HB For Faculty of Education only TITLE OF RESEARCH REPORT / DISSERTATION / THESIS | Atecorh Report Desert Thee hos gevealy bela the rane at ive follows | srescreh Roper (12 cet bows) = 14.0- 17,00 words | yrecne Roo( etbon) :10-2000 wr | omeics Disco ie 5 240-25.00 words | Mode) (2 eredit ous) | Masts Detain aed: 25,000-3000 wots | Nad) Go ered hous) ‘)Mastes Disurtaton(Miaed 0,000 40600 wort NAME OF * No) 0 eric bous) Mate Disertaion Resch 4000-6000 words Mote) PAD Thesis (Mixed Mode) 6000-30000 words PAD Thesis Resear Mode); 30,00 - 100000 words siinton of Word un: The Maximum wor cunt for oo ein tof oc ‘The maximum longi of words EXCLUDES fumes, ‘ference appenics ele, igre and preface, FACULTY OF EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR, YEAR OF SUBMISSION vm aha igh tem at white A pape 20127 mi gram) et May egg: Yer Now ema ae 2 | Seer‘TITLE OF RESEARCH REPORT / DISSERTATION / ‘THESIS WHICH HAS BEEN APPROVED BY THE FACULTY / SENATE, | nore: | Stasi | Seacine: 1s MARGIN: TOP, BOTTOM RIGHT 25 EM | Leriae | NAME OF CANDIDATE [THESIS/DISSERTATION] SUBMITTED IN [FULFILMENT/PARTIAL FULFILMENT] OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF [NAME OF PROGRAMME] FACULTY OF EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR YEAR OF SUBMISSION"(Please delete this pan) Depending onthe medium ofhess/dssertation, pick either the English o Bahasa Malaysia version and delete the other. UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA ORIGINAL LITERARY WORK DECLARATION Name of Candidate: (L.CIPassport No: ) Marie No: Name of Degree: Title of Project Paper/Research ReportDissertation’Thesis this Work") Field of Study 1 do solemnly and sincerely declare that: (1) Lam the sole autor'wrterf his Work, ©) This Wok isorsinal {@) Any use of any work in which copyright exists was done by way of fair dling and for permited purposes and any excerpt or extract fom, of reference to or reproduction of any copyright work has been disclosed expres and sufficiently andthe tile ofthe Work and its aaharship have ‘een acknowledged in this Work; (4) do not have any actual knowledge nor do I ought reasonably tow that the making ofthis work constitates an infngement of ny copyright works, (©) hereby assign all and every sights inthe copyright to this Wok to the Usiversiy of Maleya CUM), who henceforth shall be owner of the copyright in this Work and that any reproduction or we in any for or by ny means whatsoever is prohibited witout the weten consent of UM. having ben frst had and obtained (6) Lam fly ava hati inthe course of making ths Work Ihave ntinged ‘any copyright wheter intentionally or otherwise, T may be subjet olga ‘ction or anyother action as maybe determined by UM (Candidate's Signature Date: Subscribed and solemnly declared before, Witness’ Signature Dae: Designation:UNIVERSITI MALAYA PERAKUAN KEASLIAN PENULISAN Nama: (No. KPiPasport ) No. Matix ‘Nam taza “Tajuk Kentas Prjek/Leporan Penyelidikan/DisertasiTesis(“Hasil Kerja ini): Bidang Penyeliikan Saya dengan sesungguhnya dan sebenarnya mengaka bahawa: (1). Saya adalah satu-sstunya pengaranppenuls Hal Kerja in Q) Has Keja ini adalah ashi (G)_Apavape penggunaan mana-mana basil kerja yang mengandungi hakcipta telah diakukan secara urasan yang wajae dan Bagi maksud yang dibenarkan ddan appa petikan, ckstrak, rujukan atau pengeluaran semula darpada tau kesada mana-mana hes Kerja yang mengandungi hakeipta telah ‘dinyataban dengan sejlasnya dan secukupnya dan satu pengiktirafantauk hil keyja tersebut dan pengarang/penulisnya telah dilakukan di dalam Hiasil Kerja ins (@) Saya tidak mempunyai apaapa pengetahuan sebenar atau patut ‘semunasahahoya shu bahawa penghasilan Hail Kerja ini melanggar suatu Fhakefptc hail kerja yang lin; (6) Saya dengan ini menyerabkan kesemua dan tap-tap hak yang terkandung ai dalam hakcipta Hasil Kerja ini kepada Universiti Malaya (*UM") yang seteusuya ms dav sekarang adalah tuan punya kepada hakcipta di dalam Hiasil Kerja ini dan apo-apa pengeluaran semula ata pengeunaan dalam spa jue benke atau dengan apa juga cara sekslipan adalah dilarang tanpa terlebih dahulu mendapat kebenaran bertuis dari UM; (©) Saya sedar sepenuhnya sekiranya dalam masa penghasitan Hasil Kerja ini saya telah melanggar suatuhakeipta hail kerja yang lain sama ada dengan ‘iota sebalkny, saya boleh dikenakan tindakan undang-undang atau ‘apa-apatindakan lain sebagaimana yang diputuskan oleh UM. ‘Tandstangan Calon ‘Tarik Diperbuat dan sesungguhnya diakui di hadapan, ‘Tandatanzan Saks “Tarik Nama: SataABSTRACT Abstract should net be more than 500 words in both versions; Bahasa Malaysia and English Use abract ite For heading and abstract text for body of your abstract. Note: “The abstract should be written as one paragraph, double-spaced and should not be ‘more than 500 weeds. = Agood abstract should consist of brief description of the following: Statement of Problem (this includes the gap in literature brief) Objectives ofthe Study Methodology (Le. research design, sample 2, and instruments used) ndingseke ABSTRAK [Abstract shouldnt be more than 500 words in both versions; Bahasa Malaysia OR English, Use abstract ie for heading and abstract text for body of your abstract ‘SAMPLE OF A GOOD ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) tony nme Mayan smh Tis ty aed hs eco tase Sic arnop cesarean inn b SE prapiriensorndayyemnaarmayiiel cto mc ep St 0 ah weno pe BEN pe ed ener enreaenoyenn comarany ves eee een ate oe eee Seon eet il ctrameary macernenpon argues a a errant enna Sm actamnanan NOTE: ifthe thesis le writen in English the English Abstract need not have tl. The Bahasa Malaysia tile needs to bo shown in tho BM Abstract the thesis is writen in Bahasa Malaysia the BM Abstract need not have ite, The English ite needs to Be shown in the English Abstract ‘Both the ABSTRACTIABSTRAK and the TITLE must be in Capital letters and inACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: Most research reports, dissertations of theses have theit subsection to convey appreciation to thoxe who have been involved in the study Use ct site for acknowledgement heading and for style TOC, Note: Include a brief statement of thanks in recognition of any assistance.CONTENTS. Original Literary Work Declaration Form. A Abel oo ‘i AbsP OR rns . iv Acknowledgement neon 5 Table of Contents esnsnnnnnnnnnnnnnn . 6 List of Figures u List of Tables. so 2 List of Symbols and Abbreviations. 13 List of Appendices . - oo ld (CHAPTER 1: CHAPTER TITLE (HEADING 1, HI). LLL First Subtitle (heading 2,82) introduction . so 1.1L Second Sublile (Heading, 18) nnn sn 14.L1 Thin subside Headings, M) . 6 1.2. Fit Subd heading 2) intodution 16 1.3. Flest Subtle (heading 2,2) introduction 16 1.4 Fit Subtitle (heading 2,2) introduction 6 (CHAPTER 2: XXXXXX. (CHAPTER 3: XXXXXX. (CHAPTER 4: XXXXXXXX, Relerenee nnn 2List of Publications and Papers Presented 23 Appendix. 24 [SAMPLE OF TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH (Note: Students are encouraged to discuss with the supervisors on the relevant sub-topics that need to be included in the write up. This isjust an EXAMPLE only) ‘CONTENTS: (Original Liteary Work Declaration Form ii Abstract ii Absrok iv Acknowledgement y ‘Table of Contents. : “i Listof Figures. xiv List of Tables avi List of Symbols and Abbreviations. six List of Appendices. xx (Chapter 1: Introduction 1A Iatroduetion 1 1.2 Rationale ofthe Study, 3 1.3 Statement of Problem 6 1.4 Purpose ofthe Study a 9 1.5 Objectives af the Study 9 1.6 Research Questions 10110 ua 112 24 22 23 24 25 26 27 34 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 Research Hypotheses (ian)... Significance of the Seudy Limitations ofthe Study Scope ofthe Study. Operational Definitions, Summary. Chapter 2: Literature Review inrodetion Relatod Theories and Model ‘Theoretical Framework ofthe Stuy. Review f Constructs and Concepts Involved Review of Past St 65 Concept Framework Summary Chapter: Methodology Inrodoction, Reseach Design Population ofthe Sty Sample ofthe Stady Sampling Method Location ofthe tay Insrumentsof the Study ‘ality and Refabiity of Instruments Data Colleion Techniques u 2 14 a5 a7 1s 19 19 BS aa 45 65 66 66 68 v8 os “ 18 *3.10 Intervention Plan (or Experimental Study only) 3.11. Controlling of Threats to Interal Validity (oe Experimental Study only) A 3.12, Procedure ofthe Sty 3.13 Ethical Concerns 3.14 Pilot Test BAS) Data AnAS58 eee 7 3.16 Summary. Chapter 4: Findings 441 Ineoduction 4.2. Reporting of Findings (based on Research Questions) 43° Summary Chapter 5: Discussion and Conelasion 5.1 Intodveton. 52. Summary of Findings (not Summary of Research). 53° Discussion 54 Implication ofthe tly enn - 5.5 Recommentatons fom the Study nore. 5.6 Recommendations fr Future Research 51 Conchsion References List of Publications and Papers Presented Appendices References: 8 80 83 86 88 3 9 100 1 01 102 m2 14 16 120 124 bs 130‘Guidenes for the Preparation of Research Profec, Dissertations and Theses (2017). AASC, nvesty of Malaya {APA Famatting and Style Guide (6* Eton). Univers of Maya brary (UM), Publeston Manual the American Psychological Assocation (6 Eton), (2013) Purcue Onin Wing Lab (OWL: APA Formating and Style Guise.LIST OF FIGURES This list contains the tiles of Figures, together with their page numbers, whieh are listed inthe text. Por eg, figures in Chapter 3 are numbered sequeataly: Figure 3.1, Figure 3.2. For tite of list tables use over ft and TOCT for style. Figure 3.1: Example. 1 Note: This list should use exactly the same numbers and captions that appear below the figures in the text and the appendices. The numbering system is ‘according to chanter, for eg. figures in Chapter 1 are numbered sequentially: Figure 1.1, Figure 1.2 and so on.OF TABLES: ‘This ist contains te tes of tables, together with their page numbers, which are ised inthe text. The numbering system is according to chapter, fore. tables in Chapter 3 are numbered sequentially: Table 3.1, Table 3.2. “Table 2.1: Example 1 ‘This list should use exactly the same numbers and captions that appear above the tables in the text and the appendices. The numbering system Is according to chapter, for e..: tables in Chapter 1 are numbered sequentially: Table 1.1, ‘Table 1.2 and so on,LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Forexampes: ce Contra canal DAB: 33°siaminobenzdine HRP: Hoperaish peroxidase M5222: Tretine methanesutfonate Note: If necessary to the presentation ofthe thesis, this ist appears after the list of Tables anc FiguresLIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A: Example Note: This list contains the titles of appendices at the end of the research report/ cissertation / thesisNote: Main Text “Te text omanived ito chapters. There f= no restion on the total number of| hapters but fas tobe agreed pon by the supervisor andthe candaate. prs ot the examines ond examination baad can be taken into eorideration. General, he tse stuctre of the tess or asertation as folws: 1. Chapter: Inrodution “This chapter eracues the problem tobe invesgned and ts background the a, the researh objectives and research questons must be al aligned logical the ‘operation defn; the scope ofthe study and the Haton of he sty Note:The conceptual and theoretical frameworks can be included here or as Seen ppm other sections ofthe thes 2 Chapter? : Literature Review ‘etl review of past IReroture writen by accredited scelors and resorchers relevant the study must be dscissed carefully. The cendifate can review indepth research conducted as necessary from older publeatins but must Include ‘ecentfewent publications as wel 3. Chapter 3: Methodology ‘he research desc and procedures of samping, data colton and anata procedures must be explained and descrbed In detail with al the necessary Justis and examples forthe chosen approach. 4. Chapter 4 Findings ond Bacon Fdings must be presented vo the welten tet, ables and fgures and dyed ‘ean, Te interpretation of he findings mast be discussed ina schol mane. Note:The canddate may chose to separate Findings & Dscsson ino derek (Chapters = s0en appropriate, 5. Chapter 5 Discussion and Concsion ‘The study ndings must be summarized, decused, the mpcatlons,supgestons ‘rom eu, Suagestions for future reszarch and» condusion presents ‘A exaeof main txt ayut is shown as flow owe ay(CHAPTER {: CHAPTER TITLE (HEADING 1, H1) INTRODUCTION Beginning ofthe first line of each paragraph should have one (1) tab indentation. [seem] 1 Pia Subsite heading 2,12) ay +> First topic in each chapter shoul! numbered with “chaper number. Use Heading 2 <— ‘2 fore anfor table of content TOCS must be used. Heading 2 ext, heading 2 et, heading en, 2, heading 2 txt, heading 2 text, 2, heading 2 text heading 2 text nite (Heading 3) sn ech chapter use Heading 3 oF 3 fr ile and fr table of content TOC mut be wed Heading’ text heading 3 text heading text, 3, heading 3 ex, heading 3 ext, 3, heading 3 tet, eading 3 text. Heading 3 ext heading 3 et, heading ext, 3, heading 3 text heading 5 text, 3, heading 3 text, heading 3 text. Jeading 4 or hd fr tte and for abe of content TOCS must be used Heading 4 text, heading 4 text, heading text, 4. eating text adn 4 beating tet eng $text() Other sublites (Heading 5, hS) For other subiopics in each chapter use Heading 5 or hS for title, and number them with @),(b)... and for table of eontent TOCS must be use 1.2 First Sutil (heading 2,2) Heading 2 text, heding 2 text, heading 2 text, 2, heading 2 tet, eading 2 txt 2, heading 2 text, heating 2 txt Heading 2 eating 2 text heading 2 text, 2, heading? text, heading 2 text, 2, heading? text, beading? text. Note: ‘The Table of Contents lists the chapters, topes and sub-topics together with their page numbers. Subtopics and topics shouldbe labelled according tothe chapter, for example: ‘Chapter 1: Title (heading 1) 4.41 Heading 2 st Heading 3 AL. Heading 4 2. Heading 5 |. Heading 6 1.1.2 Heading 6 1.2Headlng 7 Footnotes, Endnotes and Notes 'APA does not recommend the use of footnotes and endnotes. Nevertheless, the APA format suggerte using footnotes for biotypes of information: cantant ‘comments and copyright permission.TABLES. ‘Tables are printed within the body of the text atthe center of the frame and labeled ‘according to the chapter in which they appear, Thus, for example ables in Chapter2 are numbered sequentially: Table 2.1, Table 2.2 ‘The label shouldbe placed above the table itself and has the following format ‘Table 2.1: Short Tile I the ible occupies more than one page, the continued table on the following page ould indicate tha: itis a continuation: fr example: “able 2.7 continued the able contains a citation, the source of the reference should be placed below the table An Example format Sada XX KolmogororSnimo and Shapro-Wie Tess for Normality Disribuion tn Sin Spi We Group Sig Sisco Conetgroup 00M ATOR" 096 HT Expevimenal 0105390200" 0979S gop - ‘Nola; Lllieon Sinifisnce Cometion ise alower bound of the te significance. ‘To insert label shove a table, click “Insert Caption” under the “References” tab and seleet “Table” in che dropdown list. Clik on “Numbering” and tick the “Include ‘chapter number" and select “period (.) as separator. When done lick “Update Table™ to.pdate the List of Tables.Note: “ables are usefl for presenting a large quantity of information clearly and concisely. They bypcally dsplay numerical data in columns and rows for easy Ccassifcation and comparison. Tables do not duplicate text, but rather present Information. They should be interpretable without the text. Basic Presentation and Formatting: 11. Numbering: Each table is preceded by the capitalized word “table” followed by ‘an Arabic numba (eg, Table 1.1, Table 1.2, Table 2.1, Table 2.2 and so on “according othe Chapter). The numer given toa tablets determined bythe order in wich tht ttl Is referred to in the tot (i.e, the fst table discuss is Table 1.1, the sacond fs Table 1.2, and so on) Capitalize “Yabe,” and do not bold or italicize the text. 2. Titling: Each table has a unique ttle written drecty below the table number. Tides should be brief yet descriptive. Capitalize each major word inthe te (but ot of, on, ln, nd, etc). Ttallcize tes. Dont put a period. Example: Mean Performance Scores of Students with Different College Majors 3 Spacing: Tables in the new 6th edition APA format can be double-spaced or single-spaced wth readability as the primary consideration. Spacing should be ‘consistent throughout the table. ‘4, Ruling: Put lines in a table only when they are necessary for clarity. Horizontal lines are permissible; vertical lines are not.FIGURES Figures, like tables are printed within the body of the text atthe cenire of the frame and Jabelled according to the chapter in which they appear. Thus, for example, figures in Chapter 3 are numbered sequentially: Figure 3.1, Figure 32. Figures, unlike tent or tables, contain graphs illstaton or photographs and thet Inbts are placed et the bot ofthe figure rather than a the tp (sing the same ‘format used foe ables) he Figure ocupies more than one page, the continued figure ‘on the following peg should indicate that itis a continuation: fo example: “Figure 37, continue’. Ihe Figue contains a itaton, the source ofthe erence shoud be placed atthe bottom, ater the label ‘To inser label below a figure, click “Insert Caption” under the “References” tab and select “Figure” in the dropdown ist, Click “Update Table” to update the List of Figures, ‘An Example FormatNUMBERING AND STYLES For making numbered lists use “numbered lists style “and fr bulleted list use “Bullet * syle. For both of them you will have I em indenion ‘Numbered list example Bullet ist example For explanation under bullet or numbered list use “indent” style which start a ‘paragraph with Lem indention. Do not change oa Normal or text style because this isthe base style for others 80 any change will affect other styles as wel.REFERENCES All wos or studies referred to in the esearch reportidissrttion/thesis inthe orm of ‘quotations or citations must be included in the references, The references should be ‘written consistently in the American Psychological Association (APA) format or in another format approved by the faculty. ach reference shculd be wetton in single spacing format and @ double space should be left between references. This list of references should not be numbered, Use Reference style Examples: In text format: (Angarmuthu & Remalingam, 2011) Buchalow, I. B, and Backer, W. (2010), tmmunohistochemisiry: basics amd ‘methods. Besln: Springer Verag. ‘Caumatio-Tublo, RL, Pérez, J, Fer, Sand Aldegune, M. (2007), Peripheral serotonin dynamics inthe rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mss). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 14502): 245-255 ‘Cakir, Yan Strauch, S. M. (2005). Tricine (MS-222) is safe anesthetic compound compared tn benzocaine ad pentobarito 19 induce anesthesia in leopard frogs (Rana pipiens). Pharmacological Reports, $7: 467-74. ‘Cameron, A. A. Plenderleith, MB, and Show, P. J, (1990) Organization of the spinal cord in four species of elasmobranch fishes: eytoarchitecture and distribution fof serotonin and. selected neuropeptides. The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 297: 201-218List of Publications and Papers Presented Published works aswel as papers presented at conferences, seminars, symposiums ele pertaining tothe researc topic ofthe research report dissertation thesis are sugested be included in this section. ‘The first page of the atcle may alo be appended as referenceAPPENDIX: (Please delet this part): Appendices consis of adtonal latration of datasources, raw data snd quott citations which are too long tbe plein the text. The appendix supports the writen text of the research reporissrtationthesis. Research Insruments such questionnaires, maps or computer programmes are pars of appendix too. Appendices can be divided into Appendix A,B, C ‘This page is optional: if you do not have any appendices, delete the entre page. PyFOR THESIS, DISSERTATION, RESEARCH REPORT, FACULTY OF EDUCATION (PLEASE REFER [GUIDELINE FACULTY OF EDUCATION AT OUR WEBSITE wovw.education.um.my) Cover) Spine of Volume : Gold Lettering, sie font 16. Spacing 15 ‘oud in sof (examination) hard {graduation cover reine with he colour inated bow = Research report (Ocean bue or ight bight Bue = Dissertation Derk red or maroon = thesis Dark red or maroon Documents requie fr submission forthe purpose of examination ae flows + _Atleastsic (6) printed softbound copies (or sch numbers as may be determined by the faculty ofthe dissertation thesis; + One) eecronc copy (POF format: nd + Submision of /issertaton/Thess for Examination Reexamination form, Documents required for final submission pri to graduation after completing the corrections fam, are as flows: + Atleast three (2) include printed hardbound copies fr such numbers as may be ‘determined y the Faculy) of the fal esearch pojct/leceration/ thes One (2 elecronc copy (POF format: and Fea submision for research projet/aissertatlon/hess form: Repository form: an Correction report form if applicable Words in a language that is different trom the language of the research report/ssertaton/hess must be ypedin ais, DDouble-spacing should be used throughout the text, including absract. Single-spacing shouldbe used for lng tables, quotations, footnotes and bibigraphc/ reference entries ‘The research reporisisertaton/hesis should be printed, single-sided, on high quality white Ad paper (201 x 297 mm; 80 grams}. Computer pinfeed printout papers not permite, ‘All page numbers ae tobe placed without punctuation 1.¢m from the bottom edge tthe ‘ighthand side The recommended Font and ze forthe page numbers ae Font type Times New Roman and fort size 10, ‘The ile pages corsidered as page i but the number snot typed. The Roman numeral i appears on the frst page that follows the tile page and continues through forall the Preliminaries, The whole body of et, the Bibllography/ References and the Appendices are numbered ‘consecutively in Arasc numerals {1 2, 3, et) beginning with Zon the Fst page ofthe text‘he research reporulissertatio/thess must be typed sing font type Times New Roman, font sire 19 (exept fr table ad igre) a jut, ing ern Ward vorinn Cor later, or sino word rocesingsoftare. Research repor/dssertatin/ thesis in rable "Should be typed using Font type Traditional Arabic in font sie 16, Words language that |sfferent rom the language of the research pojet/sseraton/thess must be typed in tales. For mathematical tents, the use of Equation Editor or LaTeXs advisable Script fonts are not permite. [APA doesnot recorrmend the use of footnotes and endnotes. Nevertheless, the APA format sagest using foottotes for two types of information: content comments and copyright ‘The 6th Edition ofthe APA Publication Manu gives the following guddance in elation to figures: A good fre: ‘Augments rather than duplicates the text, conveys only essential facts, omits distracting mater ands careful pines, Be certain in figures of al types that lines are smooth and sharp, units of measure ate Provided, axes are dear labeled, and elements within the Figure are labeled or explained. Bibllography / References \When cng inthe tt ofthe thes net cations, there ae several ues to remember: 1. Direct quotations (APA Manual 270-171) In addition tothe author and the date, direct quotations must alo include the page ‘umber (or paragraph number for non paginated sources). For example, (Smith, 2005, 1.27] oF fora pon paginated source, suchas online materi: (Sith, 2008, para.) Use ‘the abbreviation pp. for mutiple pages 2. Poraphrasing \when paraphrasing you donot need to include page o paragraph numbers. However, ‘the APA Manu! states page numbers may be inched to hep your reader locate the ‘material you wed nthe gna ource. 3. Authors nomein tg tine Smith (2008 stud psychomotor ability in football players. 4. Authors mein parentheses Complex psychomotor skils were explored by observing numerous football games (smith, 2008) 5. Twoauthors ‘You need ce both names everytime you refer toa work by two authors f the names are refered toin the text only the yar appears in parentheses; Ifthe names are not ‘eferred to inthe text, ince the names in the parenthetical reference joined by an ampersand (8) ‘Smith and Hanson (2007 found ahh ate of collaborative learning activity among the prticpants, 2 high rate of collaborative learning acthty wae found among the ariants (Seth Haron, 2007).10, Thee, four, er fe authors ‘You must cite ll authors, ether intext or parenthetical, the fst time they are referenced. From then on, use only the suname of the fst author, followed by eto Notice in he flowing examples Hat ea, which means “ond others” isnot talceed and ends with perio, Fist time others refered tin te text: Smith, Hasson, and Nelson (2008) conducted anexperement wate to active learning. Subsequent references tothe some auihors in the text: Smith et (2004 found thatthe subjects found active learing stimulating Fist tie auths refered to nthe porenthetica! reference: Partcpans in the study conduted an eqeriment related o active learning (Sith, Harzon, & Nelson, 2008), “Subsequent parenthetical references to same authors: The subjects in the study found active learning stimating (Smith eta, 2004), Sicormore autors When there aes or more authors, we the ast name ofthe fist author followed by et 4. For the frst tation inthe test 35 well a subsequent citations. Follow the same format for che parenthetical reference. fxample, smith et al. (2007) Secondary sours (APA Manuok, p. 178) {ie from orginal sources whenever posible. you need to ce something that was ‘mentioned or quoted in someone else's work, describe the original work i the text of ‘Your paper, bur cite the secondary source in your prenthetial reference and inthe Feference ist. hn example, If Hanson's work cited in Smith's work and you id ot ‘ead Harso’s work, you wil mention Harions work i the tent of your paper, but reference Smit’ work both parentheticallyandin the reference st follows Harrison's stud (as td in Sith, 2007) In this example Smiths work willbe the one listed in your reference. Work ete by tle po author even, use the art tie (n quotation marks) oF book te (aed) the text of your paper and in the parenthetical reference. You may ure just the fst several words, thetitle is ngthy For example, parenthetical referenceto the article “iterating Technology into Education” which appeared in New Sociol Science without {an dented author can be cited as ncegrating Technology” 2010), Personal commnications (APA Manvel, 2.173) Personal communications that are not recoverable, sch as personal or phone: Interviews. mal messages. and memos ae cited inthe text onl nd ae nt included Inthereference st. (A.M. Smith, ersonl communication, Septembe 2011) For more detailreferencing style on multiple authors authors of diferent ethic (eg. Malay, Chinese Inaian, Punjabi, et), please refer to “APA Formating ad Style Guide bythe University of Malaya ibrar” at htps//umlib.un edu my/scontents asp 8eid-1298p=tBvseen ”Appendix Appendices “The Appendix section supports the main writen text ofthe these The Appendices may consist of researehinstrument, aw data letters of consent, ong results tabes, photographs land such Appendices can be labelled as APPENDIX A, APPENDIX and soon [MISCELLANEOUS NOTES / GENERAL INFORMATION Use of Copyright / Plagiarism Postgraduate candiate of the University of Malaya are expected to produce original academic work Plagarism is defined asthe use of arginal wor, leas or actual ents created by others, without sknowledging the orginal source. Hence, aye to acknowledge the ‘work thers inthe work meas the candidates gully of plagiarism and maybe subjected ‘to scpinary action under the Univer of Malaya (Oiscpie of Students) Rules 1999. Postgraduate condiates are strongly advised to read the "How to Avoid Plogirim: A Handbook for Postgaduate students’, which outlines the rules and repuations pertaining to ats of plagiriem “The UniverstyalioHahly recommends the usage of Tun, an online web-based plagiarism detection application to avoid plagiarism andensure academe integrity. The similarityindex percentage should equal oor less than 15% (515%). “Te submited cree copy ofthe research ep szeration/ has nthe form af CD in POF foeat. is eqied te beled with he following deta Example: Tae Naar Tile Faeay Year a Suara Peston