Community Resilience Project Bahia Ecuador Final Version v2 PDF

Strengthening
Community Resilience through

Integral Human Development for Families at
High Psychosocial Risk
(Post-Earthquake Support 2021-2024)

Implementing Entity:

EcoBahía Social Action Foundation

February - 2021

Bahia de Caraquez, Ecuador
Content
1. BASELINE DATA OF THE PROJECT ...................................................................................... 1
1.1. Type of Request for an Opinion.................................................................................. 1
1.2. Name of the Project ...................................................................................................... 1
1.3. Implementing Entity .................................................................................................... 1
1.4. Deconcentrated Operational Entity .......................................................................... 1
1.5. Ministry of Coordination ............................................................................................. 1
1.6. Sector, Sub-sector and Type of Investment ............................................................. 1
1.7. Deadline for Implementation ..................................................................................... 1
1.8. Total Amount ................................................................................................................. 1
2. DIAGNOSIS AND PROBLEM ................................................................................................... 2

2.1 Description of the Current Status of the Area of Intervention for the Project
Development ......................................................................................................................... 2
2.2 Problem Identification, Description and Diagnosis ............................................... 3
2.3 Baseline of the Project ................................................................................................. 1
2.3.1 Social Support Context of EcoBahia Social Action Foundation................. 3
2.3.1.1 Legal Framework of EcoBahia Social Action Foundation ............................. 6
2.4 Supply and Demand Analysis ..................................................................................... 7
2.4.1 Supply.................................................................................................................. 7
2.4.2 Demand ............................................................................................................... 8
2.5 Identification and Characterization of the Target Population ............................. 9

2.6 Geographical Location and Territorial Impact ..................................................... 10
3. LINKAGE WITH PLANNING ................................................................................................. 12

3.1 Alignment of the Organizational Strategic Plan .................................................... 12
3.2 . Contribution of the Project to the Goal of the National Development Plan ... 13
4. LOGICAL FRAMEWORK MATRIX ...................................................................................... 15

4.1. General and Specific Objectives ............................................................................... 15
4.2. Performance indicators ............................................................................................. 15
4.3 Logical Framework ..................................................................................................... 17
4.3.1 Annualization of Purpose Indicator Goals ....................................................... 22
5. INTEGRAL ANALYSIS .......................................................................................................... 23

5.1. Technical Viability ...................................................................................................... 23
5.1.1. Description of Project Engineering. ............................................................ 24
5.1.1.1 Component 1. - Preparation of the Diagnosis ............................................... 24
5.1.1.1.1 Activity: Diagnosis and Mapping of Families in FANCA 1, 2, 3 and 4,

Divino Niño and Los Jardines Slums............................................................................ 24
i
5.1.1.2 Component 2. - Integral Human Development Program (IHD)................. 24
5.1.1.2.1 Activity: Talks and Conferences for Children and Adolescents ............ 25
5.1.1.2.2 Activity: Training for Parents in Parenting Methodologies. .................. 26
5.1.1.2.3 Activity: Capacity Strengthening for Teachers’ Participation ................ 26
5.1.1.2.4 Activity: Equipment for IHD Program ........................................................ 26
5.1.1.2.5 Activity: Comprehensive Accompaniment for Participants ................... 26
5.1.1.2.6 Activity: Specialized Accompaniment for Follow-Up and Monitoring of

Implemented Programs................................................................................................. 27
5.1.1.3 Component 3. - Development of Individual Skills ....................................... 27
5.1.1.3.1 Activity: Technical Assistance in the Process of Labor Insertion,

Productive Linkages with Business, Social and Commercial Processes
Approach .......................................................................................................................... 28
5.1.1.3.2 Activity: Investment in Productive Assets through Co-Financing ......... 28
5.1.1.3.3 Activity: Participation of Families in Financial Education Processes... 28
5.1.1.3.4 Activity: Production, Promotion and Implementation of Digital

Marketing Spaces and Platforms ................................................................................. 29
5.1.1.4 Component 4. - Implementing Ethical Values Promotion and

Environmental Conservation Program....................................................................... 29
5.1.1.4.1 Activity: Promoting Ethical Values and Environmental Conservation . 29
5.1.1.4.2 Activity: Transportation for Environmental Field Trips ........................ 30
5.2. Financial and Fiscal Viability .................................................................................... 30

5.3 . Economic Viability .................................................................................................... 30
5.3.1. Methodologies Used for the Calculation of Total Investment, Operating and
Maintenance Costs, Revenues and Profits ................................................................. 30
5.3.2. Identification and Valuation of Total Investment, Operational and

Maintenance Costs and Revenues................................................................................ 31
5.3.3 Economic Flow ....................................................................................................... 38
5.3.4 Fiscal Economic Indicators (IRR, NPV and CBR) ............................................. 40
5.4 Environmental Viability and Social Sustainability ............................................... 40
5.4.1. Analysis of Environmental Impact and Risks ................................................. 40
5.4.2. Social Sustainability ............................................................................................ 40
6. FUNDING AND BUDGET .......................................................................................................... 41
ii
7. IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY................................................................................................ 42
7.1. Operational Structure ................................................................................................ 42
7.2. Institutional Arrangements and Implementation Modalities ............................ 43
7.3. Timetable Assessed per Components and Activities ........................................ 45
7.4. Multiannual National Public Demand ..................................................................... 49
8. FOLLOW-UP AND ASSESSMENT STRATEGY ............................................................................. 52

8.1. Implementation Monitoring ..................................................................................... 52
8.2. Evaluation of Results and Impacts .......................................................................... 53
8.3. Baseline Update .......................................................................................................... 53
9. ANNEXES ............................................................................................................................ 54
9.1 Photos of Ecobahia Social Action Foundation Actions (1999-2007) .................. 54
iii

Index of Tables

Table 1. Total Amount of the Project ............................................................................. 1
Table 2. Population in FANCA Neighborhoods per Age Group. ................................... 7
Table 3. Unmet Demand .................................................................................................. 8
Table 4. Self-identification in Canton level - Sucre ..................................................... 10
Table 5. Logical Framework Matrix ............................................................................. 17
Table 6. Activity Budget for the Project . ..................................................................... 19
Table 7. Annualization Matrix of Purpose Indicator Goals......................................... 29
Table 8. Total Investment of the Project per Component. ......................................... 38
Table 9. Benefit Valued by Avoiding Costs of Medical Treatment Due to Marijuana
Dependence ..................................................................................................................... 34
Table 10. Benefit Valued by Avoiding Costs of Work Absenteeism Due to Marijuana
Consumption ................................................................................................................... 34
Table 11. Benefit Valued by Avoiding Costs of Medical treatment for Early Pregnancies
......................................................................................................................................... 35
Table 12. Income Lost Due to School-Dropping Cases at Country Level ...................... 36
Table 13. Annualized and Extended Income along the Working Age and Schooling
Reference......................................................................................................................... 37
Table 14. Financial Flow................................................................................................. 45
Table 15. Project Funding Table ..................................................................................... 48
Table 16. Total Investment per Component of the Project in USD and Percentages….48
Table 17. Detailed Institutional Arrangements detailed per by each Entity. .................. 44
Table 18. Timetable Assessed per Components and Activities. ..................................... 45
Table 19. Determination of the Public Demand for the Four-year Period of the Project
......................................................................................................................................... 56

Index of graphs, diagrams, illustrations and photos
Graph 1. Unemployment Rate in Manabi and Esmeraldas Provinces (from March

2015 to March 2018)....................................................................................................... 4
Diagram 2. Problem Tree ................................................................................................ 7
Image 3. Satellite Image of Bahia de Caraquez ............................................................ 17
Image 4. Satellite Image of FANCA Slums .................................................................... 18
Image 5. Satellite Image of the Ecologic Club Location - EcoBahia Foundation ....... 19
Photo 6. First Christmas after the 7.8 Earthquake on the Richter Scale, EcoBahia Social Action
Foundation, FANCA Neighborhood .................................................................................... 23
Photo 7. Expected Income for Employed Women, Ages 15-64, Per Age Group .................... 37
iv
1. Baseline Data of the Project

1.1. Type of Request for an Opinion

Priority and approval opinion
1.2. Name of the Project

Strengthening Community Resilience through Integral Human Development for
Families at High Psychosocial Risk

1.3. Implementing Entity

EcoBahía Social Action Foundation

1.4. Deconcentrated Operational Entity

GAD Sucre /CZ MIES/CZ MAE/CZ Salud

1.5. Ministry of Coordination

It is open to future agreements

1.6. Sector, Sub-sector and Type of Investment

Macro-sector: Social
Sub-sectors: Social and Family Protection / Health
1.7. Deadline for Implementation

Starting Date: 06/01/2021
End date: 12/31/2024

1.8. Total Amount
Table 1. Total Amount of the Project
FISCAL PERIOD AMOUNT USD

Year: 2021 $ 134,485.66
Year: 2022 $ 159,921.45
Year: 2023 $ 170,754.78
Year: 2024 $ 136,438.11
TOTAL COST OF THE $ 601,600.00
PROJECT

1
Source: EcoBahía Social Action Foundation

2. Diagnosis and Problem
2.1 Description of the Current Status of the Area of Intervention for the
Project Development

Over three years into the 7.8 Richter Scale seismic event that occurred on April 16, 2016,
and devastated areas of Manabi and Esmeraldas provinces, the city of Bahia de Caraquez
is still in the process of recovering its primary infrastructure and reactivating its
economy. According to Camacho, P. (2017), the earthquake caused 671 deaths and 4,589
wounded. In terms of infrastructure: 50 miles of roads were damaged and 35,264
houses were affected (where 13,962 completely collapsed). Additionally, 51 health
facilities, 875 schools and 11 universities suffered damages. In the productive sector
21,823 jobs were lost, both formal and informal, mainly affecting the service sector
(commerce and tourism). Furthermore, 80,000 people were displaced by the
earthquake, from which 28,775 took refuge in temporary shelters, 15,000 in foster
homes and the rest decided to migrate1.

Moreover, Ecuadorians had suffered two large-scale natural events during the period
1997-1998. The first one was the El Niño Event, which would be considered as one of
the strongest natural phenomena in our country’s history, for its intense rainfall began
in November 1997 and ended in July 1998. The heavy downpours caused floods along
the coastline of the Province of Manabi, together with other natural disasters such as
landslides that especially impacted the city of Bahia de Caraquez, keeping it in isolation
and without communications for more than three months. This event resulted in the
largest displacement of the population living in the outlying districts of the city that were
left to seek shelter in plastic makeshift tents out on the streets. Due to the continuous
rainfall, there were times when mudslide sediments piled up to 23-feet high on the
roads.

By the time the rainfall had ended in July 1998, everything was expected to get back to
normality, but then, the second natural event hit the city of Bahia de Caraquez. On August
4, 1998, there was a 7.1 earthquake in the Richter Magnitude Scale with its epicenter
located 6.2 miles up north of Bahia de Caraquez. Huge economic losses were suffered by
the local population, especially in the tourism sector, as there was a significant reduction
in tourist flow to the area by virtue of the extensive destruction of buildings and houses
that collapsed and were severely damaged in the city.

The two natural events of 1998 – the 7.1 Earthquake and El Niño, and recently the 2016
earthquake, impacted the peripheral neighborhoods of Bahia de Caraquez, which
suffered not only from infrastructure devastation, but also, from fragmentation of the
existing social and economic fabrics, causing direct brunt to the means and quality of life
of this population. In both periods, a percentage of the population living in plastic tents
had to be moved to a safer place where there would be at less risk of floods. This place
1
(Camacho, P. y ASOCAM 2017). Inclusive Recovery of Local Economy on The Basis of Sustainable
Tourism With Cultural Identity in Manabi – Ecuador, 2017 - 2021
2
was called FANCA, where 400 families settled in Hogar de Cristo-type bamboo cane
houses.

2.2 Problem Identification, Description and Diagnosis

Firstly, to determine the problem identification, description and diagnosis, the economic
and social damages that these events caused in Manabi and the FANCA sector in Sucre
Canton will be considered. Secondly, the in situ social and environmental issues will be
depicted as they are the intervention objective of this Project.
In general, the identified environmental issues affected the entire population, but the
effects relating to health and deterioration of natural resources severely affected the
most disadvantaged and marginalized social groups. The economic impact after the
disaster involved the loss of people's assets (houses, furniture, among others), and the
loss of natural resources such as crops and animals, in addition to businesses and
industries that were their livelihoods. These effects surpassed the local economy, even
generating an impact at national level (SENPLADES - National Secretariat for Planning
and Development, 2017).
According to the “2016 Reconstruction Cost Assessment Executive Summary"2, it was

established that 81% of the productive chains in the artisanal craft sector suffered some
impact on infrastructure, machinery or productivity levels; 32% of this percentage,
showed damages in their products and a 50% sales reduction. These figures display that
the main problem caused by the earthquake was the loss of economic and productive
dynamism, directly affecting the loss of employment sources and bringing productivity
and competitiveness declination among other fallouts. The Province of Manabi suffered
the largest impact of the 2016 earthquake. Its cantons: Portoviejo, Chone, Montecristi,
Sucre and Rocafuerte among others, suffered the destruction of their private
infrastructure and utility services.

The estimated cost for the reconstruction of the affected areas was approximately
USD3.3 billion, where 67% of this cost will be borne by the public sector and 33% by the
private sector. From the overall amount, 41% (USD1.4 billion) will be directed to the
social sector, 31% (USD1.02 billion) to the productive sector, 26% (USD862 million) to
infrastructure and housing, and the remaining 2% (USD81 million) to other areas
(SENADE, 2016).

Employment was also affected by the earthquake as approximately 7,382 jobs were lost.
Unemployment rate at December 2016 was 8.86% (in Esmeraldas) higher than the
national unemployment rate of 5.21%. The Province of Manabi shows a 3.06% rate.

2
https://www.planificacion.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2016/08/Evaluacion-de-los-Costos-de-
Reconstruccion-Resumen-Ejecutivo.pdf
3
12,00%
10,00%
8,00%
6,00%
4,00%
2,00%
0,00%
mar-15
may-15
jul-15
sep-15
nov-15
ene-16
mar-16
may-16
jul-16
sep-16
nov-16
ene-17
mar-17
may-17
jul-17
sep-17
nov-17
ene-18
mar-18
Esmeraldas Manabí Nacional

Graph 1. Unemployment Rate in the Provinces of Manabi and Esmeraldas (from March 2015 to March 2018)
Source: ENEMDU (National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Under Employment of Ecuador) – INEC
(National Institute of Statistics and Censuses of Ecuador);
Prepared by: IEPS (Institute of Popular and Solidary Economy of Ecuador) – DFP

Bahia de Caraquez and FANCA

As the above graph shows, this problem was emphasized in the Province of Manabi. The
Canton of Sucre and especially the city of Bahia de Caraquez - highly devastated by the
earthquake, displayed a higher reduction of employment, mainly due to central
government financial issues and their lack of important projects in this area.

After the earthquake, the most relevant challenges for returning to normal living were
the surrounding physical conditions, the lack of jobs and primarily the “social
uncertainty and confusion”. These factors evidenced social vulnerability and degrees of
readjustment that had not yet been studied in our domestic sphere. If in addition, the
absence of an integral rehabilitation plan, incomplete reconstructions, and poor
knowledge of the local social capital, physical assets losses, psychological distress
problems and health conditions caused by the post-traumatic stress are taken into
consideration, an alarming situation is generated for the people of Bahia de Caraquez.

There existed social problems before the 2016 earthquake, especially in the peripheral
neighborhoods, including FANCA in this case. After the 1998 earthquake, approximately
400 families of the affected population living in shelters and tents were relocated to the
FANCA area. The “social capital” was mainly deteriorated due to the bewilderment and
lack of resilience of those people that never chose to live together in times of a post-
disaster. Overall, social capital refers to those factors in social groups that work
effectively including: Interpersonal relationships, a shared sense of identity and
understanding, shared rules and values, confidence, cooperation and reciprocity.
Although they had lived in a city like Bahia de Caraquez that had economic progress and
was an emergent tourism destination with dynamic trade based on the booming
situation experienced by the aquaculture sector (all these later affected by the natural
4
catastrophes), the consequences of the disaster heavily impacted the families relocated
in FANCA.

Children, youngsters and adolescents are very vulnerable during disasters. Their poor
post-disaster recovery is aggravated by the constant worries over family members, the
anguish of their parents, the multiple losses experienced - including their homes and
jobs, and the separation from relatives and friends. Relocation caused great distress in
these population groups.

The most common reason for moving out was the unsafety of their houses or lands,
mainly due to the damages caused by El Niño Event and the landslides. Relocations were
complicated and many family members stayed behind or moved back to safeguard their
houses. This sometimes caused family members to be separated, as they moved in
different ways, and there was even parents’ absenteeism when they left to unaffected
cantons looking for jobs.

The emotional stress in children, youngsters and adolescents due to their parents’
economic difficulties, family member losses and recurrent aftershocks, precluded a
normal recovery of their lives. EcoBahia Social Action Foundation understood this
and created a program that embraced the children of FANCA, not only to position them
as vulnerable recipients in need of protection, but also, as competent social stakeholders
with voice and interests, that are able to understand and act in response to disasters.
Since 1999, we have worked with more than 150 children from FANCA, who have high
levels of poverty, and organized Ecoclubs.

The Foundation started by providing them after-school attention and within its actions,
to communicate environmental, family and ethical values. These positive attitudes for
their lives started to change their behavioral patterns towards the environment, within
their homes and in society. It can be stated that after 10 years in the Ecoclubs, some of
these 150 children attained professional careers and productive lives. The FANCA
Ecological Club was a basic factor in the formation of their positive beliefs, attitudes and
values around the environment. Back in those days, with help from our friends we were
able to help Bahia de Caráquez to be declared an Eco-city and the program of the
foundation perfectly fitted the global strategy.

Several actions and strategies that supported FANCA after the cited natural events were
secured through the cooperation of certain solidary groups and persons. For example,
with the leadership of Mrs. Flor Maria Dueñas, President of the Foundation, the children
were taught ethical values and thereupon, these were weaved into environmental
education. UNESCO gathers information from several workshops on environmental
conservation, where it is explained that ethical values should be taken into consideration
for the development of environmental education programs.3 This was very valuable for
the Bahia Eco-city movement and for the revaluation of families in FANCA.

3
UNESCO-UNEP International Environmental Education Program (1985). Guide for the Education of
Environmental Values. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000066413/PDF/066413engo.pdf.multi
5
Another important factor supporting FANCA has been the contribution made by Father
Bruno Roque Santos, who with his leadership brought relief to those suffering after the
earthquake. He also organized a soup kitchen and has provided training to FANCA
neighborhoods, even before the earthquake took place. The Sacred Heart of Jesus Church
is strategically located at the entrance of FANCA and it was built after the natural events
of 1998. The contributions to the community that Father Bruno led were made by the
Congregation of the Sacred Heart of Jesus’s priests. This permanent help represents a
consistent source of hope for the families in FANCA that live in a state of anxiety as a
result of high levels of crime, drugs, teen pregnancy, gender violence among other
factors that are influenced by the poverty and Unsatisfied Basic Needs (UBN).

Problem

FANCA is divided in 4 neighborhoods, namely, FANCA 1, 2, 3 and 4. They are very close
to Los Jardines and Divino Niño neighborhoods that also suffer from the same main
issue, i.e. the fact that the social capital of FANCA community has deteriorated as of the
1998 earthquake. The governmental and private social programs are not capable
enough to help recover a population that should have had a more resilient level when
facing the post-earthquake periods of both natural events (1998 and 2016).

Resilience is the ability of a system, community or society potentially exposed to hazards
to adapt by resisting or changing in order to reach and maintain an acceptable level of
functioning and structure. This is determined by the degree to which the system or social
fabric is able to have self-organization, and increase its capability to learn from past
disasters for bettered future protection and improved risk reduction measures. J. Walter
(2004)4 states that resilience provides fast recovery when a natural disaster occurs.
Resilience activities require institutionalized planning and responsive networks to
minimize decreased productivity, devastating losses and quality of life declination in the
event of a disaster.

In 1999, EcoBahia Social Action Foundation identified an opportunity when working
with more than 150 children, guiding them in values and environmental conservation.
There was a positive effect in the community, but due to the foundation’s limited funds5,
it was no longer possible to generate a larger impact. What’s more, many of the parents
were reluctant to let their children become part of the Ecoclubs. There upon, this
vulnerable population -in need of constant attention- progressively became a
disadvantaged segment of the community due to the above-mentioned factors, leaving
these children unprotected from risks caused by ill-intentioned groups that induced
adolescents into early pregnancies and drugs.

Currently, many fathers and sons coming from this disadvantaged group have fallen into
alcoholism and drug addiction, thereby, many of these family units are ‘fatherless’ in
their family circle. The lack of consistent programs in the daily lives of this
4
(Walter. J. 2004). World Disaster Report 2004: Focus on Community Resilience. Geneva: International
Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC).
5
Private funds mostly donated personally by Mrs. Flor María Dueñas, President of the EcoBahia Social Action
Foundation to Ecoclubs incubator for children and youngsters in FANCA.
6
population has deteriorated the social and family structures. On April 16, 2016, the
devastating 7.8 earthquake on the Richter Scale plus the aftershocks - more than 14 seismic
events over 6 points in the same scale, magnified the issues existing since 1998 (when the 7.1
earthquake in Bahia occurred). The total recovery of the city of Bahia de Caráquez was never
accomplished after the first earthquake (1998), and after 18 years, this situation worsened with
another destructive seismic event.
New problems arose when youngsters fell into addiction as they seemingly found relief in the
fact that adults were using drugs too to handle stress and other factors of life. Escaping
financial problems and ill-treatment ended promoting the internal deterioration of persons.
Willian Glenn Steiner6 states that “The adult has already acquired a certain sense of identity
and purpose in life. He or she has faced love and sex problems, has achieved a certain degree
of economic and social skills, and has been assimilated by some dominant social order.
While adults can abuse drugs and alcohol for almost the same reasons as teenagers, its use
does not necessarily prevent them from being productive, fulfilling obligations, keeping
emotional and occupational ties, recognizing the rights and authority of others, accepting
restrictions and planning for the future. On the contrary, teenagers tend to become
ethnocentric and egocentric with the use of drugs. These individuals withdraw within a narrow
drug culture and themselves. To many of these teenagers, drug abuse entails a neglect of
obligations in times when they need more important development experiences”.

Another growing issue is the fact that children are being used as mules for micro traffic.
Affected families that have no money or employment to satisfy their basic needs allow
this deviation from rules and values. A critical issue in FANCA families is the absence of
both parents. The presence of mothers alone (62%) compared to presence of fathers
(14%) proves instability in households.

While families and locations with good economic networks, communities and other
kinds of relations are frequently more resilient, the expectancy of having a plenty life
with well-being is impossible for this people; hence, there is a need of integral actions to
direct this population that can change and sustain values allowing them a social and
family order. FANCA is an exception to the above point for it shows deterioration in its
social capital aggravated by two earthquakes and one El Niño event over the past 20
years.

6
https://www.britannica.com/topic/drug-use/Social-and-ethical-issues-of-drug-abuse
7
Problem Tree

THE POPULATIONS OF MARGINAL NEIGHBORHOODS AS FANCA, DIVINO NIÑO AND LOS JARDINES,
WITHOUT RESILIENCE TO FACE THE CHALLENGES OF LIFE
Effects
High level of use of Family economies Dysfunctional

Weak recovery and
psychotropic Low levels of below subsistence families and high
strengthening to
substances, concentration at levels that do not level of pregnancy
face the situation of
(including alcohol, work or in school allow a child's of adolescents who
economic crisis are not yet
marijuana, cocaine) affecting normal
facing the country prepared to face
by parents and performance. development.
and community.
children. life.
DETERIORATION OF SOCIAL CAPITAL AND RESILIENCE LEVEL OF

Problem
THE COMMUNITY OF FANCA, DIVINO NIÑO AND LOS JARDINES
Low esteem and High level of

Limited access to ethical, family and psycological and
Young people do
financial resources environmental health problems
not have a sense
for social help values catalized by post-
Loss of assets and of life, do not see
programs deteriorated have traumatic stress
jobs. opportunities for a
(including drug provoked a disorder from the
happy and
control and weakness in the earthquake and
prosperous life
prevention). social and family family financial
fabric. situation.
Causes

Graph 2. Problem Tree
Source and Preparation: EcoBahia Social Action Foundation
1

2.3 Baseline of the Project

As background for the baseline of the Project, it should be mentioned that FANCA is
divided in 4 neighborhoods (FANCA 1, 2, 3 and 4).

Table 2. Population in FANCA Neighborhoods Per Age Group
Population in FANCA per Age Group

Infants Preschool
Boys Girls Boys Girls
57 54 231 220
Total: Less than 1-year old -> 111 Total: From 1 to 4-year old -> 451

School Adolescents
Men Women Men Women
299 285 307 290
Total: From 5 to 9-year old -> 584 Total: From 10 to 14-year old -> 597

Adolescent Adults
Men Women Men Women
298 281 1,209 1,233
Total: From 15 to 19-year old-> 579 Total: From 20 to 49-year old -> 2,442

Source: Health District 13D11 (2019)
Preparation: EcoBahia Social Action Foundation (2019)

As reported by the FANCA Health Post, FANCA’s total population is 5,945 persons
distributed in 2,976 men and 2,969 women. If you subtract the total sum of the
population in the three tables above (total sum is 4,764) from the total population of
FANCA (5,945), we get a difference of 1,181 persons that corresponds to the 50-year old
and above Adult Age Group.

FANCA Community Survey Results

Two hundred and thirty-one (231) individuals in FANCA community were surveyed. As
per the analysis of the Magister in Drug and Alcohol Counseling, Dan Gheorghita, MA,
LADC, BCC the data is alarming. The statistics was drawn in July 2019 in FANCA’s four
neighborhoods, Bahia de Caraquez. Information gathering was made with the active
participation of students from the first semester of Tourism, Hospitality and Business
Administration Careers of the Bahia de Caraquez University Extension of “Eloy Alfaro”
Secular University of Manabi. This gathering was made with a view to prevent teenage
drug consumption in FANCA sector, in Leonidas Plaza parish of Sucre Canton.

1
The answers provided by the respondent adolescents revealed a concerning percentage
regarding alcohol and drug abuse. It is important to mention the difference in
percentages of parents’ presence at home: 62% presence of mothers compared to
only 14% presence of fathers.

Alcohol Abuse

• 44% have drunk alcohol in their lives. From this percentage, almost half of them
have drunk alcohol in the past week and over 26% have gotten drunk, 2 to 6 times
or more during the past month.
• When asked if their parents would be upset if they knew that they have been
drinking alcohol, 31% said that they would not be really upset. Their answer can
be understood as a response to the fact that more than 40% of their parents drink
alcohol and thus they see this situation as normal and acceptable.
• When asked how often they see people drinking alcohol7 on streets, they replied
that more than 80% of them see that situation every day or several times a week.

Psychoactive Substance Abuse

The World Health Organization (WHO, 1994) defines the abuse of psychoactive
substances as “a maladapted pattern indicated by continued use despite knowledge of
having a persistent or recurrent social, occupational, psychological or physical problem
that is caused or exacerbated by the user[or by] recurrent use in situations in which it is
physically hazardous”7.

The most revealing aspect of the survey was that 97.4% have tried marijuana and 12%
have tried cocaine and cocaine base.

• 65% of the survey respondents replied that they see people taking drugs on a
weekly basis.
• Adolescents witness fights, robberies, drunks and drugged people every single
day. Thus, they are afraid of living in their community as 21% of the surveyed
respondents mentioned that they hardly ever feel safe. Father Bruno Roque
Santos stated8 that during October 2019, there was a case of fatal violence in the
neighborhood. A man broke into a children´s party and while fighting with
another man, he killed him, endangering all children’s lives.

According to scientific research, when there is high presence of alcohol abuse at home,
a child is left exposed to alcohol and drugs, and he/she has up to a 90% risk of becoming
an alcoholic and/or a drug addict.

7
(WHO, 1994). WHO Lexicon of alcohol and drug terms.
https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/39461/9241544686_eng.pdf?sequence=1
8
Father Bruno Roque Santos. Personal conversation held on December 25, 2019 with Patricio Tamariz.
2
The assessment of Magister Dan Gheorghita is that it is important to have an urgent
program with positive actions in order to substantially reduce these figures that show a
high trend of alcohol and marijuana abuse. Otherwise, the more time passes by, the
higher abuse rate that will bring about high risk of addictions, violence and crime.

Yet another relevant data aside from the surveys indicate a very complex problem,
which is the use of children as mules for micro-trafficking. Micro-trafficking is on the
rise, as well as, the dissemination of predatory networks.

2.3.1 Social Support Context of EcoBahia Social Action Foundation

The concept of community resilience, which includes planning, resilience, absorption
and rapid recovery from disruptive events, has globally gained in strength over the past
decade. In the United States, national and local community resilience programs and
research have been influenced by the local and domestic impacts of the 1992 Hurricane
Andrew, 1994 Northridge, California earthquake, 2001 World Trade Center and
Pentagon terrorist attacks, 2005 Hurricane Katrina, 2011 Joplin tornadoes, 2012 Sandy
super storm, 2017 Hurricanes Harvey, Irma and Maria, in addition to, cyclones in other
parts of the world, the 2009 L'Aquila, Italy earthquake, 2011 Christchurch, New Zealand
and Japan earthquakes, and lastly, the 2016 central Italy earthquake, which have all
motivated resilience research.

The concept of community resilience evolved after each of these natural disasters, as the
resilience programs increasingly addressed emergency response, preparation and
safety, communication of risks and community recovery from physical, economic and
social interruptions. In time, instead of only focusing in individual facilities or
organizations, community resilience started to address the long-term impacts in
communities after the events. A community perspective provides the necessary context
to develop the required performance and recovery of facilities and individual
organizations and their role in community recovery9.

In order to contextualize the actions implemented by EcoBahia Social Action Foundation
in the post-earthquake periods of 1998 and 2016, relevant information summarizing
what has been done in this sector and its current status is provided hereunder:

EcoBahia Social Action Foundation, promoter of the Eco-city and Values to
children through its Ecoclubs.

1998-2007

Bahia de Caraquez, a city located on the central coastline of Ecuador, is unique in its
development as a model of urban sustainability (Eco-City), for it emerged from the
debris of two cataclysmic natural events. The 1998 El Niño event seriously affected
Bahia de Caraquez, also known as Bahia, due to torrential rains and landslides
9
Koliou, M., van de Lindt, J. W., McAllister, T. P., Ellingwood, B. R., Dillard, M., & Cutler, H. (2018). State
of the Research in Community Resilience: Progress and Challenges. Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure,
Volume No.10.1080/23789689.2017.1418547. doi:10.1080/23789689.2017.1418547
3
(aggravated by deforestation and unsustainable land use practices). This left the city
isolated, without utility services and food supplies. Once the rainfall had ended, the city
was promptly hit by a 7.1 earthquake in Richter Scale that collapsed many buildings and
severely damaged the rest.

Local residents and politicians altogether, with the support of international
environmental groups, decided to rebuild the popular coastal city in an environmentally
sensitive way and in 1999, Bahia de Caraquez was declared an Eco-city.

Thanks to the important activities of several groups and individuals who were already
working with ecological projects, the Eco-city started out with an excellent edge. Paper
recycling, organic waste recycling, permaculture and reforestation efforts that were
already underway were increased due to the new projects. Activities at that time
included:

• Five groups of paper recycling (hand recycling).
• A reforestation project at all hillsides of Bahia.
• Reforestation in Maria Auxiliadora, a neighborhood that was totally devastated
by El Niño event, where 20 persons died.
• Ecoclubs for children and youngsters in FANCA.
• "FANCA Produces": a Project for recycling all household organic waste, creation
of compost and growing fruit trees that afterwards were planted in the
neighborhoods.
• Eco-market – The city market separates organic and inorganic waste. The
organic matter is taken to Encarnacion - organic farm, for composting. Compost
is later used in the municipal nursery.
• The Encarnacion farm is the composting place and organic farm that produces
raw material for shrimp organic meal.
• Organic Shrimp Farm - The first certified organic shrimp farm of the world was
born here and it is not only a productive farm but also a wildlife refuge.
• Currently, the Environmental Education Program has hosted the visit of 1,700
children to the Eco-market, Encarnacion Farm and Saiananda Park.
• Dry Forest Reserve. This is a private reserve in the hills behind Bahia. Ecuador
only has 3% of dry forests.
• Rio Muchacho, agro-ecological farm in 1999.
• Rio Muchacho, Community Environmental School.
• Tree plantation in Bahia streets
• Reforestation of mangroves in the estuary

In 1999, Flor María Dueñas was the promoter and founder of the first Ecoclub in the
country that was part of the International Network. She explained back then, that in the
National School the young delegates received training in subjects such as leadership,
motivation, values, media management, strategic planning, and others, in addition to
sharing experiences. Some of the topics addressed in the programs they have developed
are: Comprehensive management of urban waste, urban tree planting, adequate
4
management of drinking water, fight against dengue, adequate management of
agrochemicals, and ecotourism among other subjects.

This group was formed by children from ages 9 to youngsters, with no age limit, that
engaged in recycling and manufacturing ecologic stationery, reforestation and
maintenance of a nursery.

Moreover, they provided training to the community and developed a campaign for
dengue prevention. At that time, they worked with the Ministry of Health of Ecuador,
Pan-American Health Organization, the Association of Ecuadorian Municipalities (AME
for its Spanish acronym) and other municipalities and prefectures.

Flor María Dueñas affirms that “Ecoclubs are non-governmental and democratic
organizations basically formed by youngsters and children that coordinate actions with
other institutions in the community to improve life quality of its population” They have
also participated in dengue prevention actions and in three water fairs - two in
Guayaquil and one in Salinas, and are providing training in primary schools and high
schools in several cantons.

“Adopt a Road” was one of the most important programs consisting in Ecoclubs adopting
a 1.25-mile segment of a road with the goal of keeping it clean, planting trees - if it were
allowed, and deleting graffiti from walls and/or trees. The project was about to be
signed off by the Ministry of Tourism and Environment of Ecuador and the Provincial
Government of Manabi, but there was a change of government authorities and EcoBahia
Social Action Foundation’s funds could no longer afford the investment expenditure of
this project. Practices were held with Ecoclubs and even Mr. Rodrigo Velez – Engr. and
governor at that time, contributed with police protection.

Another important project was recycling paper to be used as raw material with which
volunteers made cards, invitations, envelopes, stationary, agendas, folders, small boxes,
and so on.

In the city of Bahia de Caraquez, many international Ecoclub meetings have taken place
bringing together young volunteers that participated in the projects developed by the
Ecoclubs of Ecuador, one of the 30 countries that are part of the International Network
of Ecoclubs.

In the beginning of this environmental practice, some groups were engaged in ecological
practices and activities, such as cleaning the access road to Bahia de Caraquez and
visiting the Museum of the Central Bank of Ecuador, FANCA Ecoclub, Chirije
archaeological site and ecological beaches. The Eco Juventud newspaper was published
with news and articles on environment, culture, community health, development of
Bahia, its promotion as a green city and ecotourism in the area.

Additionally, EcoBahia Social Action Foundation coordinated medical missions and
surgeries with Rostros Felices Foundation, the Ministry of Health of Ecuador and PAHO.
Afterwards, the International Network of Ecoclubs appointed the President of the
Foundation, Flor María Dueñas, as Promoter of Ecuador National Ecoclubs. The
institution organized Ecoclubs in several places in Ecuador and Peru.
5

2.3.1.1 Legal Framework of EcoBahia Social Action Foundation

During its first stage, EcoBahia Social Action Foundation worked under the registry of
Fundación Centro Ambiental EcoBahia (EcoBahia Environmental Center Foundation)
that had been approved by the Ministry of Social Welfare on November 26, 1999. For
more than 8 years, FANCA neighborhoods and other places in Ecuador were mostly
supported by the president of the Foundation and her personal funds. Even though, the
foundation included in its registry its environmental purpose, this project envisioned
strengthening the social capital as well, and consequently the Ecoclubs were created.
The Project ceased operating after 2007, but then, The Province of Manabi suffered the
impact of a 7.8 earthquake in the Richter Scale, on April 16, 2016, that devastated
Manabi and the adjacent province of Esmeraldas. Cooperation was provided in
coordination with international medical brigades (in the facilities of EcoBahia Social
Action Foundation that would later on be called Ecoclub) and some specific works with
the Ministry of Economic and Social Inclusion of Ecuador. Mrs. Flor Maria Dueñas
resumed social actions mainly in FANCA and the Foundation was registered in the MIES
(Ministry of Economic and Social Inclusion of Ecuador) as a social organization named
ECOBAHIA SOCIAL ACTION FOUNDATION.

The Foundation obtained its legal status through the Ministerial Agreement No. 0019 of
October 4, 2019, on July 17, 2019, with domicile in the parish of Leonidas Plaza, Sucre
canton, of the Province of Manabi. From the Minutes of the Extraordinary General
Assembly, dated August 13, 2019, it is clear that the board of directors was appointed
for the period 0713 August 2019 until August 13, 2021, in accordance with the
provisions of the By-laws of the organization.

As established in Article 16 of the Regulation for granting Legal Status to Social
Organizations, the Ministry of Economic and Social Inclusion of Ecuador is competent to
register the Board of ECOBAHIA SOCIAL ACTION FOUNDATION. Upon analyzing the
attached documents, a favorable report was issued with Memo number MIES-CZ-4-DDJ-
2019-6128-M to registry the current board of the ECOBAHIA SOCIAL ACTION
FOUNDATION. The board of ECOBAHIA SOCIAL ACTION FOUNDATION was registered
and it will act from August 13, 2019 to August 13, 2021.

With its operations in the slum sector of Bahia de Caraquez, EcoBahia Social Action
Foundation complies with Article 35 of the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador,
which states that: "The elderly, children and adolescents, pregnant women, the disabled,
persons deprived of their liberty and those suffering from catastrophic or highly
complex diseases shall receive priority and specialized attention in the public and
private spheres. The same prioritized attention will be given to persons at risk, victims
of domestic and sexual violence, child abuse, and natural or man-made disasters. The
State shall provide special protection to persons in a situation of double vulnerability”.

6
2.4 Supply and Demand Analysis

2.4.1 Supply

Sucre GAD [GAD - Decentralized Autonomous Government, the city government] with
the leadership of its Mayor Ingrid Zambrano has organized the “Proyecto Esperanza”
which includes FANCA, Los Jardines and Divino Niño neighborhoods. They are part of a
pilot plan that is supported by the Government of Manabi, Plan Internacional, Rotary
Club, the Prefecture of Manabi, National Police Department, Los Hemisferios University,
Casa Victoria, EcoBahia Social Action Foundation and Sacred Heart of Jesus
Congregation. It should be mentioned that at the time of writing this document, there
are limited funding resources to implement service programs by any entity or institution
mentioned above.

Marcela Garcia is working in a project for the Municipality of Sucre with leaders of the
neighborhoods, making surveys, cleaning actions and giving conferences on self-esteem
and hygiene. This program is just starting and not all of the project tools are working,
but there is hope that soon the stakeholders will bring enough funds and human
resources to fulfill its objectives. Father Bruno10 states that there is some presence in
FANCA neighborhoods. He adds that the Health Center works very well with arriving
community doctors.

There are certain facilities to support the community, namely:
• Padre Dehón Soup Kitchen supported by priests of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
Congregation. This soup kitchen works since 2001, providing attention to 80
children and adolescents -before and after school hours, and who also get a lunch
meal. They have also received teachers and students of Los Hemisferios
University who teach music, provide recreation and give support in the
psychologic area.
• EcoBahia Social Action Foundation Ecoclub has an auditorium hall and halls that
are available to support actions of the Esperanza Project and others as needed.
Since 1999, after the first earthquake and 1998 El Niño Event, it has worked
supporting youngsters in FANCA for almost 10 years. The lack of resources did
not allow the Ecoclub to continue providing support to the community. After the
2016 earthquake, the foundation was able to provide support through foreign
medical brigades to help sick and injured people in FANCA.

Actions derived from, and fostered by Sucre GAD are relevant and will have as its main
contribution the Esperanza Project, which has institutions as Los Hemisferios University
supporting certain social components in this sector.

10
Personal conversation held with Father Bruno Roque Santos regarding current projects in FANCA
neighborhoods.
7
2.4.2 Demand
2.4.2.1 Benchmark Population

All the slums of Bahia de Caraquez that were affected by the earthquake, in one way or
another, and are located in the area of the 4 neighborhoods of FANCA (FANCA 1, 2, 3 and
4), El Divino Niño and Los Jardines will be benefitted by this project. The total
population of FANCA is 5,945 people, 2,976 men and 2,969 women. Additionally, there
are 2,000 persons approximately in El Divino Niño and Los Jardines neighborhoods as a
benchmark population.
2.4.2.2 Potentially Demanding Population

The potentially demanding population that was mostly affected by the earthquake and
the subsequent deterioration of the social fabric are concentrated in FANCA 1, 2, 3 and
4, Los Jardines and the Divino Niño neighborhoods.
2.4.2.3 Effective Demanding Population

The effective demanding population is comprised by the families in FANCA 1, 2, 3 and 4,
the Divino Niño and Los Jardines neighborhoods, as they were all affected by the 2016
earthquake. They require an integral institutional intervention as a result of the existing
drug addiction, alcoholism and family disintegration issues. In a similar fashion, they
require assistance in developing their productive, organizational and commercial
processes. If a rotating schedule is implemented, approximately 500 people a week
could attend the Ecologic Club of EcoBahia Social Action Foundation.

This means that the effective demanding population encompasses the persons of the
most affected families living in the 6 peripheral neighborhoods of the city of Bahia
de Caraquez, who fulfill the requirements to have access to the Capacity Development
Project in Productive Reactivation, Leadership, Health and Environmental Conservation.
2.4.2.4 Estimated Deficit or Unmet Demand (Supply – Demand)
For the estimation of unmet demand, the difference between supply and demand was
considered as per the following detail:

Table 3. Unmet Demand
Supply: Capacity
Neighborhoods Demand Development Future Deficit
Project
FANCA 1, 2, 3 and 4 5,945 400 5,545
Divino Niño 1,000 50 950
Los Jardines 1,000 50 950
Total 7,945 500 7,445

Source: Strengthening Community Resilience Project by Integral Human Development for Families in
High Psychosocial Risk Project
Preparation: EcoBahia Social Action Foundation (2019)

8
To support the future unmet demand, it is considered that most of the families can
receive training processes and technical assistance in rotating schedules per period. The
future deficit would be 7,445 persons in the neighborhoods that were affected by the
earthquake.

2.5 Identification and Characterization of the Target Population
According to the 2010 national census, Bahia de Caraquez (cantonal capital of Sucre)
had a population of 20,921 inhabitants and Sucre Canton 57,15911 in that year. The
slums of FANCA, Divino Niño and Los Jardines represent approximately 40% of the
current population of Bahia. By the same census, the level of poverty measured by the
number of unmet basic needs showed that for the Bahia de Caraquez parish (where the
population of the slums of FANCA, Divino Niño and Los Jardines are located) the Poverty
Rate of UBN (Unmet Basic Needs) is 73.9%; taking into consideration that according to
the 2010 INEC census (National Statistics and Census Institute) the percentage of
extreme poverty UBN is 34.7%.

As per the Development and Land Management Plan of Sucre Canton 2015-201912 and
the 2001 and 2010 INEC census analysis, the population within the age groups of less
than 1-year old and up to 14 years old represented 33 % of the total population in 2001.
In 2010, it represented 20 %, i.e. a 13-point reduction in the total population of children
and adolescents. This group is of vital importance as they should be the recipients of
education, health and food policies. In 2001, the population between 15 and 64 years old
represented 59 % and in 2010, 69 % of the total population, in other words, there was a
10-point percentage increase in the range of age of the economically active population
that generates and drives the national production.

Finally, the population between 65 and more than 100 years old, 18 represented 8% of
the total population in 2001, and 11% in 2010. There was a 3-point variation. This group
speaks for the senior citizens, and public policies should provide better health programs,
care and recreational areas for them.

Bahia de Caraquez parish has the lowest illiteracy rate, a 9.30% for year 2010. This
parish has a high number of education institutes (74 in total). Average schooling of
population in the Canton of Sucre increased from 6.71 years in 2001 to 8.09 years in
2010. Bahia de Caraquez parish shows the highest growth in schooling of the canton.
The variation is 1.53 years.

According to the health diagnosis statistics of Sucre canton, carried out by the technical
team of Sucre municipality GAD in the parishes, the most common diseases affecting the
population are: parasitism, acute respiratory diseases, acute diarrheal diseases,
dermatophytosis, high blood pressure, urinary tract infection, contact dermatitis and
others. These health conditions are present in general. However, these can be

11
(INEC 2010) Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censo (National Institute of Statistics and Census)
12
PD and OT of Sucre Canton. Go to:
http://app.sni.gob.ec/snilink/sni/PORTAL_SNI/data_sigad_plus/sigadplusdocumentofinal/sucre.pdf
9
worsened both in summers, due to permanent dust caused by poor conditions of the
roads, and in winters, especially due to acute respiratory infections (A.R.I.).
Furthermore, not all households have a water supply that is suitable for human
consumption, only 47.35% benefit from this service. Moreover, there is an inadequate
disposal of human excreta and garbage, since only 26.96% and 73.70% respectively
have the appropriate services. Deficiencies in these services affect the health of the
population and the environment, where children living in rural areas are considered to
be the most affected. (GAD Sucre, 2014)

Table 4. Self-identification in Canton Level - Sucre
Self-identification as per Cases Percentage %

their Culture and
Traditions
Mestizo 45,027 78.77
Montubio 5,271 9.22
Afro Ecuadorian 3,985 6.97
White 2,578 4.51
Indigenous 71 0.12
others 227 0.40
Total 57,159 100
Source: GAD Sucre 2015 PDYOT (Development and Land Ordering Plan of Manabi) - INEC data

After two high impact earthquakes and one El Niño event in a 20-year period, the
condition of the population in these neighborhoods is considered as quite vulnerable
and urban poverty is evident.

2.6 Geographical Location and Territorial Impact

The Project will serve FANCA 1, 2, 3 and 4, the Divino Niño and Los Jardines
neighborhoods that are located in the Parish of Leonidas Plaza, the Canton of Sucre, of
the Province of Manabi.
Bahía de Caráquez
Fanca

Graph 3. Satellite Image of Bahia de Caraquez
10
In the above satellite image, it can be seen that FANCA neighborhoods are located on the
south and east side of Bahia de Caraquez, within the natural and geographic
environment of the Rio Chone Estuary and Balsamo mountain range. It is important to
point out that this area was used to relocate more than 4,000 families affected by the
earthquake and El Niño Event. As a flat mudflow had transformed the site, it was the
safest place to be in, for the neighborhoods located on the edge of the mountain range
or on the hills were vulnerable places with high risk.

FANCA NEIGHBORHOODS

Graph 4. Satellite Image of FANCA Slums
The image above shows the proximity of the oxidation ponds to the resettlement areas
of those affected by the disaster. In addition to poverty due to unmet basic needs, this
location catalyzes health problems in the population. Additionally, the odors cause
impact on the quality of life of those living in FANCA.

In the image below, the location of EcoBahia Social Action Foundation ecological club
can be observed within the heart of FANCA. The club has an area of over 10,764.9 ft2 and
its facilities contain a large hall, 2 classrooms, baths and showers (4), an area for
nurseries and for outdoor artisan craft exhibitions.

11
Ecoclub in
Fanca

Graph 5. Satellite Image of the Ecologic Club Location, EcoBahia Social Action Foundation
The territorial impact of the project in the medium and long term provides opportunities
for strengthening the social and economic fabric of the population in Bahia de Caraquez.
The products will provide desired effects to the people directly involved in the project
(of the poverty-stricken neighborhoods). It is important to propose a long range project
or a supplementary one, as the groups that will be trained shall cover a great amount of
target population, mainly if the Divino Niño and Los Jardines neighborhoods are
considered.

Community resilience has been addressed across multiple disciplines, including
environmental science, engineering, sociology, psychology and economics. Interest in
community resilience gained momentum after several natural and human hazards
occurred in the United States and around the world. There is no available comprehensive
model of community resilience up to date that encompasses the performance of all
physical and socio-economic components from the immediate impact to the recovery
phase of a natural disaster.

3. Linkage with Planning

3.1 Alignment of the Organizational Strategic Plan

The Project is aligned to institutional objectives and provisions of the regulation
framework in force stemming from legal and constitutional rules defined by the Ministry
of Social and Economic Inclusion of Ecuador (MIES).

The institutional strategic objectives are:

12
• Increasing the access and quality of social inclusion services with emphasis on
the priority attention groups and the population that is living in poverty or
vulnerability in order to reduce the existing gaps.
• Increasing the integral development of the population that require social
inclusion services during their life cycle, as well as, the co-responsibility of
families and communities linked to services provided by MIES.
• Increasing prevention interventions in the area of special protection for
population susceptible to suffering violation of rights.
• Increasing economic inclusion of population experiencing poverty by
strengthening Popular and Solidary Economy (EPS) from a territorial
perspective, coordination with stakeholder networks of EPS and insertion in the
modified production matrix, as a mechanism for overcoming inequalities.
• Increasing the upward mobility of people and families in vulnerability conditions
and extreme poverty by monetary transfers and strengthening of their capacities
to fulfill a life project that enables them to change their poverty situation.

3.2 . Contribution of the Project to the Goal of the National Development Plan

The Project “Strengthening Community Resilience through Integral Human Development
for Families at High Psychosocial Risk” will contribute to fulfill Axes 1 and 2 of the 2017
– 2021 National Development Plan called Rights for All During Their Lifetime and
Economy at the Service of Society, and specifically, the following goals that encompassed
in the National Development Objectives:

Axis 1: Rights for All during Their Lifetime

• Objective 1: To Guarantee a Dignified Life With Equal Opportunities for All

The project contributes to the fulfillment of Objective 1 through the provision of training
and equitable opportunities that significantly supports the progressive reduction of
poverty while allowing access to knowledge and information, and enabling participation
in community discussions and decisions.

It also contributes with medical coordination programs to support mental health of
those living in FANCA. Significant assistance is required to manage the increasing
problems such as depression and anxiety related disorders, and post-traumatic stress
stemming from the earthquake, that limit and condition the potential a society has for
development.

Additionally, the objective of EcoBahia Social Action Foundation programs is to end
mistreatment, exploitation, trafficking and all type of violence against children, as this is
critically important for their physical and social mental well-being, and their future
development.

Within the different actions of the Project, emphasis will be put on priority assistance of
vulnerable groups, together with prevention of drug abuse. Control, treatment,
rehabilitation and safe use of the problematic consumption, under the scope of rights
and a scientific-evidence basis, will be taken into consideration.
13

In future, part of the Foundation’s programs will focus their attention on vulnerability
reduction by promoting an integral risk management scope that emphasizes risk
identification and analysis, use of prevention and mitigation measures, financial
protection by transferring or withholding risks, and preparation and actions for later
stages of attention, rehabilitation and reconstruction.

• Objective 3: To Guarantee Nature Rights for Current and Future Generations

The ecological emphasis of the National Development Plan proposes a change in the
country’s production and energy matrix as a basis for employment and wealth
generation, reduction of GHG emissions that cause climate change, and to guarantee the
conservation and maintenance of our natural heritage. On this basis, the programs of
environmental awareness are the main component of this project.

A collective effort will be proposed to reactivate the actions that started back in 1998
with Bahia Eco-city, in order to achieve a balance in the sustainable use of natural
resources and urban development.

The project acknowledges the need of fostering environmental education in such a way
that the population can participate in solving the issue of environmental deterioration.

Axis 2: Economy at the Service of Society

• Objective 5: To Promote Productivity and Competitiveness for Sustainable
Economic Growth in a Solidary and Redistributive Fashion

The Project will pursuit this objective and support training programs for the inhabitants
of these vulnerable neighborhoods. The new knowledge will allow their insertion in
productive value chains, improving their competitiveness and the inclusion of small
entrepreneurs as well. Education provides opportunities to all ages and brings the
necessary knowledge, skills and confidence to shape a better future.

Disasters destroy or hinder the lives and livelihoods of this slum population, which
contributes to local economy through the consumption of goods or by means of
production and services that create their own employments. Driving family economies
based on adequate use of natural resources will be put forward, especially if working in
rural areas with products going to urban areas. The result of their work is to keep
balance with nature and incorporate added value to products in higher quantities and
with better quality.

14
4. Logical Framework Matrix
4.1. General and Specific Objectives

General Objective:

The general objective is to strengthen community resilience through integral human
development for children, adolescents and parents in the slums of Bahia de Caraquez
(FANCA, Divino Niño and Los Jardines), collaborative work skills, peaceful conflict
resolution within families, neighborhoods and communities, in addition to, individual
skills for labor and economic integration, learning/strengthening ethical values,
conserving nature by means of sustainable use of resources, and promoting people's
mental health in a post-earthquake environment in such a way that a better quality of
life can be achieved by 2023.

Specific Objectives:

ü Designing and implementing an updated diagnosis in slum neighborhoods.
ü Developing community capacity to cope with adversity by providing the
necessary skills with simple and creative solutions in infrastructure, health,
risk management, community organization, and local and international lobbying.
ü Developing individual skills in slum population for work insertion and
productive linkages.
ü Promoting integral human development in children and adolescents by
delivering learning-skill tools that improve their daily quality of life in
extracurricular scholar spheres.
ü Strengthening capacities and socio-organizational management of population in
slum neighborhoods.
ü Raising awareness in ethical and environmental values.
ü Raising awareness in alcohol and psychoactive substance abuse in population.
ü Improving community capacities for important themes such as peaceful conflict
resolution.
ü Improving community capacities to contribute to the eradication of extreme
poverty in their neighborhoods.
ü Furnishing the halls of EcoBahia Social Action Foundation Ecologic Club with
computers, chairs, tables and furniture.
ü Providing training in technological innovation for FANCA entrepreneurs.
ü Designing an indicator plan to measure community resilience.

4.2. Performance indicators

The purposeful outcome expected at the completion of the Project is described below:

ü Until 2023, intervention is to provide support to 500 families in slums, training
them by means of talks and workshops rendered by the EcoBahia Social Action
Foundation.
ü At least 80% of these families participate recurrently in trainings, talks and
events.
15

Methodology for Indicator Approach

Disaster resilience and recovery have been studied from a variety of perspectives
including sociology, policy implementation, decision-making, engineering, geography
and urban planning. Determining appropriate indicators of recovery and resilience is a
challenge.

Real pre-earthquake data is required to obtain correct measurements. However, an
updated diagnosis and implementation of indicator plan design within the project can
bring about useful actions to measure community resilience in case of future natural
disasters.

Graph 6 - First Christmas after the 7.8 Earthquake on the Richter Scale, EcoBahia Social Action
Foundation, FANCA Neighborhood
Photo: EcoBahia Social Action Foundation

16
4.3 Logical Framework

Table 5. Logical Framework Matrix
Narrative Summary of Objectives Objectively Verifiable Indicators Verification Means Assumptions

PURPOSE: Contributing to achieve a
harmonious coexistence and peace
culture that allows full psycho-
Until 2023, a teaching management system for The political engagement of Sucre
emotional development of families in
human integral development is implemented, to Integral Human Development Plan of GAD and donors is kept for the
Bahia de Caraquez slums (FANCA 1, 2,
be used in Sucre GAD and the rest of Sucre GAD management model developed by
3 and 4, Divino Niño and Los Jardines)
neighborhoods in the canton. EcoBahia Social Action Foundation.
in such a way that they can be prepared
for any catastrophic event impacting
the area.
PURPOSE: To strengthen community
resilience through integral human Until 2023, 500 families in the slums are to
development for children, adolescents receive support.
and parents in slums of Bahia de
Caraquez, through collaborative work
skills, peaceful conflict resolution in Program management reports.
families, neighborhoods and Baseline study. Donor agencies have allocated
communities, as well as, individual Mid-term evaluation. human and financial resources
skills for labor and economic insertion, At least 80% of these families frequently attend Final evaluation of the Project and its within their operational plans.
learning and strengthening ethical trainings, talks and events proposed by the programs.
values, nature conservation with Project.
sustainable use of resources, and
mental health rehabilitation of people
in a post-earthquake environment to
achieve better quality of life.
COMPONENT 1
To prepare the diagnosis in order to
have an updated baseline on the social The families of FANCA 1, 2, 3 and 4,
Diagnosis document of the slums FANCA 1, 2, 3
problem, educational needs, emotional Report on diagnosis. Divino Niño and Los Jardines
and 4, Divino Niño and Los Jardines.
stability, condition of family harmony, cooperate in collecting information.
work condition of the families in the
slums of Bahia de Caraquez: FANCA
17
1,2,3 and 4, Divino Niño and Los
Jardines.
Until 2023, 500 families in the slums will have

strengthened their knowledge and capacities to
face challenges due to deterioration of life quality.
Management report and program

Until 2023, 50 people will be trained and certified
COMPONENT 2 monitoring.
to share their knowledge with other slums in
Technical reports on monitoring.
Sucre Canton.
To implement the Integral Human Training records.
Development Program (IHD) for
The families in Bahia de Caraquez
families at high psychosocial risk, Until 2023, 250 will be free from alcohol and drug
slums, FANCA 1, 2, 3 and 4, Divino
which is part of the framework to abuse.
Niño and Los Jardines show interest
guarantee rights and prevent all types
in participating in comprehensive
of violence and psychosocial risks
associated with the use of tobacco, Agreements signed between EcoBahia training and education.
alcohol and other drugs, teenage Social Action Foundation and
pregnancy, motherhood and - Ministry of Economic and Social
fatherhood. Inclusion of Ecuador
Until 2023, 3 weekly workshops will be
- Ministry of the Environment of
implemented in EcoBahia Social Action
Ecuador
Foundation Ecologic Club.
- Ministry of Health of Ecuador.
Follow-up reports on integral
technical assistance.
Participants log.
COMPONENT 3 Agreements signed with trade

Until 2023, 40 new entrepreneurships would partners.
Programs for Individual Skills have been organized. Management reports and program The budget resources of the Program
Development to facilitate labor monitoring. are allocated in the amount needed
integration, productive and in a timely fashion.

entrepreneurship and technical
support for market linkage. Until 2023, at least 200 people will have decent
Validation of IRS - Ecuador.
jobs.
18
Until 2023, ten (10) workshops per year at least
will be held by EcoBahia Social Action Foundation Agreements with universities, Sacred
Ecologic Club. Heart of Jesus Congregation, Ministry
of Environment of Ecuador.
COMPONENT 4 Until 2023, at least 90% of the children and List of participants.
There is family and emotional
To implement the Program for the adolescents will have had the opportunity of Photographic records.
stability to allow youngster to attend
promotion of ethical values and travelling to reservation areas of the National Monitoring report of the Program.
workshops.
environmental conservation. System of Protected Areas. Trade Agreements.
Agreements with other
Until 2023, there are at least five (5) enterprises environmental and of social action
involved in paper recycling or other materials foundations.
that are being sold on the market.

Source: Strengthening Community Resilience through Integral Human Development for Families at High Psychosocial Risk Project
Preparation: EcoBahia Social Action Foundation

Table 6. Activity Budget for the Project.
Component Activities Budget Means of Verification Assumptions

Component 1. To develop a
diagnosis in order to have
an updated baseline on
social problems,
educational needs,
Diagnosis and mapping of families 1 Diagnosis Document
emotional stability, state of
in FANCA 1, 2, 3 and 4, Divino Niño with results and survey Sufficient and
family harmony,
and Los Jardines slums (including
$10,000.00 USD analysis. timely budget.
employment status of
surveys). 1 Mapping document.
families in the slums of
Bahia de Caraquez: FANCA
1,2,3 and 4, Divino Niño and
Los Jardines.

TOTAL COMPONENT 1 $ 10,000.00 USD
19
Seventy-two (72) workshops, talks List of participants.
Sufficient and
and conferences for children and $ 60,000.00 USD Final report on workshop
timely budget.
adolescents will be held. implementation.
Thirsty-six (36) workshops will be

held for strengthening capacities
and driving participation and List of participants.
Sufficient and
program accompaniment from $ 28,800.00 USD Final report on workshop
Component 2. timely budget
teachers working in schools where implementation.
the children and adolescents are
Implementing the Integral studying.
Human Development Thirty-six (36) Training Workshops
Program for families at high Agreements signed for
will be held with parents. The
psychosocial risk (IHD) ESIGEF Report [eSIGEF – Sufficient and
workshops intend to provide $ 28,800.00 USD
which is part of the Integral Financial timely budget
upbringing methods and improve
framework for Management System).
family performance.
guaranteeing rights and
Office equipment and furniture:
preventing all types of
Computers (20), printers (2),
violence and psychosocial
furniture (6), chairs (100), tables
risks associated with the
(100), projectors (2), LED screens Sufficient and
use of tobacco, alcohol and $ 75,000.00 USD Invoice Statement.
(2), blackboards and ancillary timely budget
other drugs, adolescent
material for classrooms in Ecobahia
pregnancy, motherhood
Social Action Foundation Ecology
and fatherhood
Club.
Integral accompaniment to children
and adolescents of participating
Cooperation agreements Sufficient and
families which includes food $ 50,000.00 USD signed. timely budget
provision during the
extracurricular period.

Specialized support for follow-up Sufficient and
and monitoring executed programs.
$ 72,000.00 USD Monitoring report and
timely budget
monthly monitoring.
20
Technical assistance in the labor
insertion process, productive List of entrepreneurs and
Sufficient and
linkage with entrepreneurial and $ 80,000.00 USD number of projects.
timely budget
social focus and commercial Monitoring reports.
Component 3 processes.
Developing an Individual Sufficient and
Skills Program for labor Investment in productive assets Co-financing agreements. timely budget
$ 80,000.00 USD
insertion and creation of through co-financing Transfer of resources.
productive enterprises,
access to financing and Sufficient and
Participation of families in financial List of participants. timely budget
technical support for their $ 20,000.00 USD
education processes. Monitoring report.
linkage to markets.
List of participants. Sufficient and
Production, promotion and
Final report on the timely budget
implementation of digital $ 36,000.00 USD
creation of spaces and
marketing spaces and platforms.
digital trade platforms.
Sufficient and
TOTAL COMPONENT 3 $ 216,000.00 USD timely budget
Component 4 Sufficient and
Resources for mobilization and Bus and van rental timely budget
$ 36,000.00 USD
livelihood (36 trips). contracts.
Implementing the Program
for Promotion of Ethical Sufficient and
Values and Environmental Thirty (30) environmental talks and List of participants. timely budget
$ 25,000.00 USD
Conservation. workshops. Monitoring report.

TOTAL BUDGET FOR ACTIVITIES CORRESPONDING $ 601,600.00 USD
TO THE 4 COMPONENTS

Source: Strengthening Community Resilience through Integral Human Development
for Families at High Psychosocial Risk Project
21

4.3.1 Annualization of Purpose Indicator Goals

Table 7. Annualization Matrix of Purpose Indicator Goals.
Weighted
Measuring Purpose Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4
Purpose Indicator Percent- Total
Unit Target age (%) (2021) (2022) (2023) (2024)
Indicator 1:
Until 2023,
intervention would Number of
provide support to 500 50 80 160 160 100 500
families
500 families in the
slums, training and
creating awareness
through talks, Annual Cumulative Target 80 240 400 500
workshops and
training provided Annual Weighted Target 8.00% 16.00% 16.00% 10.00% 50%
by the Foundation.
Indicator 2:
At least, 80% of Number of
80% 50 12% 26% 26% 16% 80
these families families
frequently attend
trainings, talks and
events.
Annual Cumulative Target 12 38 64 80
Annual Weighted Target 7,50% 16,25% 16,25% 10,00% 50%


22
5. Integral Analysis

5.1. Technical Viability

The selected slums of Bahia de Caraquez are FANCA 1, 2, 3 and 4, Divino Niño and Los
Jardines. They share the same issues that deteriorate the social capital of its population.
These issues include very high levels of unmet basic needs, extreme poverty, high levels
of drug and alcohol abuse, high levels of unemployment, and high levels of crime, which
in turn affect the rest of the population in Sucre canton.

In this sense, the proposal presents the Integral Human Development (IHD) for families
at high psychosocial risk as part of the framework for guaranteeing rights and
preventing all types of violence and psychosocial risks associated with the consumption
of tobacco, alcohol and other drugs, and teenage pregnancy, motherhood and
fatherhood. For implementing it in a community, the project refers to the proposal of life
skills developed and promoted by the World Health Organization (WHO) in Latin
America and the Caribbean since 1993. It is a process of systematization and
consolidation of a series of theories and work methodologies that have shown to
strengthen the ways in which people - individually and in groups - positively deal with
challenges and adversities of daily life when they develop skills especially related to
emotional and social development.

Without Components 1 (diagnosis) and 2 (Integral Human Development Program), the
other components and its activities could not take effect. Consequently, the community
cannot be improved without focusing from the inception on human values, family
cohesion and mental health risks among other factors. Without this focus, the
community cannot progress and be part of the employment sector, receive financial
information and markets, or even receive credits. What is more, there may be a chance
that they use credit or co-financing resources to continue consuming illegal and health
harming substances.

The Integral Human Development (IHD) promotes cultural, economic, political, social
and spiritual well-being for all. The IHD concept makes reference to the goals we want
to promote and the process of advancing together in solidarity towards these goals. At
the same time, it is a concept that concurs with the objectives of social improvement and
human quality as intended by the national government, the Ministry of Education of
Ecuador and the Ministry of Social Inclusion of Ecuador (MIES) among other institutions.

With reference to integral human development, Pope Paul VI introduced the concept of
integral development in his 1967 Populorum Progressio Encyclical:

Development cannot only be limited to economic growth. In order for it to be
authentic, it should be complete, integral, i.e., it has to promote good for each and
every man.

More recently, Pope Benedict XVI said:

23
Peace cannot be a mere word or vain aspiration. Peace is a commitment and a way
of life that demands that everyone's legitimate aspirations be met, such as access to
food, water and energy, medicine and technology, or even monitoring of climate
change. Only in this way, we can build the future for humanity; only in this way, we
can facilitate an integral development valid for today and tomorrow.

5.1.1. Description of Project Engineering.

To fulfill the proposed objectives, the Project intends to execute four (4) Components
which are interrelated: [1] Diagnosis [2] Integral Human Development Program [3]
Individual Skills Development Program for labor integration [4] Implementing the
program to promotion ethical values and environmental conservation.

5.1.1.1 Component 1. - Preparation of the Diagnosis

The objective of the first component is to make a diagnosis and have an updated baseline
on the social problem, educational needs, emotional stability, family harmony status and
working conditions of the families in the slums of Bahia de Caraquez. For implementing
this component, one activity has been considered, namely, the diagnosis and mapping of
families in FANCA 1, 2, 3 and 4, Divino Niño and Los Jardines slums.

5.1.1.1.1 Activity: Diagnosis and Mapping of Families in FANCA 1, 2, 3 and 4,
Divino Niño and Los Jardines Slums

The diagnosis is made by means of collecting quantitative and qualitative data regarding
social and health conditions, supply of services identifying problems and potentialities,
analysis of stakeholders, which in a participative way contributes to prioritize and
analyze problems and needs. This is the basis for the intervention of the Foundation. The
stakeholder and family mapping contributes to the diagnosis of a situation taking into
account the words of stakeholders themselves, and it is a tool that facilitates negotiation
and monitoring of agreements between local and external parties.

5.1.1.2 Component 2. - Integral Human Development Program (IHD)

Approximately six million of 0 to 17-year old children and adolescents live in Ecuador,
representing 35% of the total population of the country (INEC, 2017). The demographic
pyramid shows a reduction in its base, which implies there are less 0 to 4-year old
children. Ten years ago, this group was a majority in the 18-year old and under age
group; nowadays, they represent 28%, while 5 to 11-year old children are in
considerable number representing 39% of the total. The remaining 33% are adolescents
between the ages of 12 to 17 years old (INEC, 2017).

This program seeks to facilitate and accompany families or pre-established populations
with an integral human development scope on children and adolescents and to equip
them with learning skill tools that will improve their quality of daily life in out-of-school
settings. In other words, the goal is to promote a criterion and behavior that will help
them develop their common criteria in order to guarantee the right of children and
24
adolescents to a violence-free life and to fully develop their potential. The aim is to
achieve a harmonious coexistence and a culture of peace to encourage a complete
psycho-emotional development. In this sense, it is necessary to point out that the
Integral Human Development project is part of a series of strategies and mechanisms
oriented towards these goals, as are the Codes of Coexistence.

In order for the Codes of Coexistence to really become a tool that fosters the needed
conditions to build a violence-free community, we need children, adolescents, adults and
teachers in general to know what pleases them or not, and decision-making to achieve
personal and collective common good goals. Therefore, this program presents concepts,
implementation methodology and suggested activities per age group in order for the
target population to have effective and integral human development tools.

It also provides detailed information that shows that integral human development cross-
cutting skills are among the criterion-related skills. In this way, it is possible to
acknowledge that learning life skills can take up more space in everyday life. From the
social and coexistence perspective, we are facing a radically different generation with
disruptive behavioral patterns, and thus the upbringing models must be redesigned.
This is why parents and educators are directly involved in the project. Motivational and
open talks will be given to parents, teachers and youngsters (in accordance to the pre-
established population). These talks will have as their theme content, training and social
and behavioral issues according to the information collected and interpreted in the
previous evaluation and surveys.

For the execution of the Integral Human Development Program component, the
following activities have been considered: [1] Talks and conferences for children and
adolescents, [2] Training for parents in parenting methodologies, [3] Capacity
strengthening for teachers’ participation, [4] Equipment for the Integral Human
Development Program.

5.1.1.2.1 Activity: Talks and Conferences for Children and Adolescents

During the period 2021 to 2024, seventy-two (72) workshops, talks and conferences will
be held for children and adolescents with the aim of achieving integral human
development. From the school training standpoint, education should refocus on the
development of human beings with cross-cutting skills and not just focus on delivering
specific knowledge, also known as hard skills. Today´s world and that of the near future,
demand integral human beings with socio-affective skills, with capacity to solve conflicts
and provide creative ideas in order to find normal or critical solutions with self-
awareness and self-assessment skills, in such a way that they can build their self-esteem
under their criterion and traditions, thereby valuing their bodies, lives, and culture; and,
empathizing to start thinking about common good, valuing others and tolerating
differences. These characteristics, among many of the differentiating factors of the
people we must educate, will be desirable in a labor market or in a coexistence
environment. Today, companies hire people who are willing to handle conflicts with
customers and are friendly. They look for individuals with the ability to provide creative
ideas and do teamwork. This is why, the educational approach puts more emphasis on
these skills, and consequently, it encourages them in young people. They will receive
workshops and open forums to learn about their points of view and to encourage the
25
development of their own criterion. Youngsters will have days to apply the project
through group work, coexistence days and participation in events planned with the
community.

5.1.1.2.2 Activity: Training for Parents in Parenting Methodologies.

Thirty-six (36) training workshops with parents will be held, seeking to provide
methodologies for raising and improving family performance. As mentioned before, we
are facing a radically different generation with disruptive behavioral patterns, so
upbringing models must be redesigned and parents must be directly involved in the
project. The project seeks that the upbringing model and authority at home be more in
tune with the new way of thinking and behavior of youngsters. Repeating parenting
models is a mistake, so the principle of "this is how I was raised and this is how I will
raise you" is no longer valid. New concepts must be introduced and the needs, abilities,
dreams and expectations of young people must be better understood. With this project,
parents and educators will get to know new methods, and develop models of parenthood
or upbringing more in accordance with their realities. These workshops will have
support material such as brochures. There will be motivational talks open to parents.

5.1.1.2.3 Activity: Capacity Strengthening for Teachers’ Participation

To accompany the program, thirty-six (36) workshops will be carried out for capacity
strengthening; teachers from the schools where children and adolescents study will be
encouraged to participate. The selected teachers will attend training workshops
contributing to support this project from their classrooms. There will periodical
evaluations of knowledge, criteria and skills.

5.1.1.2.4 Activity: Equipment for IHD Program

The objective of this activity is to equip the EcoBahia Social Action Foundation Ecologic
Club hall and classrooms with computers (20), printers (2), furniture (6), mattresses (4),
pillows (10), chairs (100), tables (100), blackboards (4), projectors (2), internet
equipment (2), LED screens (2) and school supplies (paper, flip charts, pencils, pens and
markers). Students in poor schools have less access to the majority of technologies than
those students attending schools in big cities. Likewise, digital connectivity can be found
in just a few classrooms that have internet access. Using computers to learn and write
are considered nowadays basic needs. Coping with the social and emotional situation
created by the stress of living in slums is challenging; therefore, EcoBahia Social Action
Foundation believes that a special place should be created in school rooms for
extracurricular classes, in order for children to rest there when they are upset, annoyed
or need to calm down. This space shall have a tranquil atmosphere and could include
comfortable cushions to sit down, noise-cancelling headphones, a fish tank, everyday
materials, relaxing pictures and, or, books discussing peace. Digital technology also is a
plus for parents and teachers when receiving their talks and trainings.

5.1.1.2.5 Activity: Comprehensive Accompaniment for Participants

Within this activity, the comprehensive accompaniment for children and adolescents
contemplates that coordinators and technicians use simple forms to integrate socio-
26
emotional learning when they attend the ecological club in the afternoons. These forms
include the recognition that socio-emotional education is an important factor to help
students develop important skills that go beyond the academic aspect. The
accompanying level should enhance capacities to strengthen resilience in order to
overcome failures or facing other natural events that they or their families may have in
life. Technical assistance is recommended, it should be
given by coordinators with good educational level. Also, food for children and
adolescents should be given during the talks, conferences and trainings they attend.

5.1.1.2.6 Activity: Specialized Accompaniment for Follow-Up and Monitoring of
Implemented Programs

In the foundation, it is necessary to have a board and contributions coming from
different individuals and institutions for all its activities, in addition to a full-time
coordinator working there. This professional shall be in charge of the administrative and
operational supervision of, both the club and the project, as well as, its yearly programs
and scheduled activities, while ensuring that children and adolescents are kept safe in
its facilities, under constant supervision and accounted for. He or she shall know what is
appropriate for the development of the attendees, shall state limits for consistent
behavior and uses positive discipline techniques. Furthermore, the professional should
plan and implement proper activities that follow a clear and consistent daily routine or
schedule.

The coordinator shall ensure that the configuration of Club areas are stimulating,
appealing and fulfill national regulations. He or she shall verbally communicate with
parents on a daily basis and provide them with a weekly report that includes
information on events, activities and lessons schedules of the Club. Whenever new staff
members or volunteers join in, they should be trained in the appropriate practices for
developing daily operational procedures.

5.1.1.3 Component 3. - Development of Individual Skills

The first objective of the Agenda for Sustainable Development states that poverty shall
be ended in all its forms in the world. One of SDGs is:

“By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and
reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other
economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters".

The objective of this component is to develop the Individual Skills Program for labor
integration and the creation of productive entrepreneurships, access to financing and
technical support for linkage to markets, and hence, building a financial resilience. This
component has 4 activities which are: [1] Technical assistance in the process of labor
insertion, productive linkages with a business, social and commercial processes
approach. [2] Investment in productive assets through co-financing [3] Participation of
families in financial education processes [4] Production, promotion and implementation
of digital trade spheres and platforms.

27

5.1.1.3.1 Activity: Technical Assistance in the Process of Labor Insertion,
Productive Linkages with Business, Social and Commercial Processes Approach

This activity promotes entrepreneurship culture, financial education and use of
information technologies for youngsters between 13 and 17 years old. It also gives
parents a productive manner to spend afternoons or evenings participating in talks and
trainings to learn and develop new skills that will be useful for organizing a company,
continuing their studies and/or generating formal economic activities. Certain
components entail having experts and professionals from different work sectors that
would share their knowledge with attendees. One of the objectives is to support
youngsters and adults with limited resources and/or in risk situation to face daily
challenges of the labor market and the world of entrepreneurship.

5.1.1.3.2 Activity: Investment in Productive Assets through Co-Financing

Jun Rentschler13 in his research document states “Why resilience matters. The impacts
of disasters in poverty", disasters (for example, those caused by earthquakes, storms or
flooding) have a negative impact on income levels and human capital of poor
households. A reduction in any of them can cause a reduction of the other, thus creating
a poverty trap. The creation of resilience is essential for reducing disaster impacts and
limiting the short-term damages. To prevent or mitigate such consequences, it is
fundamental to strengthen resilience poor households.

This activity intends to provide support to the poorest families that have feasible ideas
of micro-businesses but lack the financing for their entrepreneurship. Classes on how to
prepare a business plan reduce risks, control costs and markets will be provided to
remedy the situation. Through the co-financing granted by the Foundation, it is intended
to secure the insertion of the of entrepreneurs’ products in the value chain.

5.1.1.3.3 Activity: Participation of Families in Financial Education Processes

People living in poverty levels in developing countries share the same objective of all
individuals: Economic security for them, their families and future generations. The main
difference is that they have less resources and opportunities than others. Education is
one of the opportunities they lack.

The objective of financial education should be to improve the financial performance and
well-being, educate parents to incorporate ways of building individual and community
financial resilience. It has been shown that financial education improves expectations of
the people working on their future financial situation, which will help them to become
more financially resilient.

This activity consists in developing training tools and materials in two tiers. [1] The first
tier is developing materials and teaching guides for financial education in order to
13
Rentschler, J. 2013. Why Resilience Matters. The Poverty Impacts of Disasters. The World Bank. Global
Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery, Office of the Chief Economist. Sustainable Development
Network. See in: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/613071468159301542/pdf/WPS6699.pdf
28
prepare trainers and teachers so they can provide this education. [2] The second tier is
materials and financial education guides to be used by trainers in order to provide
financial education to different groups of persons, either individually or in groups. These
shall include learning techniques for adults, training modules and guides for group
training, supplemented with workbooks, interactive games, stories and exercises for the
development of individual financial education skills.

5.1.1.3.4 Activity: Production, Promotion and Implementation of Digital
Marketing Spaces and Platforms

Technologies, and particularly digital technologies, have played a vital role in
empowering people by giving them a voice, including the most vulnerable ones. They
are used to expand access to education and health, to evaluate and monitor health and
environmental risks, to connect persons inside and outside communities, and to operate
early warning systems. Technologies contribute to strengthen community resilience.

People need basic skills to use many of the solutions provided by new technologies for
developing community resilience. In general, this includes basic education and practical
knowledge, as well as, being familiar with technological devices. This activity consists of
several training elements: [1] Education in communication technologies. [2]
Technological capacities and entrepreneurial skills to place services and products in the
market. [3] Research of internet skills and establishing a benchmark.

5.1.1.4 Component 4. - Implementing Ethical Values Promotion and
Environmental Conservation Program

The basic strategy of this component is to promote ethical values and environmental
education. There will be workshops on environmental themes, starting with the design
of sustainable human habitats, sustainable urban models up to agriculture systems that
imitate the symbiotic relations that ecology finds in nature. Participants will learn how
to save materials, produce less waste and preserve natural resources. This component
has 2 activities, namely: [1] Ethical Values Promotion and Environmental Conservation.
[2] Transportation for environmental education field trips.

5.1.1.4.1 Activity: Promoting Ethical Values and Environmental Conservation

This activity has 2 sub-activities: the first one is the promotion of ethical values for life
and the second one is environmental education. Overall, within the community, there is
an increasing discussion regarding how children and adolescents acquire their values
and how they provide sense to values promoted by media and their peers. Parents and
family members are the main source of education in values for their children. There are
exceptions in persons when catastrophic events are experienced, as in the earthquake
of April 16 2016, where the loss of faith, property, employment, family members and
friends catalyzed emotional deterioration.

This sub-activity helps students to understand and be able to use values such as care and
compassion, make their best effort, do good, liberty, honesty and reliability, integrity,
respect and understating, and tolerance and inclusion.

29
When Ecobahia Social Action Foundation started working a decade ago, one of the main
activities was teaching ethical values to children weaved into environmental education.
UNESCO collects information from different workshops on environmental conservation,
where they explain that ethical values must be taken into account for the development
of environmental education programs14. Education and training programs help to
prepare a new generation of environmental leaders and offer critical knowledge to
communities in order for them to make better environmental and health decisions, to
propose policies for sustainable development and common good of the population.
Experts in both fields of knowledge will be invited to provide training in 36 workshops
for children, adolescents, parents and teachers who are interested in these topics.

5.1.1.4.2 Activity: Transportation for Environmental Field Trips

Field trips are a popular method to present concepts, ideas and experiences to students
that normally cannot be taught in a classroom environment. This is especially true when
dealing with environmental education. This activity contemplates several field visits to
get to know the National System of Protected Areas of Ecuador and sustainable
entrepreneurships that are a model in the fields of tourism, farming, forestry and
aquaculture among others. Financial resources will be required to rent buses or vans
for these educational field trips.
5.2. Financial and Fiscal Viability
This does not apply as the Project will not generate financial gains.
5.3 . Economic Viability

5.3.1. Methodologies Used for the Calculation of Total Investment, Operating
and Maintenance Costs, Revenues and Profits
Total Investment:
The calculation of total investment corresponds to the total sum of all the activities
established in each component.

To calculate investment per activity, different variables will be considered:
ü To calculate the diagnosis value, quotes were obtained to have a referential value.
ü To calculate the cost of talks and trainings, quotes were requested to specialists
in order to get a referential value.
ü To calculate the cost of Integral Human Development, promotion of ethical values
and environmental conservation workshops, referential values in The Province
of Manabi were considered.
ü To calculate investment in co-financing, manuals and regulations established by
IEPS (Special Production and Services Tax) for granting financial resources were
used as reference.
14
UNESCO - UNEP International Environmental Education Program (1985). Guide on Environmental Values
Education. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000066413/PDF/066413engo.pdf.multi
30
ü To calculate specialized accompaniment programs, proposals were revised for
salaries of the technical and administrative personnel which will allow the
execution, follow-up, monitoring and evaluation of the project.
ü To calculate investment in equipment, commercial values of retail sales were
used.
ü To calculate operational costs, mainly for participant transportation during the
field trip program, we used the values charged by transportation cooperatives,
tour operators and transport companies.
ü In short, investment will be used for integral strengthening of family and
entrepreneurships, specialized accompanying processes that allow generation of
community resilience in slums FANCA 1, 2, 3 and 4, Divino Niño and Los Jardines.

5.3.2. Identification and Valuation of Total Investment, Operational and
Maintenance Costs and Revenues
Total Investment:
The total investment for the 4-year Project is USD $ 601,600.00 as per the following
breakdown:

Table 8. Total Investment of the Project per Component
COMPONENTS/ITEMS TOTAL USD %

C1: Making a diagnosis with an
updated baseline on the social
problems, educational needs,
emotional stability, condition of
family harmony, work condition of
$ 10,000.00 1.66%
families of Bahia de Caraquez
slums - FANCA 1, 2, 3 and 4, Divino
Niño and Los Jardines.
C2: Implementing the Integral
Human Development Program for
families in high psychosocial risk
(IHD) that is included in the
framework for guaranteeing rights
and prevention of all types of $ 314,600.00 52.3%
violence and psychosocial risks
associated with consumption of
tobacco, alcohol and other drugs,
early pregnancy, maternity and
paternity in adolescents.
C3: Developing the Individual
Skills Program for labor
integration and creation of
productive entrepreneurships, $ 216,000.00 35.9%
access to financing and technical
accompaniment for linkage with
markets.
C4: Implementing the Promotion
of ethical values and
environmental conservation
$ 61,000.00 10.14%
program.
Total Project: Strengthening of
$ 601,600.00 100.00%
Community Resilience
31

Source: Strengthening Community Resilience through Integral Human Development for Families at

Operation and Maintenance Costs:

For calculating operational and maintenance costs, the salary of staff members were
considered in accordance to their occupational group and activity,

Income:

Valued Benefits:

Benefit 1: Costs that are Avoided by Saving on Community Resilience Preparation

The benefits for the population of the FANCA 1, 2, 3 and 4, Divino Niño and Los Jardines
slums are more valuable than the 2021-2024 investment or costs that this project
proposal has. Having the population ready and resilient to adapt and solve problems
and/or conflicts after a disaster is nominal. The difference between the present value of
benefits and the present value of costs implies that this proposed project has an outcome
of greater value due to the benefits that will be obtained in the medium and long-term
for the whole social and community resilience system. The resilience of a system
corresponds to its ability to reduce both the magnitude and duration of the deviation
(per disruptive events such as a big earthquake) as efficiently as possible with the
performance levels of the usual system.

Social benefits were estimated on the basis of prioritized services for the well-being of
users. These will be provided by the foundation and will be prioritized via several
interventions or actions that will avoid certain costs. The savings that any person in the
slums will have related to risk reduction of disasters and hazards is considered a benefit
linked to this Project. Mitigation investments are numerous, significant and
demonstrably valuable.

They include:
• Physical and human benefits
• Social benefits
• Environmental benefits

These benefits can be valued accordingly in:

Physical and Human Benefits

Benefits Valued on the Basis of Drug-dependence Treatment Avoidable Costs

32
The avoidable costs for not having to spend on medical assistance for alcohol and drugs
addiction is the first benefit valued. This benefit is based on the drug phenomenon cost
data of Ecuador, published in 2017 by the Technical Secretariat of Drugs, in which the
assistance costs for the public and private sectors are estimated.

In order to calculate the cost of medical care in public sector treatment centers, a value
of USD 17.37 was determined based on the Cost Analysis of Specialized Treatment
Centers for Individuals with Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse (CETAD), prepared by the
Project for the Creation and Implementation of the Community Mental Health Network
services and State Addiction Recovery Centers. The average cost of care in the public
sector is US$17.37 per person per day15, which adds up to US$3,126 per person if an
average 6-month treatment is to be imparted.

Marijuana consumption can lead to a problematic growth of marijuana consumption,
known as marijuana use disorder, which takes the form of addiction in severe cases.
Recent data suggests that 30 percent of marijuana users may have some degree of
marijuana use disorder. Individuals who begin using marijuana before they turn 18
years old are four to seven times more likely to develop marijuana use disorder than
adults16.

When analyzing the surveys in FANCA of 231 persons17, the most revealing fact in the
surveys is that 97.4% have tried marijuana and 12% have tried cocaine and base. If this
data is accounted for, a scenario with 500 families having the opportunity to participate
Strengthening Community Resilience through Integral Human Development for
Families at High Psychosocial Risk project is calculated. It would be necessary to analyze
the data from specialized institutions on how many people who try marijuana become
dependent.

According to Budney, A. J., Roffman, R., Stephens, R. S., & Walker, D. (2007)18, about 9%
of those who try marijuana develop dependence compared to 15% of those who try
cocaine and 24% of those trying heroin. If we take into account that the survey showed
that the percentage of individuals who tried marijuana is 97.4%, and if in addition, we
consider a conservative scenario where 2 persons from each of the 500 participating
families try marijuana (it can even be more according to the surveys), we would think
that 9% of 1,000 people would be addicted to this drug, in other words, 90 individuals.

15
STD (2017) Cost of drug phenomenon in Ecuador in 2015. Technical Secretariat for Drugs.
http://www.cicad.oas.org/oid/pubs/EconomicCostofDrugsEcuador2015ESP.pdf
16
National Institute on Drug Abuse. See in:
https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/marijuana/marijuana-addictive
17
Survey in FANCA to 231 persons prepared in context of Proyecto Esperanza. Report provided by MSc. Dan
Gheorgitas. Surveys made in situ with Students of Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí (ULEAM).
18
Budney, A. J., Roffman, R., Stephens, R. S., & Walker, D. (2007). Marijuana Dependence and its Treatment.
Addiction Science & Clinical Practice, 4(1), 4–16. doi:10.1151/ascp07414
33
Table 9. Benefit Valued by Avoiding Costs of Medical Treatment Due to Marijuana
Dependence
Number of Daily cost 6-month cost Total Savings

persons to be
assisted
90 17.37 USD 3,126.00 USD 281,340 USD

and data from the Drugs Technical Secretariat.

Benefits Valued of Avoidable Costs due to Drug Abuse Work Absenteeism

This valued benefit deals with a laid-off workforce because they are consumers: average
monthly salary multiplied by recuperation period (1 year minimum). The following
figures indicated the loss of work productivity due to absenteeism.

Table 10. Benefit Valued By Avoiding Costs of Work Absenteeism Due to Marijuana
Consumption
Number of Minimum Wage Total for 12 Total savings

persons months
90 400.00 USD 4,800.00 USD 432,000.00 USD

and data from the Drugs Technical Secretariat.

Benefits Valued by Avoiding Early Pregnancy in Adolescents

This project aims to strengthen community and family resilience. Communication,
socialization and education through the programs that will be implemented, allowing
the promotion of intra-family dialogue. Goal 3.7 of SDG 3 states that universal access to
sexual and reproductive health services, including family planning, information and
education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and
programs should be guaranteed until 203019.

According to OSE (Social Observatory of Ecuador), the question posed to a group of adult
men and women in the cities of Quito and Guayaquil during the February 2018 Quantum
Survey (Quantum-Kantar, 2018): ¿Why do you think there are so many teenage
pregnancies? The answer revealed that a majority of 71% - with no marked differences
between Quito and Guayaquil- thought it was due to the lack of confidence of talking to
19
Observatorio Social del Ecuador (2018). Situation of children and adolescents in Ecuador. A look through
the ODS
34
their parents. The Social Observatory of Ecuador report also shows that in the province
of Manabí (where the programs of this project are focused), out of 1,000 adolescents, 57
become pregnant.

Enriching sex education programs with an comprehensive vision of sexuality, promoting
self-esteem in children, adolescents and young people, both inside and outside of school,
and intra-family communication will lead them to achieving their life project, by
delaying sexual debut, consequently, preventing adolescent pregnancy and sexually
transmitted diseases. Among the consequences of girls’ and teenage pregnancy are:
Permanent abandonment of the newborn or discontinuity in studies, lack of access to
formal work, deficient social insertion, poverty, little empowerment and participation of
adolescents, as well as, non-compliance with their life projects. Furthermore, there is up
to 4 times more risk of death during pregnancy, childbirth or postpartum in pregnant
women under 15 years old, or deaths related to abortion in unsafe conditions20. Mental
health problems such as depression and self-inflicted injuries e.g. pregnancy-related
suicide have been linked to adolescent pregnancy. Pregnancy in girls and adolescents
constitutes a social and public health problem, which is an evidence of inequality, social
injustice and a clear violation of human rights with an incalculable social, economic and
cultural impact.21

According to the World Health Organization, it is suggested that there should be eight
mandatory pregnancy control visits to ensure a lower likelihood of intrauterine fetal
death22. Taking into account the number of pregnancies per thousand adolescents (there
are 57 in Manabi), the assumption that 6% out of the 500 families would have an
adolescent with an early pregnancy - if they have not obtained the necessary guidance
to avoid it, is proposed for this project.

This helps to quantify the valued benefits that the population would have if no health
expenses related to pregnancy or gynecological check-ups are made. For this purpose,
the amount of 26 USD is taken as a baseline for the initial outpatient service, as
established in 2012, in service fees for the national health system23.

Table 11. Benefit Valued By Avoiding Costs Of Medical Treatment For Early Pregnancies
Number of Cost Total per person Total

persons to Per visit (8 visits) Savings
assisted
30 26 USD 208.00 USD 6,240.00 USD

Taken from data of the document of the Presidency of the Republic (2015)
20
Angélica Díaz, Pablo Sanhueza R NYB. Obstetric risk in adolescent pregnancy: a comparative study of
obstetric and perinatal results with pregnant adults. Rev chil Obs ginecol.
2002;67(2):481–6
21
Ministry of Education (2018) Cross-cutting polity for prevention of pregnancy in girls and adolescents.
Ecuador 2018-2025
22
WHO (2016) World Health Organization.
23
Presidency of the Republic of Ecuador (2015) - Project: “National Plan for the strengthening of the Family”.
https://www.presidencia.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2015/09/k_proyecto_plan_familia_2015.pdf
35
Project: “National Plan for Strengthening Families”.

According to the Inter-sectoral Policy for Pregnancy Prevention in Girls and Adolescents
of Ecuador24, pregnancy is among the causes for dropping out of school. Likewise, the
2015 Study for Costs Omission in SSR states that 6,487 adolescents abandoned their
studies due to pregnancy. More than half (56%) was in basic education, which adds to
a total of 36,871 years of lost schooling. The gaverage schooling lost per woman is 5.8
years, which is equivalent to 728.5 million dollars of lost income that these women
would have received if they had not abandoned studies before reaching higher
education25.

Table 12. Income Lost Due to School-Dropping Cases at Country Level
Drop-out level Cases Loss of Income Lost* USD

Schooling Without With discount
Years Discount
Basic education 3,641 25,488 $491,305,157 $208,977,662
Middle Education / 2,846 11,384 $237,200,743 $107,755,231
high school
Total 6,487 36,871 $728,505,900 $316,732,893

* Marginal income lost due to basic and intermediate level education drop-outs. This was calculated as the
difference between the annualized incomes extended throughout the work age, and the referred
schooling: higher level of education (it was assumed as the ideal level of schooling). Source: Prepared by
INSP-M consulting team based on ENDEMAIN (2004, ENSANUT (2012), and ENDEMAIN (2014). Ministry
of Public Health of Ecuador. SENPLADES, UNFPA, SENDAS (2017). Studies on Costs of Omission In Sexual
And Reproductive Health of Ecuador.
ENDEMAIN – Demographic Survey on Maternal and Child Health of Ecuador
ENSANUT – National Survey on Health and Nutrition of Ecuador

24
Ministry of Education of Ecuador (2018). Inter-sectoral Policy.
25
Ministry of Public Health of Ecuador. SENPLADES, UNFPA, SENDAS (2017). Studies on Costs Of
Omission in Sexual and Reproductive Health in Ecuador.
36
Graph II. 18. Expected Income for Employed Women between 15 and 64 Years Old, per
Age Group 2015
Income USD
Age Group
Elementary Education Middle/High School College
Age Groups: 1) 15 to 19, 2) 20 to 24, 3) 25 to 29, 4) 30 to 34, 5) 35 to 39, 6) 40 to 44, 7) 45 to 49. 8) 50 to

54 9)55 to 59, 10) 60-64
Source: INSP-M Consulting Team, based on data from ENEMDU (December 2015).
Graph 7. Expected Income for Employed Women, Ages 15-64, Per Age Group

To analyze the sample proposed in this Project, it is explained how calculations were
made in national cases and we propose to ascertain valued benefits as follows:

Out of the 30 cases of adolescents with no sexual health guidance that may be part of
this category (early pregnancy) and loss of schooling, in FANCA, Divino Niño and Los
Jardines slums, the following table can be forecasted:

Table 13. Annualized and Extended Income along the Working Age and Schooling Reference
Drop-out Level Cases Loss of Schooling Income Lost

Years USD
Basic Education 17 119 975,726.52
Middle/High 13 52 492,205.93
School
Total 30 171 1,467,932.45

Calculation based on data from Cost Study of Omission in SSR in 2015 Document

Thirty (30) cases of teenagers with forecasted pregnancies dropping their elementary
school and high school years imply a total income of 1,467,932.45 USD for the slums.
37
This figure represents what they would have received if they had not dropped out of
school before college and entered the labor market.

Benefits that Are Difficult to Value

According to Bohorquez H. (2019)26, there are other benefits that are difficult to value,
this is:
ü Genetic deterioration caused by drug abuse carries a future social cost. Children
of drug users are at higher risk of being born with mental and physical defects or
deficiencies, and are highly likely to become new drug users.
ü There is a cost in health and quality of life for the family and social environment.
ü Intra-family stress.
ü Health conditions in mothers and fathers.
ü When there is an addict in the family income is reduced as the addict is not
productive and labor of the family is disrupted.
ü Petty robbery within the family and sector is increased.
ü Increased interfamily and in surroundings violence.
ü Due to presence of drug consumers, interest in economy or commercial areas is
lost as businesses are a safety risk.
ü Reduced capital gain of real estate in those neighborhoods
ü It is difficult to sell or buy real estate there.

Some additional characteristics that cause poverty include low status and little qualified
employments, unstable family relations, illegitimacy, school drop-outs, high rates of
detentions, high incidence of mental disorders, poor physical health and high mortality
rates.

5.3.3 Economic Flow
Table 14. Financial Flow
Period Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4

Year 2021 2022 2023 2024
Real assisted population (2021- 320 640 640 400
2024)
Valued Benefits (US Currency) (a) $350,001.99 $700,003.98 $700,003.98 $437,502.49
Medical averted costs of drug $45,014.40 $90,028.80 $90,028.80 $56,268.00
addiction, avoided through the
implementation of the project‘s
programs.
Averted Costs of work $69,120.00 $138,240.00 $138,240.00 $86,400.00
absenteeism from marihuana
consumption, avoided through
26
Personal conversation with Dr. Hector Bohorquez, director of HB Group (January 2019).
http://www.hectorbohorquez.com/
38
the implementation of the
project’s programs.
Averted costs of medical visits $998.40 $1,996.80 $1,996.80 $1,248.00
for pregnant adolescents.
Averted costs of adolescent $234,869.19 $469,738.38 $469,738.38 $293,586.49
pregnancies due to loss of
annualized income and
extended along the work-life
through the implementation of
the project’s programs.
Expenditures (b) $134,485.66 $159,921.45 $170,754.78 $136,438.11
Investment
C1: To prepare the diagnosis $10,000.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00
and have an updated baseline of
the social problem, educational
needs, emotional stability,
condition of family harmony,
working condition of families in
Bahia de Caraquez’s FANCA 1,
2, 3 and 4, Divino Niño and Los
Jardines slums.
C2: Implementing the Integral $112,819.04 $73,338.10 $74,171.43 $54,271.43
Human Development Program
for families in high
psychosocial risk (IHD) that is
within the framework of
guaranteeing rights and
preventing all types of violence
and psychosocial risks
associated to tobacco, alcohol
and other drugs consumption,
pregnancy, maternity and
paternity in adolescents
C3: Developing Individual $8,333.30 $66,250.00 $76,250.00 $65,166.70
Skills Program for labor
productive entrepreneurships,
access to financing and
technical support for linking to
markets.
C4: Implementing the Program $3,333.32 $20,333.35 $20,333.35 $16,999.98
to promote ethical values and
environmental conservation.
Cash Flow (a-b) $215,516.33 $540,082.53 $529,249.20 $301,064.38
39
5.3.4 Fiscal Economic Indicators (IRR, NPV and CBR)

The economic indicators based on the valuation and quantification of benefits, applied
to the net cash flow -assuming a 12% of discount rate- is detailed hereunder:

Financial Indicators
NPV US$526,264.97
IRR 50%
Cost / Benefit Ratio 1.63

5.4 Environmental Viability and Social Sustainability
5.4.1. Analysis of Environmental Impact and Risks

The Project does not create any impact against the environment. The activities to be
executed are within CATEGORY 2: Projects that do not affect the environment, directly
or indirectly.

The program DOES NOT require environmental licenses for its implementation.

5.4.2. Social Sustainability

The EcoBahia Social Action Foundation is committed and determined to concretize the
institutional objectives, goals and projects with participatory policy-making and
inclusion of stakeholders involved, executing the necessary actions to strengthen the
resilience in the community and to improve the social conditions of the target groups,
promoting the development of social capital and having a better future scenario for
children and adolescents who can achieve the completion of their life projects.

The Project aims to generate strengths in the development of capacities of families of
FANCA, Divino Niño and Los Jardines slums. The years following the first earthquake
and El Niño event in 1998 has led the foundation to learn a lot from these neighborhoods
and their inhabitants. Taking into account the location and infrastructure of the
Foundation's Ecological Club, it has a broad space located amidst these neighborhoods.

The strengthening and intervention on these families in marginal districts, as
sustainability strategies, will be supported with first level methodologies and technical
assistance in a consolidated and consistent format to achieve positive impacts on the
population. We will also work on other actions that supplement their social, economic
and environmental education with Sucre Municipal GAD and other institutions, as part
of a strategic alliance with the Esperanza Project.

40
6. Funding and Budget

Funding of the 4-year Project amounts to US$ 601,600.00 as per the following detail:

Table 15. Project Funding Table
DETAIL AMOUNT
Fiscal
Resources or
Contributions US$601,600.00
of International
Cooperation
TOTAL COST
OF THE US$601,600.00
PROJECT


During the first months of the project, it is intended to carry out the preparatory and
planning activities. They will be mainly focused on diagnostic processes of the families
that were affected by the earthquake. From the third month onwards, all the training
and technical assistance processes will begin with the aim of preparing the families for
future challenges. From the second year on, an increase in investments is registered due
to the increase in the number of families to be assisted and that investment activities of
other specializations start their training processes.

As shown in the following Table, out of the four components of the Project, the first one
corresponds to the implementation of the Diagnosis and the rest are to promote directly
the development of skills, thus helping the resilience of the community.

Table 16. Total Investment per Component of the Project in USD and Percentages
COMPONENTS/ITEMS TOTAL USD %

C1: Preparing the diagnosis to
have an updated baseline on the
social problems, educational needs,
emotional stability, condition of
$ 10,000.00 1.66%
family harmony in Bahia de
Caraquez, FANCA 1, 2, 3 and 4,
Divino Niño and Los Jardines
slums.
C2: Implementing Integral Human
Development Program for families
in high psychosocial risk (IHD),
which lies within the framework to $ 314,600.00 52.3%
guarantee rights and prevent all
types of violence and psychosocial
risks associated with the
41
consumption of tobacco, alcohol
and other drugs, maternity and
paternity in adolescents.
C3: Developing the Program of

Individual Skills for work
productive entrepreneurships, $ 216,000.00 35.9%
access to financing a technical
accompaniment for its linking to
markets.
C4: Implementing Program to
promote ethical values and $ 61,000.00 10.14%
environmental conservation.
Total Project: Strengthening
$ 601,600.00 100,00%
Community Resilience


7. Implementation Strategy

7.1. Operational Structure

The EcoBahia Social Action Foundation has an organizational structure aligned to the
mission of the Ministry of Economic and Social Inclusion of Ecuador to define and
execute policies, strategies, plans, programs, projects and quality services with warmth
for economic and social inclusion, with emphasis on priority groups and the population
in situations of poverty and vulnerability, while promoting development and care during
their lifetime, upward social mobility and strengthening the popular and solidarity-
based economy.

The management model has certain advantages that will facilitate the implementation
of the PROJECT, i.e. its presence within the territory, specifically within one of the most
populated slums of Bahia de Caraquez (FANCA).

For the implementation of the Project, the foundation will take advantage of its
organizational structure by strengthening the Board of Directors and volunteers who
are very active and as detailed hereunder:

-President,
-Executive Director of the Foundation,
-Secretary,
-Treasurer, and close to
-18 other active members.

Additionally, for the operability of the Project, the following professional shall be hired:

Technical Coordinator of the Project (1)
42

The main responsibilities of the position shall be:

• Providing strategic direction
• Identifying and solving problems of the Project, ensuring its advancement as
programmed, and within the budget
• Planning activities in accordance with the components
• Directing and managing the execution of the Project
• Organizing the fulfillment of the objectives of the Project
• Controlling the fulfillment of the activities
• Coordinating the execution of the Project
• Preparing periodical reports for the Board on the financial situation and results
of the Project
• Coordinating the activities together with other institutions that would be
involved in the implementation of the Project
• Representing Ecobahia Social Action Foundation in matters referring to the
Project
• Coordinating with community leaders to support participation of the families in
the programs
• Executing activities of the Project in accordance with the schedule and
administrative section
• Properly carrying out the budgetary implementation of the Project

The treasurer of the Board of the EcoBahia Social Action Foundation shall be responsible
for the financial management of the Project and shall manage adequately material and
economic resources of the Project. In these sense, the treasurer shall also coordinate the
project development with the technical coordinator, all institutional processes as
required by public contracting, accounting, budget, and so on.

7.2. Institutional Arrangements and Implementation Modalities
Direct Implementation: The EcoBahia Social Action Foundation receives resources from
the General Budget of the Country through the Ministry of Social and Economic
Inclusion, Sucre Municipal GAD, Manabi Provincial GAD and other contributions as those
of the International Cooperation that could be the possible financing sources. The
Foundation directly executes the Project, Strengthening the Community Resilience
through Integral Human Development for Families in High Psychosocial Risk.

43
Table 17. Detailed Institutional Arrangements per each Entity
INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
Direct (D)
Type of Arrangement Institutions Involved
Indirect (I)
Ministry of Social and
Promoting the development of
Economic Inclusion of
capacities and integral human
Ecuador,
development that allows strengthening
D community resilience of the most
Ministry of Public Health
of Ecuador,
vulnerable neighborhoods of Bahia de
Ministry of Education of
Caraquez.
Ecuador
Deepen knowledge on environmental Ministry of Environment
D conservation. of Ecuador
MIPRO
Institute of Popular and
Training on financial education and
D labor integration.
Solidary Economy (IEPS)
Agreements with
Universities

44
7.3. Timetable Assessed per Components and Activities
Expenditures to be made in the Project during the period 2021-2024, with its corresponding group of activities are as shown in the
following timetable.

Table 18. Timetable Assessed per Components and Activities
Component Activities Budgetary item 2021 2022 2023 2024 Total

Diagnosis and
mapping of
families in FANCA
Diagnosis 1, 2, 3 and 4, Divino 730601 $10,000.00 $ - $ - $ - $10,000.00
Niño and Los
Jardines slums
(including
surveys).
Total Component 1 $10,000.00 $ 0,00 $ 0,00 $ 0,00 $10,000.00
Seventy-two (72)
workshops, talks
and conferences 730613 $8,333.33 $19,166.67 $20,000.00 $12,500.00 $60,000.00
for children and
Implementing the adolescents will be
Integral Human carried out.
Development Thirty-six (36)
Program for training
families in high workshops will be
Psychosocial risk carried out with 730613 $5,600.00 $8,800.00 $8,800.00 $5,600.00 $28,800.00
(IHD) parents seeking
upbringing
methodology and
improvement of
family
performance.
45
Thirty-six (36)
workshops will be
held for capacity
strengthening and 730612 $5,600.00 $8,800.00 $8,800.00 $5,600.00 $28,800.00
to foster the
participation of
teachers from the
schools attended
by children and
adolescents for
accompaniment of
the program.
Office equipment:
Computers (20),
Printers (2),
Furniture (6),
Chairs (100),
Tables (100), 731407
Projectors (2), 731403
LED screens (2), 730804 $ 75,000.00 $ - $ - $ - $ 75,000.00
Blackboards and 730204
Support material 731409
for the halls in the
Social Action
Ecobahia
Foundation
Ecologic club.
Implementing the Comprehensive
Integral Human accompaniment for
Development children and
Program for adolescents of the
families in high participating
Psychosocial risk families, including 730801 $8,000.00 $16,000.00 $16,000.00 $10,000.00 $ 50,000.00
(IHD) food during the
extra-curricular
period.
46
Specialized
support for
following up and
monitoring 730606 $10,285.71 $20,571.43 $20,571.43 $20,571.43 $72,000.00
executed
programs.
Total Component 2 $112,819.04 $73,338.10 $74,171.43 $54,271.43 $314,600.00

Developing Technical
Program on assistance in the
Individual Skills labor integration
for labor process for
integration and productive linkage 730613 $8,333.30 $26,250.00 $26,250.00 $19,166.70 $ 80,000.00
creation of with
productive entrepreneurial
entrepreneurship and social focus,
access to and commercial
financing and processes.
technical support
for its linkage to Investment in
markets productive assets
$ 80,000.00
through co- 780204 $ - $28,000.00 $28,000.00 $24,000.00
financing.
Participation of
families in
$ 20,000.00
financial education 730613 $ - $ - $10,000.00 $10,000.00
processes.
Production,
promotion and
implementation of
$ 36,000.00
digital marketing 730249 $ - $12,000.00 $12,000.00 $12,000.00
spaces and
platforms.
Total Component 3 $8,333.30 $66,250.00 $76,250.00 $65,166.70 $216,000.00

47
Implementing the
Resources for
Ethical Values transportation and 730505 $ - $12,000.00 $12,000.00 $12,000.00 $36,000.00
and expenses (36 trips) 730801
Environmental
Conservation Thirty (30) talks,
Program workshops and 730613 $3,333.32 $8,333.35 $8,333.35 $4,999.98 $25,000.00
promotion. purchase of books 731409
for these activities.

Total Component 4 $3,333.32 $20,333.35 $20,333.35 $16,999.98 $61,000.00
Total Project $134,485.66 $159,921.45 $170,754.78 $136,438.11 $601,600.00


48
7.4. Multiannual National Public Demand
The annual public demand for implementing the Project in four years is hereunder determined:

Table 19. Determination of the Public Demand for the four-year duration of the Project.
Average
CPC Type of Annual Total
Activity Unit Goal Unit Cost 2021 2022 2023 2024 TOTAL
Code purchase Amount budget
(USD)
Investment
730601 Goods and Diagnosis 1 Number of 1 $10,000.00 $10,000.00 $10,000.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $10,000.00
Services consultancies
Seventy-two (72) Year 1-10
Investment workshops, talks Year 2-23
730613 Goods and and conferences Year 3-24 Number of 72 $60,000.00 $833.33 $8,333.33 $19,166.67 $20,000.00 $12,500.00 $60,000.00
Services for children and Year 4-15 training
adolescents will workshops
be carried out.
Thirty-six (36)
training
workshops for
parents seeking Year 1-7
Investment upbringing Year 2-11 Number of
730613 Goods and methodology and Year 3-11 training 36 $28,800.00 $800.00 $5,600.00 $8,800.00 $8,800.00 $5,600.00 $28,800.00
Services improvement of Year 4-7 workshops
family
performance will
be held.
Thirty-six (36)
workshops will
be held to
strengthen
capacities and Number of
Investment promote the training
Goods and participation of Year 1-7 workshops
730612 Services teachers from the Year 2-11 36 $28,800.00 $800.00 $5,600.00 $8,800.00 $8,800.00 $5,600.00 $28,800.00
schools where Year 3-11
children and Year 4-7
adolescents
49
attend for
accompaniment
of the program
Office
equipment:
-computers (20),
-printers (2),
731407 -furniture (6),
731403 Investment -chairs (100),
730804 Goods and -tables (100),
730204 Services -projectors (2), Equipment for
731409 -LED screens (2), 1 management 1 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $75,000.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $75,000.00
-blackboards,
and support
materials for
Ecobahia Social
Action
Foundation
Ecologic Club
halls.
Comprehensive
accompaniment
to children and
adolescents of

Goods and the participating Number of
$50,000.00 $50,000.00
730801 services for families including 1 assistances 33.333 $1.50 $8,000.00 $16,000.00 $16,000.00 $10,000.00
the food provided
investment during the extra-
curricular period
Specialized
accompaniment
Goods and for follow-up and 1 Specialized
services for monitoring of Accompaniment 1 $72,000.00 $72,000.00 $10,285.71 $20,571.43 $20,571.43 $20,571.43 $72,000.00
730606 the executed
investment programs
Technical
assistance in the
process of labor Year 1-10
integration for Year 2-
Investment productive 31,5 Number of
730613 Goods and linkage with Year 3- training 96 $80,000.00 $833.33 $8,333.30 $26,250.00 $26,250.00 $19,166.70 $80,000.00
Services entrepreneurial 31,5 workshops
50
and social focus, Year 4-23
and commercial
processes
Transfers or Investment in
Donations to productive assets Year 1-0 Number of
780204 non-Financial through co- Year 2-14 approved 40 $80,000.00 $2,000.00 $0.00 $28,000.00 $28,000.00 $24,000.00 $80,000.00
Private Sector financing Year 3-14 projects
Year 4-12
Participation of
Investment families in Year 1-0 Number of
730613 Goods and financial Year 2-0 training 24 $20,000.00 $833.33 $0.00 $0.00 $10,000.00 $10,000.00 $20,000.00
Services education Year 3-12 workshops
processes. Year 4-12
Production,
Investment promotion and
Goods and implementation Marketing
730249 Services of digital 1 management 1 $36,000.00 $36,000.00 $0.00
$12,000.00 $12,000.00 $12,000.00 $36,000.00
marketing spaces
and platforms.
Resources for Year 1-0
Investment mobilization and Year 2-12 Number of
730505 Goods and livelihood (36 Year 3-12 excursions 36 $36,000.00 $1,000.00 $0.00
$12,000.00 $12,000.00 $12,000.00 $36,000.00
730801 Services trips) Year 4-12
730613 30 Year 1-4 Number of
731409 Investment environmental Year 2-10 training 30 $25,000.00 $833.33 $3,333.32 $8,333.35 $8,333.35 $4,999.98 $25,000.00
Goods and talks and Year 3-10 workshops
Services workshops with Year 4-6
purchase of
books

Total
YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4
Proyect
$134,485.66 $159,921.45 $170,754.78 $136,438.11 $601,600.00


51
8. Follow-up and Assessment Strategy

8.1. Implementation Monitoring
For implementing the activities planned in the Project, some monitoring strategies are
defined as explained hereunder:

Activity: Mapping and Diagnosis of families living in FANCA, Divino Niño and Los
Jardines slums that were impacted by the earthquake are taken into account. A work
plan in coordination with technical teams will execute this activity. The plan shall
operate based on a road map presenting timely results and products. Furthermore,
monthly reports on the implementation of the activity will be presented.

Activity: Capacity building is at the heart of the resilience concept and it is also at the
forefront of the emerging resilience "agenda" being driven by international donors and
multilateral institutions. Training Workshops: Linking this activity with the different
institutions and especially those in the areas of Integral Human Development, Values
and Environmental Conservation and Financial Education is planned. The technical
coordinator and the facilitators will have the priority of supporting a joint learning trip
with the attending population.

Activity: Building capacities to achieve solidarity business and co-financing is offered
by the Foundation with the support of the IEPS (Institute of Popular and Solidary
Economy of Ecuador). This activity shall be anchored in all processes established for this
purpose, as well as, resolutions, manuals and other legal regulations in force. Projects
and/or undertakings of families with potential for existing markets are identified and
supported with non-reimbursable funds.

Activity: Implementation of marketing spaces: A marketing platform and promotional
technical assistance shall support the implementation of this activity. Suppliers and
products shall be selected and qualified by a specialized committee. Likewise, training
workshops for product presentation and marketing strategies and remaining are
covered in this tool.

In short it can be stated that monitoring the implementation and management of the
activities covered by the Project shall entail continued review and monitoring of the
following:

ü Activities, milestones and/or stages in which the Program is divided into, with a
compliance date timetable and delivery of products accordingly,
ü Monitoring of budget implementation to evidence disbursements for the projects
defined in the advice in plans of solidary business

It should be mentioned that the supporting documents and verification means required
monitoring shall be coordinated directly with the technical center of the Foundation in
52
the Ecological Club and the various institutions that will support the project in order to
obtain quality information and learn about the real implementation of the Program.

8.2. Evaluation of Results and Impacts
For the Evaluation of Results and impacts, monthly reports on the progress of the
proposed results are expected in order to prepare a general report afterwards. The
report shall be on the impacts achieved, compliance with objectives and implementing
modalities, based on the following questions:

1. How well was the project handled?
2. Were the monitoring and report mechanisms suitable?
3. How suitable is the support provided by Sucre Canton GAD and vice versa?
4. Is the government commitment suitable for the project?
5. Do families in the slums or stakeholders have an empowering sense of the project?
6. What efforts is EcoBahia Social Action Foundation taking to secure the participation
of different interested parties (public and private) in the implementation process?
7. What is the scope of its participation?
8. Are there conflicts of interest among stakeholders? If affirmative, will measures for its
solution be taken?

8.3. Baseline Update
Every year, the baseline will be updated with the corresponding supports and reports
as established in the operational plan and main indicators of the Logical Framework of
the Project.
53
9. ANNEXES
9.1 Photos of Ecobahia Social Action Foundation Actions (1999-2007)

54

For Our Rights to Life
"Defending the Environment: A great example coming from the little ones"
EcoBahia Environmental Education Center
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Contact: MGTS Patricio Tamariz
Email- tamarizp@gmail.com
Skype- tamarizp
Mobile phone no.- +593 999171935
Bahía de Caráquez, Ecuador

65

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Strengthening

Community Resilience through

2. DIAGNOSIS AND PROBLEM ................................................................................................... 2

2.3.1 Social Support Context of EcoBahia Social Action Foundation................. 3

2.3.1.1 Legal Framework of EcoBahia Social Action Foundation ............................. 6

2.4 Supply and Demand Analysis ..................................................................................... 7

2.4.2 Demand ............................................................................................................... 8

2.5 Identification and Characterization of the Target Population ............................. 9

3. LINKAGE WITH PLANNING ................................................................................................. 12

4. LOGICAL FRAMEWORK MATRIX ...................................................................................... 15

4.3.1 Annualization of Purpose Indicator Goals ....................................................... 22

5. INTEGRAL ANALYSIS .......................................................................................................... 23

5.1.1. Description of Project Engineering. ............................................................ 24

5.1.1.1 Component 1. - Preparation of the Diagnosis ............................................... 24

5.1.1.1.1 Activity: Diagnosis and Mapping of Families in FANCA 1, 2, 3 and 4,

5.1.1.2.2 Activity: Training for Parents in Parenting Methodologies. .................. 26

5.1.1.2.3 Activity: Capacity Strengthening for Teachers’ Participation ................ 26

5.1.1.2.4 Activity: Equipment for IHD Program ........................................................ 26

5.1.1.2.5 Activity: Comprehensive Accompaniment for Participants ................... 26

5.1.1.2.6 Activity: Specialized Accompaniment for Follow-Up and Monitoring of

5.1.1.3 Component 3. - Development of Individual Skills ....................................... 27

5.1.1.3.1 Activity: Technical Assistance in the Process of Labor Insertion,

5.1.1.3.2 Activity: Investment in Productive Assets through Co-Financing ......... 28

5.1.1.3.3 Activity: Participation of Families in Financial Education Processes... 28

5.1.1.3.4 Activity: Production, Promotion and Implementation of Digital

5.1.1.4 Component 4. - Implementing Ethical Values Promotion and

5.1.1.4.1 Activity: Promoting Ethical Values and Environmental Conservation . 29

5.1.1.4.2 Activity: Transportation for Environmental Field Trips ........................ 30

5.2. Financial and Fiscal Viability .................................................................................... 30

5.3.2. Identification and Valuation of Total Investment, Operational and

5.3.3 Economic Flow ....................................................................................................... 38

5.3.4 Fiscal Economic Indicators (IRR, NPV and CBR) ............................................. 40

5.4 Environmental Viability and Social Sustainability ............................................... 40

5.4.1. Analysis of Environmental Impact and Risks ................................................. 40

5.4.2. Social Sustainability ............................................................................................ 40

6. FUNDING AND BUDGET .......................................................................................................... 41

7.3. Timetable Assessed per Components and Activities ........................................ 45

7.4. Multiannual National Public Demand ..................................................................... 49

8. FOLLOW-UP AND ASSESSMENT STRATEGY ............................................................................. 52

Graph 1. Unemployment Rate in Manabi and Esmeraldas Provinces (from March

Table 1. Total Amount of the Project

FISCAL PERIOD AMOUNT USD

2. Diagnosis and Problem

According to the “2016 Reconstruction Cost Assessment Executive Summary"2, it was

High level of use of Family economies Dysfunctional

DETERIORATION OF SOCIAL CAPITAL AND RESILIENCE LEVEL OF

Low esteem and High level of

Population in FANCA per Age Group

2.4.2.1 Benchmark Population

2.4.2.2 Potentially Demanding Population

2.4.2.3 Effective Demanding Population

2.4.2.4 Estimated Deficit or Unmet Demand (Supply – Demand)

Self-identification as per Cases Percentage %

3. Linkage with Planning

4.1. General and Specific Objectives

Photo: EcoBahia Social Action Foundation

Narrative Summary of Objectives Objectively Verifiable Indicators Verification Means Assumptions

Until 2023, 500 families in the slums will have

Management report and program

COMPONENT 3 Agreements signed with trade

Component Activities Budget Means of Verification Assumptions

Thirsty-six (36) workshops will be