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10.10 10.50 Tim Sandle Microbial Cleaning Validation Frkkgor55kfiodug
10.10 10.50 Tim Sandle Microbial Cleaning Validation Frkkgor55kfiodug
Residues:
Cleaning • Microorganisms
validation •
•
Active pharmaceutical ingredients
Other process chemicals, such as buffers
• Cleaning agents themselves (detergents)
• Microbiological culture media
• The processes that form part of cleaning validation have an impact upon
microorganisms remaining post-cleaning and on microbial survival.
• With cleanrooms, humidity control is recommended for areas where equipment is
held and stored in order to reduce the level of moisture (given that moist
environments support the survival and growth of many microorganisms and there
is a particular association with Gram-negative bacteria and fungi).
• The microbiologist should input.
Cleaning chemicals and microbial survival #1
There is a recurrent discussion about the need for both an acid and a caustic for
cleaning validation.
Alkaline detergents are good for removing organic soils, i.e. oils, fats, proteins,
starches, and carbohydrates. They hydrolyze peptide bonds and breaking down
large, insoluble proteins into small, more easily soluble polypeptides.
The use of an acid depends on Acid detergents do not work Acid detergents are effective They are also good at bacteria
which impurities are of a well on heavy soils, oils, and for the prevention or removal kill, but they are rarely used
concern, and whether these glucans. of water scale (calcium and without alkaline detergents.
will act as a barrier for the magnesium carbonates), and
alkaline agent and protect aluminium oxide.
microorganisms.
Phosphoric acid is useful in removing
protein residues
Cleaning chemicals and
microbial survival #2
• Cleaning agents should not be seen as disinfecting in
the sense that disinfection is defined as the known
reduction of a population of microorganisms as
demonstrated through controlled laboratory
studies.
• Other aspects of the cleaning process can prove
hostile to microbial survival:
• Temperature of the water used for cleaning
(above 60oC)
• pH ranges below 4 and above 11.
Effect of water rinses
#1
• Water is a key part of cleaning validation.
• Water rinses will remove cleaning chemicals and will
siphon away any microorganisms in the planktonic state.
• Water is:
• Capable of wetting surface to penetrate the soil
deposit
• Has the capacity to break the soil into fine particles
• Water holds small fine particles into suspension
• Water can prevent residues from redepositing onto a
cleaned surface
Effect of water rinses #2
• Final water rinse is Water of Injections (this is for all types of pharmaceutical products).
• Water must meet the required microbiological specification e.g. with WFI – NMT 10
CFU/100mL for bioburden and NMT 0.25 EU/mL for bacterial endotoxin.
• Following rinsing equipment should not be left with residual water after cleaning.
• The last step of the cleaning procedure involve drying, perhaps with the addition of a
solvent (such as 70% sterile isopropyl alcohol) or flushing with sterile compressed air.
Critical process and quality parameters
• Hazards need to be identified and risk assessed, based on the severity of the hazard and the likelihood that the hazard
will occur.
• Microorganisms represent a hazard:
• Microbial contamination on the equipment post-use (and pre-cleaning);
• The effects of hold time prior to cleaning (in relation to microbial proliferation and the release of endotoxin);
• Additional microbial challenges from the storage environment;
• The efficacy of the cleaning process to remove microorganisms and endotoxin;
• Storage of the equipment post-cleaning prior to use or a subsequent sanitization or sterilization step (in relation
to recontamination from the environment).
• Plus the degree of severity should a level of microorganisms be present and the likelihood of microorganisms still being
present after a cleaning or storage step. Likelihood is affected by the equipment design and easiness of cleaning.
Risk assessment #4
Worst-case
conditions for testing
• Residues
• The ability of any residues to support and to promote
microbial growth should be assessed.
• A viscous substance that does not readily
support microbial growth may sometimes not
be as great a risk as a growth-promoting
substance like broth media residues.
• Time of testing
• The dirty-hold time is an important factor for
consideration.
• Cleaning validation needs to be tested at the end of
the hold time and the cleaning process.
Microbial tests
• Direct tests • Follow-up testing
• Surface sampling • On-going in-process controls e.g.
• Contact plate intermediate product bioburden testing
• Swab • Microorganism characterisation
• Indirect tests • Hold time related testing
• Final rinse tests • Environmental monitoring
• Bioburden by membrane filtration
• Endotoxin testing
Locations for monitoring
As a general indicator,
Microbial for rinse water samples
Water of Injection limits • For bioburden: Not more than 10 CFU/100mL;
are often applied for the
limits #1 final rinse water,
namely:
• For endotoxin: Not more than 0.25 EU/mL.
Ref: Docherty, S. (1999) Establishing microbial cleaning limits for non-sterile manufacturing
equipment, Pharmaceutical Engineering, 19 (3): 36-40
Documentation
• Types and number of samples e.g. rinses, swabs, contact plates.
• A sample diagram, showing sample locations.
• Reference to sampling SOPs.
• Verifying that the person who took the samples was appropriately trained.
• Check-list to record when samples are taken.
• Sample transfer conditions.
• A receipt section for the arrival of samples in the microbiology laboratory.
• Test details, including verification of testing.
• List of all consumables, culture media and lot numbers.
• A results section.
• Test limits.
• Note of any deviations from procedure.
• Laboratory management sign-off.
Cleaning validation challenges #1
www.pharmamicroresources.com