Mobile Ad-hoc Networks Routing Protocols

Routing allows data to be forwarded correctly from one node in a network to another node
that is not within its transmission range. Routing comprises three distinct phases, route
discovery, data forwarding, and route maintenance. The route discovery phase aims for all
nodes in a network to discover their neighbouring nodes and construct the necessary routing
tables. These routing tables can be constructed based on key metrics, such as minimum hop,
minimum transmission cost, energy consumption, overhead generated, and end-to-end
transmission delay. Routing tables allow nodes access to a suitable, maintained path for
efficient data packet forwarding. Should any routing failures occur; the node detecting the
failure will propagate an update packet through the network to notify other nodes of the
failure? Consequently, each node receiving the failure notification updates its routing table.