Name: Clarin P.

Ordinario Date:
Course and Section: BSED-SCIENCE 3 Instructor:

ACTIVITY 2
Types of Cell and the Microbial World

Answer the following questions concisely.

I. Name one organism which will represent each classification of Microbes.

 Viruses- are microscopic infectious organisms that infect and kill host cells. Viruses have
interesting technical possibilities, despite the fact that they are dangerous. (Oncolytic Virus)

 Bacteria – a member of a wide group of unicellular bacteria that lack organelles and a well-
organized nucleus, some of which can cause disease.
 Fungi- Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms as well as
other microorganisms. These organisms belong to the fungus kingdom.
The organisms found in Kingdom fungus contain a cell wall and are pervasive. Among living
organisms, they are categorized as heterotrophs.
 Algae- Algae mainly found in aquatic environments, they are protists that contain plant-
like characteristics. Chlorophyceae (Green algae)
 Protozoa-The protozoa go through a number of stages throughout their life cycle. Some
aspects of the life cycle are contagious.

 The cyst stage is latent and resistant to stress, whereas the trophozoite stage reproduces
and causes sickness.

Virus
(Oncolytic Virus)

 Research has shown that some viruses can infect and kill tumor cells. These viruses are known as
oncolytic viruses and include viruses found in nature and viruses modified in the laboratory to
reproduce efficiently in cancer cells without harming healthy cells.
 Oncolytic viruses have long been viewed as tools for directly killing cancer cells. But a growing body
of research suggests that some oncolytic viruses may work—at least in part—by triggering an immune
response in the body against the cancer. When a virus infects a tumor cell, the virus makes copies of
itself until the cell bursts. The dying cancer cell releases materials, such as tumor antigens, that allow
the cancer to be recognized or “seen” by the immune system. For this reason, some researchers consider
oncolytic viruses to be a form of immunotherapy—a treatment that harnesses the immune system
against cancer.

Bacteria
( Lactobacillus acidophilus)
Lactobacillus acidophilus is one of the most important strains of Lactobacillus in the group of lactic acid
bacteria. This bacterium lives most often in the small intestine, where it helps maintain a healthy intestinal wall
to ensure the necessary absorption of nutrients and function of the overall digestive system.

One separate meta-analysis found, that probiotic food supplements containing an acidophilus strain help
relieve diarrhea. The third study also found that food supplements containing both L. acidophilus and B.
bifidum helped to reduce the harmful effects of antibiotics on the intestinal microflora. Research also shows that
acidophilus helps to improve the activity of the immune system and support the health of women’s vaginal
microflora.
Lactobacillus acidophilus benefits:
 Supports all digestive function
 Enhances absorption of nutrients
 Relieves abdominal cramps, gases and diarrhea
 Supports the health of the immune system and urinary tract
 Improves vaginal microflora in women

Fungi
Deuteromycetes
These fungi are commonly found in soil, and it's thought that they create antibiotic compounds to compete with
soil bacteria and other fungus. Many of these fungi produce enzymes to aid in the breakdown of plant remnants,
which provide them with food. The majority of food deterioration and fungal human diseases are caused by
members of this group.

Algae-
There are about 7000 known species of Chlorophyceae. With the exception of a few (- 10%) marine varieties,
they all lived in freshwater.
Single-celled (Chlamydomonas), colonial (Volvox), filamentous (Spirogyra), and tubular forms are also
possible (Caulerpa).
The chloroplast, which includes diverse photosynthetic pigments such as Chl-a, b, carotenes, and xanthophylls,
allows them to photosynthesise.
The Chlorophyceae family has over 7000 species. Except for a few (- 10%) marine types, most of them lived in
freshwater. Single-celled (Chlamydomonas), colonial (Volvox), filamentous (Spirogyra), and tubular varieties
are also possible (Caulerpa). The chloroplast, which includes diverse photosynthetic pigments like Chl-a, b,
carotenes, and xanthophylls, allows them to photosynthesise. They range in color from yellowish green to dark
green. They have flat cristae in their mitochondria. They have a cellulose and pectin-based cell wall with a
central vacuole.
Green algae store their food in the form of carbohydrates and fat, which forms pyrenoids.one or two flagella are
found in some green algae species.
Protozoa- Sporozoa or Sporozoans: They don’t have any specialized organ for locomotion

The pellicle is present, which has subpellicular microtubules, that help in movement

Reproduction is by sporozoite formation