San Miguel Rural Development High School

San Miguel, Catanduanes

S.Y. 2021-2022

“Efficacy of Lakad-bulan (Blumea balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan (Peperomia pellucida

Linn), Paragis (Eleusine indica) leaves Organic Tea as
An Alternative Solution for Hyper Acidity”

Janna Rose T. Bernal

Jasmine Marie B. Soriao
Philip Miguel B. Tribiana
Ailah Francheska T. Tapanan
Researchers 10 – SSC

JUNE 2022

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 ABSTRACT
BERNAL, JANNA ROSE T.
SORIAO, JASMINE MARIE B.
TRIBIANA, PHILIP MIGUEL B.
TAPANAN, AILAH FRANCHESKA T.
“EFFICACY OF LAKAD-BULAN (Blumea balsamifera), PANSIT- PANSITAN (Peperomia
pellucida Linn), PARAGIS (Eleusine indica) LEAVES ORGANIC TEA AS AN
ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION FOR HYPER ACIDITY”.

Hyper acidity is considered as one of the most common diseases encountered by all ages in a
community. The objective of this study is to verify the claims and to test the efficacy of the
selected plants as tea, a suitable tea for hyper acidity that is readily and locally available. The
plants were sun dried until it can be broken down to pieces or powdered. After being sun dried, it
was then powdered using a mortar and pestle. Then the powdered dried leaves were put in a tea
bag using a tablespoon and weigh using a digital weighing scale to ensure that it would weigh 5
grams. Next step is getting the pH reading using the Universal Test Paper, the results were
obtained through comparing the universal test strips with the standard pH color that cover the
range of (14) numbers – pH scale 0-14 and then the Testing of pH level using a pH meter.
Lakad-bulan (B. balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan (P. pellucida Linn), Paragis (E. indica) leaves and
turmeric tea represents the four (4) treatments (5g/235ml), and would underwent four (4) phases
a) only tea b) mixed with hydrochloric acid (HCl) (pH level 2) c) mixed with coke (pH level 2.5)
d) mixed with coffee (pH level 4.46). The pH level of turmeric tea is a) 4.87 b) 2.35 c) 2.64 d)
4.36, the pH level of Lakad-bulan is a) 5.69 b) 2.88 c) 3.20 d) 4.65, the pH level of Pansit-
pansitan is a) 7.71 b) 3.73 c) 3.43 d) 5.28 and the pH level of Paragis is a) 7.47 b) 2.86 c) 3.07 d)
4.91. The results confirmed that all of the selected plants are effective and possible to be an
alternative solution for hyper acidity.

Keywords: Organic tea, hyper acidity, efficacy, B. balsamifera, Peperomia pellucida Linn,

Eleusine indica, turmeric tea, pH level, pH meter.

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 “Efficacy of Lakad-bulan (Blumea balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan (Peperomia pellucida
Linn), Paragis (Eleusine indica) leaves Organic Tea as
An Alternative Solution for Hyper Acidity”

RESEARCH PLAN

Rationale

Hyper acidity is one of the most common problem encountered by all ages in community.

It is also called Acid Dyspepsia. Hyperacidity is a medical condition in which the stomach

secretes a lot of acids. There are also treatments or medicines that can cure hyper acidity.

The hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice breaks down the food and the digestive

enzymes split up the proteins. The acidic gastric juice also kills bacteria. The mucus covers the

stomach wall with a protective coating. Hydrochloric acid is the water-based, or aqueous,

solution of hydrogen chloride gas. It is also the main component of gastric acid, an acid produced

naturally in the human stomach to help digest food. Hydrochloric acid is also synthetically

produced for a variety of industrial and commercial applications, and can be formed by a number

of manufacturing processes, including dissolving hydrogen chloride gas in water. Hydrochloric

acid is also used to make many other chemicals and as a disinfectant and slimicide, a chemical

that prevents the growth of slime in paper stock. Other common end uses for hydrochloric acid

include household cleaners, pool maintenance and food manufacturing. The food industry uses

hydrochloric acid to process a variety of food products, such as corn syrups used in soft drinks,

cookies, crackers, ketchup and cereals. Hydrochloric acid is also used as an acidifier in sauces,

vegetable juices and canned goods, to help enhance flavor and reduce spoilage.

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 pH meters are electronic devices comprised of a special measuring probe (a glass

electrode or, an ion-selective field-effect transistor (ISFET), in specialized cases), attached to an

electronic meter that displays the decimal pH reading. The pH meter must be calibrated prior to

use against buffer solutions of known hydrogen ion. pH meters consist of a glass electrode made

of a specialty glass membrane that is sealed at the end forming a bulb. Inside the glass is an

internal standard acidity solution, usually 0.1 M HCl, along with an internal reference electrode,

RE in (typically an Ag/AgCl wire electrode). This solution is called the reference solution of

known pH, 7.

Nowadays, herbal medicines are widely consumed and their sales have been rising

significantly all over the world. According to the reports of the World Health Organization

(WHO), to treat diseases over 80% of the populations in developing countries mainly rely on

herbs, which are considered to be safer and more effective than synthetic drugs.

Within this problem, the researchers are aiming to create a possible organic tea as an

alternative solution for hyper acidity. The following plants that were chosen are Lakad-bulan (B.

balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan (P. pellucida Linn), Paragis (E. indica) plant.

Tea creates a space that aids reflux due to the splash back of stomach acid. It is better off

having tea, because it has a little caffeine compare to coffee. Green tea contains a considerable

amount of antioxidants but tea has more than that, it also helps in killing bacteria, lowering your

risk in infection, inhibiting viruses like influenza, improving ones breath and oral health.

(Goodwyn, 2019)

Numerous studies have shown that a variety of teas may boost your immune system, fight

off inflammation, and even ward off cancer and heart disease. While some brews provide more

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health advantages than others, there's plenty of evidence that regularly drinking tea can have a

lasting impact on your wellness.

A medicinal plant is any plant which, in one or more of its organs, contains substances

that can be used for therapeutic purposes or which are precursors for the synthesis of useful

drugs. This description makes it possible to distinguish between medicinal plants whose

therapeutic properties and constituents have been established scientifically, and plants that are

regarded as medicinal but which have not yet been subjected to a thorough scientific study.

Number of plants have been used in traditional medicine for many years. Some do seem to work

although there may not be sufficient scientific data (double-blind trials, for example) to confirm

their efficacy. Such plants should qualify as medicinal plants. The term ‘crude drugs of natural or

biological origin’ is used by pharmacists and pharmacologists to describe whole plants or parts

of plants which have medicinal properties. A definition of medicinal plants for the purpose of

this presentation should include the following (Sofowora 2008; Evans, 2008):

Lakad-bulan (B. balsamifera) plant is also known as sambong plant. It is a flowering

plant belonging to the genus Blumea of the family Asteraceace. It has been used in folk medicine

for its many health benefits that include the treatment of septic wounds, respiratory infections,

stomach pains and kidney stones. Sambong (B. balsamifera) of plant Family Asteraceae is native

to the Philippines. Locally called lakad-bulan, the (B. balsamifera) is a popular herbal plant used

in treating kidney problems, lumbago, rheumatism, wounds, diarrhea, colds, and coughs. It

grows to a height of 1-3 meters from low to medium elevation, in open grasslands and thickets.

Its aromatic leaves are wide ovoid or oblong-lanceolate, simple and alternate while its flower is

yellow. In the Philippines, the leaves of lakad-bulan are usually boiled and taken as a tea. They

are rich in chemical compounds and nutrients and are used to treat various afflictions of the body

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like wounds and stomach pain. It has antibacterial and anti-fungal properties. It is also made into

a poultice to relieve arthritis, colds, and cough. Lakad-bulan is also taken as a tea to help

maintain a healthy urinary tract. It is popular among people with kidney problems because of its

diuretic properties. It also helps flush uric acid. Interestingly, the Philippine National Kidney and

Transplant Institute recommends lakad-bulan for patients with renal problems.

Pansit-pansitan (P. pellucida Linn) is a common fleshy shallow rooted herb that has been

used as food item as well as a medicine herb. The entire plant is edible both cooked or raw.

Pansit-pansitan has taken its niche in the folkloric herbal medicine providing health benefits for

gout, arthritis and other inflammatory conditions. Pansit-pansitan has been traditionally used to

treat fever, cough, common cold, headache and arthritis. In a study of aerial parts of peperomia

extract in mice indicated that that it exhibited anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. The

anti-inflammatory activity was attributed to interference with prostaglandin synthesis. In another

study done on rabbits, pansit-pansitan extract exhibited an anti-pyretic activity which indicates

that it is comparable to standard aspirin. The entire plant is edible both cooked or raw and can be

used as a medicinal herb for its analgesic, anti-arthritic, diuretic activity. Traditionally this plant

is used to treat a cough, common cold, fever, arthritis, and headache. In a study done on rabbits,

pansit-pansitan extract shows an anti-pyretic activity which is comparable to standard aspirin.

Moreover, the plant also exhibited anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in a study of aerial

parts of peperomia extracted in mice. The extract of Pansit-pansitan has strong scavenging

activity against free radicals, according to studies. Therefore, this suggests that it can be a good

natural antioxidant.

Paragis (E. indica) plant is a species of grass in the family Poaceace. It is a small annual

grass in distributed thought the warmer areas of the world to about 50 degrees latitude. Studies

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particularly show that it contains anti-inflammatory, antibacterial properties and etc. Paragis is an

erect, tufted, and glabrous grass with long and tapered leaves. It can grow between 10

centimeters and 1 meter in height. Personally, I used to hate this grass growing in our backyard

garden. It’s simply an eyesore among our vegetables and crops. Besides, it’s quick to reproduce

due to its numerous spikelets on top that contain several seeds. Paragis is declared to have

protein and its leaves have silicon monoxide, calcium oxide, and chlorine compounds. It is also

known to have numerous properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic,

antihistamine, natural diuretic, and cytotoxic properties. There have been several propositions

regarding paragis’ scientific name, one of the accepted ones is (E. indica). It’s commonly called

goosegrass or wire grass in English. But the weed is also known by many different names,

depending on the local dialects or country where it grows. Having mentioned the properties of

paragis, studies further reveal that the weed offers a lot of health benefits to mankind. Many

users also testified to its efficacy in preventing or treating numerous diseases. In the Philippines,

many rural folks use paragis to relieve some discomforts. But the country’s Department of

Health (DOH) does not officially recognize it as a medicinal plant. DOH insists that exhaustive

research and testing should be made before it can be declared safe to use.

The entire goal of this study is to determine which among the Lakad-bulan (B.

balsamifera) plant, Pansit-pansitan (P. pellucida Linn) plant and Paragis (E. indica) plant is most

efficient organic tea as an alternative solution for hyper acidity and if it is more efficient than the

Turmeric tea. In this case, if the researchers successfully create a possible organic tea, they will

be able to help the person that has hyper acidity.

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Statement of the Problem

This study will be conducted to test the efficacy of Lakad-bulan (B. balsamifera), Pansit-
pansitan (P. pellucida Linn), Paragis (E. indica) leaves organic tea as an alternative medicine for
hyper acidity.

Specifically, this study aims to answer the following questions:

1. What will be the pH reading of Lakad-bulan (B. balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan

(P. pellucida Linn), Paragis (E. indica) leaves organic tea?

2. What is the effect of Lakad- bulan (B. balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan (P.

pellucida Linn), Paragis (E. indica) leaves organic tea on Hydrochloric

solution, coke, and coffee in terms of pH reading and ph level?

3. Is there any significant difference among the efficacy of Lakad-bulan (B.

balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan (P. pellucida Linn), Paragis (E. indica) leaves

organic tea as an alternative solution for hyper acidity?

Hypothesis

Ho: There is no significant difference among the efficacy of Lakad-bulan (B. balsamifera),

Pansit-pansitan (P. pellucida Linn), Paragis (E. indica) leaves organic tea as an alternative

solution for hyper acidity as compared to Turmeric tea.

Significance of the Study

This study determined which among the Lakad-bulan (B. balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan

(P. pellucida Linn), Paragis (E. indica) leaves is most efficient organic tea as an alternative

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solution for hyper acidity than the common Turmeric tea. The results of the study were

significant to the following:

Person who suffers from hyper acidity. The most efficient organic tea will benefit those who

suffer from stomach abnormality to lower the risk of hyper acidity.

Community. Through the help of this research, the community will benefit for it would provide

them cheaper and effective organic tea and improve their awareness on the important value of

herbal leaves that can be an alternative solution for hyper acidity.

Teachers and Students. It will be able to know them about the importance of pH level of an

organic tea that they are drinking and to know if it is an alternative solution for hyper acidity.

The Researcher. The researcher can also gain significance in the study. This would improve the

skills, strategy, and knowledge in engaging research.

Future researchers. This will serve as a primary basis of the future researchers who will

conduct the same procedures and techniques.

Risk and Safety

The researchers may encounter physical risk during the experimentation process. When

handling sharp tools, the researchers must carefully handle it with care in order to avoid accident.

During the experimentation, when putting the product on the tea bag, the researchers must be

careful because it is possible to land in their naked eye and can cause eye problems. When the

product accidentally poured or blown out into the researcher mouth, it may cause digestive

problems and other things that could harm the researchers.

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Expected Outcome

The Lakad-bulan (B. balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan (P. pellucida Linn), Paragis (E.

indica) leaves organic tea is an alternative solution for hyper acidity that is much effective than

Turmeric tea in terms of efficacy for hyper acidity.

METHODOLOGY

A. Collection and Preparation of Plant Material

The matured leaves that will be used in the study are Lakad-bulan (B.

balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan (P. pellucida Linn), Paragis (E. indica) leaves. The leaves

will be collected at San Miguel, Catanduanes. Then the leaves will be properly washed to

remove the dust particles.

B. Preparation of the Three Organic Tea (Lakad- Bulan, Pansit- Pansitan and Paragis)

All the matured leaves will be sun dried for 1 week until it can be broken down

into pieces or powdered. But the researchers will use scissors in order to cut the Paragis

into smaller pieces and be powdered easily. After being dried, it will be powdered using a

mortar and pestle. Then, use a strainer to separate the larger units to the powdered one.

The powdered dried leaves will be put in a tea bag using tablespoon and weigh using a

digital weighing scale to ensure that it will weigh 5 grams. After being weighed, the non-

woven clothe (tea bags) will be tied up. And the distilled water will be tested first to

make sure that it is an acid neutral having a pH of 7. Then it will be boiled using a heater.

After that, the boiling distilled water will be poured into the 4 beakers containing the 4

organic tea and will be stirred carefully. Then after 2 minutes, the universal test strips
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 will be soaked individually into the 4 beakers for a half second. The results will be

obtained through comparing the universal test strips with the standard pH color chart that

covers a range of fourteen (14) numbers – pH scale 0-14. After it cools down, the 4

treatments will be measured to have a standard temperature of 25℃ , so the pH meter will

not be affected by the high temperature. It also helps to ensure that they are similar and it

will not affect the acidity level of the three (3) organic tea and the Turmeric tea. The

buffers will then be prepared for calibrating the pH meter. After it will be calibrated,

electrode will be placed in each organic tea and Turmeric tea with 4 different treatments

to read its pH level.

According to Wallace, 2015 the pH meter will be used to test the pH level. Before

testing the next beaker with another organic tea, the pH meter will then wipe to make

sure it reads the acidity level accurately. Using a pH meter is the most accurate and

effective way to test the pH level of a substance.

C. Collection and Preparation of Muriatic Acid, Coke and Coffee

The muriatic acid, coke and coffee will be bought at San Miguel, Catanduanes.

Then the muriatic acid will be poured in a graduated cylinder that will be measured at

exactly 0.50 ml. After it is measured it will be then transferred into a 100ml beaker and

will be mixed with 100ml distilled water, then the coke will be poured in a beaker that

will be measured at exactly 235 ml. And the coffee will be poured in a beaker containing

235ml boiling distilled water. And will be mixed carefully using a stirring rod.

After preparing, the researchers will get the pH level and reading of muriatic acid,

coke and coffee, and will then be mixed with the 4 treatments.

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 D. Getting the pH reading of the Solutions using a Universal Test Paper and pH Meter

The universal test strips will be soaked individually into the solutions with the

organic tea made from Lakad-bulan B. balsamifera, Pansit-pansitan P. pellucida Linn and

Paragis E. indica organic tea and the Turmeric tea mixed with muriatic acid, coke and

coffee for a half second. The results will be obtained through comparing the universal test

strips with the standard pH color chart that covers a range of fourteen (14) numbers – pH

scale 0-14. The pH meter electrode will be placed into 4 different treatments to read its

pH level.

E. DATA GATHERING

The data will be gathered are the following: 1) most effective solution for hyper

acidity among Lakad-bulan B. balsamifera, Pansit-pansitan P. pellucida Linn and Paragis

E. indica leaves and the Turmeric tea and 2) the pH level of each organic tea and the

Turmeric tea. Data gathering will be done by actual measurement and recording.

Table 1: Treatment and Concentrations

T1: Control T2: Lakad-bulan T3: Pansit-pansitan T4: Paragis organic

(Turmeric tea) organic tea organic tea tea

R1 2g/235ml 2g/235ml 2g/235ml 2g/235ml

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Organic Tea

Table 1: pH Testing using Universal Test Paper

T1: Control T2: Lakad-bulan T3: Pansit-pansitan T4: Paragis organic

(Turmeric tea) organic tea organic tea tea

R1

Table 2: Using pH Meter

T1: Control T2: Lakad-bulan T3: Pansit-pansitan T4: Paragis organic

(Turmeric tea) organic tea organic tea tea

R1

Hydrochloric Acid

Table 1: pH Testing using Universal Test Paper

T1: Control T2: Lakad-bulan T3: Pansit-pansitan T4: Paragis organic

(Turmeric tea) organic tea organic tea tea

R1

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Table 2: Using pH Meter

T1: Control T2: Lakad-bulan T3: Pansit-pansitan T4: Paragis organic

(Turmeric tea) organic tea organic tea tea

R1

Coke

Table 1: pH Testing using Universal Test Paper

T1: Control T2: Lakad-bulan T3: Pansit-pansitan T4: Paragis organic

(Turmeric tea) organic tea organic tea tea

R1

Table 2: Using pH Meter

T1: Control T2: Lakad-bulan T3: Pansit-pansitan T4: Paragis organic

(Turmeric tea) organic tea organic tea tea

R1

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Coffee

Table 1: pH Testing using Universal Test Paper

T1: Control T2: Lakad-bulan T3: Pansit-pansitan T4: Paragis organic

(Turmeric tea) organic tea organic tea tea

R1

Table 2: Using pH Meter

T1: Control T2: Lakad-bulan T3: Pansit-pansitan T4: Paragis organic

(Turmeric tea) organic tea organic tea tea

R1

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 http://www.medicalhealthguide.com/articles/sambong.htm

 https://wsimag.com/wellness/35291-paragis

 http://www.medicalhealthguide.com/particles/pansit-pansitan.htm

 http://www.practo.com/healthfeed/amp/hyperacidity-causes-and-management-7606/post

 https://www.pennmedicine.org/updates/blogs/health-and-wellness/2019/december/health-

benefits-of-tea

 https://www.meer.com/en/35291-paragis

 https://www.azolifesciences.com/article/What-is-a-pH-Meter-and-How-Does-it-Work.aspx

 https://www.chemicalsafetyfacts.org/hydrochloric-acid

 https://www.pennmedicine.org/updates/blogs/health-and-wellness/2019/december/health-

benefits-of-tea

 http://www.medicalhealthguide.com/articles/pansit-pansitan.htm

 https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/ph-scale-0

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Nos.

TITLE PAGE …………………………………………………………………………… 1

ABSTRACT …………………………………………...................................................... 2

RESEARCH PLAN …………………………………………………………………… 3

TABLE OF CONTENTS ……………………………………………………………… 17

INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………… 19

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM …………………………………………………. 26

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS …………………………………………………………. 26

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY …………………………………………………… 27

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION ………………………………………………………. 27

METHODOLOGY ……………………………………………………………………. 30

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION………………………………………………………. 38

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ……… 47

BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………………………… 50

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APPENDIXES

APPENDIX A. Collection and Preparation of Plant Material. ………………. 51

APPENDIX B. Preparation of the three organic tea

(lakad-bulan, pansit-pansitan and paragis). ………………….. 52

APPENDIX C. Collection and Preparation of Muriatic Acid, Coke

And Coffee. ……………………………………………. 56

APPENDIX D. Getting the pH Reading of the Solutions Using A

Universal Test Paper and pH Meter. ………………….. 58

APPENDIX E. Materials. …………………………………………………….

61

APPENDIX F. Cost Analysis. ……………………………………………….

64

CURRICULUM VITAE ………………………………………………………… 65

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 INTRODUCTION

Hyperacidity, also known as gastritis or acid reflux is one of the most common problem

encountered by all ages in community. A medical condition in which the stomach secretes a lot

of acids. Smoking, alcohol consumption, and high levels of stress/anxiety may trigger

hyperacidity.

Stomach Acid is an acid solution with a pH of 1 to 2 in the stomach lumen, consisting

mainly of hydrochloric acid (HCl) (around 0.5%, or 5000 parts per million), and large quantities

of Potassium Chloride (KCl) and Sodium Chloride (NaCl). Hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice

breaks down the food and the digestive enzymes split up the proteins. The acidic gastric juice

also kills bacteria. Human body is designed to handle average levels of stomach acid so that it

doesn’t cause any illness or health complications. However, those systems may not always work

the way they are supposed to. Having gastric juices with low or high levels of acidity can cause

other health problems. (Ash, 2011)

Medicinal plants have long been an important source of pharmacological lead molecules.

Plants were used to treat ailments by early humans, who were led by instinct, taste, and

experience; hence, the history of medicinal plants is as long as the history of people. The

classification of medicinal plants is a problem for their evolution.

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 Republic Act 8423, also known as the Traditional and Medicine Alternative Act of 1997

(TAMA), was passed in the Philippines to encourage and advocate the use of alternative,

preventive, and curative health care that has been proven to be safe, effective, cost-effective, and,

of course, compliant with government medical standards. It is believed that this law will not only

tap the country's rich resources of medicinal cures but also protect the time-tested efficacy of

indigenous remedies and treatments developed by traditional Filipino healers. This law also aids

alternative medicine researchers.

In 2019, Filipino health consciousness will continue to drive demand for green tea, fruit

or herbal tea, rather than black tea, not only because the goods are healthy drinks in general, but

also because such teas are said to ease digestion and induce better sleep. Consumers are

becoming more aware of the advantages of various varieties of tea, particularly green tea, which

has been promoted in supermarkets as a Filipino product (Euro Monitor, 2019).

Lakad-bulan B. balsamifera plant is also known as sambong plant, a flowering plant

belonging to the genus Blumea of the family Asteraceace is native to the Philippines. It has been

used in folk medicine for its many health benefits. A 2021 study on National Library of

Medicine (National Center for Biotechnology Information) that was published by Veterinary

World online showed that B. balsamifera has been reported to contain several phytochemicals

both volatile (terpenoids, fatty acids, phenols, alcohol, aldehydes, ethers, ketones, pyridines,

furans, and alkanes) and non-volatile (flavonoids, flavanones, and chalcones). Extracts and

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phytochemicals of B. balsamifera contain several biological capacities such as antioxidant,

antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, anti-infertility, hepatoprotective

activity, antidiabetic, gastroprotective, antitumor, anticancer, and immunomodulatory agent

against Coronavirus disease-19 infection. (Gede Widhiantara and Made Jawi 2021).

Pansit-pansitan P. pellucida Linn is a common fleshy shallow rooted herb that has been

used as food item as well as a medicine herb. Pansit-pansitan has taken its niche in the folkloric

herbal medicine providing health benefits for gout, arthritis and other inflammatory conditions.

Pansit-pansitan has been traditionally used to treat fever, cough, common cold, headache and

arthritis. According to R.U. Egwuche, A.A. Odetola and O.L. Erukainure (2011) Proximate

analysis on P. pellucida Linn showed a high ash content; the crude fiber content was higher,

while the carbohydrate content was observed to be the highest. Mineral analysis showed very

low contents of manganese, iron, zinc and copper being the lowest, but high sodium content was

observed. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, cardenolides, saponins

and tannins, while anthraquinones was observed to be absent. A result from this present study

indicates an affirmation of the use of this plant in management of various ailments. The observed

chemicals are responsible for its medicinal properties.

The use of evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine is increasing rapidly.

E. indica (EI) is traditionally used in ailments associated with liver and kidneys. The therapeutic

benefit of the medicinal plants is often attributed to their antioxidant properties. Therefore, the

aim of this study was to screen the hexane, dicholoromethane, ethyl acetate (EA) and methanol

extracts (MeTH) of EI for their antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-cancer effects using total

phenolic contents (TPCs) and DPPH, disc diffusion method and MTT cytotoxicity assays,

respectively. The MeTH was showed to have the highest TPC and scavenging activity (77.7%)

21
on DPPH assay, followed by EA (64.5%), hexane (47.19%) and DCM (40.83%) extracts,

whereas the MeTH showed no inhibitory effect on all tested bacteria strains. However, the EA

extract exhibited a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria except

Bacillus subtilis, in which this bacterium was found to be resistant to all EI extracts. Meanwhile,

hexane extract was demonstrated to have a remarkable antibacterial activity against methicillin

resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while the

dichloromethane extract did not exhibit significant activity against P. aeruginosa. None of the

extracts showed significant cytotoxic activity towards MCF-7, HT-29 and CEM-SS human

cancer cell lines after 72?h incubation time (IC50 > 30?g/ml). These results demonstrate that the

extract prepared from the EI possesses antioxidant activity in vitro in addition to antibacterial

properties. Further investigations are needed to verify the antioxidant effects in vitro and in vivo.

(Abdul et. al. 2011)

The chemolytic effects of Sambong (B. balsamifera) in calcium stones were determined

in vitro. Fresh urine sample from controls, subjects on Sambong 40 mg/kg/day and 60 mg/kg/day

were used to bathe a 1 cm. stone sample for 10 days. Results showed statistically significant

stone dissolution of Sambong. The 40 mg/kg/day dose showed maximum therapeutic effect. The

authors indicate that this drug could be a sound alternative for the management of ureteral calculi

especially its being a smooth muscle relaxant with diuretic effects as well. (Ferdinand Rico,

1992)

Blumeae balsamifera (Sambong) is an ancient medicinal herb with a rich constituent of

essential oils and widely used in the Philippines for a long period of time before the introduction

of modern medicine for the treatment of septic wounds and other infections. The dominance of

22
commercially manufactured products is increasing day by day due to the rapid development and

progress. Drugs are first and foremost need to cure ailments and different diseases for human

beings. Almost all the country has always been dependent on highly priced commercial drugs

giving little chance for the utilization of locally grown medicinal herbs and plants. Therefore, the

present study was focused to determine the effect of B. balsamifera on wound healing as an

alternative to expensive medicine such as betadine. Methods: The descriptive method was used

to find out the active constituents of the Sambong leaves through phytochemical screening

whereas experimental method was used to determine the characteristics of the experimental mice

for their treatment of wounds using Sambong leaves decoction. Results: The treatments with 50,

100 and 150 grams of Sambong leaves decoction in all three replications range from 11-12, 7-9

and 5-6 days for deep wound which was found fair, good and very good respectively and with

betadine from 3-4 days was very good to excellent as positive control. The effect of Sambong

leaves decoction and betadine in the number of days and redness and swelling of wound healing

in mice was found to be statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The varying concentrations of

Sambong leaves decoction produce different effect on deep wounds of mice. The greater the

concentration of Sambong leaves decoction, the faster the wound healing was ensured. (Krishna

Deo Das,Satyam Prakash, Khushbu Yadav. 2015).

Eleusine indica, a perennial herb that belongs to the Poaceae family, is locally known as

“rumput sambau”. The species can be found in the tropical regions and it is the only species of

Eleusine in Malaysia. In India, some parts of the plant such as the roots and the seeds are used as

food and can be eaten raw or cooked. The young seedling is also used as a side dish with rice,

while the seeds are sometimes used as a famine food. Although this grass is not considered as

food in Malaysia, the local people utilize it to treat various ailments such as hastening the

23
placenta delivery after childbirth, pain relieve for vaginal bleeding, asthma, fever, urinary

infection, haemorrhoids, and tonic for flu related symptoms. Due to wide spectrum of traditional

usage, a complete review of E. indica which focusing on food and medicinal perspectives is

necessary to organize and evaluate its potential for further studies and commercial exploitation.

The information on the species was collected from scientific journals, books, and reports

searched through available databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Directory of Open

Access Journals, Science Direct, Bioline International, and Reaxys. Contextually, the present

review reveals that apart from the roots, the plant is relatively safe to ingest. It represents a rich

source of nutrients and contains therapeutic phytochemicals such as flavonoids, steroids,

essential oils, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, fatty acids, anthraquinones, anthrones, triterpenes,

tannins, and alkaloids. Thus, E. indica can be considered as a natural reservoir for both food and

medicine. (Zakri. et. al. 2021)

Pansit-pansitan, scientifically known as P. pellucida Linn, is a medicinal plant valued for

its anti-gout properties which helps lower uric acid in the blood. It was one of the ten clinically

tested medicinal plants endorsed by the Department of Health. It was reported that pansit-

pansitan contained high amount of toxic metal like lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) surpassing the

limits allowed by the WHO [World Health Organization]. To regulate the uptake of nutrient

element in pansit-pansitan, the use of hydroponic culture through non-aerated Hoagland's

solution was studied. Metal analysis showed that pansit-pansitan grown and collected from

various locations showed that none of the plant samples passed the WHO standard of Cd and Pb.

On the other hand, plants grown in the UPLB greenhouse and gene back had Cd and Pb within

the WHO limit. Pansit-pansitan plants grown hydroponically had lower Pb and Cd content than

those grown in soil. (De Guzman CC. 1999)

24
 The research was conducted to determine if Pansit- pansitan (P. pellucida Linn) aqueous

leaf extract have in – vitro anti-inflammatory potentials. Fresh leaves collected were air dried

and subjected to aqueous extraction and prepared in different doses (200, 400, 600, 800 and

1000ug/mL). Inhibitions of HRBC lysis and protein denaturation were used to evaluate in-vitro

anti-inflammatory activity of the extract. Based on the findings of the study, Pansit- pansitan (P.

pellucida Linn) shows that with increasing dosage, membrane stabilization and protein protective

property also increases. The anti-inflammatory effect of the aqueous extract on the plant can be

attributed to the presence of its secondary metabolites which is known to have anti-inflammatory

property only that these metabolites are not sufficient enough when used in low dosage. (Jay

Andrea Vea D. Israel, 2020)

Generally, this study was conducted to determine the efficacy of Lakad-bulan (B.

balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan (P. pellucida Linn), Paragis (E. indica) leaves Organic Tea as an

Alternative Solution for hyper acidity.

This study has the following specific objectives:

1. To verify the claims of selected plants as tea that can be an alternative solution for

hyper acidity.

2. To examine if all the three organic tea plants possessed health benefits and

antioxidant properties.

3. To suggest another source of treatment in a form of organic tea for hyper acidity

that will be readily and locally available.

25
Statement of the Problem

This study was conducted to test the efficacy of Lakad-bulan B. balsamifera, Pansit-
pansitan P. pellucida Linn, Paragis E. indica leaves organic tea as an alternative medicine for
hyper acidity.

Specifically, this study aims to answer the following questions:

1. What is the pH reading of Lakad-bulan B. balsamifera, Pansit-pansitan P.

pellucida Linn, Paragis E. indica leaves organic tea?

2. What is the effect of Lakad- bulan B. balsamifera, Pansit-pansitan P.

pellucida Linn, Paragis E. indica leaves organic tea on Hydrochloric solution,

coke, and coffee in terms of pH reading and ph level?

3. Is there any significant difference among the efficacy of Lakad-bulan B.

balsamifera, Pansit-pansitan P. pellucida Linn, Paragis E. indica leaves

organic tea as an alternative solution for hyper acidity?

Hypothesis

26
 Ho: There is no significant difference among the efficacy of Lakad-bulan (B. balsamifera),

Pansit-pansitan (P. pellucida Linn), Paragis (E. indica) leaves organic tea as an alternative

solution for hyper acidity as compared to Turmeric tea.

Significance of the Study

This study determined which among the Lakad-bulan (B. balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan

(P. pellucida Linn), Paragis (E. indica) leaves is most efficient organic tea as an alternative

solution for hyper acidity than the common Turmeric tea. The results of the study were

significant to the following:

Person who suffers from hyper acidity. The most efficient organic tea will benefit

those who suffer from stomach abnormality to lower the risk of hyper acidity.

Community. Through the help of this research, the community will benefit for it would

provide them cheaper and effective organic tea and improve their awareness on the important

value of herbal leaves that can be an alternative solution for hyper acidity.

Teachers and Students. It will be able to know them about the importance of pH level

of an organic tea that they are drinking and to know if it is an alternative solution for hyper

acidity.

The Researcher. The researcher can also gain significance in the study. This would

improve the skills, strategy, and knowledge in engaging research.

27
 Future researchers. This will serve as a primary basis of the future researchers who will

conduct the same procedures and techniques.

Scope and Delimitation

This study determined the efficacy of Lakad-bulan (B. balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan (P.

pellucida Linn), Paragis (E. indica) leaves organic tea as an alternative solution for hyper acidity.

The study was conducted at San Miguel Rural Development High School (SMRDHS) 12 stem

room. The experimental period lasted for 2 weeks. Four different concentrations of distilled

water with 5 grams of each organic tea were used without replication.

To determine the efficacy of the 3 organic tea, pH meter and universal test paper was

used to know the pH level of each organic tea (The study did not include human testing).

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA): TWO - FACTOR without replication was used to

determine the Efficacy of Lakad-bulan (B. balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan (P. pellucida Linn),

Paragis (E. indica) leaves organic tea as an alternative solution for hyper acidity.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined in order to give a clearer understanding on how

the words are used in the study:

Blumea balsamifera. A scientific name for Lakad-bulan. In this study, the leaves of

Lakad-bulan were used to make an organic tea as an alternative solution for hyper acidity.

28
 Peperomia Pellucida Linn. A scientific name for Pansit-pansitan. In this study, the

leaves of Pansit-pansitan were used to make an organic tea as an alternative solution for hyper

acidity.

Eleusine Indica. A scientific name for Paragis. In this study, the leaves of Paragis were

used to make an organic tea as an alternative solution for hyper acidity.

Hyper acidity. This term refers to condition in which the acid level contains more than

the normal amount of acid in the stomach.

Concentration. It refers to the distilled water in 5 grams of each tea described as 235ml.

Efficacy. It refers to the potential level of Lakad-bulan B. balsamifera, Pansit-pansitan P.

pellucida Linn, Paragis E. indica leaves organic tea as an alternative solution for hyper acidity

and is described as less effective, moderately effective and most effective.

Ph Meter. Is an instrument used to measure acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

Ph Level. Is a measure how acidic or basic water it is.

Hydrochloric Acid. Is the water-based, or aqueous solution for hydrogen chloride gas.

29
 METHODOLOGY

Design of the Study

The study entitled “Efficacy of Lakad-bulan (B. balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan (P.

pellucida Linn), and Paragis (E. indica) leaves Organic Tea as an Alternative Solution for Hyper

Acidity” is an applied research that aims to solve issues related to stomach problem through

comparing on which among the 3 leaves possesses the lowest pH level that can lower the risk of

having hyper acidity. In this type of research, the problem identified a new system or new

method in order to solve the said problem.

Conceptual Framework

Based from the information above, a conceptual framework was formulated. The

researchers were driven of conduct the experiment.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Raw Materials:

 Lakad- Bulan
 Pansit-pansitan  Getting pH Pansit- pansitan
 Paragis Reading using leaves tea is the
the Universal most suitable
Test Paper organic tea that
Tools: can be an
 Digital Weighing  Testing the pH alternative
Scale level using a pH solution for hyper
 Universal Test Meter acidity
Paper
 pH Meter

30
 Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

Figure 1 discussed the flow of the study that was taken. The systems have 3 frames and

composed of input which consists of raw materials and tools that were used in the study and

through the process it undergone, such as getting pH reading using the Universal Test Paper and

testing the pH level using a pH meter. The expected output of the study is the most suitable

organic tea that can be an alternative solution for hyper acidity.

Procedures

A. Collection and Preparation of Plant Material

Seven hundred grams matured leaves of Lakad-bulan (B. balsamifera), Pansit-

pansitan (P. pellucida Linn), Paragis (E. indica) were collected at San Miguel,

Catanduanes. These were properly washed to remove the dust particles.

B. Preparation of the Three Organic Tea (Lakad- Bulan, Pansit- Pansitan and Paragis)

The washed leaves were then sun dried for 1 week until it can be powdered using

mortar and pestle. The researchers used scissors to cut the Paragis into smaller pieces

and be powdered easily. A sifter was used to make sure that the size of the powered

leaves is uniform. These were then placed a tea bag using a tablespoon. A digital

weighing scale was used to ensure that each tea bag weighs 5 grams. A total of 16

organic tea bags was prepared. 4 each of Lakad- Bulan, Pansit-pansitan and Paragis.

31
C. Getting the pH reading of the Organic Tea using a Universal Test Paper and pH Meter

The distilled water was tested first to make sure that it is an acid neutral having a

pH of 7. Then it was boiled using a heater. After that, the boiling distilled water was

poured into the 4 beakers containing the 4 organic tea and were stirred carefully. Then

after 2 minutes, the universal test strips were soaked individually into the 4 beakers for a

half second. The results were obtained through comparing the universal test strips with

the standard pH color chart that covers a range of 14 numbers – pH scale 0-14. After it

cools down, the 4 treatments were measured to have a standard temperature of 25 ℃ , so

the pH meter wouldn’t be affected by the high temperature. It also helps to ensure that

they are similar and it will not affect the acidity level of the 3 organic tea and the

Turmeric tea. The buffers were prepared for calibrating the pH meter. After it was

calibrated, electrode was placed in each organic tea and Turmeric tea with 4 different

treatments to read its pH level.

According to Wallace, 2015 the pH meter will be used to test the pH level. Before

testing the next beaker with another organic tea, the pH meter will then wipe to make

sure it reads the acidity level accurately. Using a pH meter is the most accurate and

effective way to test the pH level of a substance.

D. Collection and Preparation of Muriatic Acid, Coke and Coffee

The muriatic acid, coke and coffee were bought at San Miguel, Catanduanes.

Then the muriatic acid was poured in a graduated cylinder that would measure at exactly

0.50 ml. After it was measured it was then transferred into a 100ml beaker and was mixed

with 100ml distilled water, then the coke was poured in a beaker that would measure at
32
 exactly 235 ml. And the coffee was poured in a beaker containing 235ml boiling distilled

water. And were mixed carefully using a stirring rod.

After preparing, the researchers obtained the pH level and reading of muriatic

acid, coke and coffee, and were mixed with the 4 treatments.

E. Getting the pH reading of the Solutions using a Universal Test Paper and pH Meter

The universal test strips were soaked individually into the solutions with the

organic tea made from Lakad-bulan (B. balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan (P. pellucida Linn)

and Paragis (E. indica) organic tea and the Turmeric tea mixed with muriatic acid, coke

and coffee for a half second. The results were obtained through comparing the universal

test strips with the standard pH color chart that covers a range of 14 numbers – pH scale

0-14. The pH meter electrode was placed into 4 different treatments to read its pH level.

E. Data Gathering

The data that were gathered are the following: 1) most effective solution for hyper

acidity among Lakad-bulan (B. balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan (P. pellucida Linn) and

Paragis (E. indica) leaves and the Turmeric tea and 2) the pH level of each organic tea

and the Turmeric tea. Data gathering was done by actual measurement and recording.

33
F. Statistical Treatment of Results

The values were analyzed statistically using Analysis of Variance: Single – Factor

to find out if there is any significant difference among the efficacy of Lakad-bulan (B.

balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan (P. pellucida Linn), Paragis (E. indica) leaves Organic Tea

as an Alternative Solution for Hyper Acidity as well as to find out on which among the 4

different concentrations is the most effective.

34
 Figure 2. Flowchart for Testing the pH Level using a Universal Test Paper

Four beakers were prepared with 5 grams of each organic tea that is made from Lakad-bulan, Pansit-
pansitan, Paragis and Turmeric tea.

It represents 4 treatments without replication.

Digital weighing scale was used to ensure that the 4 organic tea will weigh 5 grams.

After being weighed, the organic teas were bagged individually.

Then the distilled water was prepared and tested to make sure that it is an acid neutral having a pH of
7.

Then the universal test strips were soaked individually into the 4 treatments for a half second.

The results were obtained through comparing the universal test strips with the standard pH color chart
that covers a range of 14 numbers – pH scale 0-14.

35
 Figure 3. Flowchart for Testing the pH Level using a pH Meter
Four beakers were prepared with 5 grams of each organic tea that is made from Lakad-bulan, Pansit-
pansitan, Paragis, and Turmeric tea.

It represents 4 treatments without replication.

Digital weighing scale was used to ensure that the 4 organic tea will weigh 5 grams.

After being weighed, the organic teas were bagged individually.

Then the distilled water was prepared and tested to make sure that it is an acid neutral having a pH of
7.

The water was measured to have a standard temperature of 25°C before it was poured into the
beakers, so the pH meter will not be affected by the high temperature.

It also helps to ensure that they are similar and the temperature will not affect the acidity level of the 3
organic tea and the Turmeric tea.

Organic teas were brewed for almost 2 minutes. While waiting, the buffers were prepared for
calibrating the pH meter.

After it was calibrated, electrode was placed in each organic tea with 4 different concentrations to read
its pH level.

36
 Figure 4. Flowchart for Testing the pH Level of Organic Tea with HCL using a Universal Test
Paper

The Muriatic Acid was poured in a graduated cylinder and was measured at exactly 0.50 ml. After it was
measured it was then transferred in into a 100 ml beaker and were mixed with 100 ml distilled water.

The coke was poured in a beaker and was measured at exactly 235ml.

The coffee was poured in a beaker containing 235ml boiling distilled water. And was then mixed carefully using
a stirring rod.

Then the organic teas were also prepared.

After preparing all the materials, the muriatic acid, coke and coffee was mixed with the organic teas.

Then the universal test strips were soaked individually into the 4 concentrations mixed with the diluted
muriatic acid for a half second.

The results were obtained through comparing the universal test strips with the standard pH color chart that
covers a range of 14 numbers – pH scale 0-14.

The water was measured to have a standard temperature of 25°C before it was poured into the beakers, so the
pH meter will not be affected by the high temperature.

Then the electrode was placed in each organic tea with 4 different concentrations mixed with muriatic acid,
coke and coffee to read its pH level.

37
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This section presents the results that answered the problems posed in the study.

Discussions are presented according to the following specific question posed in the study.

1. What will be the pH reading of Lakad-bulan (B. balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan (P.

pellucida Linn), Paragis (E. indica) leaves and turmeric tea using the universal test

paper?

Results of getting the pH reading each organic and the turmeric tea using the

Universal Test Paper as shown in Table 1 below revealed that Turmeric tea has a pH

reading of 6, Lakad-bulan tea has the pH reading of 7, Pansit-pansitan tea has 7 and

Paragis tea has a pH reading of 7. So, the three selected plants are all neutral while the

Turmeric tea the controlled variable indicate acidity.

Table 1. pH Reading of each Organic Tea and Turmeric Tea Using the Universal Test Paper

pH Reading of each Organic Tea and Turmeric Tea

Turmeric Tea Lakad-bulan tea Pansit-pansitan tea Paragis tea

6 7 7 7

pH reading using a pH meter

To have the most accurate and effective way in testing the pH level of the 3 organic tea

and the turmeric tea, pH meter was used in the study. Four samples – Turmeric tea having a pH

38
reading of 4.87, Lakad-bulan tea having a pH reading of 5.69, Pansit-pansitan tea having a pH

reading of 7.71 and Paragis tea having a pH reading of 7.42 were tested at 12-stem room of

SMRDHS. The results in testing the pH level using pH meter as shown in Table 3 below

revealed that Turmeric and Lakad-bulan tea are acidic and the other samples; Pansit-pansitan and

paragis tea were having a near neutral reading.

Table 2. pH Reading of each Organic Tea and Turmeric Tea Using the pH meter

pH Reading of each Organic tea and Turmeric tea

Turmeric tea Lakad-bualan tea Pansit-pansitan tea Paragis tea

4.87 5.69 7.71 7.42

The second question posed in this study is: 2. What is the effect of Lakad- bulan (B.

balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan (P. pellucida Linn), Paragis (E. indica) leaves organic tea on

Hydrochloric solution, coke, and coffee in terms of pH reading and pH level?

The results of the experiment shows that the 3 organic tea and the turmeric tea totally

affected the pH level of muriatic acid, coke, and coffee.

pH reading of the 4 samples mixed with muriatic acid using universal test paper

39
 Results of getting the pH reading each organic and the turmeric tea using the Universal

Test Paper after mixing it with muriatic acid who’s having a pH level of 2, as shown in Table 5

below revealed that Turmeric tea has a pH reading of 4, Lakad-bulan tea has the pH reading of 5,

Pansit-pansitan tea has 6.5 and Paragis tea has a pH reading of 4.5. So, there’s a various effect on

the pH level of hydrochloric acid after mixing it with the four samples.

Table 3. pH Reading of each Organic Tea and Turmeric Tea Using the Universal Test

Paper after mixing it with muriatic acid

T1- Turmeric tea T2- Lakad- T3- Pansit- T4- Paragis

bulan pansitan

4 5 6.5 4.5

PH READING 0 1 1.5 0.5

OF HCI - 4

The result shows that T2, T3, and T4 has a potential on lowering the pH level of hydrochloric

acid (HCl), while T1 has no effect. The result also indicates that Pansit-pansitan tea is most

effective one.

pH reading of the four (4) samples mixed with muriatic acid using pH meter

To have the most accurate and effective way in testing the pH level of the 3 organic tea

and the turmeric tea after mixing it with muriatic acid who’s having a pH level of 2, pH meter

was used in the study. Four samples – Turmeric tea having a pH reading of 2.35, Lakad-bulan tea

40
having a pH reading of 2.88, Pansit-pansitan tea having a pH reading of 3.73 and Paragis tea

having a pH reading of 2.86 were tested at 12-stem room of SMRDHS. The results in testing the

pH level using pH meter as shown in Table 7 below revealed that there’s a various effect on the

pH level of muriatic acid after mixing it with the four samples.

Table 4. pH Reading of each Organic Tea and Turmeric Tea Using the pH meter after

mixing it with muriatic acid

T1- Turmeric tea T2- Lakad- T3- Pansit- T4- Paragis

bulan pansitan

2.35 2.88 3.73 2.86

PH LEVEL OF 0.21 0.47 1.32 0.45

HCI – 2.41

The result shows that T1, T2, T3, and T4 has an effect on the pH level of muriatic acid. And

suggest that Pansit-pansitan tea is the most effective on lowering the pH level of muriatic acid.

pH reading of the 4 samples mixed with coke using universal test paper

Results of getting the pH reading each organic and the turmeric tea using the Universal

Test Paper after mixing it with coke who’s having a pH level of 2.5, as shown in Table 9 below

revealed that Turmeric tea has a pH reading of 4, Lakad-bulan tea has the pH reading of 5,

41
Pansit-pansitan tea has 6 and Paragis tea has a pH reading of 5. So, there’s a various effect on the

pH level of coke after mixing it with the four samples.

Table 5. pH Reading of each Organic Tea and Turmeric Tea Using the universal

test paper after mixing it with coke.

T1- Turmeric tea T2- Lakad- T3- Pansit- T4- Paragis

bulan pansitan

4 5 6 5

PH READING 0 1 2 1

OF COKE – 4

The given result shows that T2, T3, and T4 has a potential on lowering the pH level of coke. And

indicates that Pansit-pansitan tea is the most effective one.

pH reading of the 4 samples mixed with coke using pH meter

To have the most accurate and effective way in testing the pH level of the 3 organic tea

and the turmeric tea after mixing it with coke who’s having a pH level of 2.5, pH meter was used

in the study. Four samples – Turmeric tea having a pH reading of 2.64, Lakad-bulan tea having a

pH reading of 3.20, Pansit-pansitan tea having a pH reading of 3.43 and Paragis tea having a pH

reading of 3.07 were tested at 12-stem room of SMRDHS. The results in testing the pH level

42
using pH meter as shown in Table 11 below revealed that there’s a various effect on the pH level

of coke after mixing it with the four samples.

Table 6. pH Reading of each Organic Tea and Turmeric Tea Using the pH meter after

mixing it with coke

T1- Turmeric tea T2- Lakad- T3- Pansit- T4- Paragis

bulan pansitan

2.64 3.20 3.43 3.07

PH LEVEL OF 0.12 0.68 0.91 0.55

COKE – 4

The result shows that all of the tea has an effect on the pH level of coke. And indicates that

Pansit-pansitan tea has the greatest potential on lowering the pH level of coke.

pH reading of the 4 samples mixed with coffee using universal test paper

Results of getting the pH reading each organic and the turmeric tea using the Universal

Test Paper after mixing it with coffee who’s having a pH level of 4.46, as shown in Table 13

below revealed that Turmeric tea has a pH reading of 6, Lakad-bulan tea has the pH reading of 6,

Pansit-pansitan tea has 6 and Paragis tea has a pH reading of 6. So, there’s a various effect on the

pH level of coffee after mixing it with the four samples.

43
Table 7. pH Reading of each Organic Tea and Turmeric Tea Using the universal test paper

after mixing it with coffee

T1- Turmeric tea T2- Lakad- T3- Pansit- T4- Paragis

bulan pansitan

6 6 6 6

PH READING 0 0 0 0

OF COFFEE - 6

The result shows that there’s no effect on the Ph level of coffee after mixing it with the 4 organic

tea.

pH reading of the 4 samples mixed with coffee using pH meter

To have the most accurate and effective way in testing the pH level of the 3 organic tea

and the turmeric tea after mixing it with coke who’s having a pH level of 4.46, pH meter was

used in the study. Four samples – Turmeric tea having a pH reading of 4.36, Lakad-bulan tea

having a pH reading of 4.65, Pansit-pansitan tea having a pH reading of 5.28 and Paragis tea

having a pH reading of 4.91 were tested at 12-stem room of SMRDHS. The results in testing the

pH level using pH meter as shown in Table 15 below revealed that there’s a various effect on the

pH level of coffee after mixing it with the four samples.

44
Table 8. pH Reading of each Organic Tea and Turmeric Tea Using the pH meter after

mixing it with coffee

T1- Turmeric tea T2- Lakad- T3- Pansit- T4- Paragis

bulan pansitan

4.36 4.65 5.28 4.91

PH LEVEL OF -0.1 0.19 0.82 0.45

COFFEE – 4.46

The given result shows that T1 is acidic. The result also shows that T2, T3, and T4 has an effect

on the pH level of coffee, and suggest that Pansit-pansitan has the greatest potential on lowering

the pH level of coffee.

The third question posed in this study is: 3. Is there any significant difference among the

efficacy of Lakad-bulan (B. balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan (P. pellucida Linn), Paragis (E.

indica) leaves organic tea and turmeric tea as an alternative solution for hyper acidity.

Table 9 revealed the results of Analysis of Variance: Two-Factor without replication

among the of Lakad-bulan (B. balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan (P. pellucida Linn), Paragis (E.

indica) leaves organic tea and turmeric tea as an alternative solution for hyper acidity.

45
Table 9. Analysis of variance of Lakad-bulan (B. balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan (P. pellucida

Linn), Paragis (E. indica) leaves organic tea and turmeric tea

ANOVA

Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit

Rows 8.482867 2 4.241433 147.1017 7.98E-06 5.143253

Columns 1.5974 3 0.532467 18.46705 0.001965 4.757063

Error 0.173 6 0.028833

Total 10.25327 11        

Table 9 represents the result of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA): TWO – FACTOR

without replication on the significant differences among the efficacy of Lakad-bulan (B.

balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan (P. pellucida Linn), Paragis (E. indica) leaves organic tea and

turmeric tea as an alternative solution for hyper acidity. As shown in the Table 9 the observed F

value is greater than F critical value at df 2, and P-values of 7.98E-06 and 0.001965. Since the

observed F value is greater that the critical F value, the decision should be rejecting the null

hypothesis. Hence, results suggest that there’s a significant difference among the efficacy of

Lakad-bulan (B. balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan (P. pellucida Linn), Paragis (E. indica) leaves

organic tea and turmeric tea as an alternative solution for hyper acidity.

46
 SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary

The result of the study was answered by the following questions:

1. What will be the pH reading of Lakad-bulan (B. balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan

(P. pellucida Linn), Paragis (E. indica) leaves organic tea?

2. What is the effect of Lakad- bulan (B. balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan (P.

pellucida Linn), Paragis (E. indica) leaves organic tea on Hydrochloric

solution, coke, and coffee?

3. Is there any significant difference among the efficacy of Lakad-bulan (B.

balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan (P. pellucida Linn), Paragis (E. indica) leaves

organic tea as an alternative solution for hyper acidity?

Findings

Findings revealed that there is a significant difference among the efficacy of Lakad-bulan

(B. balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan (P. pellucida Linn), Paragis (E. indica) leaves organic tea as an

alternative solution for hyper acidity.

1. What will be the pH reading and pH level of Lakad-bulan (B. balsamifera),

Pansit-pansitan (P. pellucida Linn), Paragis (E. indica) leaves organic tea?

- Results of getting the pH reading of each organic tea using universal

test paper revealed that Lakad-bulan, Pansit-pansitan and Paragis has a

47
 pH reading of 7 while the Turmeric tea has a pH reading of 6. The pH

level of the 3 organic tea and turmeric using a pH meter also revealed

that Turmeric tea had a pH reading of 4.87, Lakad-bulan tea had a pH

reading of 5.69, Pansit-pansitan tea had a pH reading of 7.71 and

Paragis tea had a pH reading of 7.42

2. What is the effect of Lakad- bulan (B. balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan (P.

pellucida Linn), Paragis (E. indica) leaves organic tea on muriatic solution,

coke, and coffee?

- The results of the experiment shows that the 3 organic tea and the

turmeric tea totally affected the pH level of muriatic acid, coke, and

coffee.

3. Is there any significant difference among the efficacy of Lakad-bulan (B.

balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan (P. pellucida Linn), Paragis (E. indica) leaves

organic tea as an alternative solution for hyper acidity?

- Results suggest that there is a significant difference among the Lakad-bulan (B.

balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan (P. pellucida Linn), Paragis (E. indica) leaves organic

tea as an alternative solution for hyper acidity.

Conclusion

48
 This study was conducted to determine on which among the Lakad-bulan (B.

balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan (P. pellucida Linn), Paragis (E. indica) leaves is most suitable

organic tea as an alternative solution for hyper acidity.

After standard tests the researchers advances the following conclusions:

a. All of the organic tea; Lakad-bulan (B. balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan (P. pellucida

Linn), Paragis (E. indica) were possible to be an alternative solution for hyper

acidity.

b. The most suitable organic tea that can be an alternative solution for hyper acidity is

the pansit-pansitan tea that has a ph level of 7.71 using a pH meter.

c. There’s a significant difference among the efficacy of Lakad-bulan (B.

balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan (P. pellucida Linn), Paragis (E. indica) leaves

organic tea as an alternative Solution for Hyper Acidity.

d. Turmeric tea is acidic.

49
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Anonymous (n.d). Pansit-pansitan (Peperomia pellucida) Herbal Medicine from

http://www.medicalhealthguide.com/articles/pansit-pansitan.htm
 Pang, Y. et. al. (2014). Blumea balsamifera—A Phytochemical and Pharmacological
Review from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6272021/
 Euro Monitor (2019). Tea in the Philippines. Retrieved January 25, 2020 from
https://www.euromonitor.com/tea-in-the-philippines/report
 Apatas et. al. (2020) Secondary metabolite composition & Anti-inflammatory potential of
Pansit-pansitan (Peperonia pelludica Linn): An indigenous vegetable
https://innspub.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/IJB-Vol-17-No-2-p-278-284.pdf
 De Guzman CC (1999) Hydroponic culture of pansit-pansitan (Peperomia pellucida)
http://herbs.ph/index.php/ct-menu-item-3/completed/3307-hydroponic-culture-of-pansit-
pansitan-peperomia-pellucida
 Das et. al. (2015) THE EFFECT OF VARYING CONCENTRATIONS OF SAMBONG
LEAVES (Blumea balsamifera) DECOCTION ON WOUND HEALING
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306393395_THE_EFFECT_OF_VARYING_CO
NCENTRATIONS_OF_SAMBONG_LEAVES_Blumea_balsamifera_DECOCTION_ON_
WOUND_HEALING
 Ash (2011) The Role of HCL In Gastric Function And Health
https://www.clinicaleducation.org/resources/reviews/the-role-of-hcl-in-gastric-function-
andhealth/#:~:text=In%20chemical%20terms%2C%20it%20is,and%20sodium%20chloride
%20(NaCl).
 Abdul et. al (2011) Eleucine indica Possesses Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Cytotoxic
Properties
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2011/965370/

50
 APPENDIX
APPENDIX A
COLLECTION AND PREPARATION OF PLANT MATERIAL

The leaves that were used in the study are Lakad-bulan B. balsamifera, Pansit-pansitan P.
pellucida Linn, Paragis E. indica leaves.

The leaves were collected at San Miguel, Catanduanes.

Then the leaves were properly washed to remove the dust particles.

51
 APPENDIX B
PREPARATION OF THE THREE ORGANIC TEA (LAKAD-BULAN, PANSIT-
PANSITAN AND PARAGIS)

All the leaves were sun dried for 1 week But the Paragis E. indica, was cut using a
until it can be broken down into pieces or scissors in order to cut it into smaller or
powdered. be powdered easily.

After being dried, it was powdered using a mortar and pestle.

Then, use a strainer to separate the larger units to the powdered one.

52
 The powdered dried leaves were put in a tea bag using tablespoon.

Weigh using a digital weighing scale to ensure that it will weigh five (5) grams.

53
After being weighed, the non-woven cloth (tea bags) was tie up.

Distilled water was measured

to have a standard temperature
after it was poured into the
beaker, so the pH meter will
not be affected by the
high temperature.

Five (5) grams of organic tea were put in a 250ml beaker.

54
 Four (4) beakers with organic tea were settle down for two (2) minutes.

While waiting, the buffers were for It was calibrated.

prepared calibrating the pH meter.

Electrode was placed in each organic tea with four (4) different
concentrations to read its pH level.

55
 APPENDIX C
COLLECTION AND PREPARATION OF MURIATIC ACID, COKE AND COFFEE

The muriatic acid, coke, and coffee were brought at San Miguel, Catanduanes.

It was then poured in a 10ml graduated cylinder After it was measured it was then
that would measure at exactly .50ml transferred into a 100ml beaker
and was mixed with 100ml
distilled water.

56
 Then the coke was poured in a 250 ml beaker that was measured at measured at exactly
235 ml.

Then was poured in a 250 ml Mixed carefully using a stirring

rod.
beaker containing 235ml hot distilled water.

57
 APPENDIX D
GETTING THE PH READING OF THE SOLUTIONS USING A UNIVERSAL TEST
PAPER AND PH METER

58
59
The universal test strips were soaked individually into the solutions with organic tea made from
Lakad-bulan (B.balsamifera), Pansit-pansitan P. pellucida Linn and Paragis E. indica organic tea
and the Turmeric tea mixed with muriatic acid, coke, and coffee foe a half second. The results
were obtained through comparing the universal test strips with the standard pH color chart that
covers a range of fourteen (14) numbers – pH scale 0-14.

60
 APPENDIX E
MATERIALS

Mortar and Pestle Muriatic Acid (HCI) pH Meter Coke

Surgical Gloves Universal Test Paper Coffee Graduated Cylinder

eeeeee

Plastic Bottle

61
Buffers Alcohol Thermometer

Non-woven cloth (tea bags)

250 ml Beakers

62
100 ml Beakers

Distilled Water

APPENDIX F.
63
 Cost Analysis

Quantity Description Cost

1 pH meter Php 1,385.00

1 Digital Weighing Scale Php 150.00

2 Universal Test Paper Php 200.00

Php 100. 00 each

3 Muriatic Acid (500ml) Php 60.00

1 Muriatic Acid (1L) Php 95.00

1 Coke (1.5L) Php 70.00

21 Coffee (2g) Php 63.00

Php 3.00 each

1 Turmeric Tea Php 50.00

1 Tea Bag Php 100.00

1 Logbook Php 120.00

3 Distilled Water (6L) Php 240.00

Php 80.00

TOTAL: Php 2, 533.00

64
 CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA

Name: Janna Rose T. Bernal

Nickname: Janna

Date of Birth: August 1, 2006

Age: 15

Address: District II, San Miguel, Catanduanes

Place of Birth: Bato Maternity and Children’s Hospital,

Bato, Catanduanes

Civil Status: Single

Citizenship: Filipino

Name of Mother: Jenny T. Bernal

Name of Father: Rufino Bernal

EDUCATION:

Elementary: San Miguel Central Elementary School (2011- 2018)

Secondary: San Miguel Rural Development High School (2018- 2022)

65
PERSONAL DATA

Name: Jasmine Marie B. Soriao

Nickname: Jasmine

Date of Birth: June 19, 2006

Age: 15

Address: District III, San Miguel, Catanduanes

Place of Birth: Eastern Bicol Medical Center, Virac,

Catanduanes

Civil Status: Single

Citizenship: Filipino

Name of Mother: Teresita B. Soriao

Name of Father: Joel M. Soriao

EDUCATION:

Elementary: San Miguel Central Elementary School (2011- 2018)

Secondary: San Miguel Rural Development High School (2018- 2022)

66
PERSONAL DATA

Name: Ailah Francheska T. Tapanan

Nickname: Ailah

Date of Birth: March 4, 2006

Age: 16

Address: District II, San Miguel, Catanduanes

Place of Birth: Eastern Bicol Medical Center, Virac,

Catanduanes

Civil Status: Single

Citizenship: Filipino

Name of Mother: Ma. Aleth T. Tapanan

Name of Father: Jonald Tapanan

EDUCATION:

Elementary: San Miguel Central Elementary School (2011- 2018)

Secondary: San Miguel Rural Development High School (2018- 2022)

67
PERSONAL DATA

Name: Philip Miguel B. Tribiana

Nickname: Philip

Date of Birth: May 13, 2006

Age: 16

Address: District III, San Miguel, Catanduanes

Place of Birth: Eastern Bicol Medical Center, Virac,

Catanduanes

Civil Status: Single

Citizenship: Filipino

Name of Mother: Elizabeth B. Tribiana

Name of Father: Felipe Tribiana

EDUCATION:

Elementary: San Miguel Central Elementary School (2011- 2018)

Secondary: San Miguel Rural Development High School (2018- 2022)

68