PRIVATE EDUCATION ASSISTANCE COMMITTEE

STUDENT LEARNING MATERIAL

STUDENT LEARNING MATERIAL

Most Essential Topic #5: Media and Information Sources

LEARNING OUTCOME: The learner evaluates appropriately the reliability, accuracy, value, authority, and timeliness of information utilized in different communication activities in order to promote
ethical use of media and information

INTRODUCTION:

We are living in the Information Age. There is a lot of information that may be derived from various sources. However, not all this information is valid, truthful, and useful. Hence, the need to
assess.

This lesson is expected to be finished within four hours. Three hours will be intended for the lecture and one hour for the completion of the written activity, Sources Evaluation Chart. The
teacher will be available for consultation through his or her academic facebook messenger account or by phone call and even text message.
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

1. compare potential sources of media and information;

2. contrast indigenous media to the more common sources of information such as the library, Internet, etc.; and
3. evaluate information from different sources using certain standards.

The above-stated learnings shall be necessary for the development of the essential skills such as proper citation of different types of media and information sources and ethical use of information
from different sources. Moreover, you will be prepared to perform the performance task preparatory assessment activity, which is Concept Proposal.

Generally, Media Information Sources enumerate the different kinds of media sources that you may utilize to acquire information. It also presents a set of standards that you may apply
in evaluating information from the different sources. Through the topic, you will be able to demonstrate an understanding of and can identify the values and differences of potential sources of
media and information. It will be discussed in these three parts:
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CHUNK 1 - Types of Media and Information Sources

FORMATIVE QUESTION: What are the classifications of the different media and information sources?

There are three main types of information sources: Primary Sources, Secondary Sources, and Tertiary Sources.

Primary Sources are those that are considered original or genuine materials, such as artifacts, documents, letters, and recordings. They provide concrete evidence that people used in the past.
Other examples include pottery, ornaments, accessories, and other relics found on historical burial sites.
Secondary Sources are documents made after an original event has taken place. They give second-hand accounts and may provide another angle or perspective from a different person. Some
examples are history books, photocopies, biographies, and commentaries.
Tertiary Sources include publications that summarize and digest the information in primary and secondary sources to provide background on a topic, area, or event. Examples are encyclopedias,
almanacs, and manuals.

In addition, Indigenous Media are those that are owned, controlled, and managed by indigenous people. The term "indigenous" means native, local, originating or produced naturally in a particular
region or locality. Indigenous Media are used to develop and produce culturally appropriate information in the languages understood by the community. It includes knowledge that is unique to a
specific culture or society; most often, it is not written down.
Characteristics:

1. oral tradition of communication

2. stored information in memories
3. Information exchange is face-to-face.
4. Information is limited within the border of the community

Oral Tradition Examples

1. legend (alamat) - fiction that tells about the origin of something

2. folktale (kwentong bayan) -narration about the characteristics of the time and place in which the story is told
3. epic (epiko) - heroic adventure of the main characters that sometimes possess extraordinary powers
4. mythology (mitolohiya) - stories tell the lives of mortals that are influenced by the gods, with a focus on the creation

CHUNK 2 - Evaluating Media and Information Sources

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FORMATIVE QUESTION: What are the features of valid information derived from the different sources?

In evaluating the information gathered from different sources, the following standards are considered:

1. Reliability of information - Information is said to be reliable if it can be verified and evaluated. Others refer to the trustworthiness of the source in evaluating the reliability of information.
2. Accuracy of information - Accuracy refers to the closeness of the report to the actual data. Measurement of accuracy varies, depending on the type of information being evaluated.
Forecasts are said to be accurate if the report is similar to the actual data. Financial information is considered accurate if the values are correct, properly classified, and presented
3. Value of information - Information is said to be of value if it aids the user in making or improving decisions.
4. Authority of the source - Much of the information we gather daily does not come from a primary source but is passed on through secondary sources such as writers, reporters, and the
like. Sources with established expertise on the subject matter are considered to have sound authority on the subject.
5. Timeliness - Reliability, accuracy, and value of information may vary based on the time it was produced or acquired. While a piece of information may have been found accurate, reliable,
and valuable during the time it was produced, it may become irrelevant and inaccurate with the passing of time (thus making it less valuable). Other information may be timeless and
proven to be the same in reliability, accuracy, and value throughout history.

For a more efficient application of the above-mentioned standards, consider the following guide questions:

Selection Criteria Questions to Ponder

Reliability What are the details of this piece of news? Which of these details can be verified in other sources? Could these details be true? Why or why
not?

Accuracy Which of these facts are measurable? How were they derived? Was the article written in an objective manner? Is the article written with care?

Value Consider the audience of the article? Who would find this article valuable?

Authority Who wrote the article? How is the author related to the article? What was his source? Are the sources properly cited? What is the reputation
of the author? Is he known for some biases?

Timeliness When was the article written? Is it possible that some of the information in the article has changed over time? If yes, would the change have
any effect on the conclusion of the article?
PRIVATE EDUCATION ASSISTANCE COMMITTEE
CHUNK 3 - Plagiarism and Fair Use Guidelines

FORMATIVE QUESTION: What are your rights to your intellectual property and to those belonging to others?

When another person's intellectual property is used without giving credit to that person, plagiarism is committed. It is the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as
one's own.

How to Avoid Plagiarism

1. Proper Citation
2. Using Endnotes or Footnotes
3. Writing a Bibliography
4. Proper Paraphrasing

Fair use means than you can use copyrighted material without asking for permission from the copyright owner, but only for certain purposes. These include: commentary, criticism, reporting,
research and teaching.

Guidelines for Fair Use

1. A majority of the content you create must be your own.

2. Give credit to the copyright holder.
3. Don't make money out of the copyrighted work.

SYNTHESIS

Information may be derived from different media sources. It is necessary to classify these sources so that proper evaluation of information can take place. Certain standards are considered in
evaluating information, such as Reliability, Accuracy, Value, Authority, and Timeliness.

RUA - Sources Evaluation Chart

Instructions: You are a media researcher. Investigate and present how three similar current news, issue, or trend is presented and discussed separately in a newspaper or magazine (Print Media),
radio and television (Broadcast Media), and online website (New Media). Indicate the exact salient points from the news/issue/trend content. Finally, choose which among the different types of
PRIVATE EDUCATION ASSISTANCE COMMITTEE
media best presented the news, issue, or trend, and give your reactions or justifications (Remarks). Apply the standards to be used in evaluating information (RAVAT). Complete the following
table below:

Current News/Issue/Trend Print Media Broadcast Media New Media Remarks (RAVAT)

1.

2.

3.