ASSIGNMENT-3

TYPES OF PRODUCTION SYSTEM

There are three common types of basic production systems: the batch system, the
continuous system, and the project system. In the batch system, general-purpose
equipment and methods are used to produce small quantities of output (goods or
services) with specifications that vary greatly from one batch to the next. A given
quantity of a product is moved as a batch through one or more steps, and the total
volume emerges simultaneously at the end of the production cycle. Examples
include systems for producing specialized machine tools or heavy-duty
construction equipment, specialty chemicals, and processed food products, or, in
the service sector, the system for processing claims in a large insurance company.
Batch production systems are often referred to as job shops.

ASSEMBLY LINE

In the continuous system, items to be processed flow through a series of steps, or

operations, that are common to most other products being processed. Since large
volumes of throughput are expected, specially designed equipment and methods
are often used so that lower production costs can be achieved. Frequently the tasks
handled by workers are divided into relatively small segments that can be quickly
mastered and efficiently performed. Examples include systems for assembling
automobile engines and automobiles themselves, as well as other consumer
products such as televisions, washing machines, and personal computers.
Continuous production systems are often referred to as assembly systems
or assembly line systems and, as noted below, are common in mass
production operations.

The two types of systems mentioned thus far are often found in combination. In the
production of integrated circuits for electronic equipment, for example, thousands
of circuits are processed as a batch on several large slices of silicon crystal through
dozens, or even hundreds, of processing steps. The tiny circuits, each only a few
millimetres on a side, are then separated and individually assembled with other
circuit elements on a continuous line to produce the final product.

Types of Production System in Operation

Management (OM)

1. Intermittent Production System

2. Continuous Production System
1. Intermittent Production System

In the intermittent production system, goods and services are produced to

fulfil the orders of the customer rather than keeping them in stock for the
future transaction.

Production facilities used in this system are flexible enough to produce a

wide variety of products according to varied order and need of the
customer.

Here the inputs and conversion process are continuously adjusted and
changed according to the design, shape, size, and quantity of is make the
flow of material and resources intermittent i.e. not continuous. Some
examples of the intermittent production system are.

 Workshop
 Hospitals
 Furniture manufacturing company
 Film making
 Building and bridge construction etc.

Intermittent production system can be characterized as follows 

 Production in small quantity

 The unbalanced workload on work centres
 High skill manner to carry out varied designed works
 High Process inventories
 Frequent change in planning, scheduling
 Highly flexible
 The high unit cost of the product

The intermittent production system can be classified as

 Job or Unit production system

 Batch production system

Job or unit production system: In job production system a single unit job
is completed by one or group of people at one time in accordance to or
order of customer eg. making furniture, making the bridge. Here the
product or service differs in accordance to customer order.

Batch production system: Here the production is done on batch ie, a

large number of similar products is made at one time in accordance to
order of customer or future demand of the customer. The second batch will
be differing from the first batch and second batch production start after
completion of the first batch only Examples are manufacturing of pharmacy
products, electronic goods, printing of books, etc.

2. Continuous Production System In this system

production is carried out in accordance with the sales forecast and stock
position. In this process raw material, process and products are
standardized. The importance is given to planning, scheduling controlling
activities. The system is rigid compared to in production system. E.g.
production of FMCG likes soaps, noodles, beers, etc.

The Characteristics of the continuous production system are: 

 intermittent Production is carried out according to sales forecasted

and finished goods are kept in stock
 Standardization of inputs, process, and products are done
 No storage of WIP goods between two process
 Due to the fixed standardized process, it is easy to plan, schedule
and controls the production activities

Submitted by: Nitheesh vinod

21MIB038