
csofi
nvest
ment
 Ri
skf
act
orofi
nvest
ment
Riski saninherentchar
acteri
sti
cofev eryinvest
ment.Riskr
efers
tol ossofpr i
ncipalamount,delayornonpay mentofcapitalor
i
nt erest
,vari
abi
lityofr
eturnetc.Everyinvest
mentdiffer
sint
erms
ofr i
skassociatedwiththem.Howev er
,lessri
skyinv
estment
sar e
themostpr eferredonesbyinvestors.

 Ret
urn
Returnrefer
stot heincomeexpect edfr
om invest
mentdone.I ti
s
thekeyobj ect
ivefordoingi nvest
mentbyi nv
estors.Inv
estment
providesbenefi
tstopeopl eeit
herinthefor
m ofr egul
aryiel
dsor
throughcapit
alappreciat
ion.

 Saf
etyofpr
inci
pal
Safetyoff undsi nv
estedisoneoft heessentialingredi
entsofa
good i nvestment programme. Saf et
y of principal signi
fi
es
protection agai nst any possible loss under t he changing
conditions.Saf etyofpri
ncipalcanbeachievedt hroughacar eful
revi
ewofeconomi candindustri
altr
endbeforechoosi ngthetype
ofinv estment s.

23
 Li
qui
dit
yandcol
l
ater
alv
alue
Aliquidinv estmentisonewhi chcanbeconv ert
edi ntocash
i
mmedi at
ely wi t
houtmonet ar yl oss.Liqui
di nvestmenthel p
i
nvestorsmeetemer gencies.St ocksar eeasi
lymar ket
ableonl y
whent heypr ovi
deadequat er eturnthroughdiv
idendsandcapi tal
appreci
ation.The i nvestorsi nvesti n hi
gh grade and readily
sal
eablei nv est
ment si n ordert o ensuretheirl i
quidi
ty and
col
lateral
v alue.

 St
abl
eincome
I
nvest
orsinvestthei
rfundsi nsuchassetst hatpr
ovidestabl
e
i
ncome. Regular
ity of i
ncome i s consi
stent wit
h a good
i
nvest
mentprogramme.Thei ncomeshouldnotonlybestabl
ebut
al
soadequat
easwel l.

 Capi
tal
growt
h
One of t he important pri
nci
ples of i nvest
ment i s capital
appreci
ati
on.A companyf lour
isheswhent heindustr
yt o
whichitbelongsissound.So,t heinvestors,byr ecognizi
ngt he
connecti
on between indust
rygr owth and capitalappr eci
ation
shouldinvestingrowthstocks.Inshor t
,righti
ssuei nt heright
i
ndustryshouldbeboughtatther i
ghtti
me.

•Taxi
mpl
i
cat
ions

While pl
anni
ng an i
nvest
mentpr ogr
am,t he t
ax i
mpl i
cat
ions
rel
ated t
oi tmustbe seriousl
yconsidered.I
n part
icul
ar,the
amountofi ncomeani nv
est mentprovi
desandt heburdenof

24
 i
ncomet axont hatincomeshoul dbegi venaser i
oust hought
.
Investor
sinsmal li
ncomebr acket
si nt
endt omaximizet hecash
ret
ur nsontheiri
nvestment
sandhencet heyar ehesi
tanttotake
excessiver
isks.Onthecontrary,i
nvest
orswhoar enotparti
cul
ar
aboutcashincomedonotconsi dertaximplicat
ionsseri
ously
.

•Legal
i
ty

The i nvest
orshoul di nvestonlyi n such asset s which are
appr ovedbylaw.Il
legalsecuri
ti
eswilllandtheinvest
orint r
ouble.
Apar tfrom beingsat i
sfi
edwi t
ht hel egali
tyofinvestment,the
i
nv estorshouldbef reefrom managementofsecur it
ies.Incase
ofi nvestmentsinUni tTrustofIndiaandmut ualfundsofLi fe
InsuranceCor por
ation,themanagementoff undsisl efttothe
care ofa compet entbody .Itwilldiversi
fythe pooled funds
accor di
ngtotheprincipl
esofsafet
y ,l
iquidi
tyandstabil
it
y.

•St
abi
l
ityofPur
chasi
ngPower

Investmentist heempl oymentoff undswi ththeobj ect

iveof
earningincomeorcapi talappr eci
ati
on.Inot herwords,current
fundsaresacr i
ficedwitht heaim ofr ecei
vinglar
geramount sof
futurefunds.So,t hei nvestorshoul dconsiderthepur chasing
poweroff utur
ef unds.I n ordert o maintai
nt he st
abili
ty of
purchasingpower ,t
heinv est
orshoul danalysetheexpectedprice
l
ev elinf
lat
ionandt hepossi bi
liti
esofgai nsandl ossesi nt he
i
nv estmentavai
labletothem.

3.
2Obj
ect
ivesofI
nvest
ment

 ToKeepMoneySaf e
Capitalpr eserv
ati
oni soneoft hepr i
maryr easonspeopl einvestt
heir
money .Somei nvestment
shel pkeephar d-earnedmoneysaf efrom
beinger odedwi thtime.Byparki ngyourfundsi nthesei nst
rumentsor
schemes,y oucanensur ethaty oudon’
tout l
iveyoursav ings.Fi
xed
deposits,gov er
nmentbonds, andev enanor dinarysavingsaccountcan
helpkeepy ourmoneysaf e.Althoughther eturnoni nvestmentmaybe
l
owerher e,theobjecti
veofcapitalpr
eserv
at i
oniseasi l
ymet .

25
  ToHel pMoneyGr ow
Anothercommonobj ectiveofi nvestingmoneyi stoensur ethatitgrows
i
ntoasi zablecorpusov ert i
me.Capi talappr eciati
onisgener al
lyalong-
ter
m goalt hathelpspeopl esecur et hei rf
inancialfutur
e.Tomaket he
moneyy ouearngr ow i ntoweal th,y ouneedt oconsi derinvestment
opti
onst hatofferasi gni f
icantr eturnont hei ni
ti
alamounti nvested.
Someoft hebesti nvest ment stoachi evegr owthincluder ealestat e,
mutualfunds,commodi ties,andequi ty.Ther iskassociatedwi ththese
opti
onsmaybehi gh,butt her etur
ni sal sogener all
ysignifi
cant.

•ToEar naSt eadySt r

eam ofI ncome
Investmentscanal sohel py ouearnast eadysour ceofsecondar y(or
pri
mar y)income.Exampl esofsuchi nvestment sincludefi
xeddeposi ts
thatpayoutr egulari nt
erestorst ocksofcompani est hatpayinvestors
divi
dendsconsi stent l
y.Income- generati
ngi nv
estment scanhel py ou
payf oryourev erydayexpensesaf teryou’v ereti
red.Alter
nati
vely,they
canal soactasexcel l
entsour cesofsuppl ement aryincomeduringy our
wor ki
ngy earsbypr ovi
dingy ouwi thadditionalmoneyt omeetout lays
l
ikecol l
egeexpensesorEMI s.

•ToMi nimizet heBurdenofTax

Asidef r
om capi talgrowthorpr eservation,investorsalsohav eanother
compel l
ingincent iv
et oconsidercer taininv estments.Thi smotiv
ation
comesi nt hefor m oftaxbenefitsofferedbyt heIncomeTaxAct ,1961.
Investi
nginopt ionssuchasUni tLinkedI nsurancePl ans( ULI
Ps),
Publ i
c
ProvidentFund( PPF),andEqui tyLinkedSav i
ngsSchemes( ELSS)can
bededuct edf rom y ourtotalincome.Thi shast heef fectofreducing
yourtaxableincome, t
herebybringi
ngdowny ourtaxli
abili
ty.

3.
3Cat
egor
iesofI
nvest
ment

3.3.1Owner shipInv
estment s
Ast henamesuggest s,theseareasset
spurchasedandownedbyy ou,
the
i
nv est
or .Examplesofowner shi
pinvest
mentsincludestocks,
bull
i
on,
and
realestate,amongot hers.I
fyoufundanybusiness,i
t’
salsoakindof
owner shipinvest
ment .

3.3.2Lendi
ngInvest
ments
I
nv estment
si n corpor
ate bonds,gov
ernmentbonds,and savings
account
qualif
yaslendi
nginvest
ments.Whenyoubuythesebondsorpar
kyour

26
money i n a savi
ngs account
,you ar
e basi
cal
l
ylendi
ng t
othe
governmentand
theseinst
it
uti
ons.

3.3.
3CashEqui valents
Cashequi v
alentsareinvest
ment
sthaty
oucaneasi
l
yconverti
ncash.In
other
wor ds,t
heyar ehi ghl
yl i
qui
d.Moneymarketi
nst
rumentsfalli
nt he
category
ofcashequi v
alent
s.

3.
4Impor
tanceofi
nvest
ment

3.
4.1Pr
ovi
dear
egul
ari
ncome
Ifyouar eretir
edorappr oachi
ngreti
rement,
youwil
lprobabl
ybel ooki
ng
forsomet hingcangi vey ouaregulari
ncometocov erdayt
odayl i
vi
ng
expenses.Ther eisar angeofi nvest
ments,i
ncl
udingequiti
es,bonds
andpr oper t
y ,thatcanpr ovi
dey ouwi t
hregul
arincomet hat’
sof t
en
higherthant her at
eofi
nf l
ati
on.

3.
4.2Tai
l
ort
oyourchangi
ngneeds

YouoranI nvestmentManagercandesi gny ourinv estmentport

foli
ot o
achievedifferentgoal sasy ougot
hroughl i
fe,e.g.,youmaypr eferless
ri
sky
opti
onsasy ougetol der
.Wi t
hcarefulplanningy oucant ail
ory our
portfol
i
ot o
refl
ectyourchangi nggoalsandpri
ori
ti
es.Ifyoupl anoni nvest
ingov era
l
ongt i
meper i
od,y oumaywantt oinvestinf undst hathavegrowt h
potenti
al,riskysect or
ssuchasemer gingmar kets,orpr i
vateequi t
y
wher eyoursav i
ngscanr i
deoutshortterm mar ketchanges.Ifyou’re
approaching r eti
rement ,you may wantt oi nv esti n moreincome-
focusedopt ions.

3.
4.3I
nvestt
ofi
tyourf
inanci
alci
rcumst
ances

Asy ourf inanci

alci
rcumstanceschangeov erti
me, youcanchangehow
you
i
nv estt osuityourneeds.Youcani nvestlumpsumsasandwheny ou
can, or
smal lerregularamountsinamont hlyinvestmentplan.Ifyouhavet he
moneyav ail
abl
e,youcanst arti
nvesti
ngst rai
ghtaway .Thesoonery ou
i
nv est,thelongeryourinv
est menthast ogrow.Alternati
vel
y,i
nvest
inga
regularamounteachmont hcanhel pironoutf l
uctuati
onsinthest ock

27
mar
ket
,par
ti
cul
arl
yinav
olat
il
emar
ket
.

3.
4.4Out
per
for
minf
lat
ion

Inorderforyoursavi
ngst ogrow inrealter
msov ertime,t heyneedt o
earna
rateofretur
naf tert
axt hat’
sgr eat
erthant her at
eofi nflat
ion.With
today’
slow i
nterestr
ates,itcanbedi ff
icul
ttof i
ndasav i
ngsaccount
thatcangiveyour et
urnabov ethecurrentinfl
ati
onr ate.So,it’sworth
consider
ing i
nvestments which hav et he potenti
alt o out per
for
m
i
nflat
ion.

3.
5Adv
ant
agesofI
nvest
ment

I
nvesti
ngi stheleast“active”appr
oacht opar
ti
cipat
ingi
nt he
markets.Itcanbegoodf orthosewhohav eaninter
esti
nt he
marketsbutdon’
thav eenoughi nt
eresti
nitt
omakei tapartof
t
heirdail
yorweeklyschedule.

 Somepeoplehav eextremedif
fi
cul
tydoingshort
-ter
mt rading.
Some,i
nf act
,believeit’
simpossi
bletodeter
mineshor t-
term
moveswit
hconsistentaccur
acy
.Forsuchpeopl
e,invest
ingmay
beagoodchoice

 Hol
dingaposit
ionformoret hanay earpot ent
ial
l
yall
owsyouto
t
apintot
helong-t
erm capi
talgainstax,whichisgener
all
yal
ower
t
axratet
hanshort-
ter
m capitalgai
nst ax.

 Diversi
fi
cati
onreducestheriskinvol
vedinbuildi
ngapor t
fol
io
therebyfur
therr
educi
ngtheri
skforaninvest
or.AsMut ualFunds
consistofmanysecuri
ti
es,
invest
or’
sinter
est
sar esaf
eguardedif
thereisadownfall
inot
hersecuri
ti
essopurchased.

3.
6Di
sadv
ant
agesofI
nvest
ment

 Themaj ordi
sadvantageofinvesti
ngisthati
tisalwayspossi
ble
tolosemoneyonwhat ev
erinv
est mentyoumake.Ifyouinv
estin
ararecoll
ect
ibl
e,thev al
ueofi tcanri
seorfalldependi
ngonits
popular
it
yanditsavail
abi
li
tyont hemarket
.

 Ofthethree-
ti
mehor i
zons,inv
est
ingcanbethesl
owestwayto
makemoney ,assumingt hatyoucouldbeanexcel
lentswi
ng
t
raderordaytrader
.

 Becausei
nvest
ingr
eusest
hesamecapi
talv
eryi
nfr
equent
ly,t
he

28
 annualret
urns ar
e gener
all
y notas good as a successf
ul
prof
essi
onaltr
ader
.

I
nv estor
snot oriouslyhav eaverydif
fi
cultti
meout performingt he
mar ket—maki nginv est
ingdecisi
onsthatresulti
nabet terreturn
thanifyousi mpl yinvestedthatsamemoneyi ntoanequi t
yindex
fund,such as t he S&P 500,and di dn’ttouch it.Even many
professi
onalf undmanager saren’
tabletodot hatforthei
rclients
aftercosts.

3.
6Ty
pesofi
nvest
mentav
enues

 St
ocks
Compani essellsharesofst ockt oraisemoneyf orstar
t-
uporgr owth.
Wheny ouinvestinstocks,y ou’r
ebuy i
ngashar eofowner shipina
corporat i
on.You’ r
e a shar eholder.There aret wo ty
pes ofst ock,
commonst ockandpr eferredst ock.Investmentret
urnsandr isksf or
botht ypesofst ocksvary,dependi ngonf actor
ssuchast heeconomy ,
poli
ticalscene,t hecompany 'sper f
ormanceandot herstockmar ket
factors.

 Bonds
When y ou buy a bond,y ou’rel endi ng money t o a company or
gov ernment al enti
ty,suchasaci ty,stateornat i
on.Bondsar ei ssuedf or
asetper iodoft imedur ingwhi chi nterestpay ment sar emadet ot he
bondhol der.Theamountoft hesepay ment sdependsont hei nterest
rateestabl i
shedbyt hei ssueroft hebondwhent hebondi si ssued.Thi s
i
scal ledacouponr at e,whi chcanbef ixedorv ariable.Att heendoft he
setper i
odoft ime( mat urit
ydat e),thebondi ssueri sr equiredt orepay
thepar ,orf acev alue,oft hebond( theor i
ginalloanamount ).
Bondsar e
consideredamor est ablei nv est
mentcompar edt ost ocksbecauset hey
usuallypr ov i
deast eadyf low ofi ncome.Butbecauset hey ’
remor e
stable,theirl ong-termr etur npr obablywi l
lbel esswhencompar edt o
stocks.Bonds, howev er,cansomet imesout perfor m apar ti
cul arstock’s
rateofr eturn.Keepi nmi ndt hatbondsar esubj ectt oanumberof
i
nv estmentr i
sksi ncl udingcr editr i
sk,r epaymentr iskandi nterestr ate
ri
sk.

 Cashequi
val
ent
Cashequivalenti
nvestment sprotecty ouror
igi
nalinvest
mentandl et
youhav eaccesstoy ourmoney .Exampl esincl
udesav ingsaccount,
certi
fi
cat
eofdepositetc.Thesedifferentty
pesofinvest
ment sgeneral
ly
deli
veramor establer at
eofr eturn.Butcashequi val
entinvestments
aren’
tdesigned f
orl ong-ter
m inv estmentgoals such as r
eti
rement.

29
Aftert
axesarepaid,t
herat
eofr
etur
nisof
tensol
ow t
hati
tdoesn’
t
keeppacewit
hinf
lati
on.

 Real
est
ate

Investi
ng inr ealestateinvolv
es pur chasing r
esidentialor
commer ci
alpropert
iestoallow yourcapit
alt oappreciat
eort o
generateregularrentali
ncome.Anot herstr
ategyist opurchase
realestateunit
s,holdthem andthensel lt
hem atalat erpointin
timef orahigherprice,t
husearningasi gnif
icantr
eturnony our
i
ni t
ial
investment.

 Mut
ual
fund

Amut ualf
undi sanopenendprof
essionallymanagedinvestment
fund that pools money f
rom many i nvestor
st o purchase
securi
ti
es.Mut ualf
undarethe“largestpr oport
ionofequityof
U.S.compani es.” Mut
ualfund investors may be r etai
lor
i
nstit
uti
onalinnatur
e.

 Bankdeposi
t

Theseareregardedasoneoft hemostpopul ari

nvest
mentsin
i
ndia.Theypr
ov i
deaf i
xedrateofret
urnforaspecif
icperi
odand
consi
deredasal owri
skoption.Theinter
estr
atevari
esfr
om one
deposi
ttoanotherandchangesfrom ti
met ot
ime.

 Gol
dfund

Agoldfundi sty
peofi nvestmentf undt hatcommonl yholds
physi
calgoldbull
ion,goldfuturescont r
act s,orgol
dmi ni
ng
companies.Iti
saconv eni
entwayt oinvestinanassetwi t
hout
wanttopurchasecommodi tyinitsphy sicalform.Theseareopen
endedinvestmentsbasedont heuni t
spr ov i
dedbythegold
exchangetradedfund.

30
 CHAPTER4

DATAANALYSI
SANDI
NTERPREI
ON

31
 DATAANALYSI
SANDI
NTERPRETATI
ON
Thedatacol
lect
edar
eanal
ysedusi
ngsev
eralv
ari
abl
eandt
her
esul
tof
anal
yseddat
aareasfol
l
ows;

Tabl
e4.
1

Genderwi
secl
assi
fi
cat
ionoft
her
espondent
s

Gender Noofper
son Per
cent
age

Mal
e 24 48

Femal
e 26 52

Tot
al 50 100

(Sour
ce:
pri
mar
ydat
a)

From abovetabl
eitwasfoundt
hatthemajorpopulat
ionofinv
estor
s
arefemalegr
oupabout52%outoft
otalandmalegroupareabout48%
only
.

Fi
gur
e4.
1

Genderwi
secl
assi
fi
cat
ionofr
espondent
s

32
 Tabl
e4.
2

Agewi
secl
assi
fi
cat
ionofr
espondent
s

Age Noofper
son Per
cent
age

Bel
ow30 17 33.
46

30-
40 18 34.
62

40-
50 15 31.
92

Abov
e50 0 0.
00

(
Sour
ce:
pri
mar
ydat
a)

Amongthepopulat
ionmajorofr
espondent
swas30to40year
sabout
34.
62% andsecondlybel
ow 30year
sabout33.
46%.Abov
e50y ears

33
popul
ati
onwasnul
li
nsur
veycol
l
ect
edf
rom bankempl
oyees.

Fi
gur
e4.
2

Agewi
secl
assi
fi
cat
ionoft
her
espondent
s

Tabl
e4.
3

Educat
ional
qual
i
ficat
ionoft
her
espondent
s

Qual
i
ficat
ion Noofper
son Per
cent
age

Undergr
aduat
ion 20 39.
22

Postgr
aduat
ion 26 50.
98

Ot
her 4 9.
80

(
Sour
ce:
pri
mar
ydat
a)

Amongt
het
otalsampl
emaj
ori
tyofr
espondent
sar
epostgr
aduat
es

34
wi
th 50.98% and i
tisf ol
l
owed by 39.22%.The ot her cat
egor
y
r
espondentsar
ecompar
ati
vel
ylowwi
th9.80%respect
ivel
y.

Fi
gur
e4.
3

Educat
ionqual
i
ficat
ionoft
her
espondent
s

Tabl
e4.
4

Annual
incomeoft
her
espondent
s

I
ncome Noofper
son Per
cent
age

Bel
ow200000 6 11.
76

200000-
500000 26 50.
98

500000t
o1000000 17 35.
29

Abov
e1000000 1 1.
96

Tot
al 50 100

(
Sour
ce:
pri
mar
ydat
a)

Theabov
etabl
eshowst
hatamongthe50r
espondent
s50.
98%ofthem
havi
ngaannuali
ncomebetween2,
00,
000to5,00,
000,35.
29% hav
e

35
500000to1000000,11.
76%hav
e4bel
ow 200000andonl
y1.
96%wi
th
above1000000.

Fi
gur
e4.
4

Annual
incomeoft
her
espondent
s

Tabl
e4.
5

whet
herr
espondent
ssav
eandi
nvestt
hei
rincome

Opt
ions Noofper
son Per
cent
age

Yes 49 96.
08

No 1 3.
92

Tot
al 50 100

(
Sour
ce:
pri
mar
ydat
a)

From thesur
veyi
twasfoundthat96.
08%r espondent
sinv
estandsave
thei
rincomeandonly3.
92% arenoninvestorsandnothavi
ngsaving
habi
t.

36
 Fi
gur
e4.
5

whet
herr
espondent
sinv
estandsav
ethei
rincome

Tabl
e4.
6

Sour
cesofi
nvest
mentopt
ion

Sour
ce Noofper
son Per
cent
age

Tv/
newspaper 32 42.
67

Fr
iends/r
elat
ives 24 32.
00

Bank/br
oker
age 19 25.
33

(
Sour
ce:
pri
mar
ydat
a)

From t
heabovetableandchart
,itwasf oundthatmul
tipleaspect
s
i
nfl
uenced r
espondents.42.
67% respondent
s come to know about
i
nvestmentopt
ionsfrom tvornewspaper,32% ofpopul ati
onfrom

37
fri
endsorrelat
ivesand25.
33%from bankorbr
oker
age.I
tcanbest
ated
thatmaj or
it
yoft hepersonscomet oknow from t
vornewspaper
advert
isement.

Fi
gur
e4.
6

Sour
cesofi
nvest
mentopt
ions

Tabl
e4.
7

Showi
ngt
hesect
ori
nwhi
chr
espondent
sinv
est

Sect
or Noofper
son Per
cent
age

Pr
ivat
esect
or 2 3.
77

Publ
i
csect
or 25 47.
17

Gov
ernmentsect
or 26 49.
06

(
Sour
ce:
pri
mar
ydat
a)

From the abov

e char
tand t
able,itwas found t
hatmostoft he
respondent
sareinv
est
ingi
ngovernmentsect
orwit
h49.06%andl
east

38
areinpr
ivat
esectorwithonly3.77%.Othersareinvest
inginpubl
i
c
sect
orwi
th47.17%minordi
ff
erencefr
om governmentsect
or.

Fi
gur
e4.
7

Showi
ngt
hesect
ori
nwhi
chr
espondent
sinv
est

Tabl
e4.
8

Showi
ngt
hesav
ingobj
ect
iveofr
espondent
s

Obj
ect
ive Noofper
son Per
cent
age

Chi
l
dreneducat
ion 19 37.
25

Heal
thcar
e 4 7.
84

Homepur
chase 11 21.
57

39
Houseconst
ruct
ion 13 25.
49

Ot
her 3 7.
84
(
Sour
ce:
pri
mar
ydat
a)

Amongthepopulat
ionofsurveyt
hemajori
tyr
espondentssavi
ngobject
ivei
s
chi
l
dreneducat
ionwith37.25%.Andnextishouseconstruct
ionandhome
pur
chasewit
h25.49%and21.57%.Atl
astheal
thcar
ewi t
h7.84%only
.

Fi
gur
e4.
8

Showi
ngt
hesav
ingobj
ect
iveofr
espondent
s

Tabl
e4.
9

Toknowt
hei
nvest
mentobj
ect
ive

Obj
ect
ive Noofper
son Per
cent
age

I
ncome/capit
al
appr
eci
ati
on
19 31.
37

Longt
erm gr
owt
h 23 45.
10

Shor
tter
m gr
owt
h 4 7.
84

40
Gr
owt
handi
ncome 8 15.
69

(
Sour
ce:
pri
mar
ydat
a)

Themaininvestmentobj
ect
iveoft herespondentsislongterm gr owt
h
wit
h45.10%andsecondmai ni sincomeandcapi t
alappreciat
ionwi t
h
31.
37%.otherobjecti
vesshortterm growthandgr owthandi ncome
havel
esspri
orit
ycomparetoabov enotedwith7.84%and15. 69%.

Fi
gur
e4.
9

Toknowt
hei
nvest
mentobj
ect
ive

Tabl
e4.
10

Toknowempl
oyeeshav
efor
mal
budgetf
orf
ami
l
yexpendi
tur
e

Opt
ions Noofper
son Per
cent
age

Yes 45 90.
20

No 5 9.
80

(
Sour
ce:
pri
mar
ydat
a)

From the abovetabl

e and graph,i
twas f
ound t
hat90.2% ofthe
respondent
shav eaf or
malbudgetf orf
amil
yexpendi
tur
e and r
est
9.80%nothavingf
ormalbudget.

41
 Fi
gur
e4.
10

Toknowempl
oyeeshav
efor
mal
budgetf
orf
ami
l
yexpendi
tur
e

Tabl
e4.
11

Showi
ngt
her
ateatwhi
chi
nvest
mentgr
ow

Gr
owt
h Noofper
son Per
cent
age

St
eadi
l
y 48 92.
31

Atanav
erage 3 5.
77

42
 Fast 1 1.
92

(Sour
ce:
pri
mar
ydat
a)

Abovetableandfi
gureshowsthatthe92.31% i
nvest
orswantthei
r
i
nvestmenttogr
ow st
eadi
lyandonl
y5.77% and1.
92% ofthem atan
aver
ageandfast
.

Fi
gur
e4.
11

Showi
ngt
her
ateatwhi
chi
nvest
mentgr
ow

Tabl
e4.
12

Toknowt
hepur
poseofi
nvest
ment

Pur
pose Noofper
son Per
cent
age

Weal
thcr
eat
ion 33 66.
67

Taxsav
ing 1 1.
96

43
 Ear
nret
urn 15 29.
41

Ot
her 1 1.
96

(
Sour
ce:
pri
mar
ydat
a)

From the tabl

e and graph i
tcan be f
ound t hat66.67% ofbank
employeesinvestforthepurposeofwealt
hcr eati
on,
29.41% t
oearn
retur
n.Onl
y1.96%ofthem fort
axsavi
ngandotherpurposes.

Fi
gur
e4.
12

Toknowt
hepur
poseofi
nvest
ment

Tabl
e4.
13

Toknowt
hemanagementofi
nvest
ment

Response Noofper
son Per
cent
age

Sel
fmanaged 36 66.
67

St
ockbr
oker
s 0 0

44
 Thr
oughbank 14 33.
33

(
Sour
ce:
pri
mar
ydat
a)

I
twasfoundthatmostoft hebankemployeesar
emanagingi
nvest
ment
bysel
fabout66.67%ar eselfmanagedand33.33%t
hrough.Nooneis
managedbystockbrokers.

Fi
gur
e4.
13

Toknowt
hemanagementofi
nvest
ment

Tabl
e4.
14

Showi
ngt
hemoni
tor
ingofi
nvest
mentbyr
espondent
s

per
cent
age
Moni
tor
ing Noofper
son

Dai
l
y 1 1.
96

Mont
hly 19 39.
22

45
 Occasi
onal
l
y 30 58.
82

(
Sour
ce:
pri
mar
ydat
a)

Mostoft he employ
ees monit
orthei
rinvest
mentonlyoccasi
onal
ly
about58.
82% ,other
smonthlyabout39.
22% andonl
y1.96% moni
tor
dai
lybasi
s.

Fi
gur
e4.
14

Showi
ngt
hemoni
tor
ingofi
nvest
mentbyr
espondent
s

Tabl
e4.
15

Toknowt
het
imeper
iodpr
eferf
ori
nvest
ment

Ti
mePer
iod Noofper
son Per
cent
age

Shor
tter
m 8 15.
38

Medi
um t
erm 23 48.
08

46
 Longt
erm 19 36.
54

(
Sour
ce:
pri
mar
ydat
a)

From theabov etabl

eitwasf oundt hatthe48.
08% oft
heemploy
ees
preferati
meper iodofmedium term ,3654%pref
erl
ongter
m andonl
y
15.38%prefershortt
erm per
iodfori
nv est
ment.

Fi
gur
e4.
15

Toknowt
het
imeper
iodpr
eferf
ori
nvest
ment

Tabl
e4.
16

Toknowwhet
herr
espondent
sconsul
tsot
her
sbef
orei
nvest
ment
choi
ce.

Consul
t Noofper
son Per
cent
age

Al
way
s 19 38

47
 Rar
ely 7 14

Somet
imes 24 48

Nev
er 0 0.
00

(
Sour
ce:
pri
mar
ydat
a)

From the abov

e graph and t
ableitis cl
earl
y stat
ed that48% of
employ
eesconsultothersometimesonlybeforeinvest
mentchoice,
38%alwaysconsul
tand14%rarel
yconsul
t.

Fi
gur
e4.
16

Toknowwhet
herr
espondent
sconsul
tsot
her
sbef
orei
nvest
ment
choi
ce.

Tabl
e4.
17

Showi
ngt
heper
cent
ageofi
ncomei
nvestbyr
espondent
s

Opt
ions Noofper
son Per
cent
age

0t
o15% 22 43.
14

15t
o30% 25 50.
98

48
 30t
o50% 2 3.
92

Abov
e50% 1 1.
96

(
Sour
ce:
pri
mar
ydat
a)

From theabov et ableand char

titwasf ound that 50.98% ofthe
respondentsi
nv est12to30%oft hei
rannuali
ncome,43. 14%invest0
to15%t hen1.96%i nv
estabove50%and3.92%invest30to50%oft hei
r
annualincome.

Fi
gur
e4.
17

Fi
gur
eshowi
ngt
heper
cent
ageofi
ncomei
nvestbyr
espondent
s

Tabl
e4.
18

Toknowt
het
ypei
nvest
mentopt
ionpr
eferbyr
espondent
s

Ty
pes Noofper
son Per
cent
age

Shar
es 34 35.
05

Mut
ual
fund 8 8.
24

49
 Bankdeposi
t 35 36.
08

Postof
fi
cesav
ings 15 15.
78

Gol
d/r
eal
est
ates 0 0

Ot
her 5 4.
85

(
Sour
ce:
pri
mar
ydat
a)

Itwasfoundthatthe36.
08%oftherespondentsinvestedasbankdeposit,
15.78arei
nvestedinmut
ual
funds,
15.
78%ar einvest
edi nothert
ype,
35.05%
i
nshar es,15.78inpostof
fi
cesavi
ngsandnobodyi nvest
edingol
d/r eal
estat
e.

Fi
gur
e4.
18

Toknowt
het
ypei
nvest
mentopt
ionpr
eferbyr
espondent
s

Tabl
e4.
19

Toknowwhet
herr
espondent
sinv
esti
nshar
emar
ket

Opt
ions Noofper
sons Per
cent
age

Yes 34 68

50
 No 16 32

(
Sour
ce:
pri
mar
ydat
a)

From t he abovetabl
e and gr
aph itwas found t
hatthe 68% of
respondentsinv
est
edinshar
emar ketand32%ar
enotinv
est
ed.

Fi
gur
e4.
19

Toknowwhet
herr
espondent
sinv
esti
nshar
emar
ket

Tabl
e4.
20

Showi
ngt
hef
act
orbef
orei
nvest
ing

Fact
ors Noofper
son Per
cent
age

Saf
etyofpr
inci
pal 22 44.
44

51
 Lowr
isk 25 50

Hi
ghr
isk 1 1.
85

Mat
uri
typer
iod 2 3.
70

(
Sour
ce:
pri
mar
ydat
a)
I
twasf oundthatthe50% oft herespondent
sconsiderthef
actorlow
ri
sk befor
et aki
ng investmentdecision,
44.
44% considersafet
y of
pri
nci
palamountandonl y3.70% and1.85% consi
dermatur
it
yper i
od
andhighri
skasaf act
or.

Fi
gur
e4.
20

Showi
ngt
hef
act
orbef
orei
nvest
ing

Tabl
e4.
21

Toknowmont
hlyi
ncomespendi
ng

Spendi
ng Noofper
son Per
cent
age

52
 Shoppi
ng 0 0

I
nvest
ment 0 0

Sav
ings 0 0

Al
loft
heabov
e 50 100

(
Sour
ce:
pri
mar
ydat
a)

Abovet able shows t

hatthe monthl
yincome ofrespondents ar
e
spendi
ngf oralloftheabov
ecategorysuchasshoppi
ng,invest
ment
andsavi
ngs.

Fi
gur
e4.
21

Toknowmont
hlyi
ncomespendi
ng

Tabl
e4.
22

Towhet
herr
espondent
ssetasi
despecial
fundf
orchi
l
deducat
ion
ormarr
iage.

53
 Opt
ions Noofper
son per
cent
age

Yes 8 17.
65

No 42 82.
35

(
Sour
ce:
pri
mar
ydat
a)
From t heabov etabl
eandgr aph,itwasf oundt hat82.35% ofthe
respondent sdid notsetasi
de fund f
orthei
rchildren educat
ion or
mar r
iageonl y17.
65% keptasidefundforeducat
ionandmar ri
ageof
thei
rchi l
dren.

Fi
gur
e4.
22

Towhet
herr
espondent
ssetasi
despecial
fundf
orchi
l
deducat
ion
ormarr
iage.

Tabl
e4.
23

Toknowwhet
hert
her
espondent
scantaker
iskofl
osi
ngt
he
pri
nci
palamount

54
 Opt
ions Noofper
son Per
cent
age

Yes 17 35.
29

No 33 64.
17

(
Sour
ce:
pri
mar
ydat
a)
From theabovetabl
eandchart,itwasf oundthatt
he64.17% of
respondent
sar
enotabletot
aketheri
skofl
osingt
hepri
nci
palamount
and35.29%canabl
etotaket
heri
sk.

Fi
gur
e4.
23

Toknowwhet
hert
herespondentscantaker
iskofl
osi
ngt
he
pri
ncipalamount.

55
 CHAPTER5
FI
NDI
NGS,SUGESSTI
ONSAND
CONCLUSION

FI
NDI
NGS,
SUGGESTI
ON ANDCONCLUSI
ON

56
5.
1Fi
ndi
ngs

 Maxi
mum i
nvest
orsar
eawar
eofal
li
nvest
mentopt
ions.

 Major
it
yoft
her
espondent
sar
eint
heagegr
oup30t
o40about
34.
62%

 Outoft
he50respondent
s52%wasf emal
eand48%wasmen,
in
t
hatmostoft
hem arepostgr
aduat
es.

 Whenweaskedf r
om therespondent
saboutthei
rincome,we
foundthatmostoftherespondent
sarehav
ingannual i
ncome
between2,00,
000to5,00,
000.

I
nv estor
sdonotinvesti
nsingl
eavenue.Theypreferdi
ff
erent
avenuesandmax imum i
nvestor
sprefert
oinvestasbankdeposi
t
andi nmutual
funds.

 Maximum i
nvestor
swantst
hei
rinv
estmentgrowst
eadi
l
y.And
af
ter5.
77%prefertogr
owatanaverager
ate.

 Themainpurposeofmaj
ori
tyoft
hepeopl
etoi
nvestmoneyi
sfor
weal
thcreat
ion.

 Themainwayfrom whichinv
estor
scomet oknowaboutdi
ff
erent
i
nvestmentopt
ionsar
ef r
om tel
evi
sionandnewspaper
adver
ti
sement.

 Themainfact
orsconsi
derbyi
nvest
orswhi
l
einv
est
ingar
elow
ri
skandsafet
yofpri
nci
pleamount.

 Maj
ori
tyofi
nvest
orsi
nvest15t
o30%oft
hei
rannual
income.

 Maxi
mum inv
est
orsmoni
torthei
rinv
est
mentonoccasi
onal
l
yonl
y
noti
ndai
l
yormonthl
ybasis.

 Mostoft
heinvestor
sinvestt
hei
rincomeingovernmentsect
oras
compar
edtoinvesti
nginpubl
icorpri
vat
esector.

 Themainsavi
ngobject
iveofmajor
it
yofpopulat
ioni
sfort
hei
r
chi
ldr
eneducat
ionandforhouseconst
ruct
ion.

 Mostoft
her
espondent
sinv
estt
hei
rannual
incomei
nshar
e

57
 mar
ket
.

 Major
it
yofrespondent
smainobj
ecti
vef
ori
nvest
ingthei
rannual
i
ncomeisforlongter
m gr
owth,i
ncomeandcapi
talappr
eci
ati
on.

 90%ofthebankempl
oyeeshav
eaf
ormal
budgetf
orf
ami
l
y
expendi
tur
e.

 Mostoft
her espondent
sdidn’tsetasi
despeci
alf
undf
ort
hei
r
chi
l
dreneducationormarr
iage.

 Nowaday speopleselfmanagetheiri
nvestmentbecause36
r
espondentshaveselfmanaged.Only33.33%ofrespondent
s
t
hroughbankandnoonesai dthroughstockbroker
s.

I
nt hi
sstudywecanseet
hati
nvestor
saremoresat
isf
iedf
rom
bankdeposit
sfol
l
owedbypostoff
icesav
ings.

58
5.
2 Suggest
ions

 Thev ari
ousinv
estmenttool
swhi char emost l
yprefer
redby
theinv est
orsarebankdeposi
ts,sharesetc.Bankempl oyees
should hav ev ar
ious ot
her means t o create awareness
regarding t
hepotenti
alofotheri nst
rumentsand t hetools
whichcanbemor ebenefi
ci
alt
othei nvest
ors.

 Theinvestor
sconsiderv ari
ousfactorwhil
emakinginv
estment
l
ow risk,safetyofpri
nci pl
eet cbankempl oy
eesshouldhave
rat
ionalthi
nkingSo,thatt heyareabletoknow whatpointof
ti
met heyneedcapitalappreciat
ioninst
eadtheri
sk.

 Thepreferr
edtimespanofinvest
mentbybankemployeesis
medium term,mostprobabl
ythelongtimespanissuitabl
e
becausetheret
urnsar
ehighandsafet
yisal
sot
here.

 Bankemployeesshoul
dhaveacompl
eteknowl
edgeofal
lthe
di
ffer
enti
nvestmental
ter
nat
ives.

 Accordingt othest udy,mostoft her espondent

spr ef
ersel
f
managedi nvest
mentcr it
eria.Fort hem Isuggesttomanage
thei
ri nvestmentt hrough st ock brokerage because st
ock
broker
agehav eaccesstov aluabl
er esearch.

59
5.
3Concl
usi
on
Thisr esearchst udywasconduct edt ounder standthesav inghabi tand
i
nv estmentpat ternofbankempl oy eesandal sotoknowt heirlevelof
awar enesst owar dsal ter
nat i
vei nv estmentav enues.Manyoft he
respondent shav est artedt heirsav ingsf orf utureneeds.Thebank
empl oy eessav edt hei rsav i
ngsi nt hef orm ofbankdeposi ts,mut ual
fundet c.Mostoft hem ar esav edandi nv estedt heiri
ncomef orchil
dren
educat ionandal sof orhouseconst ruction.Thest udyalsor ev eal
edthe
respondent sareawar eaboutt hesel ect i
onbasi sofinvestmentand
woul dpr eferi
nv est mentwher er et urnoni nvest mentisgoodandal so
goodi nv estmentwhi chhel pinassetcr eationf orthei
rfutur e.This
resear chwi l
lalsogui det heinv estmentf irmst oident
ifyther ight
respondent sandt oof fertheirinv estmenti nst r
ument sanddeci detheir
policyaccor dingly .

60
BI
BLI
OGRAPHY

61
Jour
nal
s

1)Dinesh(2000),pref
erencesandsigni
fi
canceofdemogr
aphi
cson
thefact
orsinfl
uenci
ngi nvest
mentdecisi
on.

2)Achangi
ngf
inanci
ali
nvest
mentbehav
iourofhousehol
dbyAl
taf
M
(2002)

3)Studyofsav
ingpatt
ernandi
nvest
mentpref
erencesofi
ndiv
idual
househol
dinIndi
a,byMeenakshi
Chat
urv
ediandShruti
khar
e
(2000)

4)Ast
udyoni
nvest
mentpat
ter
nofwomeni
nvest
ors,by
Sant
hiy
aval
l
i
GandUshar
ani
M(Mar
ch,
2001)
.

5)Ast
udyonpreferr
edinv
estmentav
enuesamongthepeopl
eand
f
act
orsconsi
deredfori
nvest
mentbyAshl
y(2010).

6)Di
ff
erencei
ngenderatti
tudei
ninv
est
mentdeci
sionmaki
ngi
n
i
ndi
a,byGaurAr
ti(2011)
7)I
nvest
mentpr
efer
encesofsal
ari
edi
ndi
vi
dual
stowar
dsf
inanci
al

62
 pr
oduct
s,byPuneet
Bhushan&Yaj
uluMedur
y(2013)

8)Studyonsavi
ngsandinv
estmentpat
ter
noft eacher
swi
th
refer
encet
oThanjav
urcit
ycorpor
ati
on.
(2016)

9)Ri
skper
cept
ionofempl
oyeeswi t
hr espectt
oequi
tyshar
es,
by
Ranj
i
tSi
nghandBhowal
Amal esh(2017)

10)I
nvest
or’
spr
efer
encet
owar
dspostof
fi
cesav
ingscheme,
by
Kar
thi
key
anB(
2018)

Books:

1)I
nvest
mentmanagement
,DrAbdul
Assi
sKor
oth

2)Fundament
alsofi
nvest
ment
,Cal
i
cutuni
ver
sit
y

Websi
tes:

www.
mar
ket
wat
ch.
com

www.
oecd.
org

www.
jgbm.
com

www.
inv
est
opedi
a.com

63
 ANNEXURE

Astudyonsav
ingsandi
nvest
mentbehav
iourofbank
employees

 Name:
-

 Gender
:-

64
 Mal
e

Femal
e

Ot
her

 Age:
-

Bel
ow30

30-
40

40-
50

Abov
e50

 Educat
ionqual
i
ficat
ion

Undergr
aduat
e

Postgr
aduat
e

Ot
her

 Annual
income

Bel
ow200000

65
 200000-
500000

500000-
1000000

Abov
e1000000

 Doy
oui
nvestandsav
eyouri
ncome:
-

Yes

No

 Ar
eyouawar
eofsav
ingsandi
nvest
mentconcept?

Al
way
s

Rar
ely

Somet
imes

Nev
er

 Outofthefol
l
owi
ng,
whi
cht
ypeofi
nvest
mentar
eyouawar
eof
ori
nvested?

Shar
es

Mut
ual
funds

Bankdeposi
ts

Postof
fi
cesav
ings

Gol
d/r
eal
est
ates

Ot
her

 From whi
chsour
cey
oucomet
oknowaboutv
ari
ousi
nvest
ment
opti
ons?

Tv/newspaper

Fr
iends/r
elat
ives

66
 Bank/br
oker
age

Ot
her

I
nwhi
chsect
ordoy
oupr
efert
oinv
esty
ourmoney?

Pr
ivat
esect
or

Publ
i
csect
or

Gov
ernmentsect
or

Ot
her

 Whati
syoursav
ingobj
ect
ive?

Chi
l
dreneducat
ion

Heal
thcar
e

Homepur
chase

Houseconst
ruct
ion

Ot
her

 Doy
ouhav
efor
mal
budgetf
orf
ami
l
yexpendi
tur
e?

Yes

No

 Whatper
cent
ageofi
ncomey
oui
nvest?

0-
15%

15-
20%

30-
50%

Abov
e50%

 Doy
oui
nvesti
nshar
emar
ket
?

Yes

No

67
I
fyes,
imagi
nethatst
ockmar
ketdr
opsaf
tery
oui
nvesti
nit
t
henwhatwil
lyoudo?

Wi
thdr
aw

Wai
ttoi
ncr
ease

I
nvestmor
eoni
t

Ot
her

 Atwhi
chr
atedoy
ouwanty
ouri
nvest
mentt
ogr
ow?

St
eadi
l
y

Atanav
erage

Fast

Ot
her

 Havey
ousetasi
def
undspeci
all
yfort
heeducat
ionormar
ri
age
ofy
ourchi
l
dren?

Yes

No

 Whi
chf
act
ordoy
ouconsi
derbef
orei
nvest
ing?

Saf
etyofpr
inci
pal

Lowr
isk

Hi
ghr
isk

Mat
uri
typer
iod

Ot
her

 Howdoy
ouspendy
ourmont
hlyi
ncome?

Shoppi
ng

68
 I
nvest
ment

Sav
ings

Al
loft
heabov
e

 Howof
tendoy
oumoni
tory
ouri
nvest
ment?

Dai
l
y

Mont
hly

Occasi
onal
l
y

 Whati
sthet
imeper
iody
oupr
efert
oinv
est
ment?

Shor
tter
m

Medi
um t
erm

Longt
erm

 Cany
out
aker
iskofl
osi
ngy
ourpr
inci
pal
amount?

Yes

No

 Doyouconsul
tyourfr
iendsandr
elat
ivesbef
oremaki
ng
i
nvest
mentchoice?

Al
way
s

Rar
ely

69
 Somet
imes

Nev
er

 Howdoy
oumanagey
ouri
nvest
ment?

Sel
fmanaged

St
ockbr
oker
s

Thr
oughbank

Ot
her

 Hav
eyoui
nvest
edy
oursav
ingssof
ar?

Yes

No

 Whati
sthepur
posebehi
ndi
nvest
ment?

Weal
thcr
eat
ion

Taxsav
ing

Ear
nret
urn

Ot
her

70