AMERICAN COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

Department of Business Administration

Course: Management Theory and practice (MBA611)
Individual Assignment
Title: Assignment 1
Instructor’s Name Dr Temesgen Dagne

Submitted to: American College of Technonolgy

Student Name Teketel Tarekegn Ambaye
Student ID 277-21A

January, 2022
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Executive summary

Management is an essential aspect within the economic life of the human beings,
which is an organised group activity. It is considered as the essential institution in the modern
social organization, noticeable by scientific thought and technical innovations and methods.
One or the other form of management is fundamental, wherever human efforts are to be
carried out co-operatively to satisfy the needs through some productive activity, occupation
or profession. It is the management that regulates the productive activities of the individuals
through the co-ordinated use of resources and materials. In order to manage any task,
function or an activity within the organization, it is essential to understand the managerial
functions of planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling. There are numerous
organizations and to ensure that they are advancing towards welfare, productivity and
profitability, and to satisfy the needs and requirements of the individuals, the managerial
functions should be implemented effectually. South water work construction enterprise is
government organization establish for profit. Adapting of the five management functions is
evaluated closely by observation of the organization by presenting physically and examining
the organization different work documents. From the I could see that the enterprise is
implementing of the five management functions even if it is not in a perfect way.

1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE ORGANIZATION

The south water works construction enterprise (SWWCE) was established in 1995 G.C by the
Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples regional council with the aim of minimizing the
market gap and alleviating potable water supply problems of the region.
In 2005G.C, the regional government has given the enterprise the mandate to construct
irrigation development projects to mitigate food security problems of the region.
The enterprise has been carrying out enormous projects to improve the supply of potable
water and irrigation development projects throughout the region. Its vision is to be
Competent, trustworthy and profitable enterprise in the area of water works in the country.
It has a mission that says ‘Construct water supply and irrigation projects as per the standards
set by the client with fair price and hand over it to them on time by way of strengthening and
build up our construction management and capacity by using modern technology.’
The objective of the organization is, by taking the leading role in water works construction
sector in the country, to construct water resource infrastructure and related activities to make
the enterprise profitable & empower the community to use them.
Major duties and responsibility of the organization are n
 Water well Drilling and Rehabilitation
 Water Supply Construction
 Construction of different scale Irrigation development projects
 Hydro-Power construction
 Electro Mechanical works
 Re-habilitation of water supply and Irrigation Schemes
 Construction of water reservoir s
 Installation of pumps and Generators
 Rental Service of construction machineries and Trucks
 Sales of different level grained gravel
 Consultancy Service
This company has 547 employees, out of it 44 employees are foreign employee and the rest
of employees are local employees

1.2. Overview of management five functions

Management has been described as a social process involving responsibility for

economical and effective planning & regulation of operation of an enterprise in the
fulfillment of given purposes. It is a dynamic process consisting of various elements and
activities. These activities are different from operative functions like marketing, finance,
purchase etc. Rather these activities are common to each and every manger irrespective of his
level or status.

Different experts have classified functions of management. According to George & Jerry,
“There are four fundamental functions of management i.e. planning, organizing, actuating
and controlling”.

According to Henry Fayol, “To manage is to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, &
to control”. Whereas Luther Gullick has given a keyword ’POSDCORB’ where P stands for
Planning, O for Organizing, S for Staffing, D for Directing, Co for Co-ordination, R for
reporting & B for Budgeting. But the most widely accepted are functions of management
given by KOONTZ and O’DONNEL
i.e. Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing and Controlling.

For theoretical purposes, it may be convenient to separate the function of management but
practically these functions are overlapping in nature i.e. they are highly inseparable. Each
function blends into the other & each affects the performance of others,

1.3. Planning
Planning is the most important and the most prevalent of all management functions.
This function bridges the gap between where we are and where we want to be in future. The
tasks and functions that are required to bridge this gap is referred to as planning. If people
working in groups have to perform effectually, they should know in advance what is to be
done, what activities they have to perform in order to do what is to be done, and when it is to
be done. Planning is concerned with what, how, and when of performance. It is determining
in the present about the future objectives and the courses of action for their achievement. It
involves determination of the long and short range objectives; development of strategies and
courses of action to be followed for the achievement of these objectives and formulation of
policies, plans and rules for the implementation of strategies and procedures (Pal, n.d.).
The organizational objectives are established by the top management within the
framework of its basic purpose and mission, environmental factors, business forecasts, and
available and potential resources. These objectives are both long term as well as short term.
They are divided into divisional, departmental, sectional and individual objectives or goals.
This is followed by the development of strategies and courses of action to be followed at
various levels of management and in various segments of the organization. Policies,
procedures and rules make provision of the framework of decision making, and the method
and order for the making and implementation of these decisions. Every manager performs all
these planning functions, or contributes to their operation. In some organizations, particularly
those which are traditionally managed and are small, planning is done, but not in a systematic
way. The plans may be within the minds of the managers rather than unambiguously and
precisely stated, they may be vague but are always present. Planning is the most basic
function of management. It is performed in all kinds of organizations by the managers at all
levels in the hierarchy (Pal, n.d.).
Planning ensures that work is implemented effectively and efficiently or leads to
improvements in the performance of the individuals. It causes a reduction in procrastination,
ensures continuity and provides for the intelligent use of resources. It improves the chances
of the individuals in carrying out tasks and resulting in satisfaction of having everything
under control and being aware of what will be the next step. Planning is proactive and
decreases the need to manage from various crisis situations. It is a prerequisite for all the
necessary managerial functions, including teaching and mentoring, preparing for and
organising committee and staff meetings, carry out performance appraisal discussions,
employment interviews, preparation of budgets and numerous other factors. In case of
occurrence of losses, due to natural calamities and disasters, planning of activities is
considered essential. The individuals, who are carrying out the functions of planning need to
make sure that there are not any barriers and impediments within the course of carrying out of
job duties (Chapter 3, 2013).
Plans are classified into seven types, strategic, tactical, organizational, physical,
functional, operational and financial. Strategic plans are made for achieving long term goals
and living up to the expectations, expressed in the statement of mission and values. Tactical
plans translate wide-ranging strategies into precise objectives and action plans.
Organizational plans begin with the table of organizations. They include position
descriptions, staffing and channels of communication. Physical plans are regarding the
typography, site of the building, layout of the office, or the location of diagnostic or the
therapeutic equipment. Functional plans are concerned with the workings of major functional
units, such as, nursing service, clinical laboratory, human resources department, financial and
clinical services and others. Operational plans are concerned with the systems, work
processes, procedures, methods, quality control, safety and other supportive activities.
Financial plans assist in the inflow and outflow of money, preparation of budgets, profit and
loss, cost and profit centres, charges and salaries. Career planning, time management and
daily work planning are also the forms of planning (Chapter 3, 2013).
The key elements of planning are vision, mission, goals, objectives, strategy and
action. An organization’s vision statement should be clear, stimulating and should create a
wide scope for the pursuit of new opportunities. The vision of top management in the
hierarchy should be wide ranging, so that the vision of subordinates fits within it. An
effective mission statement must be expressed clearly in a single and brief paragraph and in a
language that everyone can understand. When workers participate actively in the organization
of mission statements, then they are able to understand what the purpose of the organization
is and what their work is all about. Goals are featured by specific ends or conclusions. Most
of the employees prefer activities leading to conclusions. The workforce usually prefer to
work on projects, because they have clear objectives rather than getting involved in routine
work. The characteristics of the goals should be scrutinized by the individuals, they should be
realistic, understandable, measurable, behavioural, achievable and specific (Chapter 3, 2013).
Objectives should be formulated in a precise manner, so that the employers and the
employees are well acquainted and they also dedicate their work duties in an appropriate
manner towards their achievement. The main purpose of job duties and all the tasks and
operations, carried out within the organization should be devoted towards the achievement of
the desired outcome. In the performance of various jobs and functions within the
organization, it is important for the individuals to understand the strategies and the
approaches. The reason being, when a particular service or a product is promoted, there are
certain procedures that need to be put into operation. It is vital to encourage all employees at
all levels to participate in the planning and execution of new and improved services and in
solving customer problems. Promoting customer satisfaction is one of the goals of the
organization that is of utmost significance and in production and service organizations, this is
considered as the primary objective (Chapter 3, 2013).
The first function of management for the evaluation is planning as a strategic tool for
organizational effectiveness in relation to south water work construction. The evaluation in
this area assessed that the organization has undertaken planning and the extent to which
planning was undertaken. Result from my finding by referring the past and present
documents shows that the organization has almost undertaken planning. From my
observation the management has established objectives of what needs to be achieved and
when for the organization, Management had developed specific procedures that support the
tactical plans, Management had designed and developed a relatively concrete and specific
procedure to implement the strategic plan, Management analyse competitive opportunities
and threats, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the organization, and then determining
how to position the organization to compete effectively in their environment, Management
constantly evaluate the success of its plans and take corrective action when necessary,
Management as aware of environmental conditions facing my organization and forecast
future conditions , management formulates necessary steps and ensured effective
implementation of plans . Finally, we can see from documents found in the organization
management identify alternative courses of action for achieving objectives. This implied that
planning generally influences organizational effectiveness of South water work enterprise,
especially with regard to achieving organization objectives. Likewise, Heugens (2013)
concluded that the implementation of planning activities by firms that were exposed to
societal or political predicaments significantly and positively impacted organizational
outcome variables.
1.4. Organizing
Organizing involves identification of the activities, required for the achievement of
the objectives of the enterprise and implementation of plans, grouping of activities into jobs,
assignment of jobs and activities into the departments of the individuals, delegation of
responsibility and authority for performance and provision of vertical and horizontal co-
ordination of activities. There are number of departments within the organization and every
department has a manager, who has to decide on how to put into practice the activities that
are needed to achieve the desired objectives. Grouping of identical and similar activities is
required to make jobs, assign jobs or groups of activities to his subordinates, delegate
authority to them, so as to enable them to make decisions and initiate action for undertaking
these activities, and provide co-ordination between himself and his subordinates and amongst
other subordinates. When grouping of identical and similar activities is done, then it is
beneficial in minimizing the tasks and making them less time consuming (Pal, n.d.).
Organizing involves certain functions, identification of activities, required for the
achievement of objectives and implementation of plans. Grouping of activities is important,
so as to create a self-reliant job. Delegation of authority, so as to enable them to perform their
jobs and to have control on the use of resources. It is vital to work together within the
organization with the feelings of co-ordination, and the activities of the individuals should be
synchronized. Organizing process results in the creation of an accurate structure within the
organization. It encompasses organizational positions, associated tasks and responsibilities,
and a network of roles and authority responsibility relationships. Organizing is the basic
procedure of linking and incorporating human, physical and financial resources in productive
interrelationships for the accomplishment of enterprise objectives. It aims at uniting
employees and consistent tasks in an orderly manner, so that organizational work is
performed in a co-ordinated manner, and all efforts and activities are pull together in the
course of organizational goals (Pal, n.d.).
Organizing is a comprehensive term, which includes numerous functions, such as,
working out the job duties, activities, tasks, presentations, meetings, making use of
technology and other innovative methods and ideas and so forth. It is the process of gearing
up to implement decisions that result from the planning process. In other words, it is the
establishment of the structure, when the work gets done. It involves delineating of the tasks
and establishing a framework of authority and responsibility for the people, who are engaged
in the performance of the tasks, that is formation of the composition. In addition it involves,
analysis of the job duties, distributing it amongst the employees and co-ordination of the
activities, so that work is carried out smoothly. Supervisors and leaders are the ones, who
perform the function of organizing. This function is performed in an adequate manner,
making use of the power and authority that has been assigned to them. Essential organizing
tools include, policies, procedures, work rules, position descriptions, and the important
activities of assigning and delegating (Chapter 3, 2013).
Organizational cultures encompass the values and reflect on the values that guide the
organization in the performance of the daily activities. All the members of the organization
are dedicated towards pursuance of the goals and objectives. This function means bringing
people together and dedicating them towards the pursuance of the common goals and
objectives. Enumeration of activities, classification of activities, fitting individuals into
appropriate positions and functions, and assignment of authority for taking action
(Thenmozhi, n.d.), are also required to be considered as fundamental. As the work progresses
across the boundaries of the departments, inevitable differences in the values have an effect
on what is done and how and when tasks are carried out. When individuals violate the rules
and norms, or when they get engaged into any form of conflicting situations, then it is vital to
formulate rules to maintain discipline within the organization. As any form of conflicts and
disputes prove to be impediments within the course of implementation of the organizing
function. Supervisors require authority to exercise this function. On the other hand,
subordinates are required to listen to their managers and supervisors to make sure, resources
are made use of in an appropriate manner, job duties are carried out productively, mutual
understanding is developed amongst the individuals and conflicts and disputes are resolved.
The second function of the study of is to evaluate organizing as a strategic tool for
organizational effectiveness in relation to south water construction enterprise. The
examination on adoption of organizing as well as the level of practice in their organization
was done. Based on the findings management establishes the manner in which the duties
should be carried out. The management decides how best to cluster, jobs into departments to
coordinate effort effectively. The management designes jobs based on the principle of
teamwork and has departmentalized the organization by function. The management designes
jobs based on the principle of job enrichment. The management attempted to strike a balance
between the need for worker specialization and the need for workers to have jobs that entail
variety and autonomy. The management designed individual jobs within the organization.
The management has organized job to most effectively use human resources. The
management designes jobs based on the principle of empowerment. The management has
departmentalized the organization by product.

1.5. Staffing
Staffing is a continuous and an important function of management. After the
objectives have been determined, strategies, approaches, policies, programmes, procedures
and rules have been formulated for their achievement, activities for the implementation of
strategies, policies, programmes, etc. have been identified and grouped into jobs, the next
reasonable step in the management process is to acquire appropriate personnel for manning
the jobs. Since the efficacy, competence and well-being of an organization significantly
depends upon the quality of its personnel. The human resources are stated to be an integral
part of the organization and they are the ones, who work towards tasks and operations. Since,
it is one of the primary functions of management to accomplish skilled and trained people to
fill in various positions. Staffing has been acknowledged as a distinct function of
management, as achievement of goals and objectives would be possible, when the human
resources put in their skills and abilities. This point hardly needs any emphasis that there is
not any organization that is better than its human resources. If an organization performs its
functions well and customers are satisfied with the products and services, then credit is paid
to the human resources (Pal, n.d.).
Manpower planning involves determination of the number and the kind of personnel
that is required. The recruitment of individuals is done on the basis of number of factors,
these are the job duties, functions, and other aspects of the organization. On the part of
human resources, their educational qualifications, skills, abilities, experience and so forth are
taken into consideration. Recruitment is done to seek adequate number of employees to
acquire jobs within the enterprise. The working environmental conditions and pay and
reimbursements are taken into consideration to recruit the employees. The strategies,
approaches, policies and programs are formulated in a manner so that employees generate
interest and enthusiasm and are able to perform their job duties well. There are numerous
kinds of jobs within the organization and the primary requirements for recruitment of the
individuals for these positions is done on the basis of their qualifications and skills. The
employers need to ensure that right individuals are recruited in the right positions (Pal, n.d.).
Besides the recruitment of the employees in the right positions at the right time, it is
vital to look into other factors with respect to personnel, these are, placement, induction,
orientation, transfers, promotion, termination and layoffs. Training and orientation are the
aspects that make the individuals familiar with the organization, its goals and work duties.
They generate awareness regarding the goals and objectives, departments, organizational
culture, personnel, work duties and other imperative areas. The individuals may possess some
experience regarding the performance of the work duties, but appropriate training should be
organized to make the individuals well aware of the organizational structure and work duties.
When employees are engaged in the performance of same work duties, the jobs tend to get
monotonous, hence, job rotation is also an imperative aspect to develop knowledge and
information amongst the employees and to stimulate them towards their work duties.
Promotion in job is what all the employees desire. This aspect takes place within the
organization, when the employees depict competency, expertise, professionalism, diligence,
and conscientiousness in the performance of their job duties. Besides these, it is vital for the
employees to have effective communication skills and show reverence to other individuals
(Pal, n.d.).
Termination is something that is undesirable, but there have been instances, when
employees get terminated from their jobs due to several reasons. Communicating in an
ineffective manner, not paying attention to the superiors, unable to get along with other
individuals, showing disregard, getting involved into conflicts and disputes on a frequent
basis, indiscipline, having a high rate of absenteeism, unable to perform the job duties in an
adequate manner, not acquiring efficient understanding of one’ jobs and functions, unable to
maintain proper timings, not having good terms and relationships with the superiors,
colleagues and subordinates and not performing one’s job duties with diligence and
enthusiasm. There have been various instances within the organization that lead to layoffs of
employees or hiring freeze. These may be scarcity of materials, financial resources,
infrastructure, other facilities, lack of other personnel, such as supervisors, trainers, managers
etc. or if the organization has incurred losses due to the occurrence of disasters. The primary
reason for laying off employees, is scarcity of financial resources, when there will not be
sufficient funds to pay their salaries, they will be laid off from work. As every employee
wants, he should get paid on time for the hard work that he is putting in (Pal, n.d.).
Training and development of the employees is stated as an imperative feature of the
organization that is of utmost significance. As it has been stated above, the significance of
this feature contributes in the enhancement of knowledge, information, skills and abilities
amongst the employees, so that they are able to effectively utilize them in the performance of
their job duties. There are various methods of training that have been used, these are, role
play, vestibule training, lectures, case studies and so forth. Different training methods are
made use of, depending upon the situations and the areas (Pal, n.d.). When employees are
recruited within the organization, this is done on the basis of interview or written tests or
both. Training is the first and the foremost function that has different time durations in
different organizations. All employees are required to undergo a training program, before
they get engaged in the performance of work duties. It is important for the trainers to possess
efficient knowledge and make use of proper methods and techniques.
The staffing process begins with the human resources planning, recruitment,
personnel selection and orientation of new employees. The other functions that continue to
exist are, training, career development, control, and performance appraisal methods. Staffing
in usually avoided with the individuals, who are over-qualified. It is vital for the individuals
to possess qualifications and skills that are needed for the effective implementation of job
duties and to remain in the position even for a long term period. Over-qualified individuals do
not remain in their positions for a long term and then employers need to face the problem to
fill in the positions with suitable human resources. The morale of the human resources get
enhanced, when they are adjustable to the working hours. In most cases, timings are regarded
as challenging and demanding for the individuals, hence, work timings that are suitable for
the employees are considered important in retaining them as well as in leading to job
satisfaction (Chapter 3, 2013).
The third function of the study was to assess staffing for south water work enterprise. The
enterprise was examined for the adoption of staffing as well as the level of practice in their
organization. The enterprise has adopted staffing. As per the findings, The management
observes performance and gives feedback and other forms of guidance and management
screens job candidates (interviewing, testing). The management recruit staff based on the
knowledge, skills and abilities that are needed for specified roles, jobs and tasks. The
management equippe new hires via orienting, training, facilities, assignments. Not Regular
performance appraisals/reviews are conducted by the management. The management
recruited the necessary human resources by sourcing and placing. That organizing influenced
organizational effectiveness of SMEs in Kenya particularly with regard to establishing the
manner in organization duties should be carried out.
1.6. Directing
Directing is a function of leading the employees to perform efficiently and
productively. The main purpose of this function is to make sure the measures that are
formulated to achieve the desired and goals and objectives are moving in the right direction.
The workforce should have the main aim of dedicating their efforts towards the pursuance of
goals and objectives. The subordinates that are recruited, may or may not have some
experience, they need to be adequately explained about their job duties. It is the job duty of
the supervisors to guide them, train them and solve their problems. It is important for all the
members of the organization to work with interest and enthusiasm (Pal, n.d.). These factors
would not only lead to the achievement of the desired goals, but individuals are able to
generate job satisfaction. The feelings of job satisfaction amongst the individuals are
considered vital to retain them in their jobs.
The function of directing involves four sub-functions, these are, supervising
communication, motivation and leadership. Communication within the organization takes
place in two forms, oral communication, which is through face to face conversation,
telephone etc. Written communication, takes place in any written form, it is in the form of
emails, messaging, letters, articles, documents, pamphlets, notices etc. Communication is
regarded as an integral part for any task or function to get carried out. This takes place
amongst the individuals at all the levels of the hierarchy. When superiors need to give
instructions to their subordinates, in the case of organization of meetings etc. various forms of
communication are put into practice. Motivation is stated as the way of inspiring and
stimulating the employees towards their work. There are various methods through which
motivation of employees takes place, these are incentives, bonuses, increase in pay, leaves,
etc. This is considered an important aspect in all organizations, when the top most
management feels that productivity is low and the organization is not performing well. Then
employees are communicated about this problem and measures need to get implemented to
inspire them to perform their tasks in an appropriate manner.
Leadership is an important function, which primarily is carried out by the managers,
supervisors and other superiors. There are number of functions that are performed by the
leaders, these are, making effective decisions, making sure resources are allocated in an
appropriate manner, ensuring adequacy of the working environmental conditions, listening to
the grievances of the employees, providing conflict resolution methods, ensuring job duties
are carried out in an adequate manner and employees are dedicated towards achievement of
targets and objectives. When recruitment of employees take place within the organization,
they may be beginners, or may possess less experience or more experience. Upon
recruitment, training is the first and the foremost function that takes place. In this case,
employees are provided information about the organization, departments, goals and
objectives, individuals, work duties, resources, and how to perform their job duties to meet
the goals and objectives of the organization. In training, major emphasis is put upon directing
the employees towards performance of their job duties in an adequate manner.
Within the organization, there are number of problems that are experienced by the
employees that prove to be impediments within the course of performance of their job duties.
The problems may be related to the working environmental conditions, infrastructure,
resources, materials, terms and conditions with the superiors, colleagues or subordinates and
so forth. In making provision of solutions to the problems, individuals need proper direction
from their managers, supervisors or leaders. In order to solve all kinds of problems within the
workplace and perform one’s job duties in an adequate manner, it is necessary to establish
appropriate terms and relationships with the other individuals. Effective communication and
having good terms, conditions, and an amiable working environmental conditions lead to
efficient directing of the employees. When employees are working on a project or an
assignment, then direction is needed from their supervisors. Lack of appropriate direction,
may result in flaws and inconsistencies. The individuals, who possess certain authority and
power within the organization also need to get trained in an appropriate manner, so that they
are able to render their job duties in an effective manner.
The occurrence of problems are an integral part of any organization. For instance,
when the organization is engaged in production and manufacturing processes and they are not
able to satisfy the needs and requirements of the customers in an adequate manner, then the
function of directing needs to get improved. Whether this function is being carried out within
the organization in a proper manner, is analysed in accordance to the job duties of the
individuals. For the efficient implementation of this function, it is important for the
employees to listen and obey their supervisors. In higher educational institutions or even at
the workplace, there have been instances, when individuals, find the job difficult and do not
pay adequate attention to what their supervisors are telling them. In such cases, the function
of directing faces a setback. Therefore, for the effective implementation of this function, it is
important to ensure, there is mutual understanding between the members of the organization
and strategies and methods are understandable.
The fourth function that to research on the south water organization was directing function. I
have tested if the directing functions elements are implemented properly within the
enterprise, the enterprise uses almost elements of directing function. The enterprise conduct
supervising activities by lower level managers. The management rewards the employee who
perform well and contributes a lot to the organization’s achievement as motivation.
Leadership element is being practiced in the enterprise in autocratic way. Most mangers in
the enterprise are autocrat. Communication within the enterprise takes place the forms, oral
communication, which is through face to face conversation, telephone etc; and Written
communication, takes place in any written form, it is in the form of emails, messaging,
letters, articles, documents, pamphlets, notices etc.

1.7. Controlling
Controlling is the function of ensuring that the divisional, departmental, sectional and
individual performances are reliable and in accordance with the determined objectives and
goals. Deviations from the objectives and plans have to be recognized and scrutinized, and
corrective action should be taken. Deviations from plans and objectives provide feedback to
the managers, and all other management processes including planning, organizing, staffing,
directing and co-ordinating. These need to be continuously revised and modified, where
necessary. Controlling implies that objectives, targets and goals of performance exist and are
known to the employees and their superiors. It also implies a flexible and dynamic
organization, which will permit changes in objectives, plans, programmes, strategies,
policies, standards, organizational culture, organizational design, staffing principles and
practices, leadership style, communication system, and so forth. It is not uncommon that
failure on the part of the employees to achieve predetermined standards is due to
imperfections in any one or more of the above dimensions of management (Pal, n.d.).
There are three important areas that need to be identified in the case of controlling,
these are, firstly, measurement of the performance against the predetermined goals. The
performance of the employees towards the achievement of goals and objectives is measured
via various methods and strategies. Hence, it is stated that performance appraisal systems are
important, which may assist in identification of shortcomings and providing solutions.
Secondly, identification of deviations from these goals, in some cases, employees are not
completely aware of what their objective and goals are, their main purpose is just to earn their
living and are not completely aware of organizational goals. Lack of awareness, results in
deviations from the goals, hence, effective implementation of the controlling function make
provision of solutions to this problem. Thirdly, corrective action to rectify the deviations, in
order to eliminate any problems, difficulties, conflicts and confusion, it is important to take
corrective actions and provide remedies to the problems (Pal, n.d.).
The simple understanding of the term controlling is referred to as follow-up and
correction. Controlling is referred to as an imperative managerial function, the reason being,
working environmental conditions, undergo continuous changes, based on internal and
external environmental conditions. It is vital to bring about changes and transformations in all
the activities and functions of the organization. The policies, strategies, approaches that are
utilized in the present, may not be applicable in future (Chapter 3, 2013). It is essential for the
progress of the organization to bring about changes from time to time. The function of
controlling is regarded as imperative with the utilization of resources in the production and
manufacturing processes. The use of materials and resources should be done in an appropriate
manner, excessive usage should be avoided and care should be taken that they are sufficiently
available. As scarcity of resources is an impediment within the course of achievement of the
desired goals and objectives.
The individuals within the organization should understand that planning by its very
nature is an uncertain process. There may be occurrence of doubts and unexpected situations,
for instance, the top management of the organization has planned, what it will be doing in the
long term period, but after the plan has been processed, there is an occurrence of an
unexpected situation, then the plan will suffer a setback. In case plans formulated have not
been put into operation, then there should always be alternative strategies and options
available. Individuals who are involved in the planning process are not aware of the fact that
their plans will be effectively implemented. Therefore, controlling and monitoring of the
plans is an essential area to ensure that it is implemented in different ways, based on the
situations (Chapter 3, 2013). Controlling is primarily referred to the process of laying
standards, comparing actuals and correcting deviation-achieve objectives in accordance to the
plans (Thenmozhi, n.d.).
In organizations, there are existence of situations that may lead to anxiety, pressure, or
conflicts amongst the individuals. When these factors assume a major form, it may have
detrimental effects, the terms and relationships between the individuals get hampered,
individuals may encounter problems in the achievement of goals and objectives and they may
not incur job satisfaction. Therefore, it is essential for them to recognise their goals and
objectives, implement the function of time management, work diligently and resourcefully,
maintain a low rate of absenteeism, take leave from work, whenever it is essential,
communicate effectively with the other members of the organization, establish good terms
and conditions, utilize resources and materials efficiently, ensure that resources are not
scarce, follow the rules and policies, make sure that they do not over-work themselves and
job duties need to be organized in an efficient manner.
The fifth and last function of the study was to explore controlling as a strategic tool for
organizational effectiveness in relation South water work enterprise. The findings reveals that
the enterprise has adopted controlling as a strategic tool.
1.8. Conclusion
In this research paper, there are five managerial functions that are taken into account.
Planning is mainly with regards to the implementation of policies, rules and procedures that
are required for achieving goals and objectives. Organizing involves identification of the
activities, plans and procedures. In this case, it is vital for the individuals to recognize their
responsibilities and the tasks that they have to perform. Directing is the process of leading,
guiding and focusing towards the right direction. Employees should possess adequate
knowledge of their job duties as well as other departments of the organization. Staffing is the
process of recruitment of the individuals, they are recruited in positions, in accordance to
their qualifications, skills and abilities.
Co-ordination is a managerial function that applies to a number of areas, workforce,
activities, tasks, functions, resources and so forth. Proper co-ordination of activities is
required to prevent losses and unfavourable effects. Controlling is the function that ensures
that all the performances and activities are carried out in accordance with the predetermined
goals and objectives. It is fundamental for the management to obtain adequate knowledge and
awareness of these managerial functions, so that one is able to incur job satisfaction and
progress towards achievement of the desired goals and objectives.
From my research of the organization, these management functions are in use in spite there
are shortcomings.
1.9. Recommendation
Implementing management function in the organization is not optional but it is indispensable
in bringing the organization in right track towards the organization’s goal. I recommend that
any organization to be fruitful, must apply all the functions without missing one.
References

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Pal, K. (n.d.). Introduction to Management. Retrieved September 6, 2017 from

http://www.ddegjust.ac.in/studymaterial/mcom/mc-101.pdf

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