A Review of Cyber-Physical System Research Relevant To The Emerging It Trends: Industry 4.0, Iot, Big Data, and Cloud Computing

Journal of Industrial Integration and Management
Vol. 2, No. 3 (2017) 1750011 (22 pages)

.c World Scienti¯c Publishing Co.
#
DOI: 10.1142/S2424862217500117
A Review of Cyber-Physical System Research

Relevant to the Emerging IT Trends: Industry
4.0, IoT, Big Data, and Cloud Computing
Jin Ho Kim
by UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON (UCL) on 10/24/17. For personal use only.
Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota

Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Strome College of Business, Old Dominion University
J. Ind. Intg. Mgmt. Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com
Norfolk, VA 23508, USA

jkim013@odu.edu
Received 24 April 2017

Revised 24 May 2017
Accepted 30 July 2017
Published 17 October 2017
Abstract. Recently, there has been an explosive growth in the development and implementation of
various Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). Accordingly, CPS-related research and advancements in CPS
technologies have increasingly been part of the emerging trends in IT areas such as Internet of Things
(IoT), Big Data, cloud computing, and Industry 4.0. However, there are only a few research e®orts that
identify the comprehensive CPS research trends relevant to the emerging IT trends. Therefore, the aim of
this paper is to explore what CPS research topics are related to the emerging IT trends and to investigate
how industries have implemented CPS technologies.
Keywords: Cyber-physical systems; industry 4.0; internet of things; cloud computing; big data.
1. Introduction
Various embedded systems have been developed to control and monitor physical
components such as machines, devices, and structures. Due to the increasing ubiquity
of the internet along with rapid advances in miniaturization, speed, power, and mo-
bility, the information communication technologies (ICT) are combined with the
elements of physical world to create smart or intelligent systems that increase
e®ectiveness, productivity, safety, and speed and enable functions not previously
possible (Sztipanovits et al., 2012). As a result, there has been an explosive growth in
the development and implementation of various Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS),
which are integrations of cyber systems with physical things. Humayed et al. (2017)
point out that CPS have had e®ects on almost all aspects of our daily lives, such as
in electrical power grids, oil and natural gas distribution, transportation systems,
healthcare devices, and household appliances; furthermore, they have been
1750011-1
J. H. Kim
deployed in the critical infrastructure and life support devices that are essential
to our daily lives.
Since the concept of CPS was coined in 2006 by Helen Gill, who worked for the
National Science Foundation, CPS-related research has been involved in emerging
trends in IT areas such as Industry 4.0, Big Data, cloud computing, and Internet of
Things (IoT): As the technological evolution from embedded systems to cyber-
physical systems, Industry 4.0 which is the German strategic initiative represents the
coming fourth industrial revolution on the way to an IoT, Data and Service, and a
paradigm shift from \centralized" to \decentralized" production. (Kagermann and
Wahlster, 2016); Big data described with three properties — volume, velocity and
variety — is dynamic, large complex information (Snijders et al., 2012; Young et al.,
2016); Cloud computing provides computing resources, such as infrastructure,
software and services, via network and real-time adaptations to the current needs of
users (Dell et al., 2014); IoT refers to the networked connection of various things
including sensors and intelligent devices (Xia et al., 2012).
The principle of Industry 4.0 is that by connecting machines, work pieces, and
systems, one can intelligent networks along the entire value chain that can control
each other autonomously (Sequeira et al., 2014). To achieve this vision, researchers
have studied the CPS and other emerging IT trends: (1) CPSs as intelligent entities
in production or manufacturing, (2) the IoT as communication platform for CPSs,
(3) Cloud solutions for decentralized services, and (4) big data solutions for high-
performance processing of big data in manufacturing with great, variety, speed,
variability, and veracity, and other traits (Wang and Wang, 2016). Wang et al.
(2015) outline how the characteristics of CPS converge with those of the IoT, Big
Data, cloud technology, and Industry 4.0. Jara et al. (2014) state that \CPS covers
from M2M and IoT communications, heterogeneous data integration from multiple
sources, security, and privacy, to its integration into the cloud computing and Big
Data platforms". According to Pisching et al. (2015), CPS and the IoT are the basis
of Industry 4.0 and deployed on a cloud-based infrastructure through the Internet of
Services (Fig. 1).
Researchers can have more diverse and °exible ideas by combining the concept of
CPS with those of Industry 4.0, Big Data, IoT, and cloud computing because these
areas are closely connected but involve di®erent perspectives and technologies.
However, there are only a few research e®orts that identify the comprehensive CPS
research trends relevant to the emerging IT trends. Therefore, the aim of this paper
is to explore the CPS research topics that are related to the emerging IT trends and
to investigate how industries have implemented CPS technologies. By providing
these extensive trends and information, I expect to help scholars focus on interdis-
ciplinary research into the CPS and the emerging IT trends, and to provide insights
that will help us tackle challenges related to industrial integration, resulting in
making the research area more abundant and innovative.
In order to provide a review of the CPS research e®orts with the emerging IT
trends, I searched Ei Compendex, an online research database, using the keyword
1750011-2
Fig. 1. The Industry 4.0 and its relation to CPS and IoT in cloud-based manufacturing.
\CPS" paired with \Industry 4.0", \IoT", \Big Data", and \Cloud" from 2010 to
2017 and selected the journal articles and conference papers that enabled the ap-
plication of technologies in industries. As a result, 82 articles were chosen and dis-
cussed in this paper. Figure 2 shows the yearly trend of the selected articles
distributed in each year.
This paper is organized into two parts. First, I review the technologies examined
in the selected CPS articles relevant to Industry 4.0, IoT, Big Data, and cloud
technology and classify them based on the technological categories that were
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2010 2011 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Big data Cloud Industry 4.0 IoT Total
Fig. 2. Number of CPS articles with the emerging IT trends by year (January 2010–June 2017).
1750011-3
J. H. Kim
discovered through this research. Second, I summarize how the CPS research e®orts
related to the recent IT trends apply to various industries. The applications are
categorized by industry.
2. Key Enabling Technologies

After analysing these articles, I found that four distinct categories of technologies
have been researched in CPS with Industry 4.0, IoT, Big Data, and cloud computing:
integration, communication and network, control and management, and security.
The categories can be described as follows:
. Integration of CPS: CPS refers to the \integration of computation with

physical processes" (Lee and Seshia, 2010). Therefore, the integration of CPS with
other elements is one of the important angles for CPS research areas.
. Communication and network of CPS: Communication networks play a
critical role in integrating cyberspace and the physical world. Diverse devices such
as vehicles, wearable devices, and mobile phones become part of CPS through the
wireless network. Automated manufacturing systems also need to communicate
with cyber-physical production systems (CPPS).
. Control and management of CPS: Control and management CPS technolo-
gies handle di®erent types of data based on di®erent types of systems and devices.
An example of this would be automatically controlling manufacturing equipment
in an adaptive and e®ective manner and instigating management practices for
improving e±ciency in the ¯eld of energy consumption, which has become a pri-
ority for many major industries (Adamson et al., 2017; Suciu et al., 2016).
. Security of CPS: CPS consists of various components in a variety of methods.
Every component and integration, including software, hardware, and systems,
can be vulnerable to CPS attacks. As a result, the heterogeneous and complex
CPS have led to signi¯cant di±culties in security and privacy protection
(Humayed et al., 2017).
2.1. CPS research for industry 4.0

As one of the key basements of Industry 4.0, scholars have researched CPS in the
Industry 4.0 view. The terms \Industry 4.0" and \smart industry", which is a
German strategic initiative, refer to the technological evolution from embedded
systems to CPS (Kagermann and Wahlster, 2016). Lasi et al. (2014) de¯ne the
fundamental concepts of Industry 4.0 as the smart factory, CPS, self-organization,
new systems in distribution and procurement, new systems in the development of
products and services, adaptation to human needs, and, lastly, corporate social
responsibility.
Integration of CPS. A CPS architecture is an element of modularity and an
organized structure that helps integrate technology with minimal e®ort into existing
1750011-4
or newer tech (Trappey et al., 2016). Uni¯ed architectures for implementing

CPS have been proposed to meet the demand of de¯ning the structure and
methodology of CPS. Lee et al. (2015) propose a 5-level CPS structure, namely the
5C architecture, which suggests a step-by-step guideline for developing and imple-
menting CPS for manufacturing applications (Fig. 3). First, at the smart connection
level, acquiring accurate and reliable data from machines and their components is
essential. The data can be measured by sensors or acquired from controller or en-
terprise manufacturing systems. Second, meaningful information should be inferred
from the data at the data-to-information conversation level. Recently, algorithms
have been developed speci¯cally for prognostics and health management applica-
tions. Third, the cyber level works as the central information hub in this architec-
ture. Information is aggregated and analyzed at this level from every connected
machine to form the machine network. Fourth, implementing CPS on the cognition
level generates a thorough knowledge of the monitored system. Proper presentation

of the acquired knowledge to expert users supports decision making. Lastly, at the
con¯guration level, the feedback from cyberspace is transferred to the physical
world, and supervisory control to make machines self-con¯gure and self-adaptive
is enacted.
By applying the architecture proposed by Lee et al. (2015), Monostori et al.
(2016) introduce the 5C architecture for implementing CPPS, which combines with
autonomous and cooperative elements and subsystems that are uni¯ed based on the
context within and across all levels of production. The authors also present a CPS
Fig. 3. 5C architecture for implementing a CPS.
1750011-5
J. H. Kim
Fig. 4. CPS maturity model.
maturity model that originates from the Laboratory for Machine Tools and Pro-
duction Engineering of RWTH Aachen University (Fig. 4). The levels of CPS ma-
turity are de¯ned as follows: setting basics, creating transparency, increasing
understanding, improving decision making, and, ¯nally, self-optimizing. While the
organizational and structural conditions for implementing CPS are created within
the ¯rst level, the four higher levels represent the maturity of the realizations con-
cerning the information and knowledge processing and the cooperation and collab-
oration aspects. To solve management issues based on CPS complexity, Bonci et al.
(2016) designed database-centric technology and architectures that seamlessly in-
tegrate networking, arti¯cial intelligence, and real-time control issues into a uni¯ed
model of computing.
Saldivar et al. (2015) emphasize that \a well-funded methodology that integrates
CPS, cloud computing, virtual designs and real-time analysis is key to achieving
innovation and high productivity". Barbosa et al. (2016) examine the integration of
CPS and intelligent product, which is de¯ned as a product that is able to interact
with its environment during the production phase, and investigate the possible
bene¯ts of combining these two approaches. Lee et al. (2017), on the other hand,
propose a systematic approach for applying CPS to predictive production systems
that are intelligent manufacturing systems where networked assets are equipped
with self-awareness to predict, ¯nd the root cause, and recon¯gure faulty events
automatically.
The integration of extended CPS areas such as industrial cyber-physical systems
(ICPS) and CPPS has been discussed in several articles. According to Bangemann
et al. (2016), ICPS are de¯ned by their capabilities of accessing physical information
and intelligently processing the information with a speci¯c purpose related to the
industrial automation area. The authors also insist that ICPS will be a mix of
emerging powerful technology trends such as IoT, service-based interactions, cloud
capabilities, and Big Data, and they investigated the integration of technologies
1750011-6
related to automation components and systems in ICPS. For developing a CPPS

that is a core component of Industry 4.0, Uhlemann et al. (2017) present a concept
for the composition of a database and proposed guidelines for implementing the
Digital Twin as an essential prerequisite of a CPPS in small and medium-sized
enterprises (SME).
Control and management of CPS. By adopting the feature technology that
involves de¯ning product designs through combining the necessary manufacturing
features to realize the product, Adamson et al. (2017) describe an adaptive feature-
based control approach for distributed manufacturing resources in CPS and present
the outline of an information framework supporting this approach. On the other
hand, to examine and evaluate a highly-automated production system, Tantik and

Anderl (2016) utilize digital representation that contains signi¯cant product-speci¯c
information about all phases of the production process. Lastly, an architecture for a
CPS testbed-based on cloud computing and software-de¯ned network was designed
to evaluate the security of the systems, segmented into three levels: the physical
resources layer, the cloud layer, and the application layer (Gao et al., 2015).
The problem of dynamic scheduling of services in CPS is solved by Ivanov et al.
(2016) with the help of a structure dynamic control (SDC) approach that is based on
a combined application of optimal program control (OPC) theory and mathematical
programming (MP). They describe how this service-oriented concept explicitly
incorporates material and information processes in the CPS and considers modern
trends of decentralized information services such as cloud computing.
2.2. CPS research for big data

As CPS generates a huge volume of data, it requires Big Data analytics for
performing comprehensive data analysis and getting useful insights. However, there
are challenges to integrating the large volume and wide variety of data generated
from multiple sources into the CPS. Since Big Data for CPS is not suitable for
conventional solutions based on o®line processing (Jara et al., 2014), the research
e®orts regarding novel Big Data-driven CPS have been discussed.
Integration of CPS. The integration of Big Data-driven cyber-physical systems,
referring to CPS that use large quantities of complex data to perform their functions,
has been discussed in several articles. For Big Data-driven CPS development, Zhang
(2014a) developed an approach to integrate Architecture Analysis and Design
Language (AADL), ModelicaML, and Hybrid Relation Calculus. Zhang (2014b) also
propose AADL-based Big Data-driven CPS to implement the requirements of the
systems. On the other hand, Zhang et al. (2015) consider a set of urban infra-
structures such as cellular, public transportations, and truck networks as an Urban
Cyber Physical System (UrbanCPS) and design and implement UrbanCPS to ef-
fectively integrate heterogeneous models based on multi-origin system data. Due to
the lack of existing software applications and publications associated with logic
1750011-7
J. H. Kim
technology for searching, pattern recognition, and decision making in the Big Data
area, Hahanov et al. (2015) propose a qubit-vector model of computing automation
based on the removal of arithmetic operations that impact performance and hard-
ware complexity.
Control and management of CPS. Big Data as a service approach designed to
manage data volume and velocity during the data collection phase is capable of
accumulating and summarizing knowledge on machine behavior in various working
conditions to elaborate information that evolves over time (Marini and Bianchini,
2016). Song et al. (2017) propose a Big Data-driven model for online learning evo-
lution to discover students' learning patterns and guide course improvement. In the
model, Latent Dirichlet Allocation is used for topic analysis.

A cognitive reference architecture as a solution for the analysis of CPS presented
by Niggemann et al. (2015) shows how to solve the challenges of data-driven

approaches such as real-time data acquisition and storage solutions, data analysis
and machine learning algorithms, task-speci¯c human–machine interfaces (HMI),
and feedback/control mechanisms. To provide better healthcare environments and
services, Zhang et al. (2015) suggest \a cyber-physical system for patient-centric
healthcare applications and services, called Health-CPS, built on cloud and big data
analytics technologies".
Liu et al. (2015b) developed a chaotic time series prediction algorithm to solve the
chaotic status CPS control. Regarding transportation technologies, Hunter et al.
(2013) present novel algorithms to calculate travel time distributions from sparse,
noisy GPS measurements collected in real time from vehicles over a very large
network. Instead of the existing method that relied on manually maintained tax-
onomy, Berger (2014) developed an automated approach for recording data from
vehicle sensors in the database.
2.3. CPS research for cloud computing

The cloud computing infrastructure that has dynamic and scalable computing power
and storage can enhance the dependability, interoperability, and scalability of CPS
(Dell et al., 2014; Sanislav et al., 2017). Alam and El Saddik (2017) point out that
\researchers recommend integrating cloud technologies in the CPS cyber layer to
ensure the scalability of storage, computation, and cross domain communication
capabilities".
Integration of CPS. Some research has examined the architecture of cloud-inte-
grated CPS. Shu et al. (2016) present an architecture of cloud-integrated CPS that
maximizes the strengths of cloud computing, such as massive storage and low-cost
computing. By applying cloud computing that supports scalable computing power
and data storage, Dell et al. (2014) introduce a model-based platform architecture of
cloud-based CPS that is adaptable, con¯gurable, and reproducible for diverse
applications. For a seamless integration of sensors and actuators into cloud-based
1750011-8
data processing, Engelsberger and Greiner (2015) introduce a software architecture

for the cloud-based cyber-physical control system. Based on the existing cloud-based
CPS architecture, Alam and El Saddik (2017) present a digital twin architecture
reference model that can analyze the current context of the system and recommend
control actions for the physical environment if necessary. On the other hand, to
overcome the existing cloud-based CPS design's limitations, such as interoperability,
reliability, availability, and security, Sanislav et al. (2017) o®er the idea of decen-
tralizing the CPS architecture that has three layers: the sensing and actuating layer,
the networking layer, and the processing and application layer. Simmon et al. (2015)
discuss a conceptual cyber-physical cloud computing (CPCC) architecture that
shows the basic components of a CPCC system and the relationships between the
components. Chen et al. (2016) implement a cyber-physical signage interacting
framework supporting face detection and recognition applications by combining the
signage, client, server, and cloud computing, resulting in improving the interaction
between digital signage and audiences to support users rapidly getting information
or attaining instant user feedback.
CPS aims to integrate computation and physical processes. To integrate
heterogeneous systems, databases, and devices, service-oriented architecture (SOA)
has been used in the CPS area. La and Kim (2010) adopt SOA for CPS to cope with
the challenges of mobile devices that have limited computing capability. SOA was
also applied to industrial CPS, which brings bene¯ts such as integration °exibility
and the ability for processes to be composed (Yue et al., 2015). On the other hand,
Liu et al. (2016a) developed a cyber-physical manufacturing cloud based on scalable
SOA, which provided excellent service performance of manufacturing operations on
the internet. Lastly, based on the principles of SOA, Taherkordi and Eliassen (2014)
propose the architecture of CPS services categorized into sensing, procession, and
controlling.
The architectures for Vehicular CPS (VCPS) integrating with cloud computing
have been discussed in several articles. Wan et al. (2014a) argue that VCPS can be
upgraded from vehicular networking with the added capabilities of decision-making
and autonomous control and propose a cloud-supported multi-layered VCPS ar-
chitecture. Abid et al. (2011) introduce a cloud-based VCPS architecture divided
into three layers: in-car vehicular CPS, vehicle-to-vehicle network (V2V), and ve-
hicle-to-infrastructure network (V2I). The authors state that, based on the system
architecture, drivers can get cloud computing-based real-time services to improve
their safety and comfort when they are not in the condition to drive. On the other
hand, Yan et al. (2013) designed a conceptual architecture for integrating VCPS
with mobile cloud computing (MCC), which provides a °exible stack of massive
computing, storage, and software services in a scalable and virtualized manner
at low cost.
CPCC can be implemented as a platform-as-a-service (PaaS). Krainer and Kirsch
(2014) present a PaaS-based CPCC system for performing multi-customer infor-
mation acquisition missions on unmanned vehicle swarms operated and maintained
1750011-9
J. H. Kim
by a third party. Glotfelter et al. (2014) also introduce a PaaS-based software

framework called PhysiCloud that facilitates the development and testing of CPS
control applications.
Communication and network of CPS. Sanislav et al. (2014) state that CPS
utilizes the physical information aggregated through wireless sensor networks
(WSNs) to connect the real world and cyber spaces and discuss a CPS model for
monitoring real-time environmental status based on WSN, multi-agent, and cloud
computing technologies. For vehicle communications, Rawat et al. (2014) and (2015)
suggest a cloud-assisted dynamic spectrum access in vehicular networks that
leverages cloud computing and cloud storage and provides the best communication
channel that meets the data rate requirements. By using MTConnect, which is an
internet communication standard for factories, Liu et al. (2016) implement an
MTConnect RESTful protocol for monitoring networked open-source RepRap-based

3D printers in a Cyber-Physical Manufacturing Cloud. To reduce the cost of man-
aging power consumption, Liu et al. (2016b) discuss an energy-aware virtual ma-
chine placement scheme for cloud-supported systems with Network-on-Chip (NoC)
technology that leverages the principle of interconnection network and packet
switching to achieve low latency, high performance, and low power consumption. On
the other hand, to reduce network tra±c for enhancing the accessibility and con-
trollability of any CPS over the internet, Wang et al. (2014) present an integrated
CPS for remotely accessing and controlling factory equipment.
Control and management of CPS. To monitor and control real-time tra±c,
Hahanov et al. (2014a) and Hahanov et al. (2014b) suggest a smart road infra-
structure that uses a virtual cloud space for vehicle management. The proposed
system uses global systems for positioning and navigation, mobile gadgets, and the
internet to improve the quality and safety of vehicle movement. For smart grids,
which refer to modern electric grids with IT-based infrastructure providing
uninterrupted energy services, an e±cient energy management scheme in smart grid-
based CPS was designed by Kumar et al. (2016). Suciu et al. (2016) present a cyber-
physical energy system that was expected to change organizations' patterns of
consuming energy.
To address the limitations of cloud computing, such as a lack of performance and
reliability, Shekhar (2016) developed a dynamic data-driven cloud system that
learns and improves cloud infrastructure itself by adaptively instrumenting. Since
the existing medical CPS combining heterogeneous sensors, medical devices, and
networking capabilities to continuously monitor a patient is not interoperable and
accessible by all relevant stakeholders, Alhumud et al. (2016) propose a conceptual
data interoperability framework that provides a uni¯ed view of the data generated
from heterogeneous medical devices. Additionally, context-aware architectures
for VCPS have been presented. Wan et al. (2014b) propose a multi-layered context-
aware architecture for vehicular networks, and Kumar et al. (2015) developed
1750011-10
a context-aware layered architecture for demand side management using

cloud-based VCPS.
Liu et al. (2015a) developed a personalized multimedia recommendation system
for cloud-integrated CPS that reduces the cost of resources and also e®ectively
increases the recommendation accuracy. To reduce the impact of bush¯res by
mapping their occurrences and spread, Garg et al. (2017) propose a scalable cloud-
based bush¯re prediction framework that allows forecasting the probability of ¯re
occurrences in di®erent regions of interest. Additionally, Ahn and Cheng's (2014)
middleware running in a private cloud infrastructure is designed to provide a novel
auto-scaling mechanism for medical CPS to preserve their cost-e±ciency.
Security of CPS. By integrating CPS and cloud computing, Kim et al. (2016)
propose a lightweight, secure information transmission and device control scheme
that consists of device registration and certi¯cation protocol, device event infor-
mation control, and device control protocol. For the cloud-based CPS that updates
the remote code in embedded or smart devices, Park and Lee (2011) present a group-
based server discovery and code encryption mechanism to support mobility and
security. A cyber-physical cloud platform designed by Bereş (2017) is based on the
CPS-specialized ontologies on top of existing ontologies: Semantic Sensor Network
Ontology and Security Toolbox: Attacks & Countermeasures. Hiray and Ingle
(2013) propose a context-aware, role-based access control that has bene¯ts such as
controllability, traceability, and authorized access to system resources to enhance
the security of cyber-physical cloud applications. As a resilient and secure defense
cloud, Azab and Eltoweissy (2011) develop a Cooperative Autonomous Resilient
Defense platform for CPS that provides right-sized resources on demand for e®ecting
comprehensive defense for CPS. Lastly, Ab Rahman et al. (2016) argue the needs of
forensic by design and state that, \A forensic-by-design framework allows the in-
tegration of forensics tools into the development of a cyber-physical cloud system
that can help organizations recover from a cyber-physical attack".
2.4. CPS research for IoT

IoT can be de¯ned as \the complex network of software and physical entities which
are embedded or implemented within sensors, smart phones, computers, electronic
products as well as other devices which have software elements to perform com-
puting or non-computing activities" (Lu and Cecil, 2015). Based on this charac-
teristic, IoT as the next big disruptive technology ¯eld has played a critical role for
CPS as an enabling technology by achieving communication between various devices
and heterogeneous networks (Ning and Liu, 2015). Some scholars have conducted
CPS research related to IoT.
Integration of CPS. Filho et al. (2014) state that \Integrating the IoT and Cloud
Computing represents a highly complex distributed system" and then describe how
to program the complex distributed environment IoT system by deploying a
1750011-11
J. H. Kim
three-stage approach. By integrating wireless, non-invasive devices with fast,

real-time algorithms, De Venuto et al. (2016) propose an IoT-based CPS that is a
wearable and a wireless system that o®ers high comfort to patients and allows both
local actions and remote data collection. For integrated CPS development, Kal-
verkamp and Gorldt (2014) present a multi-layer interface to improve the usability
of IoT services and toolkits. Using the Uni¯ed Modeling Language (UML), which is a
widely accepted software and system speci¯cation standard, Thramboulidis and
Christoulakis (2016) propose an IoT-specialized UML that allows the developer to
automatically generate the IoT-compliant interface of the cyber-physical compo-
nent. To support collaborations among distributed partners in engineering and
manufacturing, Lu and Cecil (2015) outline the IoT-based cyber-physical frame-

work, which includes software modules, monitoring apps, and agents along with
interfaces to physical resources. By combining the Body Area Sensor Network
(BASN) with the cloud-based IoT, Fabbri et al. (2016) propose an overall CPS
architecture for a smart and safe wearable system for hand pattern recognition.
Communication and network of CPS. The cyber-physical IoT architecture
presented by Alam et al. (2015) provides direct or indirect communication between
things by creating twin cyber things. Pisching et al. (2016) present a cloud based
cyber-physical architecture to leverage the Sensing as-a-Service (SenAS) model. In
the model, devices can communicate using direct physical connections or through the
cyber layer using peer-to-peer inter process communications.
Control and management of CPS. Lee et al. (2015) design context intelligence
framework equipped with RFID for Big Data analytics to manage industrial infor-
matics regarding location, sensor and unstructured data for big data mining.
It consists of ¯ve layers: the IoT layer, the infrastructure layer, the data layer, the
analytical layer, and the presentation layer. On the other hand, Xie and Wang
(2011) propose three concepts: (1) an IoT framework for ubiquitous and self-man-
aged environment of Distributed CPS, (2) an optimized Cloud-based open and re-
usable modeling and simulation architecture for the management, scheduling and
control of large-scaled dynamic and heterogeneous resources and services, and (3) a
multi-model-based hierarchical architecture for distributing CPS that consists of
many spatiotemporal heterogeneous CPS subsystems and components.
Security of CPS. Because most IoT objects operate at low energy levels with
minimal computation capabilities and then require simple security solutions, Sharaf-
Dabbagh and Saad (2017) design a novel IoT object authentication framework that
utilizes device-speci¯c information to authenticate devices in the IoT. Huang et al.
(2016) emphasize the importance of trust in the design of cyber-physical-social smart
systems powered by IoT and model trust and trustworthiness in the system. Less-
mann et al. (2016) argue that modeling and simulation should be used for investi-
gating the e®ects of cyber security and applied the standard lifecycle of developing
and executing a distributed simulation event.
1750011-12
3. Applications in Industries
As the concept of CPS was invented in 2006, CPS applications are still at an early
stage. However, CPS has an enormous potential to impact our daily lives and in-
dustries. Monostori (2014) states that \Concepts such as autonomous cars, robotic
surgery, intelligent buildings, smart electric grid, smart manufacturing, and
implanted medical devices are just some of the practical examples that have already
emerged". From the selected articles, I found four major industries in which CPS has
been applied: manufacturing, transportation, smart grid, and healthcare. Also, there
are a few industrial applications of CPS within the ¯elds of Smart City, environ-
ment, and advertisement.
3.1. Manufacturing
Scholars have deployed CPS for manufacturing applications. CPS can share real-
time information on production machines, supply chains, supplier systems, business
systems, and customer value-added processes and improve the entire manufacturing
process (Fabbri et al., 2016). Scheuermann et al. (2015) created a Cyber-Physical
Human System (CPHS) using smart factory hardware and implemented an agile
factory that o®ers the possibility of product order modi¯cation during assembly
time. Thoben et al. (2016) suggest three CPS application scenarios in smart
manufacturing: Cyber-Physical Logistics System, Safe Human–Robot Interaction,
and Video Surveillance as a Service. To optimize the productivity of manufacturing,
Lee et al. (2017) apply CPS to predictive production systems that infuse resilience
and interoperability.
The functions and services of the embedded system can be improved by applying
CPS. Jazdi (2014) de¯nes CPS as embedded systems and developed an industrial
co®ee machine that is connected to cyberspace and provides diverse services such as
remote diagnostics and software updates. On the other hand, Bagheri et al. (2015)
implemented self-aware band-saw machines by deploying the 5-level CPS architec-
ture shown in Fig. 3. Lastly, by applying a UML approach, Thramboulidis and
Christoulakis (2016) propose a fully automated but low-cost liqueur plant system
consisting of cyber-physical components.
3.2. Transportation
CPS for automobile and intelligent transportation systems are getting increasing
attention currently (Zhang, 2015). CPS can play an important role in communi-
cating between vehicles and infrastructure and providing real-time data such as
tra±c, location, and problems (Fabbri et al., 2016). According to Zhang (2014a),
a Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is a technology that uses moving cars as
nodes in a wireless network so that each vehicle can receive and transmit messages
through the wireless network. Zhang (2014a) and Zhang (2015) model a VANET
based on a framework to specify Big Data-driven CPS. CPS has also been applied to
1750011-13
J. H. Kim
the monitoring and control of tra±c. For example, a large-scale tra±c data esti-
mation in CPS is o®ered by Hunter et al. (2013). Going one step further, CPS was
applied to monitor and control tra±c in real time by Hahanov et al. (2014), who
developed a tra±c cyber physical system (TCS) that introduces the time parameter
into a digital map and transfers tra±c lights to a virtual cyberspace. Lastly, Wan
et al. (2014) apply a cloud-assisted, context-aware architecture to context-aware
dynamic parking services.
3.3. Smart grids

Smart grids equipped with ICT-based infrastructure provide reliable energy service
to end users. Kumar et al. (2016) view smart grids as \modern cyber-physical
systems in which all the smart devices are located at the physical plane, while the
control algorithms are executed in the cloud environment, which is considered as

the cyber plane". Bereş (2017) proposes a cyber-physical cloud platform for secure
smart grids and IoT integration. On the other hand, Amato et al. (2016) exploit
distributed Smart Solar-powered Micro Grids to optimize the charging schedule of
electric vehicles. Using CPS and cloud computing, the smart systems framework
(SSF) that allows extensive code reuse of algorithms and data structures is
realized for a two-axis solar tracker system to reduce the number of tracking
movements with the support of an intelligent sensor data evaluation (Engelsberger
and Greiner, 2015).
3.4. Healthcare
With the development of wireless sensor networks (WSN), medical sensors, and
cloud computing, CPS is becoming a powerful candidate for healthcare applications
for both in-hospital and in-home patient care (Haque et al., 2014). CPS can be used
to monitor the physical conditions of remote disabled or elderly patients (Fabbri
et al., 2016). Zhang et al. (2015) suggest a CPS-based healthcare system to cope with
the limitations of traditional systems. Alhumud et al. (2016) de¯ne medical CPS as
\a special type of cyber-physical systems which combines heterogeneous sensors,
medical devices, and networking capabilities to continuously monitor a patient".
Ahn and Cheng's (2014) medical CPS that support deadline-critical medical CPS
devices are implemented in the private cloud computing environment. Additionally,
CPS is integrated with Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) by Venuto et al.
(2016): The authors present a wearable and wireless system allowing both local
actions and remote data collection that can be applied to normal elderly monitoring
and care, mild cognitive impairment, and early Alzheimer's disease management.
3.5. Other applications

Apart from applications in the major categories introduced above, CPS applications
have been extended to the ¯eld of Smart City, environment, and advertisement.
1750011-14
Zhang et al. (2015) consider a set of urban infrastructure systems (e.g. cellular,
taxicab, bus, subway, and truck networks) as an UrbanCPS and present a real-time
tra±c inference system by combining tra±c data and cell phone and smart card
data. On the other hand, by integrating CPS with the BASN, Fabbri et al. (2016)
introduce an application for Smart City called the Smart and Safe Wearable System
for Hand Pattern Recognition coupled with a cloud-based IoT framework. By
combining with WSN, multi-agent, and cloud computing technologies, a CPS can
contribute to monitoring the real-time environmental status (Sanislav et al., 2014).
To increase the e®ect of digital signage, CPS can increase the interaction between
digital signage and mobile users using smart handheld devices (Chen et al., 2016).
4. Discussion and Implication for Future Research

In recent years, the developments and implementations of various forms of CPS have
had enormous e®ects on our daily lives and industries. This will continue and in-
creasingly intensify in the future. CPSs are multidisciplinary systems to conduct
feedback control on widely distributed embedded computing systems by the com-
bination of computation, communication, and control technologies (Liu et al., 2017).
As a result, the growth of the interest in the emerging IT trends in the CPS
research area is inevitable. Because it is a key enabler of Industry 4.0, the devel-
opment of CPS will be accelerated through collaborations with IoT, Big Data, and
cloud computing.
This research shows the various technologies and industrial applications resear-
ched in CPS that are relevant to the IT trends. However, more issues need to be
discussed in future research. From the categorized enabling technologies, I learned
that communication, networks, and security have been hardly studied in CPS re-
search with Industry 4.0 and big data. The smart manufacturing systems created by
Industry 4.0 can be operated globally and managed centrally by integrating them
with CPS. As a result, the communication and network technologies that connect
the smart factories in the CPS environment and the security technologies that secure
the connections will play a critical role in this area. On the other hand, big data
needs huge transactions of high-volume data sent to CPS for analysis. Thus, future
research can address the development of network protocols optimized for transfer-
ring large data volumes to cyber platforms, and security technologies such as
encryption and authentications protocols to secure data transformation.
The result of this study shows that in the IT trends, CPS has been mainly applied
to in the manufacturing, transportation, healthcare, and smart grid industries.
However, other industries need CPS technologies in combination with Industry 4.0,
IoT, big data, and cloud computing. For example, agriculture can use CPS to create
precise and automated processes. Cloud-based CPS can analyze and predict envi-
ronmental information on the big data system, and the IoT can be applied to the
communication between the intelligent systems and the devices involved, such as
sensors and tractors. CPS integrated with emerging IT trends can also improve
1750011-15
J. H. Kim
supply chain management. Interdisciplinary approaches can provide better

prediction of logistics by using big data analysis, virtually centralized control of work
processes by CPS, and uni¯ed communications based on IoT technologies. By ap-
plying integrated technologies, researchers can gain more holistic views of technical
problems and better insights into root causes, and can ¯nd innovative solutions that
are not possible on fragmented approaches.
5. Conclusions
This paper conducts a comprehensive review of the recent CPS research relevant to
emerging IT trends such as Industry 4.0, IoT, big data, and cloud computing from
2010 to 2017 in the Ei Compendex database and introduces the enabling technolo-
gies of CPS within the IT trends and their applications in industries. The articles in
this area address four distinct technologies: integration, communication and net-
work, control and management, and security. The key application industries of the
research e®orts were manufacturing, transportation, healthcare, and smart grid.
Unlike prior research, this article focuses on the speci¯c joint area between CPS and
the emerging IT research trends and provides technological insights on industrial
implementations using CPS.
References
Ab Rahman, NH, WB Glisson, Y Yang and KKR Choo (2016). Forensic-by-design framework
for cyber-physical cloud systems. IEEE Cloud Computing, 3(1), 50–59.
Abid, H, LTT Phuong, J Wang, S Lee and S Qaisar (2011). V-Cloud: Vehicular cyber-physical
systems and cloud computing. In Proc. 4th Int. Symp. Applied Sciences in Biomedical and
Communication Technologies, p. 165. ACM.
Adamson, G, L Wang and P Moore (2017). Feature-based control and information frame-
work for adaptive and distributed manufacturing in cyber physical systems. Journal of
Manufacturing Systems, 43, 305–315.
Ahn, YW and AMK Cheng (2014). Automatic resource scaling for medical cyber-physical
systems running in private cloud computing architecture. OpenAccess Series in Infor-
matics, Vol. 36, pp. 58–65, 5th Workshop on Medical Cyber-Physical Systems, MCPS 2014.
Alam, KM and A El Saddik (2017). C2ps: A digital twin architecture reference model for the
cloud-based cyber-physical systems. IEEE Access, 5, 2050–2062.
Alam, KM, A Sopena and A El Saddik (2015). Design and development of a cloud
based cyber-physical architecture for the Internet-of-Things. In 2015 IEEE Int. Symp.
Multimedia (ISM), pp. 459–464. IEEE.
Alhumud, AM, MA Hossain and M Masud (2016). Perspective of health data interoperability
on cloud-based medical cyber-physical systems. In 2016 IEEE Int. Conf. Multimedia and
Expo Workshops (ICMEW), September 22, 2016, Seattle, WA, US, pp. 1–6. IEEE.
Amato, A, R Aversa, B Di Martino and S Venticinque (2016). A cyber physical system of
smart micro-grids. In 2016 19th Int. Conf. Network-Based Information Systems (NBiS),
December 16, 2016, pp. 165–172. IEEE.
Azab, M and M Eltoweissy (2011). Defense as a service cloud for cyber-physical
systems. In 2011 7th Int. Conf. Collaborative Computing: Networking, Applications and
Worksharing (CollaborateCom), pp. 392–401. IEEE.
1750011-16
Bagheri, B, S Yang, HA Kao and J Lee (2015). Cyber-physical systems architecture

for self-aware machines in industry 4.0 environment. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 48(3),
1622–1627.
Bangemann, T, M Riedl, M Thron and C Diedrich (2016). Integration of classical
components into industrial cyber-physical systems. Proceedings of the IEEE, 104(5),
947–959.
Barbosa, J, P Leitão, D Trentesaux, AW Colombo and S Karnouskos (2016). Cross bene¯ts
from cyber-physical systems and intelligent products for future smart industries. In 2016
IEEE 14th Int. Conf. Industrial Informatics (INDIN), January 13, 2017, Poitiers, France,
pp. 504–509. IEEE.
Beres, A (2017). Semantic cyber-physical cloud systems. In 2017 5th Int. Symp. Digital
Forensic and Security (ISDFS), May 1, 2017, Tirgu Mures, Romania, pp. 1–6. IEEE.
Berger, C (2014). Scenario pattern matching in large sensor recordings with simulation
models for cyber-physical systems. In Proc. 2014 Summer Simulation Multiconf., p. 38.
Society for Computer Simulation International.
Bonci, A, M Pirani and S Longhi (2016). A database-centric approach for the modeling,
simulation and control of cyber-physical systems in the factory of the future. IFAC-
PapersOnLine, 49(12), 249–254.
Chen, Y, H Chen, A Gorkhali, Y Lu, Y Ma and L Li (2016). Big data analytics and big data
science: A survey. Journal of Management Analytics, 3(1), 1–42.
Chen, LW, YF Ho, MF Tsai, HM Chen and CF Huang (2016). Cyber-physical signage
interacting with gesture-based human–machine interfaces through mobile cloud comput-
ing. IEEE Access, 4, 3951–3960.
De Venuto, D, VF Annese and AL Sangiovanni-Vincentelli (2016). The ultimate IoT
application: A cyber-physical system for ambient assisted living. In 2016 IEEE Int. Symp.
Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), July 29, 2016, Montreal, QC, Canada, pp. 2042–2045.
IEEE.
Dell, J, T Greiner and W Rosenstiel (2014). Model-based platform design and evaluation of
cloud-based cyber-physical systems (CCPS). In 2014 12th IEEE Int. Conf. Industrial
Informatics (INDIN), November 3, 2014, Porto Alegre, Brazil, pp. 376–381. IEEE.
Engelsberger, M and T Greiner (2015). Software architecture for cyber-physical control
systems with °exible application of the software-as-a-service and on-premises model.
In 2015 IEEE Int. Conf. Industrial Technology (ICIT), June 16, 2015, Seville, Spain,
pp. 1544–1549. IEEE.
Fabbri, G, CM Medaglia, A Pecora, L Maiolo and M Santello (2016). Cyber physical systems
and body area sensor networks in smart cities. In 2016 IEEE 25th Int. Symp. Industrial
Electronics (ISIE), November 17, 2016, Santa Clara, CA, US, pp. 980–985. IEEE.
Filho, RVR, B Porter and G Blair (2014). Environmental IoT: Programming cyber-physical
clouds with high-level system speci¯cations. In Proc. 2014 IEEE/ACM 7th Int. Conf.
Utility and Cloud Computing, January 29, 2014, London, UK, pp. 947–950. IEEE Com-
puter Society.
Gao, H, Y Peng, K Jia, Z Wen and H Li (2015). Cyber-physical systems testbed based
on cloud computing and software de¯ned network. In 2015 Int. Conf. Intelligent
Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing (IIH-MSP), February 19, 2016,
Adelaide, SA, Australia, pp. 337–340. IEEE.
Garg, S, J Aryal, H Wang, T Shah, G Kecskemeti and R Ranjan (2017). Cloud computing
based bush¯re prediction for cyber-physical emergency applications. Future Generation
Computer Systems, July 15, 2016.
1750011-17
J. H. Kim
Glotfelter, P, T Eichelberger and PJ Martin (2014). PhysiCloud: A cloud-computing frame-

work for programming cyber-physical systems. In 2014 IEEE Conf. Control Applications
(CCA), December 9, 2014, Juan Les Antibes, France, pp. 1533–1538. IEEE.
Hahanov, VI, EI Litvinova, W Gharibi and SV Chumachenko (2014a). Cyber physical
system–iCloud tra±c control. In 2014 11th Int. Conf. Information Technology:
New Generations (ITNG), Las Vegas, NV, US, pp. 426–429. IEEE.
Hahanov, V, W Gharibi, LS Abramova, S Chumachenko, E Litvinova, A Hahanova and
A Ziarmand (2014b). Cyber physical system-smart cloud tra±c control. In 2014 East-West
Design and Test Symposium (EWDTS), January 28, 2014, Kiev, Ukraine, pp. 1–18. IEEE.
Hahanov, V, W Gharibi, E Litvinova and S Chumachenko (2015). Big data driven cyber
analytic system. In 2015 IEEE Int. Congress Big Data (BigData Congress), August 17,
2015, New York, NY, US, pp. 615–622. IEEE.
Haque, SA, SM Aziz and M Rahman (2014). Review of cyber-physical system in healthcare.
International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 10(4), 217415.
Hiray, S and R Ingle (2013). Context-aware middleware in cyber physical cloud (CAMCPC).
In 2013 Int. Conf. Cloud and Ubiquitous Computing and Emerging Technologies (CUBE),
Pune, India, pp. 42–47. IEEE.
Huang, J, MD Seck and A Gheorghe (2016). Towards trustworthy smart cyber-physical-social
systems in the era of internet of things. In 2016 11th System of Systems Engineering Conf.
(SoSE), August 12, 2016, Kongsberg, Norway, pp. 1–6. IEEE.
Humayed, A, J Lin, F Li and B Luo (2017). Cyber-physical systems security — A survey.
IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 99, doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2017.2703172.
Hunter, T, T Das, M Zaharia, P Abbeel and AM Bayen (2013). Large-scale estimation in
cyber physical systems using streaming data: A case study with arterial tra±c estimation.
IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering, 10(4), 884–898.
Ivanov, D, B Sokolov and M Ivanova (2016). Schedule coordination in cyber-physical supply
networks Industry 4.0. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 49(12), 839–844.
Jara, AJ, D Genoud and Y Bocchi (2014). Big data for cyber physical systems: An analysis of
challenges, solutions and opportunities. In 2014 8th Int. Conf. Innovative Mobile and In-
ternet Services in Ubiquitous Computing (IMIS), Birmingham, UK, pp. 376–380. IEEE.
Jazdi, N (2014). Cyber physical systems in the context of Industry 4.0. In 2014 IEEE
Int. Conf. Automation, Quality and Testing, Robotics (AQTR), Cluj-Napoca, Romania,
pp. 1–4. IEEE.
Kagermann, H and W Wahlster (2016). INDUSTRIE 4.0 — Smart Manufacturing for
the Future. https://www.gtai.de/GTAI/Navigation/EN/Invest/Service/Publications/
business-information,t=industrie-40–smart-manufacturing-for-the-future,did=917080.htm
[25 February 2017].
Kalverkamp, M and C Gorldt (2014). IoT service development via adaptive interfaces:
Improving utilization of cyber-physical systems by competence based user interfaces.
In 2014 Int. ICE Conf. Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE), Bergamo, Italy,
pp. 1–8. IEEE.
Kim, H, J Kang and JH Park (2016). A light-weight secure information transmission and
device control scheme in integration of CPS and cloud computing. Microprocessors and
Microsystems, 52, 416–426.
Krainer, C and CM Kirsch (2014). Cyber-physical cloud computing implemented as paas.
In Proc. 4th ACM SIGBED Int. Workshop on Design, Modeling, and Evaluation of Cyber-
Physical Systems, April 14, 2014, pp. 15–18. ACM.
Kumar, N, M Singh, S Zeadally, JJ Rodrigues and S Rho (2015). Cloud-assisted
context-aware vehicular cyber-physical system for PHEVs in smart grid. IEEE Systems
Journal, 11(1), 140–151.
1750011-18
Kumar, N, S Zeadally and SC Misra (2016). Mobile cloud networking for e±cient energy
management in smart grid cyber-physical systems. IEEE Wireless Communications, 23(5),
100–108.
La, HJ and SD Kim (2010). A service-based approach to designing cyber physical
systems. In 2010 IEEE/ACIS 9th Int. Conf. Computer and Information Science (ICIS),
Yamagata, Japan, pp. 895–900. IEEE.
Lasi, H, P Fettke, H Kemper, T Feld and M Ho®mann (2014). Industry 4.0. Business and
Information Systems Engineering, 6(4), 239–242. doi: 10.1007/s12599-014-0334-4.
Lee, CKM, CL Yeung and MN Cheng (2015). Research on IoT based cyber physical system
for industrial big data analytics. In 2015 IEEE Int. Conf. Industrial Engineering and
Engineering Management (IEEM), January 18, 2016, Singapore, pp. 1855–1859. IEEE.
Lee, EA and SA Seshia (2010). An introductory textbook on cyber-physical systems.
In Workshop on Embedded Systems Education (in conjunction with ESWeek), Scottsdale:

AZ.
Lee, J, B Bagheri and HA Kao (2015). A cyber-physical systems architecture for industry
4.0-based manufacturing systems. Manufacturing Letters, 3, 18–23.

Lee, J, C Jin and B Bagheri (2017). Cyber physical systems for predictive production systems.
Production Engineering, 2(11), 155–165.
Lessmann, K, M Riecken and MJ O'Connor (2016). Modeling and simulation of the internet of
things and cyber physical systems for cybersecurity. In 1st Simulation Innovation
Workshop, SIW 2016, Orlando, FL.
Liu, CH, Z Zhang and M Chen (2015a). Personalized multimedia recommendations
for cloud-integrated cyber-physical systems. IEEE Systems Journal, 11(1), 106–117, doi:
10.1109/JSYST.2015.2440431.
Liu, L, S Zhao, Z Yu and H Dai (2015b). A big data inspired chaotic solution
for fuzzy feedback linearization model in cyber-physical systems. Ad Hoc Networks, 35,
97–104.
Liu, XF, SN Al Sunny, MR Shahriar, MC Leu, M Cheng and L Hu (2016). Implementation
of MTConnect for open source 3D printers in cyber physical manufacturing cloud.
In ASME 2016 Int. Design Engineering Technical Conf. and Computers and Information in
Engineering Conf., American Society of Mechanical Engineers, p. V01AT02A019.
Liu, XF, MR Shahriar, SN Al Sunny, MC Leu, M Cheng and L Hu (2016a). Design and
implementation of cyber-physical manufacturing cloud using MTConnect. In ASME 2016
Int. Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engi-
neering Conf. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, p. V01BT02A019.
Liu, X, H Gu, H Zhang, F Liu, Y Chen and X Yu (2016b). Energy-aware on-chip virtual
machine placement for cloud-supported cyber-physical systems. Microprocessors and
Microsystems, 52, 427–437.
Liu, Y, Y Peng, B Wang, S Yao and Z Liu (2017). Review on cyber-physical systems.
IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica, 4(1), 27–40.
Lu, Y and J Cecil (2015). An internet of things (IoT) based cyber physical framework for
advanced manufacturing. In OTM Confederated Int. Conf. on the Move to Meaningful
Internet Systems, On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2015 Workshops —
Confederated International Workshops: OTM Academy, OTM Industry Case Studies
Program, EI2N, FBM, INBAST, ISDE, META4eS, and MSC 2015, pp. 66–74. Springer:
Cham.
Marini, A and D Bianchini (2016). Big data as a service for monitoring cyber-physical pro-
duction systems. In ECMS, pp. 579–586.
Monostori, L (2014). Cyber-physical production systems: Roots, expectations and R&D
challenges. Procedia CIRP, 17, 9–13.
1750011-19
J. H. Kim
Monostori, L, B K adar, T Bauernhansl, S Kondoh, S Kumara, G Reinhart, O Sauer, G Schuh,

W Sihn and K Ueda (2016). Cyber-physical systems in manufacturing. CIRP Annals-
Manufacturing Technology, 65(2), 621–641.
Niggemann, O, G Biswas, JS Kinnebrew, H Khorasgani, S Volgmann and A Bunte (2015).
Data-driven monitoring of cyber-physical systems leveraging on big data and the internet-
of-things for diagnosis and control. In CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Vol. 1507, pp. 185–
192, Proceedings of the 26th International Workshop on Principles of Diagnosis, DX
2015 — co-located with 9th IFAC Symposium on Fault Detection, Supervision and Safety
for Technical Processes, Safeprocess 2015.
Ning, H and H Liu (2015). Cyber-physical-social-thinking space based science and
technology framework for the internet of things. Science China Information Sciences,
58(3), 1–19.
Park, J and S Lee (2011). Trusted CPS server discovery mechanism in the insecure cloud
networks. In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 256 CCIS, pp. 160–
168, Control and Automation, and Energy System Engineering – International Con-
ferences, CA and CES3 2011, held as part of the FGIT 2011, in Conjunction with GDC
2011, Proceedings.
Pisching, MA, F Junqueira, DJ dos Santos Filho and PE Miyagi (2016). An architecture based
on IoT and CPS to organize and locate services. In 2016 IEEE 21st Int. Conf. Emerging
Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), November 3, 2016, pp. 1–4. IEEE.
Pisching, MA, F Junqueira, DJ Santos Filho and PE Miyagi (2015). Service composition
in the cloud-based manufacturing focused on the industry 4.0. In Doctoral Conference
on Computing, Electrical and Industrial Systems, pp. 65–72. Springer International
Publishing.
Rawat, DB, S Reddy, N Sharma and S Shetty (2014). Cloud-assisted dynamic spectrum access
for VANET in transportation cyber-physical systems. In 2014 IEEE Int. Performance
Computing and Communications Conf. (IPCCC), Austin, TX, US, pp. 1–2. IEEE.
Rawat, DB, S Reddy, N Sharma, BB Bista and S Shetty (2015). Cloud-assisted GPS-driven
dynamic spectrum access in cognitive radio vehicular networks for transportation cyber
physical systems. In 2015 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conf.
(WCNC), New Orleans, LA, US, pp. 1942–1947. IEEE.
Saldivar, AAF, Y Li, WN Chen, ZH Zhan, J Zhang and LY Chen (2015). Industry 4.0
with cyber-physical integration: A design and manufacture perspective. In 2015 21st Int.
Conf. Automation and Computing (ICAC), Glasgow, UK, pp. 1–6. IEEE.
Sanislav, T, G Mois, S Folea, L Miclea, G Gambardella and P Prinetto (2014). A cloud-based
cyber-physical system for environmental monitoring. In 2014 3rd Mediterranean Conf.
Embedded Computing (MECO), Budva, Montenegro, pp. 6–9. IEEE.
Sanislav, T, S Zeadally and GD Mois (2017). A cloud-integrated, multilayered, agent-based
cyber-physical system architecture. Computer, 50(4), 27–37.
Scheuermann, C, S Verclas and B Bruegge (2015). Agile factory — an example of an industry
4.0 manufacturing process. In 2015 IEEE 3rd Int. Conf. Cyber-Physical Systems, Networks,
and Applications (CPSNA), Hong Kong, China, pp. 43–47. IEEE.
Sequeira, H, P Carreira, T Goldschmidt and P Vorst (2014). Energy cloud: Real-time cloud-
native energy management system to monitor and analyze energy consumption in multiple
industrial sites. In Proc. 2014 IEEE/ACM 7th Int. Conf. Utility and Cloud Computing,
London, UK, pp. 529–534. IEEE Computer Society.
Sharaf-Dabbagh, Y and W Saad (2017). Cyber-physical ¯ngerprinting for internet of things
authentication: Demo abstract. In Proc. Second Int. Conf. Internet-of-Things Design and
Implementation, April 18, 2017, Pittsburgh, PA, US, pp. 301–302. ACM.
1750011-20
Shekhar, S (2016). Dynamic data driven cloud systems for cloud-hosted CPS. In 2016 IEEE
Int. Conf. Cloud Engineering Workshop (IC2EW), Berlin, Germany, pp. 195–197. IEEE.
Shu, Z, J Wan, D Zhang and D Li (2016). Cloud-integrated cyber-physical systems for
complex industrial applications. Mobile Networks and Applications, 21(5), 865–878.
Simmon, E, SK Sowe and K Zettsu (2015). Designing a cyber-physical cloud computing
architecture. IT Professional, 17(3), 40–45.
Snijders, C, U Matzat and UD Reips (2012). \Big Data": Big gaps of knowledge in the ¯eld of
internet science. International Journal of Internet Science, 7(1), 1–5.
Song, J, Y Zhang, K Duan, MS Hossain and SMM Rahman (2017). TOLA: Topic-oriented
learning assistance based on cyber-physical system and big data. Future Generation
Computer Systems, 75, 200–205.
Suciu, G, C Butca, V Suciu, A Cretu and O Fratu (2016). Cyber physical systems based
on cloud computing and internet of things for energy e±ciency. In Advanced Topics in
Optoelectronics, Microelectronics, and Nanotechnologies 2016, p. 1001013. International
Society for Optics and Photonics.
Sztipanovits, J, S Ying, I Cohen, D Corman, J Davis, H Khurana, PJ Mosterman, V Prasad

and L Stormo (2012). Strategic R&D opportunities for 21st century cyber-physical sys-
tems. Technical Report, Technical Report for Steering Committee for Foundation in In-
novation for Cyber-Physical Systems.
Taherkordi, A and F Eliassen (2014). Towards independent in-cloud evolution of cyber-
physical systems. In 2014 IEEE Int. Conf. Cyber-Physical Systems, Networks, and Appli-
cations (CPSNA), Hong Kong, China, pp. 19–24. IEEE.
Tantik, E and R Anderl (2016). Industrie 4.0: Using Cyber-physical systems for value-stream
based production evaluation. Procedia CIRP, 57, 207–212.
Thoben, KD, S Wiesner and T Wuest (2017). \Industrie 4.0" and smart manufacturing — A
review of research issues and application examples. International Journal of Automation
Technology 11(1), 4–16.
Thramboulidis, K and F Christoulakis (2016). UML4IoT — A UML-based approach to
exploit IoT in cyber-physical manufacturing systems. Computers in Industry,
82, 259–272.
Trappey, AJ, CV Trappey, UH Govindarajan, JJ Sun and AC Chuang (2016). A review of
technology standards and patent portfolios for enabling cyber-physical systems in
advanced manufacturing. IEEE Access, 4, 7356–7382.
Uhlemann, THJ, C Lehmann and R Steinhilper (2017). The digital twin: Realizing the
cyber-physical production system for industry 4.0. Procedia CIRP, 61, 335–340.
Wan, J, D Zhang, Y Sun and K Lin (2014a). VCMIA: A novel architecture for integrating
vehicular cyber-physical systems and mobile cloud computing. Mobile Networks and
Applications, 19(2), 153.
Wan, J, D Zhang, S Zhao, L Yang and J Lloret (2014b). Context-aware vehicular cyber-
physical systems with cloud support: Architecture, challenges, and solutions. IEEE Com-
munications Magazine, 52(8), 106–113.
Wang, L, R Gao and I Ragai (2014). An integrated cyber-physical system for cloud
manufacturing. ASME Paper No. MSEC2014-4171.
Wang, L, M T€orngren and M Onori (2015). Current status and advancement of
cyber-physical systems in manufacturing. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 37(Part 2),
517–527.
Wang, L and G Wang (2016). Big data in cyber-physical systems, digital manufacturing
and Industry 4.0. IJEM-International Journal of Engineering and Manufacturing (IJEM),
6(4), 1.
1750011-21
J. H. Kim
Xia, F, LT Yang, L Wang and A Vinel (2012). Internet of things. International Journal of
Communication Systems, 25(9), 1101.
Xie, L and Z Wang (2011). Modeling and simulation architecture for cloud computing and
Internet of Things (IOT) based Distributed Cyber-Physical Systems (DCPS). 23rd Eu-
ropean Modeling and Simulation Symp. (EMSS 2011), pp. 127–136.
Yan, H, J Wan, Y Wang, Z Wang and Z Song (2013). Vehicular cyber-physical systems with
mobile cloud computing support. In Int. Conf. Cloud Computing, Vol. 133, pp. 27–35.
Springer, Cham.
Yue, X, H Cai, H Yan, C Zou and K Zhou (2015). Cloud-assisted industrial cyber-physical
systems: An insight. Microprocessors and Microsystems, 39(8), 1262–1270.
Zhang, D, J Zhao, F Zhang and T He (2015). UrbanCPS: A cyber-physical system based on
multi-source big infrastructure data for heterogeneous model integration. In Proc. ACM/
IEEE Sixth Int. Conf. Cyber-Physical Systems, April 14, 2015, pp. 238–247. ACM.
Zhang, L (2014a). A framework to specify big data driven complex cyber physical
control systems. In 2014 IEEE Int. Conf. Information and Automation (ICIA), Hailar,
China, pp. 548–553. IEEE.

Zhang, L (2014b). Designing big data driven cyber physical systems based on AADL. In 2014
IEEE Int. Conf. Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC), San Diego, CA, US, pp. 3072–3077.
IEEE.
Zhang, L (2015). Speci¯cation and design method for big data driven cyber physical systems.
In Progress in Systems Engineering, pp. 849–857. Springer, Cham.
Zhang, Y, M Qiu, CW Tsai, MM Hassan and A Alamri (2015). Health-CPS: Healthcare
cyber-physical system assisted by cloud and big data. IEEE Syst. J., 11(1), 88–95.
1750011-22

A Review of Cyber-Physical System Research Relevant To The Emerging It Trends: Industry 4.0, Iot, Big Data, and Cloud Computing

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

A Review of Cyber-Physical System Research Relevant To The Emerging It Trends: Industry 4.0, Iot, Big Data, and Cloud Computing

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Journal of Industrial Integration and Management

Vol. 2, No. 3 (2017) 1750011 (22 pages)

A Review of Cyber-Physical System Research

Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota

Norfolk, VA 23508, USA

Received 24 April 2017

Big data Cloud Industry 4.0 IoT Total

2. Key Enabling Technologies

. Integration of CPS: CPS refers to the \integration of computation with

2.1. CPS research for industry 4.0

or newer tech (Trappey et al., 2016). Uni¯ed architectures for implementing

level generates a thorough knowledge of the monitored system. Proper presentation

Fig. 3. 5C architecture for implementing a CPS.

Fig. 4. CPS maturity model.

related to automation components and systems in ICPS. For developing a CPPS

hand, to examine and evaluate a highly-automated production system, Tantik and

2.2. CPS research for big data

model, Latent Dirichlet Allocation is used for topic analysis.

by Niggemann et al. (2015) shows how to solve the challenges of data-driven

2.3. CPS research for cloud computing

data processing, Engelsberger and Greiner (2015) introduce a software architecture

by a third party. Glotfelter et al. (2014) also introduce a PaaS-based software

MTConnect RESTful protocol for monitoring networked open-source RepRap-based

a context-aware layered architecture for demand side management using

2.4. CPS research for IoT

three-stage approach. By integrating wireless, non-invasive devices with fast,

manufacturing, Lu and Cecil (2015) outline the IoT-based cyber-physical frame-

3.3. Smart grids

control algorithms are executed in the cloud environment, which is considered as

3.5. Other applications

4. Discussion and Implication for Future Research

supply chain management. Interdisciplinary approaches can provide better

Bagheri, B, S Yang, HA Kao and J Lee (2015). Cyber-physical systems architecture

Glotfelter, P, T Eichelberger and PJ Martin (2014). PhysiCloud: A cloud-computing frame-

In Workshop on Embedded Systems Education (in conjunction with ESWeek), Scottsdale:

4.0-based manufacturing systems. Manufacturing Letters, 3, 18–23.

Monostori, L, B K adar, T Bauernhansl, S Kondoh, S Kumara, G Reinhart, O Sauer, G Schuh,

Sztipanovits, J, S Ying, I Cohen, D Corman, J Davis, H Khurana, PJ Mosterman, V Prasad

China, pp. 548–553. IEEE.

You might also like