FINAL PAPER Of Mass Communication

PEMRA imposes ban on live-telecast of Imran Khan's speeches

A. This incident is a clear violation of freedom of speech and expression, which is

protected by the Constitution of Pakistan. According to multiple reports, the Pakistan

Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) imposed a ban on the live telecast of

speeches by Prime Minister Imran Khan. This decision was reportedly made due to the

perceived negative impact of the speeches on public opinion and national security.

B. According to the PEMRA Ordinance 2002, the authority has the power to regulate the

electronic media, including television and radio broadcasting. Section 27 of the

ordinance states that "no person shall use any licensed service for the transmission of

any programme which is likely to create public disorder, or affect the maintenance of law

and order." Based on this article, the ban on live telecast of Imran Khan's speeches could

be considered a violation of this provision.

C. This incident can be related to the Media Theory of Censorship and Control, which

states that the media is often subject to censorship and control by government and

other authoritative bodies. In this case, PEMRA exercised its power to censor the live

telecast of Imran Khan's speeches, which is a clear example of censorship and control

over the media. The incident raises questions about the role of regulatory authorities in

limiting the freedom of speech and expression in the media.

 PEMRA warns TV channels to refrain from airing content against state
institutions

A.This incident refers to a warning issued by PEMRA to television channels in Pakistan,

directing them not to air any content that is against state institutions. According to
reports, the warning was issued in response to a growing number of programs and talk
shows that were perceived to be critical of government institutions and policies.
B. According to the PEMRA Ordinance 2002, the authority has the power to regulate the
electronic media, including television and radio broadcasting. Section 20 of the
ordinance states that "no programme shall be aired which defames or brings into
ridicule the head of state, or members of the armed forces, or executive, legislative or
judicial organs of the state." Based on this article, the warning issued by PEMRA could be
seen as a violation of the freedom of speech and expression, as it restricts the airing of
content critical of state institutions.
C. This incident can be related to the Media Theory of Propaganda, which states that the
media can be used to disseminate information that supports a particular ideology or
agenda. In this case, the warning issued by PEMRA to refrain from airing content against
state institutions could be seen as an attempt to control the media narrative and restrict
critical voices. The incident raises questions about the role of media in promoting
accountability and transparency in government institutions

 Pemra issues show-cause notice to ARY News for airing ‘hateful, seditious
content against govt

A. This incident refers to a show-cause notice issued by PEMRA to ARY News, a Pakistani
television channel, for airing what was perceived to be hateful and seditious content
against the government. According to reports, the content in question was a talk show
that was critical of government policies and institutions.
B. According to the PEMRA Ordinance 2002, the authority has the power to regulate the
electronic media, including television and radio broadcasting. Section 20 of the
ordinance states that "no programme shall be aired which is against the ideology of
Pakistan or which is likely to endanger the security of Pakistan or is prejudicial to the
maintenance of law and order." Section 27 of the ordinance states that "no person shall
use any licensed service for the transmission of any programme which is likely to create
public disorder, or affect the maintenance of law and order." Based on these articles,
the show-cause notice issued to ARY News could be seen as a violation of the freedom
of speech and expression, as it restricts the airing of critical content.
C. This incident can be related to the Media Theory of Control and Regulation, which
states that the media is subject to various forms of control and regulation by
government and other authoritative bodies. In this case, PEMRA issued a show-cause
notice to ARY News, which is an example of government regulation over the media. The
 incident raises questions about the role of regulatory authorities in balancing the
freedom of speech and expression with the need to maintain law and order.

ANSWER 2:

1. Mobile phone forgery accused arrested

A. This incident refers to the arrest of an individual accused of committing mobile phone

forgery. Mobile phone forgery is a form of cybercrime that involves the manufacture or

alteration of mobile phones or other devices for illegal purposes, such as fraud or theft.

In this case, the individual was arrested by law enforcement authorities for allegedly

committing mobile phone forgery.

B. In Pakistan, cybercrime is regulated by the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act (PECA),

2016. Section 29 of the act states that "whoever fraudulently or dishonestly uses as

genuine any electronic signature, password or any other unique identification feature of

any other person, or falsely represents himself to be the owner of such electronic

signature, password or unique identification feature, or tampers with, destroys, deletes

or alters any information in an electronic form or in an information system, shall be

punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years or with fine

which may extend to five million rupees or with both." Based on this article, the

individual accused of mobile phone forgery could be punished with imprisonment for up

to three years or a fine of up to five million rupees, or both.

C. This incident can be related to the Media Theory of Cybercrime and Security, which

states that the increasing use of digital technology has resulted in a growing number of

cybercrime incidents, including fraud, identity theft, and hacking. In this case, the arrest

of the individual accused of mobile phone forgery is an example of how digital

technology can be used to commit cybercrime. The incident raises questions about the

need for effective laws and enforcement mechanisms to protect against cybercrime and

ensure online security

2. Man convicted in the First Judgement under the Prevention of

Electronic Crime Act (PECA)

A. The Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act (PECA), was passed by the National Assembly

of Pakistan in August 2016 and came into force on August 16, 2016. The act outlines

several offenses related to electronic communications, including hacking, spamming,

and identity theft.In the case of the man convicted under PECA, it is important to

consider the specific details of the offense. Without additional information, it is difficult

to accurately analyze the case. However, based on the general provisions of PECA, the

punishment for the offense committed by the man could include fines, imprisonment, or

both. The punishment would depend on the specific violation of PECA that the man was

convicted of.

B. As per the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act (PECA), the punishment for

cybercrimes such as hacking, spamming, and identity theft can vary based on the
severity of the offense. The act outlines the following punishments:For hacking, the

punishment can be imprisonment for up to three years, or a fine of up to PKR 1 million,

or both.For spamming, the punishment can be imprisonment for up to three years, or a

fine of up to PKR 50,000, or both.For identity theft, the punishment can be

imprisonment for up to three years, or a fine of up to PKR 1 million, or both.

It is important to note that these punishments are subject to change based on the

specific details of the case and the discretion of the court.

C. The incident of the man convicted under PECA can be related to the Media Theory of

cyberculture. Cyberculture refers to the culture that has emerged from the use of

computer networks and the internet. This theory highlights the impact of technology on

society and culture and how it has changed the way people interact and communicate

with each other. In the context of this case, the man's conviction under PECA is a

reflection of the societal and legal response to the rise of cybercrime and the need to

regulate and punish such offenses.

3. A judicial magistrate on Saturday indicted retired Capt Muhammad

Safdar, son-in-law of former prime minister Nawaz Sharif, in a hate speech

case.
A. According to multiple news sources, Capt. Muhammad Safdar was charged by the

judicial magistrate for making a hate speech in the city of Karachi, Pakistan. The case was

filed under Section 504 (Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of peace) and

Section 506 (Punishment for criminal intimidation) of the Pakistan Penal Code. The

speech in question allegedly contained remarks that were deemed inflammatory and

against a certain religious community. The case is still ongoing, and it is important to

note that the accused has the right to defend themselves in court and present evidence

in their favor. It is also worth noting that the defendant is a public figure and the case

has received significant media attention.

B. According to the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act (PECA) 2016, hate speech is

defined as "any speech, gesture, conduct, writing, or display, or any other mode of

publication, that directly or indirectly, allegedly threatens, intimidates, or incites

violence, or prejudicial action, or dislike, disdain, hatred, enmity, or ill-will against or

upon one or more other individuals or groups, or attempts to evoke such feelings."If the

accused is found guilty of hate speech, the punishment for the violation of PECA can

range from imprisonment for a minimum of three years to a maximum of seven years, as

well as a fine of up to fifty million rupees. The exact punishment will depend on the

specific circumstances of the case and the discretion of the court.

C. The incidents surrounding Capt. Muhammad Safdar's hate speech case can be related

to the Media Effect theory, which states that the media has the power to shape people's

attitudes and beliefs. In this case, the media coverage of the hate speech and the

ongoing court proceedings has the potential to influence public opinion and shape

societal attitudes towards hate speech and discrimination. Additionally, the case raises

important questions about the role of media in reporting on hate speech incidents and

the responsibility of public figures to promote respect and tolerance in their speeches