Faculty of Agriculture, Engineering & Natural Sciences

School of Engineering & the Built Environment

Department of Mechanical & Metallurgical Engineering

Metallurgical Thermodynamics
(I3611TT)
Tutorial 2 (b): The Working Fluid
Lecturer/Tutor: Mr. Thomas Moongo
Date: 20th March 2023

Tutorial Instructions:

1. All students should answer all the tutorial questions.

2. The students should be prepared to share their answers during the tutorial session.
3. Students are expected to discuss/explain solutions and give their suggestions.
4. No spoon feeding! Students will not be given the tutorial memo. Students should
develop their own memo.
5. Students may verify their answers to some questions with the lecturer/tutor provided
they have made an attempt on the question and they can show what they have done.
6. Feel free to write down solutions from other students during the tutorial session.
7. Team work is allowed during the tutorial session. You can help each other during the
tutorial session.
8. Students are allowed to refer to the notes, textbooks, internet and other sources
during the tutorial session.
9. The lecturer/tutor will only be facilitating and coordinating the tutorial session.
Students will lead/drive the entire tutorial session.
10. The lecturer/tutor will randomly choose questions to be discussed/answered during
the tutorial questions without the awareness of students and also the student(s) that
should answer them.

1|Page
 Tutorial 2 (b) Questions:
1. Calculate the specific volume, specific enthalpy, and specific internal energy of wet
steam at 18 bar, dryness fraction 0.9.

2. Calculate the dryness fraction, specific volume, and specific internal energy of steam
at 7 bar and specific enthalpy 2600 kJ/kg.

3. Steam at 110 bar has a specific volume of 0.0196 m3/kg, calculate the temperature,
the specific enthalpy, and the specific internal energy.

4. Steam at 150 bar has a specific enthalpy of 3309 kJ/kg. Calculate the temperature, the
specific volume, and the specific internal energy.

5. Find the temperature, specific volume, internal energy, and enthalpy of dry saturated
steam at 9.8 bar.

6. Sketch a pressure-volume diagram for steam and mark on it the following points,
labelling clearly the pressure, specific volume and temperature of each point.
a) p = 20 bar, t = 250 ℃
b) t = 212.4 ℃ , v = 0.09957 m3/kg
c) p = 10 bar, h = 2650 kJ/kg
d) p = 6 bar, h = 3166 kJ/kg

7. Calculate the internal energy for each of the four states given below.
a) p = 20 bar, t = 250 ℃
b) t = 212.4 ℃ , v = 0.09957 m3/kg
c) p = 10 bar, h = 2650 kJ/kg
d) p = 6 bar, h = 3166 kJ/kg

8. Using the properties of ammonia given in the vapour tables by Rogers and Mayhew
ref. 2.1, calculate:
(i) The enthalpy at 1.902 bar, dryness fraction 0.95
(ii) The enthalpy at 8.57 bar, 60℃.

9. A vessel of volume 0.2 m3 contains nitrogen at 1.013 bar and 15 ℃. If 0.2 kg of nitrogen
is now pumped into the vessel, calculate the new pressure when the vessel has

2|Page
 returned to its initial temperature. The molar mass of nitrogen is 28 kg/kmol, and it
may be assumed to be a perfect gas.

10. A certain perfect gas of mass 0.01 kg occupies a volume of 0.003 m3 at a pressure of 7
bar and a temperature of 131℃. The gas is allowed to expand until the pressure is 1
bar and the final volume is 0.02 m3. Calculate:
(i) The molar mass of the gas
(ii) The final temperature

11. A certain perfect gas has specific heat capacities as follows:

Cp = 0.846 kJ/kgK and Cv = 0.657 kJ/kgK
Calculate the gas constant and the molar mass of the gas.

12. A perfect gas has a molar mass of 26 kg/kmol and a value of 𝛾 = 1.26. Calculate the
heat rejected:
(i) When unit mass of the gas is contained in a rigid vessel at 3 bar and 315℃, and
is then cooled until the pressure falls to 1.5 bar.
(ii) When unit mass flow rate of the gas enters a pipeline at 280℃, and flows
steadily to the end of the pipe where the temperature is 20℃. Neglect changes
in velocity of the gas in the pipeline.

13. Oxygen, O2, at 200 bar is to be stored in a vessel at 20℃. The capacity of the vessel is
0.04 m3. Assuming that O2 is a perfect gas, calculate the mass of oxygen that can be
stored in the vessel. The vessel is protected against excessive pressure by a fusible
plug which will melt if the temperature rises too high. At what temperature must the
plug melt to limit the pressure in the vessel to 240 bar? The molar mass of oxygen is
32 kg/kmol.

14. In an air compressor the pressures at inlet and outlet are 1 bar and 5 bar respectively.
The temperature of the air at inlet is 15℃ and the volume at the beginning of
compression is three times that at the end of compression. Calculate the temperature
of the air at outlet and the increase of internal energy per kg of air.

3|Page