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3877 Full-Stack, Coding & System Design Interview Questions

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34 Go Interview Questions
(SOLVED and ANSWERED) To
Crack Before Next Interview
  Golang  49  

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Go hits the very sweet spot of performance and speedy development.
It takes some elements from dynamic languages like Python and
couples them with static typing at compile time. And according
ZipRecruiter Golang Developer Annual Salary in US is $125,851.

Your new development


career awaits. Check out
the latest listings.

ADS VIA CARBON

Entry     Golang  49  
Q1: What is Go?

Answer
Go is a general-purpose language designed with systems programming in mind. It was initially developed
at Google in year 2007 by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson. It is strongly and statically
typed, provides inbuilt support for garbage collection and supports concurrent programming. Programs are
constructed using packages, for efficient management of dependencies. Go programming implementations
use a traditional compile and link model to generate executable binaries.

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Source: tutorialspoint.com

Junior     Golang  49  
Q2: Can you return multiple values
from a function?
Answer
A Go function can return multiple values.

Consider:

package main

import "fmt"

func swap(x, y string) (string, string) {

return y, x

func main() {

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a, b := swap("Mahesh"
   , "Kumar"
    )

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fmt.Println(a, b)

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}
 

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Junior     Golang  49  
Q3: Does Go have exceptions?
Answer
No, Go takes a different approach. For plain error handling, Go's multi-value returns make it easy to
report an error without overloading the return value. Go code uses error values to indicate an abnormal
state.

Consider:

func Open(name string) (file *File, err error)

f, err := os.Open("filename.ext")

if err != nil {

log.Fatal(err)

// do something with the open *File f

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Junior     Golang  49  
Q4: Explain this code
Problem
In Go there are various ways to return a struct value or slice thereof. Could you explain the difference?

type MyStruct struct {

Val int

func myfunc() MyStruct {

return MyStruct{Val: 1}

func myfunc() *MyStruct {

return &MyStruct{}

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func myfunc(s *MyStruct) {

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s.Val = 1

Answer
Shortly:

the first returns a copy of the struct,


the second a pointer to the struct value created within the function,
the third expects an existing struct to be passed in and overrides the value.

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Source: stackoverflow.com

Junior     Golang  49  
Q5: How to efficiently concatenate
strings in Go?
Problem
In Go, a string is a primitive type, which means it is read-only, and every manipulation of it will create a
new string.

So if I want to concatenate strings many times without knowing the length of the resulting string, what's the
best way to do it?

Answer
Beginning with Go 1.10 there is a strings.Builder . A Builder is used to efficiently build a string using
Write methods. It minimizes memory copying. The zero value is ready to use.

package main

import (

"strings"

"fmt"

func main() {

var str strings.Builder

for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {

str.WriteString("a")

fmt.Println(str.String())

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Junior     Golang  49  
Q6: What are Goroutines?
Answer
Goroutines are functions or methods that run concurrently with other functions or methods. Goroutines
can be thought of as light weight threads. The cost of creating a Goroutine is tiny when compared to a
thread. Its common for Go applications to have thousands of Goroutines running concurrently.

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Source: golangbot.com

Junior     Golang  49  
Q7: What are some advantages of
using Go?
Answer
Go is an attempt to introduce a new, concurrent, garbage-collected language with fast compilation and the
following benefits:

It is possible to compile a large Go program in a few seconds on a single computer.


Go provides a model for software construction that makes dependency analysis easy and avoids
much of the overhead of C-style include files and libraries.
Go's type system has no hierarchy, so no time is spent defining the relationships between types. Also,
although Go has static types, the language attempts to make types feel lighter weight than in typical
OO languages.
Go is fully garbage-collected and provides fundamental support for concurrent execution and
communication.
By its design, Go proposes an approach for the construction of system software on multicore
machines.

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Source: golang.org
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  Golang  49  
Q8: What
Café are the benefits of using
  Go In

programming?

Answer
Following are the benefits of using Go programming:

Support for environment adopting patterns similar to dynamic languages. For example type inference
( x := 0 is valid declaration of a variable x of type int ).
Compilation time is fast.
In built concurrency support: light-weight processes (via goroutines), channels, select statement.
Conciseness, Simplicity, and Safety.
Support for Interfaces and Type embedding.
The go compiler supports static linking. All the go code can be statically linked into one big fat binary
and it can be deployed in cloud servers easily without worrying about dependencies.

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Junior     Golang  49  
Q9: What is dynamic type declaration
of a variable in Go?
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Answer        
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A dynamic type variable declaration requires compiler to interpret
passed to it. Compiler don't need a variable to have type statically as a necessary requirement.

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Junior     Golang  49  
Q10: What is static type declaration of
a variable in Go?
Answer
Static type variable declaration provides assurance to the compiler that there is one variable existing with
the given type and name so that compiler proceed for further compilation without needing complete detail
about the variable. A variable declaration has its meaning at the time of compilation only, compiler needs
actual variable declaration at the time of linking of the program.

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Junior     Golang  49  
Q11: What is a pointer?
Answer
A pointer variable can hold the address of a variable.

Consider:

var x = 5 var p *int p = &x

fmt.Printf("x = %d", *p)

Here x can be accessed by *p .

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Q12: What   is
kind of type conversion Junior     Golang  49  

supported by Go?
Answer
Go is very strict about explicit typing. There is no automatic type promotion or conversion. Explicit type
conversion is required to assign a variable of one type to another.

Consider:

i := 55 //int

j := 67.8 //float64

sum := i + int(j) //j is converted to int

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Source: golangbot.com

Junior     Golang  49  
Q13: Why the Go language was
created?

Answer
Go was born out of frustration with existing languages and environments for systems programming.

Go is an attempt to have:

an interpreted, dynamically typed language with


the efficiency and safety of a statically typed, compiled language
support for networked and multicore computing
be fast in compilation

To meet these goals required addressing a number of linguistic issues: an expressive but lightweight type
system; concurrency and garbage collection; rigid dependency specification; and so on. These cannot be
addressed well by libraries or tools so a new language was born.

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Mid     Golang  49  
Q14: Can Go have optional parameters?

Problem
Or can I just define two functions with the same name and a different number of arguments?

Answer
Go does not have optional parameters nor does it support method overloading:

Method dispatch is simplified if it doesn't need to do type matching as well. Experience with other
languages told us that having a variety of methods with the same name but different signatures was
occasionally useful but that it could also be confusing and fragile in practice. Matching only by name
and requiring consistency in the types was a major simplifying decision in Go's type system.

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Mid     Golang  49  
Q15: Have you worked with Go 2?

Answer
Tricky questions and the answer is no one worked. There is no Go version 2 available in 2018 but there
are some movement toward it. Go 1 was released in 2012, and includes a language specification, standard
libraries, and custom tools. It provides a stable foundation for creating reliable products, projects, and
publications. The purpose of Go 1 is to provide long-term stability. There may well be a Go 2 one day, but
not for a few years and it will be influenced by what we learn using Go 1 as it is today.

The possible goals and features of Go 2 are:

Fix the most significant ways Go fails to scale


*Provide backward compatibility
Go 2 must not split the Go ecosystem

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Mid     Golang  49  
Q16: How do you swap two values?
Provide a few examples.

Answer
Two values are swapped as easy as this:

a, b = b, a

To swap three values, we would write:

a, b, c = b, c, a

The swap operation in Go is guaranteed from side effects. The values to be assigned are guaranteed to be
stored in temporary variables before starting the actual assigning, so the order of assignment does not
matter.

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Mid     Golang  49  
Q17: How to copy Map in Go?
Answer
You copy a map by traversing its keys. Unfortunately, this is the simplest way to copy a map in Go:

a := map[string]bool{"A": true, "B": true}

b := make(map[string]bool)

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Mid     Golang  49  
Q18: How to initialise a struct in Go?

Answer
The new keyword can be used to create a new struct. It returns a pointer to the newly created struct.

var pa *Student // pa == nil

pa = new(Student) // pa == &Student{"", 0}

pa.Name = "Alice" // pa == &Student{"Alice", 0}

You can also create and initialize a struct with a struct literal.

b := Student{ // b == Student{"Bob", 0}

Name: "Bob",

pb := &Student{ // pb == &Student{"Bob", 8}

Name: "Bob",

Age: 8,

c := Student{"Cecilia", 5} // c == Student{"Cecilia", 5}

d := Student{} // d == Student{"", 0}

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Source: stackoverflow.com

Mid     Golang  49  
Q19: How to check if a Map contains a
key in Go?
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if val, ok := dict["foo"]; ok {

//do something here

if statements in Go can include both a condition and an initialization statement. The example above
uses both:

initializes two variables - val will receive either the value of "foo" from the map or a "zero value" (in
this case the empty string) and ok will receive a bool that will be set to true if "foo" was actually
present in the map

evaluates ok , which will be true if "foo" was in the map

If "foo" is indeed present in the map, the body of the if statement will be executed and val will be local
to that scope.

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Mid     Golang  49  
Q20: Implement a function that reverses
a slice of integers
Answer

func reverse(s []int) {

for i, j := 0, len(s)-1; i < j; i, j = i+1, j-1 {

s[i], s[j] = s[j], s[i]

func main() {

a := []int{1, 2, 3}

reverse(a)

fmt.Println(a)

// Output: [3 2 1]

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Mid     Golang  49  
Q21: Is Go an object-oriented

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Answer
Yes and no. Although Go has types and methods and allows an object-oriented style of programming,
there is no type hierarchy. This is in contrast to most object-oriented languages like C++, Java, C#, Scala,
and even dynamic languages like Python and Ruby.

Go Object-Oriented Language Features:

Structs - Structs are user-defined types. Struct types (with methods) serve similar purposes to
classes in other languages.
Methods - Methods are functions that operate on particular types. They have a receiver clause that
mandates what type they operate on.
Embedding - we can embed anonymous types inside each other. If we embed a nameless struct then
the embedded struct provides its state (and methods) to the embedding struct directly.
Interfaces - Interfaces are types that declare sets of methods. Similarly to interfaces in other
languages, they have no implementation. Objects that implement all the interface methods
automatically implement the interface. There is no inheritance or subclassing or "implements"
keyword.

The Go way to implement:

Encapsulation - Go encapsulates things at the package level. Names that start with a lowercase
letter are only visible within that package. You can hide anything in a private package and just expose
specific types, interfaces, and factory functions.
Inheritance - composition by embedding an anonymous type is equivalent to implementation
inheritance.
Polymorphism - A variable of type interface can hold any value which implements the interface. This
property of interfaces is used to achieve polymorphism in Go.

Consider:

package main

import (

"fmt"

// interface declaration

type Income interface {

calculate() int

source() string

// struct declaration

type FixedBilling struct {

projectName string

biddedAmount int

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type TimeAndMaterial struct {  

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noOfHours int

hourlyRate int

// interface implementation for FixedBilling

func (fb FixedBilling) calculate() int {

return fb.biddedAmount

func (fb FixedBilling) source() string {

return fb.projectName

// interface implementation for TimeAndMaterial

func (tm TimeAndMaterial) calculate() int {

return tm.noOfHours * tm.hourlyRate

func (tm TimeAndMaterial) source() string {

return tm.projectName

// using Polymorphism for calculation based

// on the array of variables of interface type

func calculateNetIncome(ic []Income) {

var netincome int = 0

for _, income := range ic {

fmt.Printf("Income From %s = $%d\n", income.source(), income.calculate())

netincome += income.calculate()

fmt.Printf("Net income of organisation = $%d", netincome)

func main() {

project1 := FixedBilling{projectName: "Project 1", biddedAmount: 5000}

project2 := FixedBilling{projectName: "Project 2", biddedAmount: 10000}

project3 := TimeAndMaterial{projectName: "Project 3", noOfHours: 160, hourlyRate: 25}

incomeStreams := []Income{project1, project2, project3}

calculateNetIncome(incomeStreams)

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Source: golangbot.com

22 Essential WCF Interview Questions (SOLVED)


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Mid     Golang  49  
Q22: Is there a foreach construct in the
Go language?
Answer
A for statement with a range clause iterates through all entries of an array, slice, string or map, or
values received on a channel. For each entry it assigns iteration values to corresponding iteration variables
and then executes the block.

for index, element := range someSlice {

// index is the index where we are

// element is the element from someSlice for where we are

If you don't care about the index, you can use _ :

for _, element := range someSlice {

// element is the element from someSlice for where we are

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Q23: What        
are  the differences between   I'm Hiring Mid     Golang  Sign
Answers     49  
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unbuffered  
and buffered channels?
Answer
For unbuffered channel, the sender will block on the channel until the receiver receives the data from
the channel, whilst the receiver will also block on the channel until sender sends data into the channel.
Compared with unbuffered counterpart, the sender of buffered channel will block when there is no
empty slot of the channel, while the receiver will block on the channel when it is empty.

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Mid     Golang  49  
Q24: What is rune type in Go?

Answer
There are many other symbols invented by humans other than the 'abcde..' symbols. And there are so
many that we need 32 bit to encode them.

A rune is a builtin type in Go and it's the alias of int32 . rune represents a Unicode CodePoint in Go. It
does not matter how many bytes the code point occupies, it can be represented by a rune. For example
the rule literal a is in reality the number 97.

A string is not necessarily a sequence of runes. We can convert between string and []rune , but they
are different.

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Source: golangbot.com

Mid     Golang  49  
Q25: What is so special about constants
in Go?
Answer
Constants in Go are special.

Untyped constants.
Any constant in golang, named or unnamed, is untyped unless given a type
explicitly. For example an untyped floating-point constant like 4.5 can be used anywhere a floating-
point value is allowed. We can use untyped constants to temporarily escape from Go’s strong type
system until their evaluation in a type-demanding expression.

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// untyped
       
integer constant
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var myComplex64 complex64 = 4.5

Typed constants. Constants are typed when you explicitly specify the type in the declaration. With
typed constants, you lose all the flexibility that comes with untyped constants like assigning them to
any variable of compatible type or mixing them in mathematical operations.

const typedInt int = 1

Generally we should declare a type for a constant only if it’s absolutely necessary. Otherwise, just declare
constants without a type.

Having Tech or Coding Interview? Check 👉 49 Golang Interview Questions


Source: callicoder.com

15 ASP.NET Web API Interview Questions And


Answers

  ASP.NET Web API  33  

Mid     Golang  49  
Q26: What is the difference between the
= and := operator?

Answer
In Go, := is for declaration + assignment, whereas = is for assignment only.

For example, var foo int = 10 is the same as foo := 10 .

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Source: stackoverflow.com

Mid     Golang  49  
Q27: Why would you prefer to use an
empty struct{} ?

Answer

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You would use an empty struct
    when
    you would want to save some memory. Empty structs do not take
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a := struct{}{}

println(unsafe.Sizeof(a))

// Output: 0

This saving is usually insignificant and is dependent on the size of the slice or a map. Although, more
important use of an empty struct is to show a reader you do not need a value at all. Its purpose in most
cases is mainly informational.

Having Tech or Coding Interview? Check 👉 49 Golang Interview Questions


Source: goquiz.github.io

Senior     Golang  49  
Q28: How can I check if two slices are
equal?
Answer
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Senior     Golang  49  
Q29: List the functions that can stop
or suspend the execution of current
goroutine, and explain their
differences.

Answer
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7 Greedy Algorithms Interview Questions


(ANSWERED) Software Devs Must Know

  Greedy Algorithms  7  

Senior     Golang  49  
Q30: What are the use(s) for tags in
Go?
Answer
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Senior     Golang  49  
Q31: What might be wrong with the
following small program?
Answer
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Q32: When  
is  the      
function
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run?  

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Expert     Golang  49  
Q33: How to compare two interfaces in
Go?

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29 Web Services Interview Questions To Prepare


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Expert     Golang  49  
Q34: When go runtime allocates
memory from heap, and when from
stack?
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27 Advanced MongoDB Interview Questions (ANSWERED) For


Experienced Developers

  MongoDB  77  

More than any other NoSQL database, and dramatically more than any relational database,
MongoDB's document-oriented data model makes it exceptionally easy to add or change fields,
among other things. It unlocks Iteration on the project. Iteration f...

24 Unit Testing Interview Questions (ANSWERED) For Software


D l
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Unit Tests and Test Driven Development (TDD) help you really understand the design of the code you
are working on. Instead of writing code to do something, you are starting by outlining all the
conditions you are subjecting the code to and what outpu...

35 Domain-Driven Design Interview Questions (ANSWERED) for


Software Devs and Architects

  DDD  38  

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Domain-Driven Design is nothing magical but it is crucial to understand the importance of Ubiquitous
Language, Domain Modeling, Context Mapping, extracting the Bounded Contexts correctly, designing
efficient Aggregates and etc. before your next DDD p...

27 Azure Interview Questions (ANSWERED) For


.NET Developers
At its core, Microsoft Azure is a public cloud computing platform - with solutions
including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and
Software as a Service (SaaS) that can be used for services such as analytics,
virtual c...

  Azure  35  

52 Node.js Interview Questions (ANSWERED) for


JavaScript Developers
As an asynchronous event-driven JavaScript runtime, Node.js is designed to
build scalable network applications. Follow along to refresh your knowledge
and explore the 52 most frequently asked and advanced Node JS Interview
Questions and Answers every...

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21 Dependency Injection Interview Questions


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Dependency Injection is most useful when you're aiming for code reuse,
versatility and robustness to changes in your problem domain. DI is also useful
for decoupling your system. DI also allows easier unit testing without having to
hit a database and...

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27 Advanced React Hooks Interview Questions (ANSWERED)


For ReactJS Developers
Originally, React mainly used class components, which can be strenuous at times as you always
had to switch between classes, higher-order components, and render props. With React hooks,
you can now do all these without switching, using functional com...

  React Hooks  46  

13 Repository Pattern and UoW Interview Questions


(ANSWERED)
The main advantage of the repository pattern is that it abstracts the database behind it. Think of it
as a tech-agnostic way of fetching and storing data in a data store. Follow along and refresh the 13
most common and advanced Repository Pattern and...

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36 Advanced TypeScript Interview Questions (ANSWERED) For


JavaScript Developers
TypeScript starts from the same syntax and semantics that millions of JavaScript developers know
today. Don't miss that advanced list of 36 TypeScript interview questions and answers and nail
your next web developer tech interview in style....

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Mobile app developers are responsible for developing the applications both on Android and iOS
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