1 PC Fundamentals

CompTIA IT Fundamentals +
FC0-U61 – PC Components
Andrei Sima
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IoT (Internet of Things)
Copyright (c) 2018 CompTIA Properties, LLC. All Rights Reserved. | CompTIA.org 2
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The Internet of things (IoT) refers to the concept of extending Internet connectivity
beyond conventional computing platforms such as personal computers and mobile
devices, and into any range of traditionally "dumb" or non-internet-enabled physical
devices and everyday objects. Embedded with electronics, Internet connectivity, and
other forms of hardware (such as sensors), these devices can communicate and interact
with others over the Internet, and they can be remotely monitored and controlled
The definition of the Internet of things has evolved due to convergence of multiple
technologies, real-time analytics, machine learning, commodity sensors, and embedded
systems. Traditional fields of embedded systems, wireless sensor networks, control
systems, automation (including home and building automation), and others all
contribute to enabling the Internet of things.
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Types of IoT
- Tablets
- Smart phones
- Wearable technology
- Virtual reality
- Augmented reality
- e-readers
- Gps
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Motherboards and components
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System Board Components
• Chipsets
• Expansion slots and buses
• Memory slots and external cache
• CPU and processor sockets
• Power connectors
• Onboard disk drive connectors
• Keyboard connectors
• Integrated peripheral ports and headers
• BIOS/firmware
• CMOS battery
• Front-panel connectors
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Understanding Bus Architecture
• Parallel vs Serial Connectivity

PCIe Slots
PCIe slots
PCI slots
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Firmware
• Software encoded in hardware

• Often implemented on ROM chips
• Found in computers, printers, etc.
• Common example: computer’s BIOS
• Found on adapters for SCSI, graphics, etc.
BIOS Chip & CMOS Battery
BIOS Settings Saved in CMOS
• Date and Time

• RAID
• WoL
• Drive configuration
• Memory
• CPU settings
• Integrated ports
• Boot sequence
• Power management
• Virtualization support
• Security (passwords, Trusted Platform Module settings,
LoJack)
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CPU Sockets
CPUs
• DIP
• PGA varieties
• LGA
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CPUs Under Heatsinks
CPU Sockets
• LGA 775 (Socket)

• LGA 1156 (Socket H)
• LGA 1155 (Socket H2)
• LGA 1150 (Socket H3)
• LGA 1366 (Socket B)
• LGA 2011 (Socket R)
• Socket AM3
• Socket AM3+
• Socket FM1
• Socket FM2
• Socket FM2+
Intel Processors and Sockets
Intel Sockets Socket Type Processors
LGA 775 T P4, P4 Extreme (single core and dual
core), Pentium D, Celeron D, Core 2
Duo, Core 2 Extreme, Core 2 Quad,
Xeon, Celeron (4xx, Exxxx series)
LGA 1156 H or H1 Celeron (G1xx), Core i3,i5,i7 (8xx

series), Pentium (G6xxx), Xeon (34xx
series)
LGA 1155 H2 Sandy Bridge and Ivy Bridge
(Replaced LGA 1156) architecture (Celeron (G4xx and G5xx
series)
LGA 1150 H3 Hasswell and Broadwell
(Replaced LGA 1155)
LGA 1366 B Core i7 (9xx series), Xeon (35xx,
36xx,55xx), Celeron P1053
LGA 2011 R Sandy bridge E, Ivy bridge EX and
(Replaced LGA 1366) Hasswell E
AMD Processors and Sockets
Socket Type Number of Processors

Pins
Socket AM3 941 Phenom II, Athlon II, Sempron, Opteron
(Replaced AM2+)
Socket AM3+ 942 Bulldozer Architecture plus AM3
processors
Socket FM1 905 AMD Fusion Accelerated Processing Units
(APU), A series
Socket FM2 904 Trinity and Richland APU
Socket FM2+ 906 Steam-roller APU
**Accelerated Processing Unit based CPUs incorporate CPU with GPU

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• Hyperthreading
• Multicore
• Throttling
• Speed
• Process technologies of fabrication in Nanometer
• 32 and 64 bit processors
• Virtualization support
• Integrated GPU
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Virtualization
Means that multiple operating systems can be installed and run simultaneously
on a single computer.
A virtual platform requires at least three components :
■ Computer(s)—the physical machine (or host) that provides the resources, such
as CPU and memory, for the virtual environment.
■ Hypervisor (or Virtual Machine Monitor [VMM])—manages the virtual machine
environment and facilitates interaction with the host hardware and network.
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There are two main classes of hypervisor :
• A Type I (or "bare metal") hypervisor is installed directly on the

computer and interacts directly with its hardware.
• A Type II hypervisor runs as a software application within a host

operating system. The host operating system retains direct control of the
hardware and the hypervisor must request use of it through the host OS
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■ Guest operating systems (or Virtual Machines [VM])—operating systems

installed under the virtual environment.
The number of operating systems is generally only restricted by hardware
capacity. The hypervisor may also restrict the type of operating systems
that can be installed
The resource requirements for virtualization will depend on what

virtualization components will be supported within the environment.
This can include having enough RAM and hard drive capabilities and CPU
power to run the virtualization software.
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Storage Devices
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Ram types
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DIMM Memory
• 168-pin SDR 512 MB per Module
• 184-pin DDR 1 GB per Module
• 240-pin DDR2 4 GB per Module

DIMM Memory
• 240-pin DDR3 8 GB per Module
• 288-pin DDR4 16GB per Module

SODIMM Memory
• 144-pin SDR
• 200-pin DDR2
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Multimeters
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• Serial Port IEEE 1394 FireWire 400 & 800 – 4, 6, 9 pins
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CompTIA IT Fundamentals +

IoT (Internet of Things)

Motherboards and components

• Parallel vs Serial Connectivity

• Software encoded in hardware

• Date and Time

• LGA 775 (Socket)

LGA 1156 H or H1 Celeron (G1xx), Core i3,i5,i7 (8xx

Socket Type Number of Processors

**Accelerated Processing Unit based CPUs incorporate CPU with GPU

A virtual platform requires at least three components :

There are two main classes of hypervisor :

• A Type I (or "bare metal") hypervisor is installed directly on the

• A Type II hypervisor runs as a software application within a host

■ Guest operating systems (or Virtual Machines [VM])—operating systems

The resource requirements for virtualization will depend on what

• 184-pin DDR 1 GB per Module

• 240-pin DDR2 4 GB per Module

• 240-pin DDR3 8 GB per Module

• 288-pin DDR4 16GB per Module

• Serial Port IEEE 1394 FireWire 400 & 800 – 4, 6, 9 pins

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