UNIT) 3) | Get Ready BIG Question @ Words How do A Match the words and pictures. inventions ® change our lives? 1 lever Think and write. 2 b ramp 3 doorknob x A 5 Wheel and . 4 axle a ° . f light bulb 7 axe e eg 8 e eh stairs a wedge oi 8 10 ° © j hammer 116 Unit 13 Vocabulary: Tools, Inventions ‘Student Book page 126-128@ Circle the correct answer. 1A isa type of screw. a doorknob b light bulb enue ¢ lever 3 Sheused to push the cart into the building. a stairs b ascrew © aramp 2 A(n) isa lever that pulls out nails. a hammer b wheel and axle © axe ——— 4 He uses a(n) to chop wood. a axe A b hammer ¢ doorknob e Complete the chart. Write each word in the correct column. axe doorknob hammer ever light bulb ramp screw stairs wedge wheel and axle Simple machines Tools and household items lever axe Student Book page 128 Vocabulary: Tools, Inventions Unit13 117(> Read the article again. Which inventions are levers? Whi {) Read the article. What simple machines make our lives easier? inventions are wheels and axles? Remember, when you read, put the items you read about into groups to help you remember them later. Inventions 2 Then and Now For centuries, people have been inventing ways to make our lives easier. Let's take a look at some simple inventions that have improved our lives. Ramps ‘Around the year 2500 BC, the Egyptians built huge pyramids. The Great Pyramid of Giza was the tallest structure in the world for around 3,800 years. How was it built? People cut the big stones on the ground. Then they pushed them up ramps. It took about twenty years to build the Great Pyramid. Today we use cranes to lift building materials. Today we can build skyscrapers in less than one year. Levers Archimedes, an ancient Greek mathematician, was the first person to describe a lever, in around 260 BC. Levers help us lift heavy objects. People think that builders in ancient Egypt used levers to move and stand up stone pillars. Today many of the tools we use are levers. Hammers and scissors are levers. Seesaws arelevers,too. © are levers? 118 Unit13. Read ‘Screws The screw was first used in Greece in the first century. In ancient times, the screw was, used to move heavy objects by rotating them around in a circle. Today we use the screw to hold things in place. Think about the light bulb. It’s a kind of screw. ° Wheelsandaxles O The wheel was first used for transportation in around 3200 BC in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq). This wheel was a solid disk on an axle. It was probably used to move chariots. Today our modern transportation, like cars, bicycles, trains, and airplanes, all use wheels tomove.Even Think the doorknob is a wheel Think Which inventions are screws? Which and axle. And when was | inventions the last time you went to | are wheels and axles? an amusement park? The Ferris wheel isa_ wheel, too. ° [Student Book pages 130-131—\, TWH iititi ase @ How do simple machines help to improve our lives? Give one or two examples. Comprehension @ Classify and categorize. Complete the webs. 1. Use the information in the reading to complete the first web. Then choose another simple machine. Use examples of it to complete the second web. © Words in Context Read, write, and connect. jarlid nails seesaw wheelchair 1A ing playgroundisanexample ° of alever. ec ‘oa! 2A uses wheels and axles tohelpit © ea move. BAL is od ‘an example of a screw. 4 Ahammeris a lever that eb ° pullsout Student Book page 132 Comprehension Unit13 119Grammar in Use > © study the grammar. MER 100 or So and Either or Neither Affirmative Statements Negative Statements Hammers and scissors are levers. The wedge isn’t a new invention. Seesaws are levers, too. The ramp isn’t a new invention, So are seesaws. either. Neither is the ramp. Ispeak English. He didn't call me. Ido, too. So do I. She didn't, either. Neither did she. © Look and write. Complete the sentences with the phrases in the box. is,too isn't, either swere-tod aren't, either Aly Ind 1 Ramps were used by the Egyptians. 2. Ascissors is a lever. Levers were, too. Aseesaw 3 Hammers are not screws. 4. Alight bulb is not a wedge. Doorknobs ' Awheelchair 120 = Unit 13 Grammar:Too and Either ‘Student Book page 133Lever Wheel and axle Screw © Read the sentences. Rewrite the second sentence two ways, using too and so or either and neither. © Circle the correct answer. 1 Ahammeris a lever. A bottle opener is, too. 2. Ascrew is not a new invention. A wedge isn't, either. 3 Alight bulb uses wheels and axles. So does a train. 44944 aa 31 7 44 Levers don't help us lift heavy objects. Neither do ramps. 1 Ahammer is a lever. A seesaw is a lever. A seesaw is a lever, too. / So is a seesaw. 2. Adoorknob isn’t a ramp. A light bulb isn’t a ramp. A lightbulb isn’t a ramp, either. / Neither is a lightbulb. 3. Adoorknob is a wheel and axle. A Ferris wheel is a wheel and axle. 4 Screws are used to move heavy objects. Levers are used to move heavy objects. 5 AFerris wheel isn’t a screw. A hammer isn't a screw. 6 Trains and airplanes are forms of transportation. Subways and buses are forms of transportation. Grammar: Too and Either Unit13 121fs EEEEEIIIT Vc Word Study garbage bag glasses glider globe gramophone gum ©) Read the sentences aloud. Circle the words that begin with the hard g sound. Then number the pictures. Maggie put on her glasses to read the label on the bottle. Mr. Santos has a globe in his classroom. Aglider flies in the sky without an engine. Tom handed Henry a stick of gum at the park. People listened to music on gramophones over 100 years ago. au fwn = We raked up all the leaves and put them into a large garbage bag. Ome CO mm OR Or Og @ Complete each sentence. Use a word that begins with hard g. 1 AL _ isan airplane without an engine. 2. Mrs. Dixon listened to music on a when she was young. 3. Chewing is not permitted in gym class. 4 Dad wears to help him see better. 5. like to spin the and watch the countries go by. 6 After the party, we picked up all the paper plates and put them ina 122 Unit 13 Word Study: Words Beginning with Hard g Sound Student Book poge 135\)) Rewrite each sentence with a compound subject. Change the verb. 1 Aseesaw is a lever. (seesaw and hammer) A seesaw and a hammer are levers. 2. Aknife is a wedge. (knife and fork) 3 Alight bulb is a screw. (light bulb and jar lid) 4 Ahillis a ramp. (hill and mountain) (:) Write about an important invention and how it helps you. Read the example below. Use too and either in your writing. Use compound subjects with correct verb agreement. For example: Trains and buses are kinds of transportation. The wheel was a wonderful invention. All modern transportation uses wheels and axles. The car and the bicycle are great ways to move around. Trains and buses are great, too. What would we do without the wheel and axle? Student Book page 135 Writing Study: Compound Subject/Verb Agreement Unit13 123Get Ready Words © Look and label. | furnace glass glassblower glassware pitcher vase workshop oe Match. 1 eyeglasses 2. frames ° ° 124 Unit 14 Vocabulary: Materials, Work ‘Student Book page 136e Check (V) the correct word. Then match each sentence with a picture. TA makes things with glass. © a glassware b glassblower ¢ frame is used to hold water. a pitcher b wire ¢ furnace is hot. It can melt glass. @ workshop b furnace ¢ glassblower help us see better. a frames b vases © eyeglasses © Read the story. Complete the sentences with the words in the box. frames eyeglasses glass _ workshop My New Eyeglasses Mom takes me to the eye doctor. Ineed new we pick out the the so I can see better. First, . I choose the green ones. Lenses used to be made of , but now they're usually made of plastic. My eyeglasses will be made in .Mom and I will pick them up next week. 4 ‘Student Book page 136 Vocabulary: Materials, Work Unit14 125@ Read the story. Where did the boy and his father go? @ Read the story again. What did the glassblower make? How did he make it? Remember, after we read a part of a story, we can summarize what we read. We can write or talk about the main points in a sentence or two. The Glassblower My dad took me to visit Mr. Donatello, a famous glassblower. He lived in a small house in the country. Next to the house was his workshop. That's where he blew glass. When I was growing up, he taught me to blow glass. Let me show you how I make these beautiful things?” Mr. Donatello walked slowly toward the furnace. He placed a pair of protective plastic glasses over his eyeglasses. Then very carefully, he extended the blowpipe into the furnace and pulled out a ball of “Hello/’ said Mr. molten glass. Donatello: "Welcome First, he rolled the molten glass ball on a to my workshop. i table Bs Let me show you around” There were steel table. ° glass objects everywhere: glasses, vases, “This is to shape the pitchers, and bowls. Slowly and carefully, _glassy’he explained. we moved toward the glassware. I moved “Tm going to make a more slowly than my dad and Mr. Donatello. beautiful bowl” Twas afraid I might fall and break the delicate objects. ° ° Think ‘Summarize the second part of the story in one or two sentences. Then he used metal tools to help him get the ball into the shape he wanted. Finally, he began to blow into the blowpipe. Think ‘Summarize the first part of the story in one or two sentences. “Glassblowing was invented by the Romans in the first century BC’ Mr. Donatello explained. “For centuries, glassblowers Mr. Donatello worked more quickly than I've have been blowing glass to make objects ever seen someone work. And in just a short that hold water. My dad was a glassblower. _ time, he made a beautiful glass bow. “Thave to work very quickly,’ he said, "before the glass gets hard” 126 unit 14 Read [Student Book pages 138-134Comprehension _ © How did the invention of blown glass change people's lives? © Check the correct answers in 1. Number the steps in 2. Summarizi 1 What tools does the glassblower use? Ca an axe [Jb ablowpipe ¢ afurnace 2 How does the glassblower make the bowl? Number the steps in order. C} @ Roll the molten glass and use tools to shape it. —) b Pullout aball of molten glass. O ¢ Extend the blowpipe into the furnace. (} d Blow the glass. 3 Now write a summary of the process in your own words. oe Words in Context Circle the correct answer. 1 When you something, | 2 Sheheard coming into you hit it with a hard object. the workshop. a pound b bump c roll a glassware b footsteps _¢ molten glass 3. The glassware is very . 4 The boy was careful not to. a delicate b difficult ¢ flat Into thetable. a shape b bump c pound [Student Book page 110] Comprehension Unit 127Grammar in Use @ study the grammar. MEGAN comparative and Superlative Adverbs Comparative Adverbs Superlative Adverbs came earlier than you. Harry came the earliest. Max answered more carefully Of the three students, Max answered the than Ken. most carefully. Who ran faster, Gina or Carol? Who ran the fastest, Gina, Carol, or Miho? © Look and write the correct comparative or superlative adverb. 1 Billyran__the fastest _. (fast) 2. Who can jump 2 (high) 3 Igottoschool Allie. 4 Ididn'tsing__the (early) others. (loud) 5 Whoswims Sam —& «Ameliegottothe park or Andy? (fast) (early) 128 Unit 4 Grammar: Comparative and Superlative Adverbs Student Book page 141@ Circle the correct answer. 1 Imoved more carefully / the most carefully than my dad. 2 The glassblower moved more carefully than / the most carefully. 3. The glassblower worked faster / the fastest than he did before. 4 He worked faster / the fastest of all the local glassblowers. © Look and write. es fe - am ae az 1 (He / fastest) 2 (She / slowest) He runs the fastest. 3 (Bob/ faster than / Bill) 4 (Annie / slower than / Emma) © Rewrite the sentences using superlative adverbs. 1 The boy moved more carefully than his dad and the glassblower. 2. Mr, Donatello worked more quickly than other glassblowers. 3 A furnace gets hotter than an oven or a grill. 4 Mr Donatello shapes the glass more skillfully than his father and his grandfather. Student Book page 141 Grammar: Comparative and Superlative Adverbs Unit 14 = 1249ee" aaa Word Study harmful fearless careful fearful harmless careless © Match and write. 1 harm+-ful © 2 harm+-less © On 3 fear+-ful © ee 4 fear+-less © 5 care+-ful © 6 care+-less © e Read the story. Complete the sentences with the words in the box above. Fearful or Fearless? Carolyn and Amy are twins. But they are not alike. Carolyn loves to ride on the roller coaster. She is . Not Amy. Amy doesn’t like the amusement park. She is of the rides. Carolyn says the rides are But Amy 2 3 thinks they might be Amy is She writes her homework neatly and puts her books in her 5 backpack. Carolyn is She leaves her books lying around, and she often é loses her papers. Who are you like, Carolyn or Amy? 130 Unit 14 Word Study: Suffixes -ful and-less ‘Student Book page 143© Match the parts of each sentence. 1 After school, . © a_ after the race. 2 Talwaysstudyalot © b_ Mom washes the dishes. 3. Before dinner, ° © ¢ before breakfast. 4 Therunners felt tired © ed wetake the bus home. 5. After dinner, e ee before atest. 6 Iget dressed ° © f weset the table. © write about how an invention affected our lives. Read the example below. Use before or after in your writing. Use superlative and comparative adjectives (for example, slower than, faster than, the slowest, the fastest). Before the invention of the telephone, people had to send letters to their friends and family. The mail moved slower than our voices on a telephone today. After the invention of the telephone, people could call friends and talk to them anytime. Sjudent Book page 113 Writing Study: Before and After Unit 14 131eek Wrap Up writing © Read Kimberly's opinion essay about a useful modern invention. Label the parts of the essay. LLove My E-reader Lia Sn SE ta on invention is the e-reader. It is a good (Reis oer) ea econ and light. It holds lots of books. And I a use it to read in the dark. Come people say that they prefer real books to e-books. People need to understand why they are better. Real books take up a lot of space. ‘And they get old. E-books don’t get old. And they are all in one convenient place. E-readers give us all of our books at our fingertips Ce we want them. eo Prepare to write an opinion essay about a useful modern invention. Brainstorm ideas about useful modern inventions. Choose one and write it here. Organize your ideas. Write them in the chart. Why it is useful Why some people don't like it Conclusion e Now go to your notebook to write your own essay. Then read and revise it. My writing [_] Iwrotea topic sentence atthe [_] lincluded a short conclusion. checklist: beginning of each paragraph. Iwrote my opinion and gave Iread and revised my opinion essay. reasons for it. I wrote about a different view. a) Bremer oafreee o Look and write. eyeglasses fearless footsteps globe hammer ramp 1 2 © Two of the three words are correct. Cross out (X) the wrong answer. 1 This is usually made of glass. apitcher b jarlid — ¢ vase = 2) Glassblowers use this tool. a blowpipe b furnace wire BIG QUESTION \ % 3 These are ramps. q a seesaws bb stairs hills y How do inventions 4 This is a type of lever. change our ahammer b doorknob —_¢ seesaw lives?eo @ Complete each sentence with too, so, either, or neither. Make sure there is te subject / verb agreement. a 1 Alight bulb is a screw. 2. Pitchers are glassware. Ajarlid is, too. — bowls and vases. 3 Stairs aren't levers. 4 Ahammer isn'ta ramp. Mountains and hills ener, 0 Make two sentences for each picture. Use before in one sentence and after in the other. the game ¥ breakfast 1 Before the game ,weputonour 2 == SS I got uniforms. dressed. After the game __, we gota rode my trophy. bicycle to school. the race es yo tputon played soccer. my sneakers. did my Iwas very tired homework. e Circle the correct answer. 1 He swam faster / the fastest of the three. 2 Who came to class later / the latest? 3. Amy came earlier than / the earliest Sue. 4 Jon can jump higher than / the highest Sami. faved EGELIii>