PRESENTATION

1) ARE THERE ANY RELATIONSHIPS AMONG EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE, SALARY,

TRAINING, EXPERIENCE, MANAGEMENT STYLE, MANAGER’S SUPPORT AND HEAVY
WORKLOAD? WHICH OF THEM ARE SIGNIFICANT?

SPSS METHOD
Step 1 : Select ANALYZE
on the SPSS menu bar.
1) ARE THERE ANY RELATIONSHIPS AMONG EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE, SALARY,
TRAINING, EXPERIENCE, MANAGEMENT STYLE, MANAGER’S SUPPORT AND HEAVY
WORKLOAD? WHICH OF THEM ARE SIGNIFICANT?

SPSS METHOD
Step 2: Click Correlate and
choose Bivariate
1) ARE THERE ANY RELATIONSHIPS AMONG EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE, SALARY,
TRAINING, EXPERIENCE, MANAGEMENT STYLE, MANAGER’S SUPPORT AND HEAVY
WORKLOAD? WHICH OF THEM ARE SIGNIFICANT?

SPSS METHOD
Step 3: Put all of the metric
variables in and click OK
1) ARE THERE ANY RELATIONSHIPS AMONG EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE, SALARY,
TRAINING, EXPERIENCE, MANAGEMENT STYLE, MANAGER’S SUPPORT AND HEAVY
WORKLOAD? WHICH OF THEM ARE SIGNIFICANT?

Answer
There are relationships among EMP,
SAL, TRA, EXP, MAS, SUP (the sig
figure is lower than 0.05).
There are relationships among HWL,
MAS and SUP (sig < 0.05).
However, with HWL, as the sig is
bigger than 0.05, there are no
relationship between HWL and EMP,
SAL, TRA or EXP.
QUESTION 2
The EMP is potentially influenced
by both SAL and MAS. If this is the
case, to which extent the variation
of EMP is uniquely due to SAL? And,
uniquely due to MAS?

SPSS METHOD

Step 1: Select Analyze from the SPSS

menu bar.
Step 2: Click Correlation then Partial
... to which extent the variation
of EMP is uniquely due to MAS?
 ANSWER
Significant level: 0.00 < 0.05

--> Employees’ performance

is influenced by

management style.

Correlation between EMP

and MAS: 0.445 < 0.668 -->

overlapping
...to which extent the variation
of EMP is uniquely due to SAL?
 ANSWER
Significant level: 0.00 < 0.05

--> employees’ performance

is influenced by salary

Correlation between EMP

and SAL: 0.336 < 0.622 -->

overlapping
3) WHETHER INCREASING SALARY IS A GOOD SOLUTION FOR IMPROVING
EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE? TO WHICH EXTENT EMPLOYEES’ SALARY
PREDICTS THEIR PERFORMANCE?
The research model can predict employees'

performance base on their salaries

sig. of SAL is < 0.001 (< 0.05) => SAL can be predictor for EMP

The equation is: EMP = 2.027 + 0.586SAL

--> SAL increases by 1 unit --> EMP increases by 0.586 unit

Conclusion: If the managers increase the salaries for employees,

their performance will increase.
Adjusted R square = 0.387 --> 38.6% of employees’

performance can be explained by salary

SAL is a good predictor for EMP

Whether providing more
supports from managers is a
good solution for improving
employees’ performance?
Identify the extent to which
employees’ performance is
explained by managers’
support?

SPSS METHOD

STEP 1
Analyze > Regression > Linear
 STEP 2
Move "EMP" into the Dependent box.
Move “SUP” into the Independent(s) box.

Click OK
R Square = .009: only 0.9% of the employee’s performance can be
explained by support from the managers.

=> This is not a good model

 sig. = 0.045 < 0.05

=> The research model can predict performance base on

managers’ support
sig. of SUP is 0.045 (< 0.05) => SUP can be predictor for EMP

The equation is: EMP = 4.734 + 0.077 SUP (sig. of constant and SUP
are 0.000 and 0.045, lower than 0.05)

B is 0.077 --> SUP increases by 1 unit --> EMP only increases by

0.077 --> Coefficient of SUP is low

Conclusion: Even if the managers spend more time and resources

on employees, there performance only increase slightly.
QUESTION 5: MULTIPLE
LINEAR REGRESSION

Step 1: Select Analyze from the SPSS menu bar.

Step 2: Click Regression and then Linear...
QUESTION 5: MULTIPLE
LINEAR REGRESSION

Step 3: Move "EMP" into the Dependent box.

Step 4: Move “SAL”, “TRA”, “EXP”, “MAS”,
“SUP”, “HWL” into the Independent(s) box.
QUESTION 5: MULTIPLE
LINEAR REGRESSION

Step 5: Click on Statistics and check

Estimates under Regression Coefficients.
Step 6: Check Model fit.
Step 7: Check Collinearity diagnostics.
Step 8: Click Continue and then click OK.
5.1) DO SALARY, TRAINING, EXPERIENCE, MANAGERS’ SUPPORT, MANAGEMENT STYLE AND
HEAVY WORKLOAD PREDICT EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE?

As the VIF figures of all independent variables are all smaller than 5,
the model is free from multi-collinearity.
5.1) DO SALARY, TRAINING, EXPERIENCE, MANAGERS’ SUPPORT, MANAGEMENT STYLE AND
HEAVY WORKLOAD PREDICT EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE?

Salary (SAL), training (TRA), experience (EXP), and management style

(MAS) does predict employee's performance (EMP) as their sig. are all
below .01 (= significant at the 1% level)
5.1) DO SALARY, TRAINING, EXPERIENCE, MANAGERS’ SUPPORT, MANAGEMENT STYLE AND
HEAVY WORKLOAD PREDICT EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE?

However, managers’ support (SUP) and heavy workload (HWL)

does not predict employee's performance (EMP) as their sig. are
all above .1 (= not significant even at the 10% level)
5.2) TO WHICH EXTENT EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE IS EXPLAINED BY ALL THESE FACTORS?

55.5% of the total variation of Employees' Performance (EMP) can be

explained by all these factors.
5.3) AMONG THE INFLUENCING FACTORS, WHICH IS THE MOST AND THE LEAST IMPORTANT
FACTOR IN DETERMINING EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE?

The most important factor: Training (TRA)

The least important factor: Heavy Workload (HWL)
THANK
YOU