Reporter: Date: June 6-7 2022

Cairoden,Mafidah M. Instructor : Ma’am Asimah G. Abdulsalam

Bantuas ,Hanifah B.
THE CHALLENGES OF PLURALISM AND FUNDAMENTALISM THE SEARCH FOR UNIVERSAL VALUES

a. GLOBALIZATION AND PLURALISM NEW CHALLENGES TO ETHICS

Globalization

 Globalization is said to have begum after World War II but has accelerated since the mid-1980s, driven by
two factors.
 According to Mariano, globalization can be defined as "the continuing world-wide economic integration,
recently facilitated by emerging information technologies, that has also affected the environment, culture, and
politics of different groups of people" (Mariano, 2016). Today, there are all variety of technological and other
advancements that enable cultures from all over the world to collaborate and be closer to one another. Though
there are surely benefits of globalization, one must also look into the ethical challenges that it brings to the
society and to everyone.
 Advances in technology such as mobile phones airplanes telephones and internet have made the growth of
transport and communication network possible this means peoples and other countries exchange information
and goods more quickly and in a less complicated way so this process is called globalization.

Some Problems with Globalization

Author Gail Tverberg enumerates some reason why globalization is, in fact, our very major problem today.

a. Globalization acts to increase world oil prices.

b. Globalization transfers consumption of limited oil supply from developed countries to developing countries.
c. Globalization transfers jobs from developed countries to less developed countries.
d. Globalization transfers investment spending from developed countries to less developed countries.
e. Globalization sets up a currency “race to the bottom,” with each country trying to get an export advantage by
dropping the value of its currency.

Ethical Challenges of Globalization

One criticism against the presently unfolding neoliberal globalization is that it concentrates wealth in the hands of a few, leaving the
majority in the condition of poverty

Another problem with globalization is that states are in effect increasingly losing their sovereignty. Elected indigenous leaders cede
their prerogative over economic management to unelected officials of international organizations.

It note worthy that globalization in general did not only change human life style but more importantly our value system as
international trade and cultural exchange became swifter. Ethical and moral norms were modified and reshaped to fit the need of the ti.

Industrial capitalism, an essential partner of globalization, is chiefly responsible for the damage of the ozone layer and the escalation
of global warming, two major environmental problems today. .

SEARCH FOR UNIVERSAL VALUES

Global ethics is a set of universally accepted principles that could provide the foundation for regulating global interactions.

A set of shared ethical values and standards is central for the cohesion of society and for global justice and peace. Developing
universally acceptable principles for administering transnational interactions is possible through the process of intercultural dialogue.
 Pluralism

 Refers to the state of having more than one of any things.

Suggests the coexistence of many things, such as nations, groups, opinions, principles, beliefs, and ways of
life.
 At the core of the principle of "pluralism" is the idea of "respect for diversity"
 Moral Pluralism is the idea that there are varying ethical principles and theories and that they conflict with
each other, yet each of them is worthy of respect. A Moral Pluralist tends to: be open minded when faced with
competing ethical views and moral principles.
 Example: A woman has the opportunity to rush inside a building on fire and save the children trapped. But in
doing this she may die, and leave her own child an orphan.
 Moral pluralism occupies a middle ground between “there is only one right answer” as moral absolutists say,
and “there is no wrong answer” as moral relativists claim.
Evaluation of Moral Pluralism
It gives us no moral standard, and offers us no moral power. It leaves us either concluding that
There is no real solution to ethical dilemmas or All possible answers are acceptable as long as they have underlying
fundamental values.

b. CHALLENGES OF FILLINNIALS
 The Center for Generational Kinetics mentions five generations that presently make up our society:

- Gen Z, iGen or Centennials: Born 1996 and later - Baby Boomers: Born 1946 to 1964
- Millennials, Generation Y or Net Generation: - Traditionalists or Silent Generation: Born 1945
Born 1977 to 1995 and before
- Generation X: Born 1965 to 1976

 According to Gallinero, the Generation Y, or the Millennials, who were born from 1981 to 2000, are also
called the "digital natives". They grew up on the digital natives or the internet era. On the other hand, the
Generation Z are those who were born in 2001 to present. This generation is the era of mobile technologies
such as smartphones, tablets, iPad, etc. (Gallinero, 2018).
 Fillinial (Filipino millennials)
 Filinnials describe as the “selfie” generation and followers of social media dependent. They
are massive multi-taskers, and are constantly connected to theie handheld devices.
 As cited from 2016 study, there are things that the Filinnials care more about than their
millennial counterparts from other countries. Some of these are:1) 83% of Filipino youths
rely heavily on their parents for advice, 2) on adulthood, Filinnials value close family
relationships, 3) Filinnials are more active in social media and are more easily influenced by
peers, etc. (Gallinero, 2018).

Challenges of fillinial
 Open minded
 Thinking of out the box
 Takes on the internet to express
their sentiment
 Loves freedom
 Interested in cares about what is happening on their
community
 c. THE RELIGIOUS RESPONSE: THE ROLE OF RELIGION IN ETHICS

 Religious ethics concerns beliefs and practices of what is good or bad, right or wrong, virtuous or vicious, from a
religious point of view. For some, the religious response is what is really needed concerning the challenges posed
by globalization and other contemporary issues.

 RELIGION AND ETHICS

Practically, ethics may be defined as a system of moral principles which affect hoe people make decisions and lead their
lives. Ethics is concerned with what is good and right for persons and society.
On the other hand, religion is defined as people’s beliefs and opinions concerning the existence, nature, and worship of a
deity or deities, and divine involvement in the universe and human life. The term “religion” is sometimes used
interchangeably with “faith”, “creed”, “belief system”, or “conviction”.
Some submit that the difference between religion and ethics is about the disparity between revelation and reason. In some
measure, religion is based on the idea that God (or some deity) reveals insights about life and its meaning.
From a strictly humanistic perspective, ethics, on the other hand, is based on the tenets of reason. This definition of
ethics, however, does not necessarily exclude religion or a belief in God. It is also common belief that human reason,
designed also for ethical discernment, is a gift from a supernatural God. Indeed, many ethicists emphasize the relationship,
not the difference, between ethics and religion.

 RELIGION’S ROLE IN ETHICS

Many ethicists believe that religion is necessary for the continued survival of morality as an integral part of human life,
especially in a globalized world. University of Tennessee, Knoxville Philosophy professor Glenn C. Graber calls this
apologetic claim the cut-flower thesis which consists of a hypothetical judgement that, “Morality cannot survive, in the
long run, if its ties to religion are cut.”
In 1894, Russian writer Leo Tolstoy made an early statement of the cut-flower thesis when he wrote: “Without religion
there can be no real, sincere morality, just as without roots there can be no real flower.”
Support for the claim that the decline of morality in this globalized era can be identified with the exorbitant secularization
of many things can be found both among religionists and secularists.

ASSESSMENT:

1. BASE ON YOUR UDERSTANDING WHAT IS RELIGION AND ETHICS

2. AS A FFILLINIALS WHAT IS YOUR CHALLENGES IN A SOCEITY?
3. WHAT IS MORAL PLURAISM AND MORAL RELATIVISM?