THESIS New 12345 Copy 1 1

ELECTRON COLLEGE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
664 ELECTRON TECH. BLDG., QUIRINO HIGHWAY BRGY, BAGBAG NOVALICHES QUEZON CITY
CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT
IMPACT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MANDATORY ROTC AMONG
COLLEGE STUDENT BASIS FOR PUBLIC SAFETY
A Research Paper
Presented to
The Faculty of the Criminology Department
Electron College Quezon City
In Partial Fulfilment
Of the Requirements for 4th Year Criminology
Presented by:
Bulfa, Tristan Cyrus Valiente
Carig, Dennis C.
Merilo, Paul Ghilmer

TITLEPAGE………………………………………………………………………… i
APPROVALSHEET……………………………………………………………………ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………iii
DEDICATION……………………………………………………………………………iv
TABLEOFCONTENTS………………………………………………………………….v
CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY……...…………………………………….…..vi
Section 1-CHAPTER I
History of ROTC….......................................................................
Statement of the Problem………………………………………………………………..
Solution and Recommendation.…………………………………………...……….
Conceptual/ Theoretical Framework.…………………………………………...……….
Definition of Terms……………………………………………………………………..
Section 2 – CHAPTER II
Review of Related Literature……………………………………..
Section 3—CHAPTER III
Methods of the Study……………..
Data Collection Procedure………………….
Participants and Settings ………………………..
Section 4—CHAPTER IV
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data……………………
Section 5—CHAPTER V
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations………………….
REFERENCES CITED (in APA format)
Printed materials
Online sources
CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY
This is to certify that the action research entitled “IMPRESSION ON ROTC
IMPLEMENTATION AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS OF ELECTRON
COLLEGE” presented to the Research and Development Department Electron
College Main Campus embodies the result of original and scholarly work carried
out by the undersigned.
It is understood that if researchers are found to be guilty of plagiarism,
forgery, falsification, questionnaire or interview rigging, bribery, coercion, or any
other forms of academic dishonesty to be deemed by the Panel of Critics,
researchers will be subjected to whatever reasonable disciplinary action they
may impose on us.
Researchers also declare that this paper has not been accepted in any
local or international publication.
Bulfa, Tristan Cyrus valiente
Carig, Dennis

GRAMMARIAN’S CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that the undersigned has reviewed and went through all
the pages of the proposed research study entitled “IMPRESSION ON ROTC
COLLEGE.” and deemed this paper IN COMPLIANCE with the set of structural
rules governing the composition of sentences, phrases and words in English
language.
Ramil T. Alcon
Dean/Reviewer Director
Book Author
Criminologist of the year 2018

APPROVAL SHEET
This action research entitled “IMPRESSION ON ROTC IMPLEMENTATION
AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS OF ELECTRON COLLEGE.” prepared and
submitted by Bulfa, Tristan Cyrus Valiente, Carig, Dennis C. And Merilo, Paul
Ghilmer.
4th year Bachelor of Science in Criminology, Criminology Department was
approved by the Panel of Critics on________ with the grade of
______________.
Ramil T. Alcon
Dean/Reviewer Director
Book Author
Criminologist of the year 2018
Solomon G. Segundo Dominic Cabuag
Dean Criminology Professor

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the course of this academic undertaking, the researchers are blessed to
have met interesting people who encouraged and guided in the realization of
their dream, among them:
Ramil T. Alcon, for the motivation that knowledge is relentlessly pursued;
INFORMANTS, for cooperating with us during our research
FRIENDS, for helping us in order to finish and support this study;
FAMILY, who encouraged us and prayed for us all throughout the time of
our research and providing also for our financial needs; and
ALMIGHTY GOD, for guiding us throughout this research.
TCB,DC,PGM
The Researchers
DEDICATION
For the endless endeavor
And invaluable assistance exerted by their
Beloved parents, brothers, and
Sisters, professor, adviser, friends, love ones
And to all person involved
Who serve as inspiration and guiding light
All through the way
This research study is humbly dedicated to all of you!!!!

Title: IMPACT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MANDATORY ROTC AMONG
Researchers : Bulfa, Tristan Cyrus Valiente,
Carig, Dennis C.
Position : Members of the Faculty, Field of Specialization
College / Criminology Department
Institution : Electron College Of Technical Education
Year : E.C.O.T.E 2022 – 2023
This paper is a case study about prepare college students for possible service in
the defense establishment during the event of an emergency, train officers and
enlisted personnel for the reserve components of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines (AFP). And train potential Officers for possible direct Commission
ship in the AFP.
ROTC started at our school in September. It was started by the officers to be the
guide of the cadets in taking ROTC.

SUMMARY:
This research study aims to determine theIMPRESSION ON ROTC
COLLEGE. This study involves selected students from College Taking ROTC
subject
In determining the researchers’ goal in this research paper, survey is conducted
as form of their data gathering. Since this study is quantitative, the researchers
used the formula for simple linear regression to show the relationship of all
Courses or College Department taking ROTC subject
TABLE OF CONTENT
IMPACT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MANDATORY ROTC AMONG
CHAPTER 1
The Problem and Its Background
Introduction
The ROTC started in 1912 under the Philippine Constabulary with Cpt. Silvino
Gallardo as the first military instructor.
It started as a program to promote civil service, discipline, and order, through
military training, focusing mainly on drills, infantry tactics, and the use of the rifle.
When the first world war started and the United States got involved, then so did
the Philippines, leading to the creation of the Philippine Reserve Officers Training
Corps (PROTC) in 1916 in UP.
Then on 17 March 1922, the UP Department of Military Science and Tactics was
signed to be created by then UP President Guy Potter Wharton Benton and the
Board of Regents. Not only did it supervise the unit in Manila, but its reach also
extended to Los Baños and Cebu.

Captain Chester Arthur Davis of the US Army was appointed as Professor and
the first official Commandant of Cadets. The Department of Military Science and
Tactics molded and created leaders that shaped the history of the Philippines.
Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) in the Philippines is one of three
components of the National Service Training Program, the civic education and
defense preparedness program for Filipino college students.[1] ROTC aims to
provide military education and training for students to mobilize them for national
defense preparedness.[2] Its specific objectives include preparation of college
students for service in the Armed Forces of the Philippines in the event of an
emergency and their training to become reservists and potential commissioned
officers of the AFP.
Graduates of the ROTC advance program serve in all branches of the Armed
Forces of the Philippines. In 2008, ROTC graduates of the officer candidate
schools of the various services constituted roughly 75% of the AFP officer corps.
[3] The ROTC grants qualified student-cadets scholarship benefits through a
merit-based incentive program in return for an obligation of military service in the
reserve force, or active duty in the AFP if given the opportunity, after graduation.
ROTC student-cadets attend college like other students, but also receive basic
military training and officer training from the branch of service that handles their
school's ROTC unit. The students participate in regular ROTC instruction during
the school year (one school year for Basic ROTC student-cadets and three
school years for Advance ROTC cadet-officers), and extended training activities
during the summer, such as the ROTC Summer Camp Training (RSCT) and the
Advance ROTC Academic Phase Training (ARAPT).
ROTC units in colleges and universities are organized through the Department of
Military Science and Tactics (DMST) which is under joint supervision by the
school administration and the Department of National Defense. These ROTC
units are in turn managed by active duty officers of the AFP and the reservist
organization representatives of the major services, the Philippine Army Reserve
Command of the Philippine Army, the Philippine Navy Reserve Command of the
Philippine Navy and the Philippine Air Force Reserve Command of the Philippine
Air Force.
What is the purpose of ROTC in the Philippines?
The Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) is tasked to train and develop
college students in the rudiments of Military Service in order to produce capable
Armed Forces of the Philippines reservists.
What is ROTC in NSTP Philippines?
Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) in the Philippines is one of three
components of the National Service Training Program, the civic education and
defense preparedness program for Filipino college students.

What is RA 7077 all about?
Republic Act 7077: Citizen Armed Forces or Armed Forces of the Philippines
Reservist Act. AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE ORGANIZATION,
ADMINISTRATION, TRAINING, MAINTENANCE, AND UTILIZATION OF THE
CITIZEN ARMED FORCE OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE PHILIPPINES
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
What is the significance of ROTC as a student?
ROTC programs provide students with significant opportunities and benefits.
Participants in ROTC receive valuable training as well as financial support for
their education. They are supported in the development of strong personal traits
such as self-discipline, confidence, and leadership.
Why was ROTC created?
The purpose of the Army Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) is to develop
selected college-educated men and women for positions of responsibility as
officers in the Active Army, Army Reserve and National Guard. The ROTC
program that we know today, however, is a result of the National Defense Act of
1916.
What does ROTC teach?
Army ROTC. Army ROTC is one of the most demanding and successful
leadership programs in the country. The training a student receives in Army

ROTC provides leadership development, military skills and career training.
Courses take place both in the classroom and in the field, and are mixed with
normal academic studies.
Who invented ROTC?
Alden Partridge
The concept of ROTC in the United States was created by Alden Partridge and
began with the Morrill Act of 1862 which established the land-grant colleges. Part
of the federal government’s requirement for these schools was that they include
military tactics a..s part of their curriculum, forming what became known as
ROTC.
Is the University of the Philippines a Reserve Officer Training Corps?
The University of the Philippines Diliman Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (UPD
ROTC) led by the Cadet Officers, took the challenge to innovate and deliver
quality ROTC training online.
Where was the first ROTC unit in the Philippines?
Through this arrangement, the first official ROTC unit in the Philippines was
established in the University of the Philippines on 3 July 1922. In 1921, National
University became the first private college in the Philippines to have an ROTC
unit.
What is the motto of the University of the Philippines?

The motto of University of the Philippines Mindanao is ‘Honor and Excellence’.
What is Miss Philippines Earth’s motto? The motto of Miss Philippines Earth is
‘Beauties for a Cause’.
When is National ROTC month in the Philippines?
In celebration of the 2021 National ROTC Month and the International Women’s
Month, the University of the Philippines Diliman Corps of Cadets held its webinar
entitled SIYASAT: Breaking Down Gender Roles in the Philippine Army on 27
March 2021.
This research paper is about IMPRESSION ON ROTC
COLLEGE. The reason why the researchers chose this topic is because out of
curiosity as to the popularity of Implementation of ROTC for younger generations.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study aims to determine about IMPRESSION ON ROTC
COLLEGE.
Specially ,sought to answer the following Research Question
1. What if the profile of the Respondents in terms of
1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
1.3 Year Level
2. What is the level of Awareness of the respondents in the Current state of
Reserve’s Officers Training Corp in the Electron College?
3. Is the proposed impression on ROTC Implementation to be aware of
warfare, calamities and to be discipline Students ?
4. Why it is necessary to take the subject ROTC ?

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
In the Conceptual Framework, the researcher used their Problem as their foundation for
the research paper. And the research will determine whether the proposed mandatory
Implementaion of ROTC in the Electron College is a way to militarization through the
perception of the College Student in the Electron College.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
1. Respondents of Electron  Conduct a  There is a possibility of

survey using the Comment of all College
College taking of ROTC ROTC Student about ROTC
subjects Questionnaires program
 Write a  The Positive/Negative
2. Cite The problem permission letter Comment taking Subject
to conduct of ROTC
3. Gather related students and survey in the
literature about the ROTC Electron College
Gen T. De Leon
Campus
 Requested
permission from
Dean to Conduct
Survey
FEEDBACK
SETTING OF THE STUDY
This Study will be conducted in the Electron College Technical Education Gen T.
De Leon Campus, Valuenzuela City, Metropolitan Manila.
Figure 1. Electron College Gen T. De Leon Campus Map location

Figure 2. Gen T. De Leon Campus Building

Scope and Delimitation
This study focuses on the perception of the students in the
reinstatement of mandatory Reserve Officers’ Training Corps in the
Philippines under President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. Administration. The
respondents of the study are the One Hundred Student who currently
enrolled in Electron College for School Year 2022-2023. A self-prepared
questionnaire will be used to gather data for this study.
Definition of Term
ROTC- Reserve Officers' Training Corps
NSTP- National Service Training Program
AFP- Armed Forces of the Philippines
ARAPT- Advance ROTC Academic Phase Training
RSCT- Reserve Officer's Training Corps Summer Camp Training
DMST- Department of Military Science and Tactics
EO- Executive Order
RA- Republic Act
NPA- New People's Army

MNLF-Moro National Liberation Front.
CWTS-Civic Welfare and Training Service
UP- University of the Philippines
LPI -Leadership Practices Inventory
Military- Relating to or characteristic of soldiers or armed forces.
Philippine Airforce- responsible for both defending the Philippine airspace, and
conducting aerial operations throughout the Philippines
Philippine Army- Is its professional and overall head and Army of the Ground of
the Philippines
Philippine Navy-Sea Army of the Philippines And is the naval warfare service
branch of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.
LTS- Literacy Training Service

CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature
An article with a title Duterte to Congress: Require ROTC for Grade 11,12
students is used as a related literature for the research Reinstating Mandatory
ROTC: A means of Instilling Patriotism or Pacing towards Militarization it focuses
on President Rodrigo Duterte as he voiced his determination to make the
Reserved Officers Training Corps program mandatory for students. In a speech
on Thursday, November 22, he called on Congress to pass a law which would
require ROTC training for grade 11 and 12 students."I likewise encourage
Congress to enact a law that will require mandatory ROTC for Grades 11 and 12
so we can instill patriotism, love of country among our youth," he said during the
anniversary of the Army Reserve Command in Cavite. Duterte also said he was
considering issuing an executive order on mandatory ROTC, if Malacañang
lawyers say doing so is legal. "'Pag madala ng EO siguro, Executive Order baka
mapilitan ako if they do not act on it (If it can be done through an EO, maybe I will
be forced to issue one if they do not act on it). I said that this is a constitutional
requirement that you must prepare to defend your country," he said.Even
as a presidential candidate, Duterte had been supportive of mandatory ROTC,
even saying it would augment Philippine forces to repel Chinese aggression
proposal to revive a mandatory ROTC programfor college students was
discussed in a Cabinet in the West Philippine Sea. Two months into the
presidency, the meeting.The main argument of Cabinet members then had been
that with a voluntary ROTC, “discipline and love for country is not instilled”
among young Filipinos An article with a title Duterte to Congress:Require ROTC
for Grade 11,12 students is used as a related literature for the research
Reinstating Mandatory ROTC: A means of Instilling Patriotism or Pacing towards
Militarization it focuses on President Rodrigo Duterte as he voiced his
determination to make the Reserved Officers Training Corps program mandatory
for students.In a speech on Thursday, November 22, he called on Congress to
pass a law which would require ROTC training for grade 11 and 12 students."I
likewise encourage Congress to enact a law that will require mandatory ROTC
for Grades 11 and 12 so we can instill patriotism,
love of country among our youth," he said during the anniversary of the Army
Reserve Command in Cavite.Duterte also said he was considering issuing an
executive order on mandatory ROTC, if Malacañang lawyers say doing so is
legal.
 "'Pag madala ng EO siguro, Executive Order baka mapilitan ako if they do
not act on it (If it can be done through an EO, maybe I will be forced to
issue one if they do not act on it). I said that this is a constitutional
requirement that you must prepare to defend your country," he said. Even
as a presidential candidate, Duterte had been supportive of mandatory
ROTC, even saying it would augment Philippine forces to repel Chinese
aggression in the West Philippine Sea. Two months into the presidency,
the proposal to revive a mandatory ROTC program for college students

was discussed in a Cabinet meeting.The main argument of Cabinet
members then had been that with a voluntary ROTC, “discipline and love
for country is not instilled” among young Filipinos. An article with a title
Duterte to Congress: Require ROTC for Grade 11,12 students is
used as a related literature for the research Reinstating Mandatory
ROTC: A means of Instilling Patriotism or Pacing towards Militarization it
focuses on President Rodrigo Duterte as he voiced his determination to
make the Reserved Officers Training Corps program mandatory for
students.In a speech on Thursday, November 22, he called on Congress
to pass a law which would require ROTC training for grade 11 and 12
students."I likewise encourage Congress to enact a law that will require
mandatory ROTC for Grades 11 and 12 so we can instill patriotism, love
of country among our youth," he said during the anniversary of the
Army Reserve Command in Cavite.Duterte also said he was
considering issuing an executive order on mandatory ROTC, if
Malacañang lawyers say doing so is legal. "'Pag madala ng EO siguro,
Executive Order baka mapilitan ako if they do not act on it (If it can be
done through an EO, maybe I will be forced to issue one if they do not act
on it). I said that this is a constitutional requirement that you must prepare
to defend your country," he said. Even as a presidential candidate,
Duterte had been supportive of mandatory ROTC, even saying it
would augment Philippine forces to repel Chinese aggression in the

West Philippine Sea. Two months into the presidency, the proposal
to revive a mandatory ROTC program for college students was
discussed in a Cabinet meeting. The main argument of Cabinet members
then had been that with a voluntary ROTC, “discipline and love for country
is not instilled” among young Filipinos. chief Presidential Legal Counsel
Salvador Panelo had then said he would suggest amendments to
Republic Act 9163 or the National Service Training Program Act of
2001, which made the ROTC optional and voluntary in 2002.Yet Duterte
claimed in public speeches that he himself has attempted to skip ROTC as
a student .While an undergraduate at the Lyceum of the Philippines, he
supposedly tricked the military registrar by submitting another person's
medical documents to prove he was too sickly to take ROTC, thus
exempting him from the requirement. Revival of ROTC will be good for
the Philippines is a related literature used as reference for the study
Reinstating Mandatory ROTC: A means of Instilling Patriotism or Pacing
towards Militarization for it talks about the overwhelming support from
both houses of Congress for the Duterte administration’s plan to revive
the Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC), a short-term military
training program that used to be a requirement for graduation of
college students.Several senators and congressmen across the
political spectrum have endorsed the restoration of he said during the
anniversary of the Army Reserve Command in Cavite.Duterte also

said he was considering issuing an executive order on mandatory
ROTC, if Malacañang lawyers say doing so is legal. "'Pag madala ng EO
siguro, Executive Order baka mapilitan ako if they do not act on it (If it can
be done through an EO, maybe I will be forced to issue one if they do not
act on it). I said that this is a constitutional requirement that you must
prepare to defend your country," he said.Even as a presidential
candidate, Duterte had been supportive of mandatory ROTC, even
saying it would augment Philippine forces to repel Chinese
aggression in the West Philippine Sea.Two months into the
presidency, the proposal to revive a mandatory ROTC programfor
college students was discussed in a Cabinet meeting. The main argument
of Cabinet members then had been that with a voluntary ROTC, “discipline
and love for country is not instilled” among young Filipinos. chief
Presidential Legal Counsel Salvador Panelo had then said he would
suggest amendments to Republic Act 9163 or the National Service
Training Program Act of 2001, which made the ROTC optional and
voluntary in 2002.Yet Duterte claimed in public speeches that he himself
has attempted to skip ROTCas a student.While an undergraduate at the
Lyceum of the Philippines, he supposedly tricked the military registrar by
submitting another person's medical documents to prove he was too sickly
to take ROTC, thus exempting him from the requirement. Revival of
ROTC will be good for the Philippines is a related literature used as

reference for the study Reinstating Mandatory ROTC: A means of Instilling
Patriotism or Pacing towards Militarization for it talks about the
overwhelming support from both houses of Congress for the Duterte
administration’s plan to revive the Reserve Officers Training Corps
(ROTC), a short-term military training program that used to be a
requirement for graduation of college students.Several senators and
congressmen across the political spectrum have endorsed the
restoration of
officers, corruption, among others — that hounded the program in the past are
still in the minds of those who decried the 2001 killing of cadet Mark
Chua who exposed corruption that plagued the ROTC at the University of
Santo Tomas. After his death, ROTC became optional starting in 2002
through RA 9163 or the National Service Training Program Act. To gain
widespread acceptance and make the public realize the necessity of
ROTC in our country’s development and security, there is need to enhance the
program and put in place the necessary safeguards to avoid controversies
anew.Our leaders could be guided by what Lee said when he started building
Singapore’s defense system to the exemplar that it is today: “We had to re-
orientate people’s minds to accept the need for a people’s army and overcome
their traditional To the senators and congressmen supporting the revival of the
ROTC, steel yourselves against the criticisms of these terror groups and their
political fronts. They may couch their arguments in terms like “militarization” or
“return of hazing” but don’t be fooled. The Communists want a weakened
military so they can grab power for themselves. It’s time to end their 50-year
reign of terror. Reinstating Mandatory ROTC: A means of Instilling
Patriotism or Pacing towards Militarization used the article ROTC is good for
the Filipino Youth as reference for it contains Malacañang’s recent approval of
the plan to make the Reserved Officers Training Corps (ROTC) program
mandatory for all senior high school students certainly comes as good news
to those yearning for a more disciplined and patriotic citizenry. The move to
revive mandatory ROTC comes at a time when controversies — hazing, abuses
by trainers and cadet officers, corruption, among others — that hounded the
program in the past are still in the minds of those who decried the 2001
killing of cadet Mark Chua who exposed corruption that plagued the ROTC
at the University of Santo Tomas. After his death, ROTC became optional
starting in 2002 through RA 9163 or the National Service Training
Program Act. To gain widespread acceptance and make the public realize
the necessity of ROTC in our country’s development and security, there is
need to enhance the program and put in place the necessary safeguards to avoid
controversies anew.Our leaders could be guided by what Lee said when he
started building Singapore’s defense system to the exemplar that it is today: “We
had to re-orientate people’s minds to accept the need for a people’s army and
overcome their traditional.dislike for soldiering… Only if we changed people’s
thinking and attitudes could we raise a large citizen army like Switzerland or
Israel.” With public acceptance of an improved ROTC program, it would then be
easier to implement, if the need should arise, the provision (Article 2, Section 4)
in the 1987 Constitution which states that “Government may call upon the
people to defend the State and, in fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be
required, under conditions provided by law, to render personal military or civil
service.” Reinstating Mandatory ROTC: A means of Instilling Patriotism or
Pacing towards Militarization Reserving the Nation ROTC in the Philippines
contributed in the study Reinstating Mandatory ROTC: A means of Instilling
Patriotism or Pacing towards Militarization for its content.
The ROTC would not be restored as a mandatory program until President
Ferdinand Marcos signed Executive Order No. 59 s. 1967. Amendments were
implemented when he signed Presidential Decree No. 1706 s. 1980, also known
as the National Service Law. relatively large regular force is a reserve force of
almost the same size. To defend the rationale of this military buildup, Marcos
would shift the role of the armed forces from "internal security" (which
was meant to complement with American military presence in the Philippines) to
"external defense." Indeed, it was during the 1970s when the Chinese
began surveying what is now the West Philippine Sea (South China Sea),
and this was accompanied by the growingsize of rebel elements such as
the New People's Army (NPA) and the Moro National Liberation Front.
(MNLF). ROTC would become an optional program in 2001 with the National
Service Training Program Act (Republic Act 9163). This was after a "crisis"
caused by the death of a UST ROTC member, Mark Chua, in the same year.
As with the pattern once employed by Marcos, NSTP divides national
service into three components: civic welfare (CWTS), literacy training
(LTS), and military training (ROTC). With this move, ROTC students were
greatly reduced from 800,000 in 2000 to 150,000 in 2012. Most students
prefer to take CWTS or LTS as national service programs. Fifteen years
later, with the presidency of Rodrigo Duterte, ROTC is making a comeback
with advocates wanting it to be restored as a mandatory program. Duterte takes
a step further with pushing for ROTC in senior high school (that is, Grades 11
and 12). Of course, there are a number of benefits with the program's restoration.
Whether or not ROTC would become a mandatory program in the near future,
the ultimate reason behind the debate is the concern for national defense. What
is being done to ensure that the Philippines can be defended? This was being
asked by Quezon in 1935. Marcos tried to employ the rhetoric of "external
defense." Decades later, is the issue still plaguing our nation? Army backs
mandatory ROTC for Grade 11 and 12 is review literature for the study.
Militarization this is because it discusses on the Army’s official statement about
their full support to President Rodrigo Duterte’s plan to revive the Reserve
Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) program and making it mandatory for
Grades 11 and 12 senior high school students in private and public
schools nationwide.“Let me take this opportunity to ask Congress to expedite the

passage of the Reservist Employment Rights Act that is currently pending in
both Houses of Congress. I likewise encourage Congress to enact a law that
will require mandatory ROTC for Grades 11 and 12 so we can instill patriotism,
love of country among our youth,” Duterte said during the 35th founding
anniversary of the Army Reserve Command (Arescom) in Tanza, Cavite on
November 22. “We support the President’s plan as part of the reserve
development. The program should be implemented taking into consideration
the lessons learned in the previous ROTC program,” Maj. Ezra Balagtey,
Eastern Mindanao Command spokesperson, said on Sunday.Balagtey said
bringing back the mandatory ROTC will help the Armed Forces of the Philippines
(AFP) fulfill its constitutional obligation to produce a Filipino citizen that would
defend the homeland.“ROTC will help us achieving the real objective and
purpose by way of promoting patriotism and instilling discipline to these
students,” he added.The ROTC program was abolished in 2002 following
the death of Mark Chua, a student of the University of Santo Tomas who
exposed the alleged irregularities in his unit.ROTC became optional in college
when Congress approved the passage of NSTP Act of 2001 or Republic Act
9163. Leadership through ROTC: A Comprison of ROTC Leader Development
with NCAA Intercollegiate Athletics and the Traditional College Experience
summary is. Leadership is an art and a science that can be taught through
university level leadership development programs. This study examined the
effectiveness of United States Army Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC)

curriculum by comparing the leadership of ROTC students to the leadership of
university student-athletes and traditional students.Leadership is measured by
using Kouzes and Posner (2003) Student Leadership Practices Inventory
(Student LPI). The Student LPI define and measures five leadership practices:
Model the Way, Inspire a Shared Vision, Challenge the Process, Enable Others
to Act, and Encourage the Heart. 1,598 college students took the Student
Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI), each a member of one of the following
groups: 660 student-athletes, 794 traditional students, and 144 ROTC students
participating in an Army ROTC program. ROTC students were more likely
(p<.001) to perceive themselves to engage in all five practices of student LPI
than there traditional students peers. The National Service Training Program
of State College and Universities: An Assessment is a research related on
Militarization that focused on the extent of implementation of the features of
National Service Training Program in terms of program vision and mission,
services and activities offered, budget allocation, supplies and materials used,
personnel and faculty involved, and seminars and training conducted for
facilitators and implementers. Likewise, it looked on the extent of attainment of
the objectives of the program as perceived by the administrators and facilitators
of the program and finally the level of competencies of students enrolled in
(Reserve Officers Training Corps) ROTC, (Civic Welfare and Training Service)
CWTS and (Literacy Training Service) LTS. This study evaluated the existing
national service training program of selected state universities in Region III, in
which the findings could be used as the basis for the program enhancement of
the aforementioned state universities. In addition, the study sought answers on
questions of the implementers profile, the extent of implementation of NSTP in
terms of programs’ mission, goals and objectives, servicesand activity
conducted, adequacy of funds and resources, facilitation and equipment and the
personnel and faculty involved. Likewise, the level of competencies of the
students had been evaluated under the component of ROTC, CWTS and LTS
and their awareness on values, concept of community, dimensions of
development and contemporary issues in nation building. The program has been
evaluated based on the criteria of effectiveness, efficiency, responsiveness,
adequacy, equity and appropriateness. The program has demonstrated its
capability of filling in the economic, socio-cultural, political, and information
components of national security and development, enhancing welfare of
communities in contributing to the overall peace, development and national
security. The implementer respondents evaluated NSTP program as effective,
efficient, responsive, adequate, with equity, and appropriate to its intended
purpose. Two Measures of ROTC Effectiveness: Vocational Confidence And
Realism of Expectations is a thesis in relation with Reinstating Mandatory ROTC:
A means of Instilling Patriotism or Pacing towards Militarization for this study
initiates development of a self-report instrument which upon validation may be
useful in evaluating campus ROTC programs and in predicting job survival of

officers commissioned through ROTC. The 50-item military career questionnaire
developed in this study contains positive and negative statements concerning
various aspects of military life Career Army officers, ranging from four to ten
years of experience, reacted to the statements in the questionnaire as did ROTC
cadets and non-ROTC university students. The questionnaire results were
relatively reliable and significantly different overall scores were obtained for each
group with the scores of ROTC cadets more closely matching the scores of Army
officers than did the scores of non-ROTC university students. It appears that
ROTC cadets have higher confidence and more realistic expectations concerning
a military career than do non-ROTC students. This added confidence and realism
of expectations may be fostered by an effective job preview, i.e., the local ROTC
program, and according to expectancy theory, high vocational confidence and
realistic job expectations should enhance job survival. A longitudinal study is
proposed to validate the findings of this study. Reinstating Mandatory ROTC: A
means of Instilling Patriotism or Pacing towards Militarization Fraternities has its
related study entitled Definitions of Hazing: Differences Among Selected
Students Organizations it tackles sororities, military organizations, athletic
groups, and marching bands commonly are associated with hazing activities.
Although such organizations have been linked to hazing activities, the fact that
there is no common definition of hazing has hindered any real effort to challenge
and combat such activities. The purpose of this research study was to investigate
if the activities students define as hazing activities differ among the selected
student organizations. The selected student organizations included fraternities,
sororities, Reserve Officer Training Corps, NCAA athletic teams, and marching
bands. This research study discovered statistically significant differences (p<.05)
between women and men for physical hazing activities, psychological hazing
activities, and other hazing activities. Finally, this research study found 10
activities students in the aggregate identified as hazing activities, which moves
us toward a common definition of hazing Benefits And Difficulties Of The National
Training Program in Rizal Technological University is a research study that
focused on the benefits derived by the RTU students from this training program
and the difficulties observed in its implementation particularly, during community
immersion and employment or application of the classroom lectures and theories
learned by the student-implementers. Results showed that the benefits derived
from the program were topped by enhancement of skills on basic leadership with
emphases on the ability to listen and ability to communicate which were rated
very important and very much benefited among other training aspects of the
program and render them as indispensable attributes of a good leader. Results
also revealed that students are aware of the importance of physical, mental and
social health as well as the observance of proper hygiene for overall sense of
well-being. Although recreation is one aspect that the respondents find important,
appreciation of it underscores the need to have more time for assignments and
projects as most of the respondents are enrolled in their respective courses with
29 units, thereby rendering them unable to appreciate the perks of involving

themselves into various recreational activities. Difficulties in the implementation
revealed provision of materials and equipment and lack of budgetary
allocation top billed in the results of this study. These aspects rendered
full implementation weak as students and faculty involved in the community
immersion have to rely on their own resources, in addition to the
indifference and passivity of the local government officials wherein
implementers face risk as they are most times not appreciated. It is
recommended that RTU prime movers of NSTP-CWTS should look into
the process for proper coordination with the local government officials so much
so that both parties benefit from the implementation of the program and allocate
sufficient budget for the success of the program as mandated.

CHAPTER 3
THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Data Collection Procedure
This chapter discusses the methodology of the study that Impression on ROTC
Implementation among college students of Electron College. based questionnaire
which contains 5 items. This questionnaire is a bout the current status of ROTC. Each
Question of statements which are answerable by Yes or No. The respondents will be the
college student taking subject of ROTC in the school. They will be asked to read and
answer every question by checking the box provided.
Methods of the Study
This present study will utilize descriptive research design. Descriptive
research is the practical choice in this study because the researchers are
gathering definite data from the respondents to accurately distinguish if the
respondents believe that the ROTC program is effective for all College
student of Electron College. Because this is good for all College taking this
subject to knowledge about the military service also to survive alone, and
awareness for the calamities and build the behavior of students and the unity.
Participants and Settings
The whole population will be completed by the College student all department.
The total numbers of respondents are composed of one hundred. The
respondents are the College student of Electron Taking the Subject of ROTC.
CHAPTER 4
PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
TABLE 1: AGE OF THE RESPONDENTS
AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
19
20
21
22
The table 3 shows most of the respondents are 19, 20, 21 and 22 years old
The table 2: Gender of the respondents
GENDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
MALE
FEMALE
The table 2 represents the gender of the respondents it shows that the most of
the respondent female with a percentage of 50% and 50% of the respondents
are male.
Level of awareness about the current status ROTC Questionnaire YES NO
Total/Percentage
CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Chapter five consist of three parts, the summary where in important points
of the research study is presented conclusion presents the researchers ‘
conclusion based on the results of their study. Recommendation enumerates the
research application for the result of the study to their topic.
SUMMARY
The research study to determine the decline in the number of the selected
student of Electron College taking Subject of ROTC. This study involves selected
students from Student of Electron College taking of ROTC.
In determining the researcher goal in this paper, survey is conducted as
form of their data gathering. Since this study is Quantitative, the researcher used
the formula for simple Linear regression to show the relationship between the
Student of Electron College taking of ROTC subject.
This study aims to answer the following questions:
Based on the question above, the result were listed below:

Conclusion
The researcher of this paper therefore conclude that is a Impact of the
implementation of mandatory ROTC among college students Basis for public
safety
Recommendation
Listed below are the recommendation that can help in modifying the research
paper.
*The researches could expand more of their sample to their study
*The researches could improve more on their key terms.
*The researches should gather the whole population for the Students of Electron
College Taking ROTC subject.
*The researcher can use other formula statistical treatment of data
*Student should focus on Public Safety
REFFERENCES CITED
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ELECTRON COLLEGE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

IMPACT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MANDATORY ROTC AMONG

COLLEGE STUDENT BASIS FOR PUBLIC SAFETY

The Faculty of the Criminology Department

Electron College Quezon City

Of the Requirements for 4th Year Criminology

Bulfa, Tristan Cyrus Valiente

Merilo, Paul Ghilmer

Statement of the Problem………………………………………………………………..

Solution and Recommendation.…………………………………………...……….

Conceptual/ Theoretical Framework.…………………………………………...……….

Review of Related Literature……………………………………..

Section 3—CHAPTER III

Methods of the Study……………..

Data Collection Procedure………………….

Participants and Settings ………………………..

Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data……………………

Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations………………….

REFERENCES CITED (in APA format)

This is to certify that the action research entitled “IMPRESSION ON ROTC

IMPLEMENTATION AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS OF ELECTRON

COLLEGE” presented to the Research and Development Department Electron

out by the undersigned.

It is understood that if researchers are found to be guilty of plagiarism,

forgery, falsification, questionnaire or interview rigging, bribery, coercion, or any

other forms of academic dishonesty to be deemed by the Panel of Critics,

researchers will be subjected to whatever reasonable disciplinary action they

may impose on us.

local or international publication.

Bulfa, Tristan Cyrus valiente

Merilo, Paul Ghilmer

the pages of the proposed research study entitled “IMPRESSION ON ROTC

IMPLEMENTATION AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS OF ELECTRON

rules governing the composition of sentences, phrases and words in English

Criminologist of the year 2018

This action research entitled “IMPRESSION ON ROTC IMPLEMENTATION

AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS OF ELECTRON COLLEGE.” prepared and

4th year Bachelor of Science in Criminology, Criminology Department was

approved by the Panel of Critics on________ with the grade of

Criminologist of the year 2018

Solomon G. Segundo Dominic Cabuag

Dean Criminology Professor

In the course of this academic undertaking, the researchers are blessed to

their dream, among them:

Ramil T. Alcon, for the motivation that knowledge is relentlessly pursued;

INFORMANTS, for cooperating with us during our research

FRIENDS, for helping us in order to finish and support this study;

ALMIGHTY GOD, for guiding us throughout this research.

For the endless endeavor

And invaluable assistance exerted by their

Beloved parents, brothers, and

Sisters, professor, adviser, friends, love ones

And to all person involved

Who serve as inspiration and guiding light

All through the way

This research study is humbly dedicated to all of you!!!!

Title: IMPACT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MANDATORY ROTC AMONG

COLLEGE STUDENT BASIS FOR PUBLIC SAFETY

Researchers : Bulfa, Tristan Cyrus Valiente,

Merilo, Paul Ghilmer

Position : Members of the Faculty, Field of Specialization

College / Criminology Department

Institution : Electron College Of Technical Education