Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES
1.0 All Bridge Works shall be designed and constructed as per the
Specifications and Codes of practice mentioned below as
amended from time to time till the date of opening of Tender.
(xi) UIC Code 772 – R Code for use of rubber bearings for rail
bridges: Specifications for Elastomeric Bearings.
Contractor and getting them checked by the Engineer has been dealt in
detail in Para 1 of Section B (Specification for Earth work)
2.2.1 In order to facilitate the setting out of work, the centre line of the bridge
must be accurately established by the contractor and got approved by
the Engineer.
For carrying out accurate survey work, survey tower shall be built one
on each bank and one inside the river where required and possible.
The tower shall be built in duplicate, securely founded and braced, the
inner tower shall support the instrument only and the outer shall
support the observer. The two towers should be entirely independent of
each other. The height of the tower shall not be less than the pier
height. The contractor shall be solely responsible for planning and
erection of suitable types of towers, which should be maintained
throughout the construction period.
4.0 RATE
All the above mentioned items of work are incidental to the construction
work and shall not be paid separately unless specifically mentioned in
Bill of Quantities.
5.0 OTHERS
1.0 EXCAVATION.
The contractor shall remove all vegetation, trees, structures and any
foreign material at the site. The area shall be stripped to remove roots
of grass/trees, and other organic materials shall be burnt and /or
removed to approved disposal areas or other locations as indicated by
the Engineer. Cost of labour, tools, transport etc. required for this is
deemed to be included in the overall rate.
The contractor shall control the grading in the vicinity of all excavations
so that the surface of the ground in vicinity is properly sloped or diked
to prevent surface water from running into the excavated areas during
construction.
1.5 Sides and bottoms of excavation shall be cut sharp and true.
Undercutting shall not be permitted. Earth sides of excavation shall not
be used in lieu of form work for placement of concrete unless
authorized, in special cases, by the Engineer, where limitations of
space for larger excavation necessitate such a decision.
1.6 When machines are used for excavation, the last 300 mm before
reaching the required level shall be excavated by hand or by such
equipment that will leave the soil at the required final level, in its natural
condition.
1.8 The bottom of excavations shall be trimmed to the required levels and
when carried below such levels, by error, shall be brought to level by
filling with lean concrete as specified, at the contractor’s cost.
a) Ordinary Soil: All kinds of soil except soil containing 50% or more
kankar and/or shingle and rock.
1.15 Measurement
In Hard/Dense soils and rocks, the sides of the trenches shall be kept
vertical if the depth of excavation is up to 2 metres. If depth of
excavation is more than 2m , the excavation profiles shall be widened
by allowing steps of 50 cms on either side after every 2 metres from the
bottom or the excavation can be done so as to give slope of 1:4 (1
horizontal : 4 vertical). Where the soil is soft/ loose, the width of steps
shall be suitably increased or sides slopes be kept flatter but limited to
1:1 or the soil shored up as directed by the Engineer-in- Charge. It shall
be the responsibility of the contractor to take complete instructions in
writing from the Engineer-in-Charge regarding the increase in width of
steps or flattening of side slopes for excavation deeper than 2 metres.
1.16.2 Excavation
The specifications for excavation items 1.0 to 1.14 above shall apply to
excavation work in rock also, except for the bottom of excavation,
where depending on the type of rock, over breaks up to a maximum
depth of 0.3 m below the required level may be allowed by the
Engineer at his discretion and paid accordingly. Concrete backfill in
such over breaks shall also be paid for. No payment shall, however, be
allowed for backfilling, if such over breaks are required to be brought to
grade by filling with only soil including its proper compaction.
1.16.3 Blasting material required for excavation work included in this tender
shall be arranged by the contractor from any authorized dealer of such
approved material. Necessary assistance in the form of approval for
procurement of the material will be given by the Employer. The
contractor shall be fully responsible for entering into agreement with
any authorized magazine contractor in respect of rates, regularity of
supply etc. Contractor will also obtain necessary license for
transporting, stocking and use of explosive and draft only suitably
qualified and licensed personnel for handling the explosives.
1.16.4 Blasting: All rules under the Explosives Act or other local rules in force
shall be fully observed. All blasting works shall be done in accordance
with the stipulations contained in the Indian Standards Specification
No. IS: 4081. Blasting shall be done by employing qualified personnel
and under careful supervision. Blasting shall only be carried out at
certain specified times as directed by the Engineer. Proper precautions
for safety of persons and property shall be taken. Where blasting is to
be carried out in the proximity of other structures, sand bags etc. shall
be used on top of the blast holes to prevent the rock fragments from
causing damage to adjacent structures and other property. The unit
rate for excavation involving blasting shall be inclusive of the cost of
providing all necessary material, labour and arranging for such
precautions.
The number of blasts to be fired and the actual number of shots heard
shall be compared and the person responsible shall satisfy himself by
examination that all blasts have exploded before any person working in
the area is permitted to re approach the work site. The withdrawal of
the unexploded charge shall not be permitted under any
circumstances. The tamping of the unexploded charge shall be flooded
with water and the hole marked in distinguishable manner. Another
hole shall be made at a distance of about 450 mm off the old hole and
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fired in the usual way. This process shall be continued till the original
blast is exploded.
1.16.8 All excavated materials obtained from excavation shall remain with
Employer. The useful portion shall be separated from the useless ones
and deposited in regular stacks at places indicated and as directed by
the Engineer.
1.17 Measurement
ii) When “hard rock” and “decomposed or soft rock” are mixed
together, the entire quantity of excavation done below rock level
shall be recorded from cross-section taken before commencement
and after completion of rock excavation, payment lines being as
provided in clauses 1.15 and 1.16.2. The hard rock excavated
shall be stacked, measured and reduced by 50% to allow for
bulking and voids to arrive at the quantity payable under “hard
rock”. The difference between the entire excavation below rock
level (between the pay lines) and the quantity payable under “hard
rock” shall be paid for as “decomposed or soft rock”.
vi) When the excavation in rock is paid for as a single item for all
classes of rock, the measurement will be made based on cross
sectional area after recording rock level at commencement and
finishing.
1.18.1 Wherever water table is met with during the excavation, the contractor
shall immediately report the fact to the Engineer who shall arrange to
record the exact level of the water table. The decision of the Engineer
in the matter shall be final.
1.18.2 The contractor shall dewater and maintain the water table below the
bottom of the excavation level during excavation, concreting and
backfilling.
2.0 BACKING
2.1 A backing of dry rubble walling will be provided behind abutments and
wing walls for facilitating proper drainage. It shall be provided to
dimensions in accordance with the drawings.
OR
3.0 BACKFILL
3.1 The contractor shall furnish all labour, equipment and materials
required for complete performance of the work in accordance with the
drawings and as described herein.
3.2 After completion of foundation footings, and abutments and wings walls
and other construction below the elevation of the final grades and prior
to backfilling, all forms, temporary shoring, timber etc. shall be removed
and the excavation cleaned of all trash, debris, and perishable
materials. Backfilling shall begin only with the approval of the Engineer.
3.3 Backfilling shall be done with inorganic materials, obtained from the
excavation or borrow pits, if suitable and subject to the approval of the
Engineer.
3.4 Backfill shall not be dropped directly upon or against any structure or
facility where there is danger of displacement or damage.
3.5 Fill material being granular and sandy type soil, therefore need to be
placed in 150mm or lesser thick layers and compacted with vibratory
plate compactors and / or sufficient watering. Each layer shall be
compacted with proper moisture content and with such equipment as
may be required to obtain a relative density equal to or greater than
95% of maximum as determined by the relevant Indian Standards.
Trucks or heavy equipment for depositing or compacting backfill shall
not be used within 1.5 m of building walls, piers, or other facilities which
may be damaged by their weight or operation. The methods of
compaction shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer. Pushing of
earth for backfilling shall not be adopted under any circumstances.
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3.12 Measurements
4.1 General
Weep Holes shall be provided in abutment wing wall and return wall
and backfill as shown on drawing or directed by the Engineer to drive
moisture from the backfilling. Weep holes shall be provided with PVC
pipe as shown in the drawing.
Weep holes shall be measured in running meter. The rate shall include
cost of materials, carriage, all leads and lifts tools and plants complete
in all respects including cleaning of weep holes.
1.0 GENERAL
Every bar shall be inspected before assembling on the work and any
defective, brittle, excessively rusted or burnt bars shall be removed.
Cracked ends of bars shall be cut out.
The various physical test shall be carried out as per IS: 226, IS: 1608,
IS:1599, IS:1387.
The bars shall be cleaned with dry gunny bags if they are coated lightly
with rust or other impurities. On no account shall the bars be oiled or
painted nor shall mould oil used on the formwork be allowed to come in
contact with the bars. Cement wash to bars will not be permitted.
5.0 WELDING
The unit rate for RCC work shall include cost of bending, placing,
welding if required and fixing & binding in position of reinforcement as
shown on the drawings and as directed by the Engineer. It shall also
include cost of all devices for keeping reinforcement in approved
position, cost of jointing as per approved method and all wastage,
overlaps and spacer bars.
iii. Dry uniformly graded silica sand is used for blast cleaning which
should be free from contaminants.
ii. A rapid setting primer shall be applied over the prepared surface
of the reinforcing steel either by brushing or dipping.
1.0 CEMENT
i. The cement used shall be any of the following, with the prior
approval of the Engineer :
2.0 AGGREGATES
40 mm.
(ii) Sand, if found too coarse, shall be suitably blended with finer sand
obtained from approved sources to obtain the desired grading.
The provision of two types of sand, their stacking separately and
their mixing in the specified proportions shall be at the contractor's
cost.
The sand shall not contain silt, shale, clay and other week
particles more than a total of 3% by weight.
3.0 WATER
(i) Water used for washing of aggregates and for mixing and curing
concrete shall be clean and free from injurious amounts of oils,
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The sample of water taken for testing shall represent the water
proposed to be used for concreting, due account being paid to
seasonal variation. The sample shall not receive any treatment,
before testing other than that envisaged in the regular supply of
water proposed for use in concrete. The sample shall be stored in
a clean container previously rinsed out with similar water.
The initial setting time of test block made with the appropriate
cement and the water proposed to be used shall not be less than
30 minutes and shall not differ by ±30 minutes from the initial
setting time of control test block prepared and tested in
accordance with the requirements of IS:4031.
5.1 General
The Engineer may permit the use of admixtures for imparting special
characteristics to the concrete or mortar on satisfactory evidence that
the use of such admixtures does not adversely affect the properties of
concrete or mortar particularly with respect to strength, volume change
durability and has no deleterious effect on reinforcement.
6.1 General
6.2 Aggregates
6.3 Cement
The Contractor shall make a monthly return to the Engineer on the date
corresponding to the interim certificate date, showing the quantities of
cement received and issued during the month and in stock at the end
of the month.
Testing
A sample shall be tested from every batch of cement delivered on site
or once for every 1000 bags whichever is more frequent. Tests shall be
carried out for fineness, initial and final setting time, and compressive
strength (IS: 4031) and the result approved by the Engineer before use
of the cement in permanent works. Samples shall be taken immediately
on receipt of cement at site. The methods and procedure of sampling
shall be in accordance with IS: 3535. The Engineer may specify other
forms of sampling and tests including chemical analysis, (IS: 4032)
from his opinion the cement is of doubtful quality; the costs of such
additional tests shall be borne by the contractor.
7.1 For all items of concrete only design mix shall be used. Prior to the
start of construction" the Contractor shall design the mix and submit to
the Engineer for approval, the proportions of materials, including
admixtures to be used. Water-reducing admixtures (including
plasticizers or super- plasticizers) may be used at the Contractor's
option, subject to the approval of the Engineer.
The concrete mix proportions chosen should be such that the concrete
is of adequate workability for the placing conditions of the concrete and
can properly be compacted with the means available.
Degree of
Placing conditions Values of workability
workability
(1) (2) (3)
Concreting of shallow Very low 20-10 seconds, vee-bee
sections with vibration time or 0.75-0.80,
compacting factor
Concreting of lightly Low 10-15 seconds, vee-bee
reinforced sections time or 0.80-0.85
with vibration compacting factor
Concreting of lightly Medium 5-2 seconds, vee-bee time
reinforced sections or 0.85-0.92, compacting
without vibrations, or factor or 25-75 mm, slump
heavily reinforced for 20 mm * aggregate
section with vibration.
Concreting of heavily High Above 0.92 compacting
reinforced sections factor or 75-125mm*
without vibration aggregate.
7.3 Durability
Permeability
(i) Permeability test shall be mandatory for all RCC/PSC bridges under
severe and extreme environment;
(ii) Under moderate environment, permeability test shall be mandatory
for all major bridges and for other bridges permeability test is
desirable to the extent possible.
(iii) Permeability test is required for RCC/PSC structural element only.
The limits for maximum water cement ratio for design mix shall be
based on environmental conditions as defined in Clause 7.3. The limits
for maximum water-cement ratio for different environmental conditions
shall be as given in Table below:
Concrete of grades M-10, M-15 & M-20 are normally used in mass
concrete work and usually mixed by volumetric batching also. The mix
for this would be:
M-10 - 1:3:6
M-15 - 1:2:4
M-20 - 1:1.5:3
Non aggressive
Aggressive Environment (Severe, Very environment
severe & Extreme) (Mild &
Moderate)
Super Structure Substructure of bridges
All structures
of Bridges (in affected part only)
Epoxy – Phenolic
IPN coating Coal tar epoxy coating No coating is
Or necessary
CECRI
Integrated four
coat system
2. The mix shall be designed to produce the grade of concrete having the
required workability, durability and a characteristic strength not less
than appropriate value given in following Table. The procedure given in
IS:10262 may be followed for mix design.
8.0 EQUIPMENT
Mixers which have been out of use for more than 30 minutes shall be
thoroughly cleaned before putting in a new batch. Unless otherwise
agreed to by the Engineer, the first batch of concrete from the mixer
shall contain only two thirds of the normal quantity of coarse aggregate.
Mixing plant shall be thoroughly cleaned before changing from one
type of mix to another.
manner and the distance between insertions should be about one and
half times the radius of the area visibly affected by vibration. Additional
vibrators in serviceable condition shall be kept at site so that they can
be used in the event of breakdowns.
Mechanical vibrators used shall comply with IS. 2505, IS: 2506, IS:
2514 and IS. 4656.
11.1 General
The construction joints shall comply with the provisions given at para
11.2, 11.3 & 11.4.Properly designed reinforcement shall be provided
for transfer of full tensile stress across the joints prior to casting of the
next lift.
The best time for treating the joint is a matter of judgment because it
depends on the rate of setting and hardening (which is itself dependent
on the temperature of the concrete). Before further concrete is cast, the
surface should be thoroughly cleaned to remove debris and
accumulated rubbish, one effective method being air jet.
Where there is likely to be a delay before placing the next concrete lift,
protruding reinforcement should be protected. Before the next lift is
placed, rust loose mortar, or other contamination should be removed
from the bars and where conditions are particularly aggressive and
there has been a substantial delay between lifts, the concrete should
be cut back to expose the bars for a length of about 50 mm to ensure
that contaminated concrete is removed.
When the formwork is fixed for the next lift, it should be inspected to
ensure that no leakage can occur from the fresh concrete. It is a good
practice to fix a 6 mm thick sponge which seals the gap completely.
The top section of the tremie shall have a hopper large enough to hold
one full batch of the mix or the entire contents of the transporting
bucket as the case may be. The tremie pipe shall not be less than
200mm in diameter and shall be large enough to allow a free flow of
concrete and strong enough to withstand the external pressure of the
water in which it is suspended, even if a partial vacuum develops inside
the pipe. Preferably, flanged steel pipe of adequate strength for the job
shall be used. A separate lifting device shall be provided for each
tremie pipe with its hopper at the upper end. Unless the lower end of
the pipe is equipped with an approved automatic check valve, the
upper end of the pipe shall be plugged with a wadding of gunny
sacking or other approved material before delivering the concrete to
the tremie pipe through the hopper, so that when the concrete is forced
down from the hopper to the pipe, it will force the plug (and along with it
any water in the pipe) down the pipe and out of the bottom end, thus
establishing a continuous stream of concrete. It will be necessary to
raise slowly the tremie in order to allow a uniform flow of concrete, but
it shall not be emptied so that water is not allowed to enter above the
concrete in the pipe, at all times after placing of concrete is started and
until all the required quantity has been placed. The lower end of the
tremie pipe shall be kept below the surface of the plastic concrete. This
will cause the concrete to build up from below instead of flowing out
over the surface and thus avoid formation of layers of laitance. If the
charge in the tremie is lost while depositing, the tremie shall be raised
above the concrete surface and unless sealed by a check valve, it shall
be replugged at the top end, as at the beginning, before refilling for
depositing further concrete.
13.1 General
Where members are of considerable size and length, with high cement
content accelerated curing methods maybe applied, as approved by
the Engineer.
13.2 Moist Curing - The concrete should be kept constantly wet for a
minimum period of 14 (fourteen) days. Water should applied on
unformed surfaces as soon as it can be done without marring the
surface and on formed surfaces immediately after the forms are
stripped. The concrete shall be kept constantly wet by ponding or
covered with a layer of sacking canvas, hessian or a similar absorbent
material. When air temperature is expected to drop below 5 0 C during
the curing period, additional covering of cotton/gunny bags straw or
other suitable blanketing material shall be provided so that concrete
temperature at surface does not fall below 10 0 C.
13.2 Curing Compound – Curing compound shall be used only with the
prior approval of the Engineer. Approved curing compounds may be
used in lieu of moist curing with the permission of the engineer. Such
compounds shall be applied to all exposed surfaces of the concrete
along with stripping of form work. Tests shall be done to ascertain:
14.0 FINISHING
All construction and expansion joints in the completed work shall be left
carefully tooled and free from any mortar and concrete. Expansion joint
filler shall be left exposed for its full length with clean and true edges.
Concrete under acceptance shall be notionally divided into lots for the
purpose of sampling, before commencement of work. The delimitation
of lots shall be determined by the following:
Three test specimens shall be made from each sample for testing at 28
day. Additional cubes may be required for various purposes such as to
determine the strength of concrete at 7 days for any other purpose.
The test strength of the sample shall be the average of the strength of
3 cubes. The individual variation should not be more than + 15 percent
of average. If more, the test results of the sample are invalid. When
individual variation exceeds this limit, the procedure for the fabrication
of specimen and calibration of the testing machine should be checked.
15.2.1 In order to get a relatively quick idea of the quality of concrete, optional
tests on beams for modulus of rupture at 72+2 hours or at 7 days, or
compressive strength tests at 7 days may be carried out in addition to
28 days compressive strength tests. For this purpose, the values given
in Table below may be taken for general guidance in case of concrete
made with ordinary Portland cement. In all cases, the 28 days
compressive strength specified in para 2 of clause 7.8 shall alone be
the criterion for acceptance or rejection of the concrete.
15.3 Frequency
thereof
16.1 Compressive strength - When both the following conditions are met,
the concrete complies with the specified compressive strength:
a. The mean strength determined from any group of four
consecutive test results complies with the appropriate limits in
column A of table given below;
b. Any individual test result complies with the appropriate limits in
Column B of table given below.
16.2 Flexural strength - When both the following conditions are met, the
concrete complies with the specified flexural strength:
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The Contractor shall provide and maintain on site at all times, until the
works are completed, equipment and staff required for carrying out
these tests. The Contractor shall grant the Engineer or his
representative full access to his laboratory at all times and shall
produce on demand complete records of all tests carried out on site.”
17.0 CRACKS
(i) If cracks develop in concrete construction, which in the opinion
of the Engineer may be detrimental to the strength of the
construction, the Contractor at his own expense shall test the
construction item. If under such test loads the cracks develop
further, the Contractor shall dismantle the construction, carry
away the debris, replace the construction and carry out all
consequential work thereto.
Sl.
No Description Tolerances
.
1. Shift from alignment ±25 mm
2. Deviation from plumb or 1 in 250, subject to a maximum
specified batter for face value of batter for face of exposed
of the pier piers 0.05 times the least lateral
dimension of pier.
3. Deviation from plumb or
specified batter for face 1 in 125
of back filled abutments.
4. Cross Sectional
- 5 mm
dimensions of piers
+ 20 mm
abutments and girders.
5. Thickness of deck slab of + 6 mm
bridges - 3 mm
Sl.
No Description Tolerances
.
6. Size and location of
±12 mm
openings
7. Plan dimensions of + 50 mm
footings (formed) - 25 mm
8. Plan dimensions of
+ 75 mm
footings (unformed
- 00 mm
excavation)
9. Thickness of footings + No limit
- 5%
10. Footing eccentricity 0.02 times the width of the footing
in the direction of deviation but not
more than 50 mm
11. Reduced level of top of
±5 mm
footing / pier / bed block
12. Centre to centre distance
of pie and abutments at ±30 mm
pier top
13. Centre to Centre distance
±5 mm
of bearings along span
14. Centre to centre distance
of pier bearings across ±5 mm
span
19.2 General
19.3 Loads
False work shall be designed to cater for following loads:
19.4 Materials – All the materials shall conform to the specified quality
consistent with the intended purpose and actual site condition as
applicable.
19.5 False work Plans – False work plans shall include the following
information:
19.6 Formwork
19.6.1 General – The formwork shall conform to the shapes, lines and
dimensions shown on the drawings such that the relevant tolerances of
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“Forms for finished surfaces should be smooth and mortar tight. If wood
forms are used, the boards must be uniform in the thickness, tongued
and grooved, smoothly finished on the surface next to the concrete,
evenly matched and tightly placed, except where the desired surface or
appearance requires special treatment. The use of forms of plywood /
Steel / similar product is also permitted.
The contractor shall furnish the design and drawing of complete form
work (i.e. the forms as well as their supports) for approval of the
Engineer before any erection is taken up. If proprietary system of
formwork is used, the contractor shall furnish detailed information to
the Engineer for approval.
Notwithstanding any approval or review of drawing and design by the
Engineer, the contractor shall be entirely responsible for the adequacy
and safety for formwork.
19.6.5 Stripping Time- Forms shall not be struck until the concrete has
reached a strength at least twice the stress to which the concrete may
be subjected at the time of removal of formwork. The strength referred
to shall be that of concrete using the same cement and aggregates,
with the same proportions and cured under conditions of temperature
and moisture similar to those existing on the work. Where possible, the
formwork shall be left longer as it would assist the curing.
The number of props left under, their sizes and disposition shall be
such as to be able to safely carry the full dead load of the slab or beam
as the case may be together with any live load likely to occur during
curing or further construction.
Where the shape of the element is such that the formwork has
reentrant angles, the formwork shall be removed as soon as possible
after the concrete has set, to avoid shrinkage cracking occurring due to
the restraint imposed.
For slip form the rate of slipping the formwork shall be designed for
each individual case taking into account various parameters including
the grade of concrete, concrete strength, concrete temperature,
ambient temperature, concrete admixtures, etc.
For specialized formwork, the form lining material may be steel sheet of
appropriate thickness. Steel sheeting is preferred because large
number of repetitions are involved. A method of erection has been
suggested in the chapter on Erection methodology .The Contractor
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Specifications RVNL
may adopt the same after firming it up or go in for an alternative safe &
stable method of erection.
1.0 GENERAL
All materials used in the prestressed concrete shall be got tested as per
specifications.
2.0 MATERIALS
2.1 Concrete
2.1.1 Cement
2.1.2 Aggregates
2.1.3 Water
Water free from impurities and as per clause 4.3 of IRS Concrete
Bridge code shall only be permitted.
2.1.4 Admixture
2.2.1 The tenderer(s) will be required to furnish type of prestressing steel and
the name of the firm from which the supply is intended to be procured
and also the necessary test certificates regarding both chemical as well
as physical properties of the prestressing steel proposed to be used in
the prestressing cables. The tenderer(s) will have to make their own
2.2.2 All prestressing steel shall be procured in coils not less than 2440 mm
diameter and shall be straightened and degreased (if present) by an
approved method before use.
2.4 Sheathing
as per tests specified in Appendix “B” of IRS concrete bridge code and
a test certificate of this effect shall be furnished by the manufacturer.
2.5 Anchorage
2.5.2 The anchorage shall be safe and secure against both dynamic and
static loads as well as against impact.
3.1 Form work shall conform to clause 6.2 to 6.5 of IRS Concrete Bridge
Code 1997 for all PSC/RCC works. These specifications shall be read
in conjunction with the IS specifications and MORTH Specifications.
3.2 The form work, false work, staging scheme etc. shall be designed by
the Contractor and approved by the Engineer before starting of work.
(ii) The tensioning equipment shall be such that it can apply controlled
total force gradually on the concrete without inducting dangerous
secondary stresses in steel, anchorage or concrete and
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4.1.2 The force in the tendons during the tensioning shall be measured by
direct-reading load cells or obtained indirectly from gauges fitted in the
hydraulic system to determine the pressure in the jacks. Facilities shall
be provided for the measurement of the extension of the tendon and of
any movement of the tendon in the gripping devices. The load
measuring device shall be calibrated to an accuracy within +2% and
checked at intervals to the approval of the Engineer. Elongation of
tendon shall be measured to an accuracy within + 2% or 2 mm
whichever is more accurate.
4.1.4 The alignment and position of ducts within the girder are critical. Short
kinks and wobbles shall be avoided. The trajectory of ducts shall not
depart from the curve or straight lines shown in the drawing by more
than 1 in 240. The cable position shall not deviate by more than 5 mm
from the designed trajectory vertically.
4.1.5 Anchorage devices for all post tensioning systems must be aligned with
the direction of the axis of the tendons at the point of attachment.
Concrete surfaces, against which the anchorage devices bear must be
normal to this line of direction. Accurate measurement of anchorage
losses due to slippage or other causes shall be made and compared
with the assumed losses and necessary adjustments or correction shall
be made in the stressing operation.
4.1.6 The clear cover shall be uniform and as per the drawings. Concrete
cover blocks used, shall be of the same concrete mix as the member
and shall contain the binding wire to secure it to the reinforcement. All
ends of binding wire shall be carefully turned inside so that they do not
project out of concrete cover. Reinforcement bars shall be adequately
secured by chairs/ties/hangers so that it will maintain its position during
casting and vibrating concrete. Ends of the wires used to tie bars shall
be bent into the member.
5.1 Normally, concreting of Box girder shall be done in one single pour
only. However, if the arrangements of casting of PSC box girder
proposed by the tenderer require two stage concreting, the scheme
should be submitted with details for obtaining prior approval of the
Engineer. For concreting of Box girder, if use of approved quality of
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Specifications RVNL
5.3 Special care shall be taken for curing of concrete in order to ensure
maximum durability and to minimise cracking. Concrete surface shall
be kept continuously wet for a period of at least 15 days. Rapid
lowering of concrete temperature which may induce a thermal shock
shall be avoided. Any modern methods of curing including application
of coats on the concrete surface can be adopted with the prior approval
of the Engineer.
5.4 The minimum and maximum cement content for PSC work shall be 430
kg and 500 kg per cubic metre of concrete respectively. Similarly, the
corresponding figures for RCC work shall be 400 kg and 500 kg per
cubic metre respectively.
5.7 During concreting, care shall be taken to ensure that the sheathing is
not damaged. Needle vibrators shall be used with extreme care by well
experienced staff only, to ensure the above requirements.
5.8 The HTS strands shall be moved in both directions during the
concreting operations, which can easily be done by light hammering the
ends of the wires/strands during concreting. It is also advisable that 3 to
4 hours after concreting, the cable should be moved both ways through
a distance of about 20 cms to reduce the chance of blockages due to
any leakage of mortar. This operation can also be done by fixing
prestressing jacks at one end, pulling the entire cable and then
repeating the operation by fixing the jack at the other end.
5.10 All precast slabs/parapet blocks used in gang paths etc. are to be table
vibrated.
5.11.2 Deleted
5.11.3 Deleted
5.11.3.1 Deleted
5.11.3.2 Deleted
5.12.1 For all structural concreting work the Contractor shall provide automatic
or any other suitable weigh-batching plant of sufficient capacity. The
plant used shall conform to IS: 4925.
5.12.2 The Contractor shall provide Concrete mixers (IS: 1791 – Batch type
concrete mixers, IS: 2438-Roller Pan Mixer) and Vibrators (IS: 2505-
Concrete Vibrators Immersion Type, IS: 2506-Screed board concrete
vibrators, IS: 4656-Form Vibrators for Concrete) as per site requirement
supplied by only the recognised manufacturers.
7.2 All precautions shall be taken to ensure that the sheathings do not get
contaminated with deleterious chemicals, salts, etc. during
manufacture, storage and installation.
7.3 Any slack in the pre-stressing tendon shall first be taken up by applying
a small tension. For arriving at the extent of correction and the actual
total elongation, the following procedure (as per clause 7.2.6.5.6.1 of
IRS Concrete Bridge Code) shall be followed;
(iii) even then, if the variation does not come within 5% then the cable
is to be rejected.
7.4 Large tensioning forces, which are necessary for all pre-stressing
operations make all such constructions very hazardous. The Contractor
is, therefore, required to establish good safety devices and following
instructions shall be complied with:
ii) Jacks shall be secured in such a manner that they will be held in
position, should they lose their grip on the tendons.
vii) After prestressing, concrete shall neither be drilled nor any portion
cut nor chipped away nor disturbed, without express approval of
the Engineer.
7.6 It shall be noted that the system of jacking the cable wholly (i.e. for
pulling all the wires/strands of each cable together and anchoring) be
adopted for the PSC girders and the quoted rates shall take care of
this.
8.1 General
8.2 Materials
8.2.1 Water
Water free from impurities and as per clause 4.3 of IRS Concrete
Bridge Code shall only be permitted.
8.2.2 Cement
8.2.4 Admixtures
8.3.1 All ducts should have grout openings at both ends. For this purpose
special openings shall be provided where such openings are not
available at end anchorages. For draped (curved) cables crown points
shall have a grout vent. For draped cables longer than 50m grout vents
or drain holes may be provided at or near the lowest points. All grout
openings or vents shall include provisions for preventing grout leakage.
8.3.2 Standard details of fixing couplers, inlets, outlets and air vents to the
duct anchorage shall be followed as recommended by the supplier of
the system of prestressing.
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Specifications RVNL
8.3.4 Ducts require very careful handling as, being of thin metal are
susceptible to leakage due to corrosion in transit or storage.
Tearing/ripping in handling particularly when placed adjoining
reinforcement steel by pulling apart of joints while inserting tendons,
prior to concreting or by accidental puncturing while drilling for form,
ties/inserts needs to be carefully prevented. Ducts are also liable to
damage by rough use of internal vibrator and sparks from welding
being done close by.
8.4 Equipment
Standard details of fixing inlets, and air vents to the sheathing and/or
anchorage should be followed as specified by the supplier of the
system of prestressing. In general, all connections shall be of the
“Quick Couple” type and at change of diameters, suitable reducers
shall be provided.
8.5.2 Before grouting, the properties of the grout mix should be tested in a
laboratory depending on the facilities available. Tests shall be
conducted for each job periodically. The recommended test is
described below.
8.6.1 Proportions of the materials shall be based on field trials made on the
grout mix before commencement of grouting, but subject to the limits
specified above. The materials should be measured by weight.
8.6.2 Water shall be added to the mixer first, followed by cement. Admixture
if any may be added as approved by the Engineer.
8.6.3 Mixing time depends upon the type of the mixer but will normally be
between 2 and 3 minutes. However, mixing should be for such a
duration as to obtain uniform and thoroughly blended grout without
excessive temperature increase or loss of expansive properties of the
admixtures. The grout should be continuously agitated until it is
injected.
8.6.4 Once mixed, no water shall be added to the grout to increase its fluidity.
8.7.1 General
8.7.1.1 Grouting shall be carried out as early as possible but not later than one
week of stressing a tendon. Whenever this stipulation cannot be
complied with for unavoidable reasons, adequate temporary protection
of the steel against corrosion by methods or products which will not
impair the ultimate adherence of the injected grout should be ensured
till grouting. The sealing of the anchorage ends after concreting is
considered to be a good practice to prevent ingress of water. For
structures in aggressive environment, sealing of the anchorage ends is
mandatory.
Notes:
1. Application of some patented water soluble oils for coating of
steel/VPI powder injections/sending in of hot, dry and oil free
compressed air through the vents at frequent intervals have
shown some good results.
8.7.1.2 Any traces of oil if applied to steel for preventing corrosion should be
removed before grouting operation.
8.7.1.3 Ducts shall be flushed with water for cleaning as well as for wetting the
surfaces of the duct walls. Water used for flushing should be of the
same quality as used for grouting. It may, however, contain about 1 per
cent of slaked lime or quick lime. All water should be drained through
the lowest drain pipe or by blowing compressed air through the duct.
8.7.1.4 The water in the duct should be blown out with oil free compressed air.
Blowing out water from duct for cables longer than 50m draped up at
both ends by compressed air may not be effective Outlet/vent provided
at or near the lowest point shall be used to drain out water from duct.
8.7.1.5 The connection between the nozzle of the injection pipe and duct
should be such that air cannot be sucked in.
8.7.1.6 All outlet points including vent openings should be kept open prior to
the commencement of injection of grout.
8.7.1.7 Before grouting, all air in the pump and hose should be expelled. The
suction circuit of the pump should be airtight.
8.7.2.3 The method of injection should ensure complete filling of the ducts. To
verify this, it is advisable to compare the volume of the space to be
filled by injected grout with the quantity to grout actually. Also the
bypass system indicated above is essential for further safety.
8.8.1 When the ambient temperature during the day is likely to exceed 40
degree C, grouting should be done in the early morning or late evening
hours.
8.8.2 When the cables are threaded after concreting, the duct must be
temporarily protected during concreting by inserting a stiff rod or a rigid
PVC pipe or any other suitable method.
8.8.3 During concreting, care shall be taken to ensure that the sheathing is
not damaged. Needle vibrators shall be used with extreme care by well
experienced staff only to ensure the above requirements.
8.8.4 It is a good practice to move the cables in both directions during the
concreting operations. This can easily be done by light hammering the
ends of the wires/strands during concreting. It is also advisable that 3 to
4 hours after concreting the cable should be moved both ways through
a distance of about 20 cms. With such movement, any leakage of
mortar which has taken place in spite of all precautions loses bond with
the cables, thus reducing the chance of blockages. This operation can
also be done by fixing prestressing jacks at one end, pulling the entire
cable and then repeating the operation by fixing the jack at the other
end. Compressed air should be also be pumped to clear leaked mortar
plug.
8.8.5 In case of stage prestressing, cables tensioned in the first stage should
not remain ungrouted till all cables are stressed. It is a good practice
while grouting any duct in stage prestressing to keep all the remaining
ducts filled up with water containing 1 percent lime or by running water
through such ducts till the grout has set. After grouting the particular
cable the water in the other cables should be drained and removed with
compressed air to prevent corrosion.
8.8.6 Care should be taken to avoid leaks from one duct to another at joints
of precise members.
8.8.7 End faces where anchorages are located are vulnerable points of entry
of water. They have to be necessarily protected with an effective
barrier. Recesses should be packed with mortar/concrete and should
preferably be panted with water proof paint.
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9.0 INSPECTION
ix) Any other items required direction for ensuring quality, process,
and smooth functioning of the work.
a) Date of tensioning/grouting
iv. Records of concreting operations and tests shall be kept so that the
following data be recorded for each member or each group of
members cast on one bed.
a) Date of calibration.
c) Method of calibration.
The supplier of the bearings shall despatch the bearings in its true
position from the workshop with its top and bottom plates suitably
clamped. Dismantling of bearings at site shall not be permitted under
normal circumstances.
The load shall be transferred on to the bearing only when the bedding
materials has developed sufficient strength.
The details of seating of pot and other bearings shall be strictly as per
manufacturer’s recommendations.
resistant materials not less than 100 mm dia in the least dimension and
shall be provided with suitable clean out fixtures. These outlets shall be
so provided that the discharge of the rain water drained by them is not
directed towards any part of the super-structure or sub-structure
component.
High tensile (prestressing) steel shall be paid for separately and its
length shall be measured as actually incorporated in the finished work.
From the length so measured its weight shall be calculated in tonnes
on theoretical basis and paid for. Anchorage devices, additional length
of cables for attaching jack, ducts or sheathing, grout, non-prestressed
steel reinforcement fixed to the anchorage devices, making of recesses
and filling the same, protection by painting with epoxy and furnishing
samples for testing shall all be deemed to be included in the item of
high tensile steel and shall not be measured separately.
15.0 RATE
The contract unit rate for prestressed concrete shall cover the cost of
all materials, labour, tools and plant required for mixing, placing in
position, vibrating and compacting, finishing as per directions of the
Engineer, curing and other incidental expenses for producing concrete
of specified strength to complete the structure or its components as
shown on the drawings and according to specifications. The contract
unit rate shall also include the cost of making, fixing and removing of all
centring and forms required for the work.
The contract unit rate for high tensile steel shall cover the cost of
material, labour, tools and plant required for manufacturing, placing,
tensioning anchoring and grouting the high tensile steel in the
prestressed concrete as shown on the drawings and as per
specifications herein above or as directed by the Engineer.
1.1 Content
2.1 Installation of piles shall be carried out as per pile layout drawings,
installation criteria and the instructions of the Engineer.
2.3 The Contractor shall ensure and guarantee the “safe load” capacities
both for initial test piles and working piles, as mentioned in the
schedule of items.
2.4 Before installing the initial test pile, Contractor shall finalise the pile
testing arrangement and get the approval from the Engineer.
2.5 It is envisaged that the working piles shall be installed after the
successful completion of the initial pile load test.
2.6 In case the Contractor desires to install the working piles, pending
successful completion of initial pile load test, he may be permitted to do
so, provided he gives undertaking to the Engineer to bear all
associated risks and costs involved to make up for the short falls in the
pile capacity, in the event of the failure of the initial pile load tests to
establish specified safe load carrying capacity of initial test pile.
2.7 The Engineer reserves the right to reject any pile which in his opinion is
defective on account of safe load carrying capacity, structural integrity,
position, alignment, concrete quality etc. Piles that are defective shall
be pulled out or left in place as judged convenient by the Engineer,
without affecting the performance of adjacent piles. The Contractor
shall install additional piles to substitute the defective piles, as per the
directions of the Engineer, at no extra cost to the owner. Further, the
cost of additional piles and increase in the pile cap size, if any, on
account of additional piles shall be borne by the Contractor. Cement
and steel used on account of additional piles and / or increase in the
pile cap size shall be subject to provision of panel recovery at the rate
specified under relevant clauses of special conditions of contract. If any
bore hole is defective or is abandoned, it shall be filled up with lean
concrete 1:4:8 at contractor’s cost.
2.8 In case, the Contractor fails to establish the safe load carrying capacity
based on initial pile load test, the owner shall have full rights to get the
work of piling done by any other agency of repute, all at the risks and
cost of the Contractor.
2.9 Each pile shall be identified with a reference number. The convenience
of installation may be taken into account while scheduling the sequence
of piling in a group.
2.10 Level marks shall be accurately painted on each pile immediately after
its installation. Subsequently, if any pile displays any tendency to heave
up due to installation of other piles or due to any other reasons, the
same shall be reinstalled firms as per the directions of the Engineer
without any extra cost.
2.11 The Contractor shall record all the information during installation of
piles. Typical data sheet for recording pile data shall be as shown at
Annexure-1. On completion of each pile installation, pile record in
triplicate shall be submitted to the Engineer within two days of
completion of concreting of the pile.
2.2.1 Piles shall be installed as accurately vertical (for vertical piles) as well
as to specified rake (for raker piles) as possible. The permissible limits
for deviation with respect to position and (inclination) alignment shall
confirm to IS: 2911.
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2.4.1 Bored spoil material and contaminated mud shall be disposed off up to
a lead of 2 kms as directed by Engineer.
3.0 CONCRETING
3.1 Technical specification for cast-in-situ concrete and allied works along
with IS: 2911 shall be applicable to concrete works for piles.
3.1.2 The slump of concrete shall vary between 150 to 180 mm for bored
piles.
3. 2 Concreting shall not be done until the Engineer is satisfied that the
termination level of pile, is as per the installation criteria mentioned
elsewhere in the specification.
3.4.1 Concreting by tremie shall continue to allow the initial pours of concrete
mixed with bentonite slurry, sludge and cut spoils from the bore over
flows and the consistency and quality of the over flowing concrete is
comparable to that of designed mix. The length of over flow will be
decided by the Engineer.
3.5.2 The top of concrete in pile as cast shall be above the cut-off-level by
1.0 metre (maximum) to remove all laitance and weak concrete and to
ensure good concrete at cut-off-level, for proper embedment into the
pile cap.
3.5.3 Cement being used for concreting this extra length of pile above the
cut-off-level, as per the requirements of technical specification shall
only be considered as the material being used for the work, for the
purposes of reconciliation of cement consumption.
3.5.4 Preparation of Pile head: The area surrounding the piles shall be
excavated up to the bottom of the pile caps. After seven days of
concreting of pile, the exposed part of concrete above the COL shall be
removed / chipped off and made rough at COL. The projected
reinforcement above COL shall be properly cleaned and bent to the
required shape and level to be anchored into the pile-cap. The pile top
shall be embedded into the pile cap by 150 mm or clear cover to
reinforcement, whichever is higher.
3.5.5 All loose material on the top of pile head after chipping to the desired
level shall be removed and disposed off up to a lead of 2Kms as
directed by the Engineer.
4.0 REINFORCEMENT
4.1 Technical specification for cast-in-situ concrete and allied works along
with IS:2911 shall be applicable for reinforcement for piles.
4.3 The longitudinal reinforcement shall project 50 times its diameter above
cut-off-level unless otherwise indicated.
4.4 The minimum clear spacing between the two adjacent main
reinforcement bars shall normally be 100 mm for the full depth of cage
and they shall be held firmly in position by tack welding suitable
stiffeners. For links, the spacing shall not be less than 150mm and in
no case more than 250mm.
5.1 If any pile, already cast as per construction drawing, requires any extra
casting due to any change in cut-off-level, then the pile shall be built up
by using at least one grade higher concrete than specified for piles,
ensuring proper continuity with the existing concrete and to the
satisfaction of the Engineer. Necessary reinforcement, as per design
requirement and suitable shuttering shall be provided, before casting
the concrete. Surrounding soil shall also be built up to the required level
by proper compaction, to ensure lateral capacity of the pile.
6.1 If any pile already cast requires breaking, due to subsequent change of
cut-off-level, then the same shall be carried out, not before seven days
of casting without affecting the quality of existing pile, such as
loosening, cracking etc., and to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
7.1 Bore hole shall be made as per IS: 1892 for determining (which is one
of the criteria of establishing) start of socking horizon and termination
level of piles. Standard Penetration Test (SPT), as per IS: 2131, in a
bore hole shall be conducted at 1.0 m interval in the overburden soil
and rock portion having core recovery < 30%.
7.2 Number of bore holes for determining termination shall vary depending
on the site condition and as decided by the Engineer. In case of
uniform strata, 1 borehole may be sufficient for 40-50 piles or in a pile
group. In case of erratic strata, the number of boreholes may be 1 in 20
to 40 piles. However, at the location of initial load test piles, one such
borehole shall be done at each location.
8.1 This part of the specification covers the requirements for initial and
routine load tests on reinforced concrete single vertical piles of
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8.3 The Contractor shall carryout all works meant within this specification,
even if not explicitly mentioned under the scope. All the works shall be
carried out to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
8.4 All pile testing shall conform to IS: 2911(Part IV) and modified to the
extent given below.
8.5 It is essential that all the equipment and instruments are properly
calibrated both at the commencement and immediately after the
completion of tests, so that they represent true values. If the Engineer
so desires, the Contractor shall arrange for having the instruments
calibrated in presence of the Engineer, at an approved laboratory at his
own cost and the test report / calibration certificate shall be submitted
to the Engineer.
8.6 The complete jacking system including the hydraulic jack, hydraulic
pump and pressure gauge shall be calibrated as unit. The complete
unit shall be calibrated over its complete range of travel for increasing
and decreasing loads same as that of test loads. The calibration
certificate shall be submitted to the Engineer.
8.7 The reaction load to be made available for the test shall be a tleast
25% greater than the maximum jacking force. The reaction system as
relevant shall be designed for the total reaction load. All reaction loads
shall be stable and balanced during all operations of testing. During
testing, stability of reaction system shall be ensured.
8.8 The load applied on the pile shall be measured by a calibrated pressure
gauge mounted on the jack with a least count of not more than 10% of
the safe load.
8.9 The displacement of pile (in vertical, horizontal and uplift) shall be
measured using dial gauges having a least count of 0.01mm.
b) In case of initial vertical load test, where the water table level is
higher than the COL, Contractor may use anchor piles / rock
anchors for testing purposes. Engineer at his discretion, may
decide to raise the COL above water table.
8.10 Full details of the equipment proposed to be used, the test setup and
pile testing scheme along with detailed design, drawings shall be
submitted to the Engineer, before making arrangements to carry out the
tests, for his approval. Approval of the Engineer shall also be obtained
after the test set up is complete prior to commencement of loading.
8.11 All operations in connection with pile load test shall be carried out in a
safe manner so as to prevent the exposure of people to hazard and
also to ensure the safety of men and material.
8.13 If any initial pile load test gets abandoned and / or is not successfully
completed then the Contractor shall install another test pile and repeat
the initial test after correcting the fault, at his own cost. Extra cement
and steel consumed on account of repeat of initial load test shall be
considered as wastage for reconciliation of reinforcement steel and
cement.
8.14.2 Pile installation data as applicable shall be furnished along with the
load test results in triplicate, to the Engineer.
8.15.1 The Contractor shall carry out two categories of load tests i.e. initial
load test and routine load test.
8.15. 2 Initial load test shall be conducted to assess the safe load carrying
capacity of pile before start of installation of working Piles. This shall
include the following type of tests.
8.15.3 Routine load tests shall be conducted to verify the load capacity of
working pile. This shall include the following types of tests:
a) Direct vertical ( compression ) load test for vertical load capacity
b) Lateral load test for horizontal load capacity.
8.15.4 The minimum number of routine load test on working piles shall be as
directed by Engineer.
8.16.1 The test piles for routine load test shall be identified by the Engineer.
For initial load test, test piles shall be installed as directed by the
Engineer.
8.16.2 A minimum time period of four weeks shall be allowed between the
time of pile casting and testing. Test pile head shall be prepared for
testing purposes only, one week after casting the pile.
8.16.3 Test piles shall be cut off at the proper level and provided with a proper
cap / head, so as to provide a plane bearing surface for the test plate
and for proper arrangements for seating of the jack and dial gauges.
The test load on pile shall be applied in one of the following ways as
approved by the Engineer.
a) By means of hydraulic jack(s), which obtain reaction from
kentledge heavier than the required test load. While using this
method care shall be taken to ensure that the centre of gravity of
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Specifications RVNL
10.1 Rates
10.1.1 The contract unit rate for cast-in-situ driven and bored piles shall
include the cost of concrete and all other items. The contract unit rate
shall also include costs of all labour, materials, equipment and all other
incidentals involved.
The contract unit rate for coated/uncoated reinforcement shall cover the
cost of material, fabricating, transporting, storing, bending, placing,
binding and fixing in position as shown on the drawings as per these
specifications and as directed by the Engineer, including all labour
equipment, supplies, incidentals, sampling, testing and supervision.
The contract unit rate for installation of piles shall include full
compensation for furnishing all labour, materials, tools and equipment
and incidentals for doing all the works involved in driving or making
bores for cast-in-situ driven and bored concrete piles, cutting off pile
heads, all complete in place to the specified penetration of piles. The
rates quoted shall include boring for piles through all types of strata
including stiff clay, shales, soft rock, disintegrated rock, hard rock etc.,
including disposal of spoils obtained from the bore. Providing temporary
liner/casing and its withdrawal and placing reinforcement in position
shall also be deemed to be included in the rate for installation of piles
and no additional payment shall be made for the same.
The contract unit rate for permanent steel liners shall include cost of all
labour, materials, fabrication, placing the steel liner to the required
depth and cutting of liners at cut off level as shown on the drawings and
as ordered by the Engineer.
The contract unit rate for concrete in pile cap shall cover all costs of
labour, materials, tools, plant and equipment, form work and staging
including placing in position, sampling and testing and supervision
complete in all respect.
10.1.2 Unit rates for Initial pile load test shall also include for:
a) Preparing the scheme including associated design for pile
testing and getting the same approved from the Engineer,
including the submission of test report.
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Specifications RVNL
10.1.3 Unit rates for routine pile load test shall also include for:
a) Preparing the scheme for pile testing and getting the same
approved, from the Engineer, including submission of test
report.
b) Keeping the test pit dry including de-watering, if required.
c) All additional excavation and back filling, over and above the pile
cap size, required for routine load test.
d) All kentledge, suitable loading frame, anchor piles, rock anchors,
or combination of any of these including cement, reinforcement,
whatsoever required.
10.1.4 Unit rate for concreting in pile shall also include for extra length of the
pile above Cut-Off-Level.
10.2 Measurements
This clause shall be read in conjunction with the clause for the
measurements given in Bill of Quantities.
10.2.6 The item of breaking off of piles, due to subsequent change in design
cut-off-level shall be measured in cubic metres.
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Specifications RVNL
10.2.7 The item of initial vertical, lateral and pull out load tests shall be
measured in numbers of initial load tests. However, any tests
abandoned and / or not successfully completed shall not be measured.
10.2.8 The item of routine vertical and lateral load tests shall be measured in
numbers of routine load tests. However, any tests abandoned and / or
not successfully completed shall not be measured.
Annexure - I
PILE DATA
1. Reference No. Location (Co-ordinates) ______ area.
2. Sequence of piling
3. Pile diameter & type
4. Working level (Platform level)
5. Cut off level (COL)
6. Actual length below COL
7. Pile termination level (a) Start of socket ( Level)
(b) Termination of pile (Level):
8. Top of finished concrete level
9. Date and time of start and completion of boring.
10. Depth of ground water table in the vicinity.
11. Type of soil/ rock at pile tip
12. Method of boring operation
13. Details of drilling mud as used:
i) Freshly supplied mud
Liquid limit
Sand content
Density
Marsh viscosity
Swelling index
PH value
ii) Contaminated mud.
density
Sand content
14.1 Standard Penetration Test (SPT)
Penetration for 100 blows at
Socketing Level for reference pile:
14.2 Unconfined Compression Strength (UCS)
Value in rock (from the nearest bore hole):
Core recovery (from the nearest bore hole):
14.3 Rate of drilling in mm / hr.:
a) At start of socketing horizon
b) At termination level
16. Date and time of start and completion of concreting.
17. Method of placing concrete
18. Concrete quantity
Actual :
Theoretical :
19. Ref. number of test cubes
20. Grade and slump of concrete
21. Results of test cubes
Annexure - II
PROJECT _________________
Pile No.:
Date of cast:
Method of boring:
Type of pile:
Diameter:
Capacity:
Type of test:
Loading method: Direct / Cyclic details :
Commencement of test:
Completion of test :
Brief description of testing arrangement:
Tension or Compression piles:
Capacity of jack:
Jack constant:
Weight of kentledge
Reaction pile deload (if any)
i. Time Vs Settlement.
Separation of skin friction & end bearing of pile, in case of cyclic initial vertical load
tests.
The contractor shall make available at site one copy of each of the
codes. In the case of dispute in the interpretation or contradiction in
different Clauses of various codes, the decision of the Engineer shall
be final and binding.
4.1 Description
4.2 General
The process of taking down the well to the founding level is known as
well sinking. After reaching the founding level, the hollow inside the
well, (“dredge hole”) is plugged at the bottom by concrete (“bottom
plug”). The dredge hole is then filled with approved filling material up to
the level indicated on the drawing and provided with a concrete plug
(“top plug”).
In case the borehole data shows the presence of steeply dipping rock,
chiselling may have to be resorted to so as to obtain proper seating of
the foundation. The necessity of adopting pneumatic sinking shall be
decided by the Engineer.
Before the work is started the whole of the work site shall be cleared by
the contractor at his own cost.
Contractor shall set out the work according to the plan and as directed
by the Engineer or his representative. Reference pegs are to be made
permanent and kept clear of all obstruction. It is the responsibility of the
contractor without any extra payment to fix the centreline and position
of the piers during the course of the work. A base line will be fixed by
the Railway and Contractor should make use of this base line for fixing
the centreline of the piers. If required, the contractor shall lay
subsidiary base lines as required during execution of the work.
Contractor shall obtain the approval in writing from the Engineer for the
correctness of the setting out and the reference marks, before
commencing the actual execution of the works. However, such
approval shall not relieve the contractor of his responsibility in correct
setting out of the work.
Necessary reference points shall be fixed, away from the zone of blow-
ups or possible settlement resulting from well sinking operations. Such
reference points shall be connected to the permanent theodolite
stations with the base line on the banks. The centre of the individual
wells shall be marked with reference to these stations. The distance,
wherever practicable, shall be checked with the help of accurate tapes
and precision survey instruments.
Reference points shall also be fixed to mark X-X axis (usually traffic
direction) and Y-Y axis (normal to X-X axis) accurately.
Sand Island shall be protected against scour and the top level shall be
sufficiently above the prevailing water level to be decided by the
Engineer so that it is safe against wave action.
Floating caissons may be of steel. They should have at least 1.5m free
board above water level and increased, if considered necessary, in
case there is a possibility of caissons sinking suddenly owing to
reasons such as scour likely to result from the lowering of caissons,
effect of waves, sinking in very soft strata etc.
4.4 Equipment
The cutting edge shall generally be laid about 300mm or more above
prevalent water level.
All excavated earth / sand and spoils after dredging shall be deposited
properly at a place or places including the bridge approaches up to 60
m distance, clear of the water way as directed by the Engineer. No
extra payment for the lead, lift, ascent or descent for this work will be
made to the contractor.
The cutting edge and well curbs shall be assembled on timber laid on
the levelled sand bed. Before commencing the erection, the contractor
shall carry out such load tests of the ground as may be necessary to
determine the satisfactory spacing of the timbers and the stability of
island during erection and concreting of well curb.
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Concrete in curbs shall not be placed until the erection of steel work
and reinforcements has been completed and approved by the Engineer
or his representative. Concrete shall be placed in a continuous
operation in layers not exceeding 300 mm in depth extending around
the whole length of the curb each layer being systematically compacted
applying mechanical vibration in order to reduce voids and increase the
density. The entire concreting in the well curb shall be completed in a
continuous manner.
The well curb may be precast or cast-in-situ. Steel formwork for well
curb shall be fabricated strictly in conformity with the drawing. The
outer face of the curb shall be vertical. Steel reinforcements shall be
assembled as shown on the drawings. The bottom ends of vertical
bond rods of steining shall be fixed securely to the cutting edge with
check nuts or by weld.
Steining built in the first lift above the well curb shall not be more than 2
metres and in subsequent lifts it shall not exceed the diameter of the
well or the depth of well sunk below the adjoining bed level at any time.
For stability, the first lift of steining shall be cast only after sinking the
curb at least partially for stability. Concreting of steining may be carried
out in subsequent lifts of about 2 to 2.5 metres. Attempts should be
made to minimize the number of construction joints. The concreting
layers shall be limited to about 450 mm restricting the free fall of
concrete to not more than 1.5m. Laitance formed at the top surface of a
lift shall be removed to expose coarse aggregates before setting of
concrete at the proposed construction joint. As far as possible,
construction joints shall not be kept at the location of laps in the vertical
steining bars.
The steining of the well shall be built in one straight line from bottom to
top such that if the well is tilted, the next lift of steining will be aligned in
the direction of the tilt. The work will be checked carefully with the aid
of straight edges of lengths approved by the engineer. Plumb bob or
spirit level shall not be used for alignment. After sinking of a stage is
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After reaching the founding level, the well steining shall be inspected to
check for any damage or cracks. The Engineer will direct and the
contractor shall execute the remedial measures before acceptance of
the well steining. In case the well cannot be accepted even with any
remedial measures, then the well shall stand rejected. The cost of any
redesigning and strengthening of any structural component (s) on
account of such rejection of a well shall be borne by the contractor.
8.1 General
The well shall as far as possible be sunk true and vertical through all
types of strata.
The well shall be sunk by excavating material uniformly from inside the
dredge hole. Use of water jetting explosive and divers may be adopted
for sinking of wells through difficult strata with prior approval of the
engineer. Since the wells are located close to existing bridge on wells,
sinking by Jacking Down Method shall be preferred.
of the material from inside the dredge hole and also does not in any
way damage the steining of the well.
Where tilts are present or there is danger of well developing a tilt, the
position of the load shall be regulated in such a manner as to provide
greater sinking effort on the higher side of the well.
Mild explosive charges may be used as an aid for sinking of the well
only with prior permission of the Engineer. Blasting of any sort shall
only be done in the presence of the Engineer and not before the
concrete in the steining has hardened sufficiently and is more than 7
days old. When likelihood of blasting is predicted in advance,
protection of the bottom portion of the well shall be done as per these
specifications. After blasting operations are completed, the well curb
and steining should be examined for any cracks and remedial
measures taken.
If blasting has been used after the well has reached the design
foundation level, normally 24 hrs shall be allowed to lapse before the
bottom plug is laid.
The charges shall be exploded well below the cutting edge by making a
sump so as to avoid chances of any damage to the curb or to the
steining of the well. A minimum sump of 1 meter depth should be made
before resorting to blasting. Use of large charges, 0.7 kgs or above,
may not be allowed except under expert direction and with the
permission from the Engineer. Suitable pattern of charges may be
arranged with delay detonators to reduce the number of charges fired
at a time. The burden of the charge may be limited to 1 metre and the
spacing of holes may normally be kept as 0.5 to 0.6 metre.
All safety precautions shall be taken as per IS:4081 “Safety Code for
blasting and related drilling operations”, to the extent applicable,
whenever blasting is resorted to.
There should be no equipment inside the well nor shall there be any
labour in the close vicinity of the well at the time of exploding the
charges.
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Use of divers may be made both for sinking purpose like removal of
obstructions, rock blasting and for inspection. All safety precautions
shall be taken as per any acceptable safety code for sinking with divers
or any statutory regulations in force.
Only person trained for the diving operations shall be employed and
shall be certified to be fit for diving by an approved doctor.
They shall work under expert supervision. The diving and other
equipment shall be of acceptable standard and certified to this effect by
an approved independent agency. It shall be well maintained for safe
use.
Arrangement for ample supply of low pressure clean cool air shall be
ensured through an armoured flexible hose pipe. Stand by compressor
plant shall be provided in case of breakdown.
8.6.1 General
i) The well has to be sunk through soft rock and stray hard rock
and
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Shafts shall be provided, with a safe, proper and suitable staircase for
its entire length including landing platforms which are not more than
6metres apart. Where this is impracticable due to space constraint,
suitable ladders along with landing platforms shall be installed. These
shall be kept clear and in good condition at all times and shall be
constructed, inspected and maintained to the entire satisfaction of the
Engineer.
A 1.0 m wide platform with 1.0m high railing shall be provided all-round
the caisson air locks.
Where 15 or more men are employed, caisson shall have 2 locks, one
of which shall be used as a man lock.
Lock shall be located so that the lowest part of the bottom door shall
not be less than 1 metre above high water level.
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The supply of fresh air to the working chamber shall at all times be
sufficient to permit work to be done without any danger or excessive
discomfort. All air supply lines shall be supplied with check valves and
carried as near to the face as practicable.
8.6.3 Valves
Every employee absent from work for 10 or more consecutive days due
to illness or any other disability shall be required to pass the regular
physical examination by the doctor before being permitted to return to
work.
The doctor, at all times, shall keep a complete and full record of
examinations made by him, which shall contain dates of examinations,
a clear and full description of the person examined. His age and
physical condition at the time of examination and a statement as to the
period such a person has been engaged in such employment. Records
shall be kept at the place where the work is in progress and shall be
subject to inspection by authorized officers.
If the air pressure exceeds 0.2 Mpa gauge or if 50 or more men are
employed, it is obligatory for the person in charge of medical lock to be
a doctor experienced in this type of work.
All cases of compressed air illness shall be reported and copies of all
such reports shall be kept in a file at the place of work.
8.6.5 Lighting
every caisson, provided fire pails or suitable pumps are kept available.
Approved fire extinguishers shall also be provided.
8.6.7 Sanitation
Care shall be taken to keep all parts of the caisson and other working
compartments including locker rooms, dry rooms, rest rooms, and
other equipment in a good sanitary condition and free from refuse,
decaying or other objectionable matter. No nuisance shall be tolerated
in the air chamber. Smoking shall be strictly prohibited and all matches
and smoking materials shall be left out of the locker rooms.
(b) The pneumatic sinking plant and other machinery shall not be
only proper design and make, but also shall be worked by
competent and well-trained personnel. Every part of the
machinery and its fixtures shall be minutely examined before
installation and use. Availability of appropriate spares, standbys,
safety of personnel as recommended in IS:4138 for working in
compressed air and other labour laws and practices prevalent in
the country, as specified to provide safe, efficient and
expeditious sinking shall be allowed.
(c) Inflammable materials shall not be taken into air locks and
smoking shall be prohibited. Wherever gases are suspected to
be issuing out of dredge hole, the same shall be analysed by
trained personnel and necessary precautions adopted to avoid
hazard to life and equipment.
(a) When the wells have to be sunk close to each other and clear
distance between them is not greater than the diameter of wells,
sinking shall be taken up on all wells and they shall be sunk
alternately so that sinking of wells proceeds uniformly.
Simultaneously and even dredging shall be carried out in the
wells in such a manner that the difference in the levels of the
sump and cutting edge in the adjacent wells does not exceed
half the clear gap between them. Plugging of all the wells shall
be done together.
(f) Very deep sump shall not be made below the well curb, as it
entails risk of jumping (sudden sinking) of the well. The depth of
sump shall be generally limited to one-sixth of the outer
diameter/least lateral dimension of the well in plan. Normally, the
depth of sump shall not exceed 3.0 metres below the level of the
cutting edge unless otherwise specifically permitted by the
Engineer.
(g) In case a well sinks suddenly with a jerk, the steining of the well
shall be examined to the satisfaction of the Engineer to see that
no damage has occurred to it.
(h) In pneumatic sinking, the well shall not, at any time, be dropped
to a depth greater than 500 mm by the method of “blowing
down”.
The inclination of the well from the vertical is known as tilt and the
horizontal displacement of the centre of the well at the founding level
from its theoretical positions is known as shift.
Unless otherwise specified, the tilt of any well shall not exceed 1
(horizontal) in 100 (Vertical), and the shift at the well base shall not be
more than D/40 (where D=width or diameter of well) or 150mm
whichever is higher in any resultant direction.
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Tilts and shifts shall be carefully checked and recorded in the format as
per Appendix-1200/I-1 & Appendix-1200/II of MOST specifications for
Road & Bridge works regularly during sinking operations. For the
purpose of measuring the tilts along the two axis of the bridge, reduced
level of the marks painted on the surface of the steining of the well
shall be taken. For determination of shift, locations of the ends of the
two diameters shall be precisely measured along the two axis, with
reference to fixed reference points.
If the resultant tilt and/or shift of any well exceeds the specified
permissible values, generally it should not exceed 1 in 100 and
D/40(where D-width or diameter of well) or 150mm whichever is higher
respectively. The well so sunk shall be regarded as not conforming to
specifications and a sub-standard work. The Engineer in his sole
discretion, may consider accepting such a well provided.
In case the Engineer, in his discretion, rejects the well, the contractor
shall dismantle the rejected well to the extent directed by the Engineer
and remove the debris. Further, the contractor shall, at his own risk and
expense complete the bridge with modified span arrangement
acceptable to the Engineer.
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In case of seating of wells in hard rocky strata, where the rock profile is
steeply sloping, pneumatic methods of sinking may be adopted to seat
the well evenly as directed by the Engineer. The decision of adopting
pneumatic sinking shall be taken by the Engineer. The cutting edge
may also be embedded for a suitable depth in the rocky strata, as
decided by the Engineer keeping in view the quality of rock. As an
additional measure of safety, the well shall be anchored to the rocky
strata by anchor bars provided in the steining of the well, as shown on
the drawing irrespective of the fact that tension develops or not at the
base of the well under design loads. After the well has been evenly
seated on good hard rock, arrangements shall be made to facilitate
proper inspection in dry and visible conditions before the bottom plug is
laid.
For bottom plug, the concrete mix shall be designed (in dry condition)
to attain the concrete strength as mentioned on the drawing and shall
contain 10 percent more cement than that required for the same mix
placed dry, to cater for underwater concreting. However, the total
cement content shall not be less than 380 kg/cu.m of concrete with a
slump in the range of 150 mm to 200 mm. Admixture may be added to
the concrete to impart the required characteristics indicated herein.
Concrete for the bottom plug shall be laid by tremie pipe method.
Tremie concrete when started shall be continued without interruption
for full concreting in the bottom plug. The concrete production
equipment and placement equipment should be sufficient to enable
under water concreting within stipulated time. Necessary standby
equipment should be available for emergency situation.
Before commencing plugging, all loose material from the bottom of the
well shall be removed.
taken up to ensure that the concrete has been laid to the required
height.
Least disturbance shall be caused to the water inside the well while
laying concrete in the bottom plug.
In order to check any rise in the level of the bottom plug soundings
should be taken at the close of concreting and once every day for the
subsequent 3 days.
Sand shall be clean and free from earth, clay, clods, roots, boulders,
shingles, etc. and shall be compacted as directed. Sand filling shall be
carried out up to the level shown on the drawing, or as directed by the
Engineer.
A reinforced cement concrete well cap will be provided over the top of
the steining in accordance with the drawing. Formwork will be prepared
conforming to the shape of well cap. Concreting shall be carried out in
dry condition. A properly designed false steining may be provided
where possible to ensure that the well cap is laid in dry conditions.
The bottom of the well cap shall be laid preferably as low as possible,
taking into account the water level prevalent at the time of casting. The
well cap shall be monolithic with the pier/shaft/abutment and with well
steining.
14.0 TOLERANCES
The permissible tilt and shift shall not exceed 1 (horizontal) in 100
(vertical) and the shift at the well base shall not be more than 150 mm
in any resultant direction.
For the well steining and well cap the permissible tolerance shall be as
follows:-
a +50mm,
Variation in dimension
. -10mm
b
Misplacement from specified position in plan 15mm
.
Surface irregularities measured in plan with 3m
c. 5 mm
straight edge
d 25
Variation of levels at the top
. mm
The work shall conform to these specifications and shall meet the
prescribed standards of acceptance.
(b) The concrete in curb, well steining and well cap shall be
measured in cubic metres in each of the items. The
reinforcement shall be measured in tonnes separately in each of
the items.
(d) The quantity of concrete in bottom & top plug shall be measured
in cubic meter. To ensure that the level of the top of bottom plug
is as shown in approved plan, proper sounding shall be taken at
required number of locations & the volume of the concrete to go
into the bottom plug shall be calculated & compared with the
actual quantity laid.
17.0 RATE
(a) The contract unit rates of cutting edge shall cover all costs of
labour, material, tools, plant and equipment, including placing in
position, sampling and testing and supervision all as per
respective Section of work and as described in this section.
(b) The contract unit rates for concrete in curb, steining, bottom
plug, top plug and well cap, shall cover all cost of labour,
materials, tools, plant and equipment, formwork and staging
including placing in position, sampling and testing and
supervision, as per respective section of structural concrete and
as described in this section.
(c) The contract unit rates for reinforcement in curb, steining and
well cap shall cover all cost of labour, materials, tools, plant and
equipment, including bending to shape, placing in position,
sampling, testing and supervision all as per respective sections
of steel reinforcement and as described in this section. Dredged
material if conforming to specification can be used for filling.
(d) The contract unit rates for sand filling shall cover the costs of
labour, material tools and equipment including placing in
position, sampling, testing and supervision all as described in
this section. Dredged material, if conforming to specification can
be used for filling.
(e) The contract unit rates for sinking shall cover the cost of labour
tools and equipment and plant and for all operations and other
incidentals for sinking of well including setting out and
preparation for sinking and seating excepting provisions of
pneumatic sinking as described in this section.
% reduction on
S. the rates for
Amount of tilt and/or shift
No. sinking of whole
well
1 Tilt exceeding the specified permissible
5 Per cent
value but equal to or within 1 in 60.
2 Tilt exceeding 1 in 60 but equal to or
10 Per cent
within 1 in 50.
3 Tilt exceeding 1 in 50 20 Per cent
4 Shift exceeding the specified
permissible value but equal to or within 2 Per cent
200 mm.
5 Tilt exceeding 200mm but equal to or
5 Per cent
within 300mm
6 Shift exceeding 300mm 10 Per cent
7 Penalties for excessive tilt and shift shall be deducted
separately.
****
1.0 GENERAL
2.0 FABRICATION
2.1 General
The fabrication of the girders and its accessories shall be carried out by
the Contractor in his factory premises or in a well-established fabrication
workshop to be set up by the Contractor at bridge site or any other
location as approved by the Engineer. The workshop staff shall have
requisite experience, proven skill and experience in the technique of
fabricating large components. Accuracy of fabrication shall be realized
through controlled high precision jigs, fixtures and templates, which shall
be inspected and passed by Engineer / any other inspection agency as
nominated by Engineer. The fabrication shall be preceded by Quality
Plans to be submitted by the Contractor and every activity shall be
documented in detail. The Quality Plans shall clearly indicate how
individual processes such as cutting of raw steel, marking, drilling,
assembly, riveting/welding, painting, handling etc. shall be monitored for
quality. The quality parameters for monitoring shall be identified along
with monitoring frequency and quality records to be maintained. The
officials responsible for monitoring these identified quality parameters
shall also be specified in these quality plans. The Contractor shall get
these quality plans approved from Engineer before start of fabrication
work. The Engineer shall be empowered to check the manufacturing
process from time to time to ensure that the work is executed as per
approved quality plans. The quality records shall be submitted to
Engineer for record, after completion of fabrication work.
For Engineer’s use and record, the Contractor shall supply free of
charge, four sets of prints on strong paper and one set of neatly
executed tracings of all approved detailed drawings and fabrication
drawings, soon after communication of approval, for use at site.
The through type triangulated steel girders are designed for Heavy
Mineral Broad Gauge Loading as per Indian Railway Bridge Rules and
Standard Specifications. All panel joints are designed for vertical and
transverse forces including secondary moments.
The structure shall be fabricated to camber as per steel bridge code and
as provided in the approved drawings. The deflection of the girder is
expected not to exceed the values as given in the approved drawings.
All members of the girder and joints are to be either riveted or welded as
shown in the approved structural drawings. No welding except where
approved by the Engineer is to be carried out at site. All welding and
riveting are to be carried out as per relevant IRS Specifications.
4.0 MATERIALS
4.1 Steel
The steel shall comply in all respects with the requirements of approved
drawings and relevant codes and specifications and shall be procured
from primary approved manufacturers only such as SAIL/ TISCO /
JINDAL / RINL / IISCO. However, only certain isolated sections of
structural steel, not being rolled by primary approved manufacturers, can
be procured from the authorized re-rollers of primary approved
manufacturers or authorized licensee of BIS having traceability system
and who use billets produced by primary approved manufacturers.
Traceability shall be ensured by an officer specially authorized by the
concerned CPM of the PIU on case to case basis for this purpose. (a/c
no. 14) It may be noted that quality of steel used for fabrication shall be
the essence of the contract & shall be rigidly followed. Steel sections to
be supplied by the manufacturers shall be ultrasonically tested as per
codal provisions at the manufacturer’s premises before dispatch. The
Contractor on receipt of supply in his factory premises/fabrication
workshop shall carryout random USFD testing as per standards laid
down in various codes and verify them with the list received from
manufacturers. Only tested steel shall be used for fabrication. All rolled
sections shall bear cast mark and shall be of such length as to avoid butt
welded joints in components of truss. Such rolled sections shall be within
rolling tolerances stipulated as per IS:1852 and shall be defects free.
during the execution of the work depending upon the design requirement
and market availability. No claim shall be entertained from the Contractor
on this account and payment shall be as per relevant items in the
schedule of items, quantities and rates.
Steel for rivets shall conform to IS:1148 for M.S and IS:1149 for H.T.S.
4.2 Sleepers
All materials for the work shall pass tests and/or analysis prescribed by
the relevant IS specifications or such other equivalent specifications.
For all materials including rivets and bolts, the Contractor shall furnish
copies of test certificates from the manufacturers including proof sheets,
mill sheets etc. showing that the materials have been tested in
accordance with the requirements of various specifications and codal
provisions.
All straight bars and plates except small pieces are to be transported in
convenient bundles temporarily riveted or bolted together or bound with
wrought iron or suitable wire as the Engineer may direct. All rivets, bolts,
nuts, washers, plates under 300mm square and small articles generally
are to be packed separately for each span in cases each weighing when
full not more than 350 kg or in strong petroleum casks, or barrels as
approved by Engineer. If not entirely filled by the contents the space left
shall be closely packed with wood shaving or other suitable material.
Bolts and rivets of different sizes shall be separately packed in bags,
each bag having a label indicating its contents. A list of contents shall be
placed on top of each case or cask.
All rolled steel received from supplier shall be carefully unloaded to avoid
twisting, bending and damage to mill scale, stacking area shall be
covered and the materials placed on a raised platform above ground
level and every care taken to avoid contact with water in order to prevent
rusting and pitting.
Where the work has been passed in the manufacturer’s factory premises
as strictly interchangeable, all members bearing the same marks can be
stacked together without reference to any particular position. Care must
be taken by the Contractor that the parts at site are available in proper
sequence. Every portion of work shall be distinctly stencilled with paint
and marked with the punch not less than 15mm dia for guidance in
erection in the field, and stamped with the letters specified in the
drawings. In the case of non-interchangeable work, the system of
marking shall be as shown in drawing.
All field rivets for site riveting, service bolts and drift for assembly of
girder, shall be stored under cover.
The Contractor shall supply without charge, three complete lists of the
rivets, bolts, service bolts, washers and drifts required for erecting the
work at site, showing the parts of the work to which the various rivets and
bolts belong and having each item marked so as to indicate the particular
case in which it will be found. List of total rivets required for one girder
stating length, numbers, and wastage allowance of 12.5% shall be
prepared and supplied along with the span components, the
requirements for service bolts = 45% and drifts = 15% covering 60% of
field holes in one span plus wastage allowance of 12.5%. Actual
requirement for the work shall be assessed by the Contractor who shall
arrange accordingly.
Contractor shall use steel tape conforming to IS: 1270 duly tested and
issued with certificate of accuracy by an accredited National Testing
House for templating, fabrication of drilling jig etc. The tape shall be
calibrated under a tension of 1.8 kg at 16.7 degree C.
All marking and checking of master gussets, camber layout, etc. shall
preferably be at the mean temperature of the fabrication zone.
4.6 Straightening
All rolled sections and plates shall be straight and free from defects like
twists and bends before they are used for marking and cutting.
If any rolled section of plate has minor defects, it shall with the approval
of the Engineer, be cold straightened by pressure with the help of plate
and section straightening machine. Pressure applied for straightening
shall be such as not to damage the surface or microstructure of grains in
the steel member.
While chalk marking for flame cutting, following cutting allowance shall
be added to the prescribed dimensions:
Up to 12 mm : +3mm
Above 12 and up to 25 mm : +5mm
Above 25mm : +7mm
Minimum edge distance while preparing profile for gussets, cleats and
edges of components from centre of rivet hole to a flame cut edge shall
be 1.75 times the diameter of hole, and for machined edge or rolled edge
shall be 1.5 times the diameter of rivet holes, (machined edge means
first edge distance kept 1.75 times diameter of hole for flame cutting and
reduced to 1.5 times diameter of hole by removal of material by
machining).
Considering the length and height of span, jigs and fixtures shall be used
to guide and support drilling of holes and fixtures during entire fabrication
work, assembly of components, before riveting / welding of components.
Drilling jigs shall be fabricated with the help of Master gussets fabricated
as templates for all panel joints of truss. Jigs after manufacture shall be
checked and approved by Engineer / any other Inspecting agency as
nominated by the Engineer. Only approved and stamped jigs shall be
used for fabrication. First component after drilling of holes through
approved jig for each specific component of truss, shall be checked with
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5.2 Template
The Contractor shall supply and provide templates at his own cost. No
separate payment shall be made for this and accepted rates shall be
deemed to include this aspect. The templates used for the work shall be
of steel of similar category as the member and shall be of tested quality.
In case where actual materials from a bridge have been used as
templates for drilling similar pieces the inspecting officer will decide
whether they are fit to be used as part of finished structure.
Camber layout shall be drawn to full scale from end of girder to half
span. This camber layout once approved shall be used for fabrication of
master gusset profiles and end profile of each member. It shall be used
for working out the actual lengths of each member and checked to
conform to the calculated length.
Master gussets at every panel joint of top chord, bottom chord and
middle web panel shall be marked accurately on camber layout drawn on
template floor.
All precautions shall be taken while drawing camber layout for correct
setting of angle of intersection of chord and web member and great
accuracy shall be ensured while transferring the same on master gusset.
While marking centre point of field rivet holes on master gusset, if there
is symmetry of holes on vertical axis, marking shall be made only on half
the master gusset across vertical axis, and holes drilled by inscribing
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Holes for riveting in members shall be carried out by drilling through jig
only. No punching or hand drilling of holes is permitted. Sub-punching to
a diameter 6mm less than that of finished holes may be permitted by
Inspecting Officer except in the main truss members of open web
girders.
When the holes are to be sub-punched they shall be marked off with a
centre punch and made with a nipple punch or preferably, shall be
punched in a machine in which the position of the hole is automatically
regulated. The punching shall be so accurate that when the work has
been put together before drilling, a gauge 1.5 mm less in diameter than
the size of the punched holes can be passed easily through all the holes.
Drilling jig should be provided with an internal turned and case hardened
bush at all holes in jig, for retaining accuracy of all similar units
fabricated. Bushes will have a tolerance of –0.0/+0.1 mm for shop
riveting. The tolerance shall be periodically checked & replaced when the
tolerance exceeds –0.00/+0.4 mm (for hardening). Before fixing to jig,
bushes shall be checked with a plug gauge to ensure these tolerances.
Drilling of all holes through jig by radial drilling machine for fabrication of
top and bottom chords of all members will be allowed. Web members
and floor system having welded construction, field holes for riveting shall
be drilled through jig.
Holes for rivets shall be 1.5 mm greater than the diameter of rivet bars
used. Holes for turned bolts, for field connection, where specified on
drawing shall be drilled in the shop 1 mm less than diameter of holes
shown on the drawing and should be reamed at site to suit diameter of
turned bolt.
after satisfying himself about the extent of inaccuracy and the effect of
reaming on the soundness of the structure. The Engineer reserves the
right to reject all steel work if the holes are not properly matched.
The work shall include supply of all rivets, bolts, nuts, washers etc.
required for complete erection at site with allowance for wastage. The
Contractor shall be responsible for supplying site rivets of correct length.
The length of such rivets shall be verified in the presence of Engineer’s
representative by snapping a few rivets of each length to check whether
the holes have been completely filled in by rivet material. Particularly in
case of rivets with long grips (with grip exceeding 6 times the diameter),
specimen rivets shall be cut to see if the holes are totally filled even
though the rivets are tight under the usual hammer tests.
All rivets to be used shall be checked with profile gauge for its true
shape, contours of head, concentricity of head, diameter as well as
correct length to match the thickness of joint. Calibrated gauges for rivet
dimensions and contours shall be provided by the Contractor for use of
the Inspecting Officer and the Engineer.
Service bolts and nuts, ordinary plates, washers and drifts for use in the
erection of the work shall also be supplied by the Contractor at his own
cost. On completion of the work these materials may be taken back by
the Contractor.
The dimension on the drawings refer to the diameters of the rivet holes
as finished rivets. The rivets shall be made to relevant IS specification.
The clearance i.e. the difference in diameter of rivet measured under
head (before heating) and rivet hole shall not be less than 0.75 mm. The
shanks shall be made of length sufficient to fill the holes thoroughly and
to form the head.
All rivets shall be properly heated to straw heat for the full length of the
shank, firmly backed and closed. The head of the rivet, particularly in
long rivets, shall be heated more than the point and in no case shall the
point be heated more than the head. Before placing the rivet in drilled
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holes the rivets shall be smartly jerked to shake off oxide scale. Where it
is impossible to back up by normal method of holding up, double gunning
may be resorted to. Alternatively pneumatic holding device may be used.
All rivets when driven shall completely fill the holes, have the heads
concentric with the shanks and shall be in full contact with the surface.
Driven rivets when struck sharply on the dolly side head with a 110 gm
rivet-testing hammer shall be free from movement and vibration. While
riveting built up members, great care shall be exercised to ensure that
the set of holes for field rivets in each flange of the built up member is
aligned, dead square in relation to that in the other flange and not
aborted. Use of special jigs shall be made to ensure this fit.
All sparking, loose and burnt rivets, and rivets with cracks, badly formed
eccentric or deficient heads shall be cut out and replaced by others.
Permissible deviation of driven rivets shall be as per IRS B1-2001. Rivets
shall also be cut out when required for the examination of the work. The
Engineer shall approve actual method of cutting out. Recupping and
caulking shall in no circumstances be resorted to.
Care must be taken to use rivets of correct dimensions but burrs or lips
around the rivet heads shall not be removed.
When all the rivets at a joint have been finally passed they shall be
painted as per specification.
All welding work shall be as per IRS Standard and by such process that
the workmanship is flawless. All welding shall be by automatic and semi-
automatic submerged arc welding process, except where inaccessible.
Site welding shall be avoided, but if necessary, shall be carried out only
on secondary members having low stresses to transmit across the joint
for which approval of the Engineer shall be required.
The sequence of welding and welding pass shall be done as per IRS B1
– 2001.
The stud and the surface to which studs are welded shall be free from
scale, moisture, rust and other foreign material. The stud base shall not
be painted, galvanised or cadmium plated prior to welding.
The welds shall be visually free from cracks and shall be capable of
developing at least the nominal ultimate strength of studs.
The procedural trial for welding the stud shall be carried out when
specified by the Engineer.
- Tensile test
- Bend test
- Impact test
- Load test.
Details of joint, fusion faces, root face and gap shall be as per details
given in fabrication drawing or as stipulated in IS:9595.
Run in and run out plate shall be provided for fabrication of built up
members or truss to ensure that weld will start on run in plate and weld
will stop on run out plate and thus avoid crater defects on the
components.
The size and length of weld shall not be less than those specified in the
drawing nor shall they be in excess of the requirement without prior
approval of the Inspecting Officer. The location of weld shall not be
changed without prior approval of the Engineer.
- If multiple runs are used for fabrication of built up member, inter run
cleaning shall be carried out and subsequent weld bed made only
after approval of inspecting officer or his authorized representative.
This is to check free defects in the weld. Also visible defects such as
cracks, cavities, if any, shall be removed by grinding. It shall be
ensured during welding that craters are avoided.
- Stray arcing of components, which cause local hard spots or
cracking of parent metal, shall be avoided.
- Flux of approved quality will be permitted for use.
- The Auto melt grade wire spools of wires for Submerged Arc
Welding and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) consumables of only the
approved quality will be permitted.
- Pre Heat Treatment will be given to the consumables to remove the
moisture if any
- No violation of welding procedure will be permitted on any account.
5.10A.4 Payment: The unit rate includes all components of bolting i.e. nuts, bolts
all types of washers etc. as directed by Engineer.
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6.0 PAINTING
The cleaning of the surface shall be done initially with the use of emery
paper, wire brushes, scrapers etc. for spot cleaning to remove rust, scale
etc. Subsequently, sand blasting of the surface shall be done to remove
rust, mill scale along with some of the base metal. This will be achieved
by high velocity impact of abrasive material against the surface in
accordance with the provisions of IS:6586, which will also create a base
for good adhesion. The abrasive material once used for cleaning heavily
contaminated surface should not be reused even though re-screened.
Washed salt free angular silica sand of mesh size 12 to 30 with a
minimum of 40% retained on a 20 mesh screen shall be used for
blasting. The material specifications and other requirements shall be as
provided in Indian Railways Bridge Manual, 1998.
All site rivets, bolts, nuts and washers shall be thoroughly cleaned and
dipped in boiled linseed oil. All machined surfaces are to be well coated
with a mixture of white lead conforming to IS:34 and Mutton tallow
conforming to IS:887 as per specifications before despatch to site.
Nothing extra shall be payable to Contractor on this account.
All the components in the floor and deck system including steel channel
sleepers in open web girders and all members in plate & composite
girders shall be metalized as per IRS specifications. Other components
of open web girders and all trolley refuges shall be painted with epoxy
based paints as per specifications.
The wire method shall be used for the purpose of metallizing, the
diameter of the wire being 3mm or 5mm. Specified thickness of coating
shall be applied in multiple layers and in no case less than 2 passes of
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Specifications RVNL
the metal spraying unit shall be made over every part of the surface. The
surface after spraying shall be free from uncoated parts of lumps of
loosely spattered metal.
At least one layer of the coating must be applied within four hours of
blasting and the surface must be completely coated to the specified
thickness within 8 hours of blasting.
After metallizing, any oil, grease etc. shall be removed by thorough wash
with a suitable thinner as approved by the Engineer and shall be allowed
to dry for 15 minutes. The first coat shall be applied by airless spray, of
wash primer conforming to SSPCPT-3 53T or Etch primer conforming to
IS:5666 until no visible traces exist.
The Engineer reserve the right to select the colour scheme for the third
and fourth coats.
6.3 Miscellaneous
6.4 Inspection
Articles that have been rejected, shall have the defective sections
blasted to clean off all sprayed material prior to re-spraying. Where the
rejection has been solely due to too thin a coating, sprayed metal of the
same quality may be added provided that the surface has been kept dry
and is free from visible contamination.
Paint and other accessories including those for metallizing work will be
supplied by the Contractor. Paints manufactured by the firms approved
by the Engineer shall be used.
The Engineer reserves the right to get the paint tested at Contractor’s
expenses as considered necessary by the Engineer. If the test results do
not conform to relevant IS specifications fully, then the lot of paint shall
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Specifications RVNL
be rejected and got removed from the Contractor(s) storage. If the paint
has already been applied it shall be removed.
- Consistency test
- Scratch test.
The Engineer reserves the right to reject the lot of paint even on the
basis of field results.
Painting shall not be commenced till the surface preparation has been
approved by the Engineer or his representative or inspecting officer.
Round and oval brushes of approved quality conforming to IS: 487 may
also be used as per the instructions of the Engineer or his representative
or inspecting officer.
All new brushes should be soaked in raw linseed oil conforming to IS: 77
for at least 24 hours before use.
A little blue paint shall be added, in the first coat of aluminium paint to
distinguish it from second coat. For paints of other colours for final and
finishing two coats, suitable pigment shall be used as per instruction of
the Engineer, to distinguish the first coat from the second coat.
The applied coat of paint shall be uniform, and free from brush marks,
sack marks, blemishes, scratching, non-uniform thickness, holes, log
marks, fuel staining, cracking, scaling, and other defects.
Paint shall be applied only on dry and clean surface free from moisture
or dust (including scrapping dust).
Paint should be used within the prescribed shelf life from the date of
manufacture.
Each coat of paint shall be left dry till it sufficiently hardens before the
subsequent coat is applied. Each coat of paint shall be inspected by the
Engineer or inspecting officer and certified as satisfactory before
applying subsequent coat.
6.8 Since the bridge is in the close vicinity of the sea, the protective coating
by metalizing by sprayed aluminium as given in the Appendix-VII of IRS-
B1-2001 followed by painting as per painting schedule given in clause
39.2.1 (i) (ii) (iii) of IRS-B1-2001 shall be applied.
6.9 Payment
7.1 General
The Contractor shall provide at his own cost all tools, machinery,
equipment and erection material, including all temporary works and shall
assemble all components in every respect as stipulated in the contract
and in accordance with approved drawings and specifications.
Before starting the work the Contractor shall seek the Engineer’s
approval as to the method he proposes to follow and the type and
suitability of equipment he proposes to use for assembly of girder
components and launching of girder. The approval of the Engineer shall
however not in any way relieve the Contractor of the responsibility for the
adequacy and safety of methods and/or equipment he proposes to use
for carrying our work in full accordance with drawings and specifications.
All temporary works shall be properly designed and fabricated & erected
with great care for the loads, which they will be called upon to support.
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Adequate allowance and provision for the effect of lateral forces and
wind loads shall be made to meet unforeseen conditions.
When chains are used for lashing, care must be taken to protect the
edges of members from twisting and distortion, damage to paint and
similar effects.
The method used for lifting and slinging flexible members shall be
brought to the notice of the Engineer and shall be subject to his approval.
For erection of Open Web Girder span, appendix III of IRS B1 – 2001
shall be followed.
(i) The joints at the end of each top & bottom chord shall be drifted,
bolted and preferably stitch riveted to their Geometrical outline.
(iii) The bottom chord members shall then be placed on the camber
jacks, carefully levelled and checked for straightness and the joints
completed by riveting.
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Specifications RVNL
(iv) The vertical and diagonal web members, except the end verticals
shall then be erected with gusset connection outward from centre in
their proper position on the bottom chords. Temporary gussets with
correct hole position as on master gusset shall be fixed to connect
the top end of diagonals. Strainers shall be used to realize
matching of holes in the gussets at top & bottom of the diagonals &
verticals, to ensure that the angles between the members at the
bottom joints are as given by the nominal outline of the girders. The
verticals and diagonals shall then be riveted to the lower chord.
(v) All panel points, except the central one shall now be lowered by an
amount sufficient to produce the correct camber on the main
girders as shown on the camber diagram.
(vi) The top chord shall thereafter be erected piece by piece, working
symmetrically outwards from the centre without loss of camber
profile.
(viii) The ends posts shall be erected last. The upper end connection
should preferably be made first and if there is no splicing in the end
vertical, the final closure be made at the bottom connection. If
there is splicing, it shall be made at the splicing.
Any apparent error in shop work which prevents the assembling and
fitting of the mating parts by the proper use of drifts, shall be investigated
immediately.
7.3.2 Reaming
The studs whose welds have failed the tests given in (a) and (b) shall be
replaced.
All other aspects not stated above shall comply with IRS-BI-2001 and
Welded Bridge Code.
All items fabricated in the workshop shall be marked and packaged with
accompanying package list. The items after fabrication shall be
transported by Contractor to site by Rail/Road in a manner as to cause
no damage to the components. Contractor shall be liable for all losses
and damages in transit for the materials consigned by him till materials
are erected and work completed and taken over by the Engineer.
Insurance against loss or damage in transit, if any, shall be the
responsibility of the Contractor.
After identification & correct marking, all components of each girder shall
be dismantled & similar components shall be grouped together &
labelled; rivets bolts and plates of each size shall be packed separately
in the manner described elsewhere in this tender document, after
approval by the inspecting authority.
The packages shall be of such size by length & weight that they are
safely transportable by Rail/Road. The components shall be provided
with necessary packing to avoid damage to painting & members in
transit.
7.6.1 Holes
After assembly, all blank holes shall be checked with plug gauge of
diameter 0.8mm less than hole diameter, to check fair matching of holes
before riveting.
7.6.2 Drifts
Drifts as per IRS specifications may be used for drawing light members
into position, but their use on heavy members should be restricted to
securing them in their correct positions. In no case shall drifting be
allowed to such an extent that holes are distorted. Drifting to enlarge
unfaired holes is prohibited.
7.6.3 Reaming
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Specifications RVNL
The holes that will have to be enlarged to admit rivets should be reamed
subject to approval of Engineer/Inspecting Officer who will satisfy himself
about the extent of inaccuracy and the effect of reaming on the
soundness of the structure. The Contractor shall supply special rivets to
fill reamed holes, where reaming is approved. Record of all such
variations shall be kept. However, these provisions should not apply for
under drilled holes meant for turned bolts. Copies of all correspondence
pertaining to the recourse of reaming and the use of oversize rivets shall
be sent by the Contractor for information to Engineer.
Care shall be taken to see that all burrs are removed and no surface
defects exist before the parts are assembled. The mating surfaces shall
establish full contact when assembled. In cases where the joints have to
withstand stresses arising from special methods of erection, provision is
to be made to take the whole stress that will or may occur. Cylindrical
drifts and turned bolts shall be used to withstand such stresses and no
reliance is to be placed on service bolts for this purpose. Up to a
maximum of 40 percent of the holes of each member of the joint are to
be filled with drifts and balance of strength required is to be attained with
turned bolts. The position and number of the drifts and bolts will be
decided by Engineer.
For the Engineer’s use and record, the Contractor shall supply free of
charge, four sets of prints on strong paper and one set of neatly
executed tracings on linen of approved detailed drawings for assembly
and launching schemes for use at site.
The launching system shall be test tried if directed by the Engineer and
no separate payment for this shall be made.
Nothing extra will be paid to the Contractor for adopting any scheme for
launching and the costs are to be covered in the relevant item in the
schedule of items, quantities and rates. All temporary members shall be
removed after launching and may be taken back by the Contractor.
Erection gussets provided for connecting the members may be cut and
edges ground as required by the Engineer.
The Contractor has to make arrangements at his own cost for the steel
for temporary arrangements including sway restraining devices for
launching and temporary strengthening of girder, as may be required for
the launching operations. The rate quoted should take into account these
factors as nothing extra shall be paid.
During erection of girders, the Contractor shall provide all facilities and
permit the Engineer to inspect the field assembly, site riveting and
erection of spans.
A neat casting bearing the name of the Contractor, the place and date of
manufacture, the contact number and the standard of loading to be
specified by the Engineer shall be bolted conspicuously on all girders.
The drawing of the name plate shall be approved by the Engineer.
8.1 Measurement
For the purpose of payment, quoted rates apply to the weights of steel
work calculated from final working drawings based on theoretical weights
given in the producer’s hand books and using minimum square overall
dimensions, no deductions being made for skew cuts, holes or notches.
Each gusset shall be measured as equivalent to the dimension of the
smallest enclosing rectangle. The wastage of steel in the form of skew
cuts etc. shall be the property of the Contractor.
The payment for steel work as per item in the schedule of items, rates
and quantities, shall be released in stages of accepted item rates for
quantities executed, as mentioned below. The payment after receipt of
material in fabrication shop shall be made on the basis of measurements
contained in the supplier’s vouchers, if required, these measurements
shall be further verified by the representative of Engineer in charge by
measuring dimensions/sizes of the sections and multiplying the same by
standard weight. Sampling for actual weight of the sections shall also be
Volume I – Part A - Bridges Page 147 of 175
Specifications RVNL
Note:
i. Payment under stage (iii) will be merged with stage (ii) after
successful test assembly of one girder at bridge site.
ii. Landed cost will include cost of purchase and cost of
transportation.
Note:
a) Payment under stage (ii) will be merged with stage (iii) after
successful test assembly of one girder.
% of the Unit
Stage
Description of Stage rate of BOQ
No
item
(i) After final launching of girders and aligning Cumulative 90%
them in proper position over the respective
supports before lowering on the bearing.
(ii) On completion of field riveting/welding/Bolting Cumulative 95%
(iii) On removal of temporary arrangements and Cumulative 97%
placement of girders on bearing, anchoring
the bearing to girder and pier, to the correct
line and level.
(iv) After providing misc. works such as pathway Cumulative 98%
and railings.
(v) After final coat of painting, cleaning of site of Cumulative 100%
all obstructions and completion of successful
load testing etc.
Note:
1. Prorata payment shall be made in intermediate stage as decided by
the Engineer.
Any fitting, accessory or apparatus which may not have been mentioned
in this specification or the drawings, but which are usual or necessary in
the execution of such work, are to be provided by the Contractor without
extra payment. The whole work must be completed in all details, whether
mentioned in this specification or not, with the exception of such work as
has been specified in the schedule of requirements to be separately
provided for in the Contract.
11.1 The railway track on this Section shall be electrified. In order to prelude
the effect of electric corrosion if any, due to long stay current due to
induction, necessary measures will be taken to equalize the electric
potential. The superstructure should be isolated from the bed block by
suitable elastomeric plates or other insulating material under the
bearings. However, for POT/PTEF bearings, this will not be required.
(i) - BEARINGS
1. General
1.1 Pot type bearings shall consist of a metal piston supported by a disc or
unreinforced elastomer confined within a metal cylinder to take care of
rotation. Horizontal movement, if required shall with a system of sealing
rings be provided by sliding surfaces of PTFE pads sliding against
stainless steel mating surfaces. The pot bearings shall consist of cast
steel assemblies or fabricated structural steel assemblies.
1.2 Provisions of IRC –83 (Section IX Part I) shall be applicable for all
metallic elements. Provisions of IRC-83 (Section IX Part II) shall be
applicable for all elastomer elements. Provisions of IRC-83 (Section IX
Part III) shall be applicable for POT/POT-PTFE bearing. When any items
are not covered by IRC:83 (Part I, Part II and Part III), the same shall be
as per guidelines given hereunder and BS:5400 (Sections 9.1 and 9.2),
except that the same shall be permitted. If there is any conflict between
BS on the one hand and IRC on the other, the provisions of IRC will be
guiding.
Rotation Sliding
Name Generally for
Element Element
Pot Pot None Vertical load
2. Fabrication
2.1 The surface mating with the PTFE in the sliding pair shall be corrosion
resistant stainless steel. Normally, the stainless steel shall form the upper
component. The stainless steel shall overlap the PTFE after full
movement on all sides. If stainless steel sheet is used, it should be
bonded by continuous welding along the edges. Adhesive or any other
bonding can be approved by the Engineer. The surface shall be prepared
by thorough cleaning to remove grease, dust or any other foreign
substance.
2.2 PTFE modular sheets of the sliding pair shall be located by confinement
assisted by bonding. Confined PTFE shall be recessed into the metal
backing plate. The shoulders of the recess shall be sharp and square to
restrict the flow of PTFE.
2.3 The thickness of the PTFE shall not be less than 4.5 mm with projection
above the recess not exceeding 2.0mm. When the piston is subjected to
tilting, the seal must slide along the wall and alter its shape according to
the angle of tilt. At the same time, it must be sufficiently rigid to bridge the
gap between the piston and the wall of the pot. However, the percentage
of plan area of the lubrication cavities to the gross area shall not exceed
25%. The depth of the cavity shall not exceed 2.0 mm.
2.4 The diameter of thickness ratio of the confined elastomer shall not exceed
15. The surface of the confined elastomer shall be smooth.
2.4.2 The hardness of the piston and the wall at their contact region shall be
minimum 350 BHN to reduce wear. The surface finish of the pot base in
contact with the confined elastomer shall be very smooth.
2.4.3 All bearings shall be installed with anchor and anchor screws or some
similar device such that while replacing, the bearings can be removed
with minimum lifting of the superstructure.
2.4.5 POT bearings including all parts as shown on the drawings shall be fully
shop assembled at the manufacturer’s works to ensure proper fitting of all
parts.
2.5 Materials
a) Steel
ii) Cast steel shall conform to Gr. 280-520W of IS:1030. 0.3 to 0.5 %
copper may be added to increase the corrosion resistance
properties.
b) PTFE
c) Elastomer
The confined elastomer inside pot will have the following properties:
i. Spherical Bearings are suitable for all types of structures especially for
long span and continuous structures, Cable Stay and Suspension Bridges
with relatively large and repetitive rotation and translation requirements
caused by variable loads, and for superstructures that induce fast sliding
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Specifications RVNL
a. Steel
c. Stainless Steel
Stainless Steel for the Sliding Interface shall be in accordance with AISI
316L or IS: 6911. The Stainless Steel sheet shall be attached to its
backing plate by continuous fillet weld. However, attachment either by
bonding, counter screwing can be done with permission of the
Engineer.
iii. The bearing should be designed with the steel restraining ring / external
guides for additional safety against separation and sliding off under
unforeseen conditions.
iv. Thickness of the backing plate: The thickness of the backing plate for
concave sliding surface i.e. Bearing Bottom Plate shall not be less than 12
mm.
c. The sliding surface shall ideally fit in the recess without clearance. The
maximum permissible tolerance on the fit of sliding surface inside the
recess shall not exceed values specified below.
Component with
respect to bottom
2.6 Workmanship
2.6.1 Welding
All irregularities, fins or risers shall be ground off flush with the adjacent
surface. Castings with visible cracks, blow holes, or similar blemishes shall
be rejected if the imperfections are located on bearing surfaces or cannot
be remedied to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Imperfections which are
not located on bearing surfaces shall be cleaned out, filled with weld metal
of the appropriate composition and ground flush with adjacent surfaces.
Defects arising from the fabrication of the steel shall be inspected by the
Engineer, who will decide whether the materials may be repaired by the
Contractor or will be rejected. The cost of repairs or replacement shall be
borne by the Contractor.
All steel whether fabricated or not, shall be stored above the ground on
platforms, skids or other supports and adequately protected against
corrosion. Excessively rusted, bent or damaged steel shall be rejected.
All plates shall be flat and rolled bars and shapes straight before marking
out or being worked. Straightening shall be done by methods which shall
not damage the material. Sharp kinks and bends shall be the cause for
rejection.
Steel may be flame cut to shape and length so that a regular surface, free
from excessive gouges and striations is obtained. Flame cutting by hand
shall be done only with the approval of the Engineer.
2.6.4 Tolerances
i) Plan dimensions : -0 to +5 mm
ii) Overall height: : -0 to + 3mm
iii) Height of elastomer: : ±5%
iv) Height of any steel component
a) Machined : -0 to +1 mm
b) Unmachined : Class 2 of IS: 4897
2.7 Painting
All non- working surfaces shall be coated with two coats of epoxy primer
and one or more coat each of epoxy intermediate and finish, total thickness
< 0.150µm or any other painting scheme as approved by the Engineer.
2.7.1 Silicon grease shall be applied at the PTFE/SS interface after testing.
2.8 Test
All welding shall be tested by dye Penetration method. Butt welding shall
be tested by Ultrasonic method. Soundness of welding shall be certified by
the manufacturer.
Mild Steel to be tested for physical and chemical properties as per IS:226
and IS:2062.
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Specifications RVNL
(ii) All bearings shall be load tested to 1.1 times maximum design
capacity including seismic force. Bearing tested at higher loads
cannot be used. Manufacture’s certificate with test proof to be
submitted along with the design to the Engineer for approval before
their use in work. If the Engineer desires the bearings to be got
tested by RDSO, Lucknow/ any other Inspecting agency, the same
shall be got done by the Contractor at its own cost.
2.9.1 General
(i) Care shall be taken during installation of the bearings to permit their
correct functioning in accordance with the design scheme.
(iii) The load shall be transferred onto the bearings only when the
bedding material has developed sufficient strength. The props for the
framework shall only be removed after lapse of appropriate time. In
special cases, this can be ensured by suitable devices like jacks,
etc.
(vi) Cement based non-shrinking grout with air releasing additive and
epoxy based grout, whichever is specified shall be first tried at the
site. For the proprietary grout mixes, appropriate instructions from
the manufacture shall be followed especially with regard to the
following:
(ii) All the anchors shall be fitted to the lower face of the template
using the anchor screws but with steel washer replacing the
elastomer washers. Separate screws may be used in case of
inconvenience in the length of the original screws.
(iii) The template assembly shall be located with regard to level and
alignment. It shall be ensured that the top anchors lie in a
horizontal plane at the required elevation. The anchors shall be
tied/welded to reinforcement to avoid displacement during
concreting.
(v) The template and the plate washers shall be removed prior to
placement of the bearing assembly with temporary clamps. The
bearing assembly shall be fitted to the anchors with the help of
anchors screws and elastomer washers. Level at the bearing shall
be checked.
(vi) The gap below the bearing assembly shall be grouted with cement
based grout.
(i) Pockets commensurate with the sizes of the anchors shall be kept
in pedestals during concreting of the same. The pedestal shall be
cast approximately 25 mm short of the required finished level.
(iii) The gap below the bearing assembly including anchor pockets shall
be grouted with cement based grout. Reference may be made to
Clause 2006.6.1(vi) of MOST specifications for Road and Bridge
Works (latest revision).
Bibliography
Document
Sr
Name of the Document Issued By Reference Issue Date
No
No
1 Special Grade Cement for use in
RDSO IRS:T:40 1985
Concrete Sleepers
2 IRS Bridge Rules RDSO RDSO 2014
3 Code of Practice for Plain,
Reinforced & Prestressed
Concrete for General Bridge RDSO RDSO 1997
Construction (Concrete Bridge
Code)
4 Mechanical Tests for Post British
Tensioning Systems Standards
BS: 13391 2004
Institution
UK
5 Code for use of Rubber Bearings University
UIC – 772
for Rail Bridges of Illinois 1989
R
Chicago
6 Standard Specification and Code
of Practice for Road Bridges Indian Road
IRC:78 2000
Section VII Foundation & Sub Congress
structure
7 Code of Practice For The Design
of Steel or Wrought Iron Bridges
RDSO RDSO 2017
Carrying Rail, Road or Pedestrian
Traffic (Steel Bridge Code)
8 Manual on the design and
construction of well and pile RDSO RDSO 2004
foundations (1985)
9 Specification for Fabrication and
Erection of Steel Girder Bridges IRS B1 –
RDSO 2001
and Locomotive Turn-Tables 2001
(Fabrication Specification)
10 Specification for Filler wires for Letter No.
CO2 welding M&C/W/111
RDSO /24 dated 1994
1.1.1994/7.
2.1994
11 Aluminium and aluminium alloys. British
Drawn wire Technical conditions Standards BS EN
2008
for inspection and delivery Institution 1301-1
UK
12 Aluminium and Aluminium Drawn British
Wires Mechanical Properties Standards BS EN
2008
Institution 1301-2
UK
13 Aluminium and Aluminium Drawn British
Wires Tolerances on Dimensions Standards BS EN
2008
Institution 1301-3
UK
14 Steel, concrete and composite British BS:5400 2003
Volume I – Part A - Bridges Page 163 of 175
Specifications RVNL
Document
Sr
Name of the Document Issued By Reference Issue Date
No
No
bridges — Part 2: Specification Standards
for loads Institution
UK
15 Steel, concrete and composite British
bridges — Part 3: General Design Standards
BS:5400 1982
Institution
UK
16 Steel, concrete and composite British
bridges — Part 4: Code of Standards
BS:5400 1990
Practice for design of Concrete Institution
Bridges UK
17 Steel, concrete and composite
British
bridges — Part 7: Specification
Standards
for materials and workmanship, BS:5400 1978
Institution
concrete, reinforcement and
UK
prestressing tendons
18 Steel, concrete and composite
bridges — Part 8: British
Recommendations for materials, Standards
BS:5400 1978
workmanship, concrete, Institution
reinforcement and prestressing UK
tendons
19 Plastics - Polytetrafluoroethylene British
(PTFE) Semi-Finished Products - Standards BS EN ISO
2005
Part 1: Requirements and Institution 13000-1
Designation UK
20 Plastics - Polytetrafluoroethylene
British
(PTFE) Semi-Finished Products -
Standards BS EN ISO
Part 2: Preparation of Test 2005
Institution 13000-2
Specimens and Determination of
UK
Properties
21 Standard Specifications and Code
of Practise for Road Bearings Indian Road
IRC 83 1999
Section IX Bearings Part-I Congress
Metallic Bearings
22 Standard Specifications and Code
of Practise for Road Bearings Indian Road 1987 (Reprint
IRC 83
Section IX Bearings Part-II Congress 2011)
Elastomeric Bearings
23 Standard Specifications and Code
of Practise for Road Bearings Indian Road 2002 (Reprint
IRC 83
Section IX Bearings Part-III POT Congress 2012)
PTFE Bearings
24 Standard Specifications and Code
of Practise for Road Bearings
Indian Road
Section IX Bearings Part-IV IRC 83 2014
Congress
Spherical and Cylindrical
Bearings
25 Guidelines for design and Indian Road
IRC 102 2014
construction of Reinforced soil Congress
Volume I – Part A - Bridges Page 164 of 175
Specifications RVNL
Document
Sr
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No
walls
26 Special Publication on "Handbook Bureau of 1987
on Concrete Reinforcement and Indian IS: 34 Re-affirmed Mar
Detailing" Standards 99
27 Zinc Chrome for Paints: Bureau of
1998
Specification (Fourth Revision) Indian IS: 51
Re-affirmed 2002
Standards
28 Specification for Linseed Oil, Bureau of
1976
Boiled, for paints (Second Indian IS: 77
Re-affirmed 2010
Revision) Standards
29 READY MIXED PAINT, Bureau of
BRUSHING, RED LEAD, NON- Indian IS: 102 1962
SETTING, PRIMING Standards
30 Specification for Ready Mixed Bureau of 1979
Paint, Brushing, Zinc Chrome, Indian IS: 104 Re-affirmed Mar
Priming Standards 99
31 Specification for structural Steel Bureau of
(Revised) Indian IS: 226 1975
Standards
32 ORDINARY PORTLAND
Bureau of
CEMENT, 33 GRADE —
Indian IS: 269 2013
SPECIFICATION ( Fifth
Standards
Revision )
33 Indian Standard Specifications for Bureau of
1970
Coarse & Fine Aggregates from Indian IS: 383
Re-affirmed 2002
Natural Sources for Concrete. Standards
34 Brushes, Paints and Varnishes, Bureau of
Flat ( Fifth Revision ) Amended Indian IS: 384 2002
Aug 2004 Standards
35 Indian Standard Specifications for
Bureau of
Mild Steel and Medium Tensile 1982
Indian IS: 432
Steel Bars and Hard Drawn Steel Re-affirmed 1995
Standards
Wire. Part-I
36 Portland Slag Cement - Bureau of
1989
Specification (Fourth Revision) Indian IS: 455
Re-affirmed 1995
Standards
37 Code of practice for plain and Bureau of
2000
reinforced concrete. Indian IS: 456
Re-affirmed 2005
Standards
38 Code of practice for general
Bureau of
construction of plain and RCC for 1957
Indian IS: 457
dams and other massive Re-affirmed 2005
Standards
structures
39 Code of practice for reinforced Bureau of
1957
concrete for dams & other Indian IS: 487
Re-affirmed 1991
massive structures Standards
40 Indian Standard Specifications for Bureau of
1959
Method of test for strength of Indian IS: 516
Re-affirmed 2004
concrete. Standards
41 Wrought Iron Aluminium Alloy Bureau of IS: 739 1992
Volume I – Part A - Bridges Page 165 of 175
Specifications RVNL
Document
Sr
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No
No
wires for Gen Engg purposes Indian
Re-affirmed 2001
(Third Revision) Standards
42 Code of practice for General Bureau of
Construction in Steel Indian IS: 800 2007
Standards
43 Covered Electrodes for Manual
Arc welding of Carbon Bureau of
Manganese Steel- Specification Indian IS: 814 2004
( Sixth Revision) Amended Oct Standards
2005
44 Activated carbons powdered and
Bureau of
granular - methods of sampling
Indian IS: 887 1989
and test ( Second Revision )
Standards
Amended Jan 1998
45 Carbon Steel casting for Gen Bureau of
Engg purposes - Specification Indian IS: 1030 1998
(Fifth Revision) Standards
46 Steel rivet bars (Medium and High
Bureau of
tensile) for structural purposes
Indian IS: 1148 2009
( Fourth Revision ) Superseding
Standards
1149
47 Indian Standard Specifications for Bureau of
1959
Method of Sampling and analysis Indian IS: 1199
Re-affirmed 2004
of concrete. Standards
48 Metric Steel Tape Measure Bureau of
(winding Type) Indian IS: 1270 1965
Standards
49 General requirements for the Bureau of
1993
supply of metallurgical materials Indian IS: 1387
Re-affirmed 2003
( Second Revision ) Standards
50 Portland Pozzolona Cement Bureau of
1991
Specification Part 1 Fly ash Indian IS: 1489
Re-affirmed 2005
Based Standards
51 Portland Pozzolona Cement Bureau of
1991
Specification Part 2 Calcined Clay Indian IS: 1489
Re-affirmed 2009
Based Standards
52 Method for Bend Test (Second Bureau of
1985
Revision) (Superseding 1692, Indian IS: 1599
Re-affirmed 2006
3260, 4598) Standards
53 And ISO 6892 Metallic materials - Bureau of 2005
Tensile test at ambient Indian IS: 1608 Re-affirmed Jul
temperature ( Third Revision) Standards 2008
54 Steel bars, round and square for
Bureau of
structural and Gen Engg 1989
Indian IS: 1732
purposes- dimensions ( Second Re-affirmed 2004
Standards
Revision )
55 Indian Standard Specifications for Bureau of
1985
Cold Twisted Steel Bars for Indian IS: 1786
Re-affirmed 1990
Concrete Reinforcement. Standards
56 Specification for batch type Bureau of IS: 1791 1985
Volume I – Part A - Bridges Page 166 of 175
Specifications RVNL
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No
concrete mixers. Indian
Re-affirmed 1995
Standards
57 Specification for Rolling and Bureau of
1985
Cutting tolerances for hot rolled Indian IS: 1852
Re-affirmed 2003
steel products ( Fourth Revision ) Standards
58 Code of practice for subsurface Bureau of
1979
investigation for foundation Indian IS: 1892
Re-affirmed 2002
Standards
59 Hot Rolled Medium and High Bureau of
Tensile Structural Steel Indian IS: 2062 2011
Standards
60 Method of standard penetration Bureau of
1981
test for soils Indian IS: 2131
Re-affirmed 2002
Standards
61 Specification for Aluminium Paints Bureau of
1963
for general purposes in dual Indian IS: 2339
Re-affirmed 2009
container Amended Jan 1998 Standards
62 Methods of test for Aggregates for Bureau of
1963
concrete Part I Particle size and Indian IS: 2386
Re-affirmed 2002
shape Standards
63 Methods of test for Aggregates for
Bureau of
concrete Part II Estimation of 1963
Indian IS: 2386
deleterious material and organic Re-affirmed 2011
Standards
impurities
64 Methods of test for Aggregates for
Bureau of
concrete Part III Specific gravity, 1963
Indian IS: 2386
Density, Bulking, Voids and Re-affirmed 2002
Standards
Absorption
65 Methods of test for Aggregates for Bureau of
1963
concrete Part IV Mechanical Indian IS: 2386
Re-affirmed 2002
Properties Standards
66 Methods of test for Aggregates for Bureau of
1963
concrete Part V Soundness Indian IS: 2386
Re-affirmed 2002
Standards
67 Methods of test for Aggregates for
Bureau of
concrete Part VI Measuring 1963
Indian IS: 2386
mortar making properties of fine Re-affirmed 2011
Standards
aggregates
68 Methods of test for Aggregates for Bureau of
1963
concrete Part VIII Petrographic Indian IS: 2386
Re-affirmed 2002
examination Standards
69 Methods of test for Aggregates for Bureau of
1963
concrete Part VII Alkali Aggregate Indian IS: 2386
Re-affirmed 2002
reactivity Standards
70 Specification for Roller Pan Mixer Bureau of
1963
Indian IS: 2438
Re-affirmed 2009
Standards
71 Code of practice for bending and Bureau of
1963
fixing of Bars for concrete Indian IS: 2502
Re-affirmed 2004
reinforcement. Standards
Volume I – Part A - Bridges Page 167 of 175
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No
72 Concrete Vibrators Immersion Bureau of
1992
Type General Requirements Indian IS: 2505
Re-affirmed 2004
(Third Revision ) Standards
73 General requirements for Bureau of
1985
Concrete Vibrators Screed Board Indian IS: 2506
Re-affirmed 2005
Type Standards
74 Specification for Concrete Bureau of
1963
Vibrating Tables Indian IS: 2514
Re-affirmed 2001
Standards
75 Code of Practice for laying in Situ Bureau of
1970
cement concrete flooring Indian IS: 2571
Re-affirmed 2001
Standards
76 Specification for Primary
Bureau of
Aluminium Ingots for Re-melting 1987
Indian IS: 2590
For General Engineering Re-affirmed 2001
Standards
Purposes (Second Revision )
77 Method of Tests for Soils Part 5 Bureau of
1985
Determination of Liquid and Indian IS: 2720
Re-affirmed 2006
Plastic Limit ( Second Revision ) Standards
78 Indian Standard Specifications for
Bureau of
Portable Swing Weight batches 1964
Indian IS: 2722
for concrete (Single and Double Re-affirmed 2001
Standards
Bucket type)
79 Code of Practice for Welding of Bureau of
1975
Mild Steel Bars used for Indian IS: 2751
Re-affirmed 1998
reinforced concrete construction. Standards
80 Code of practice for design and
Bureau of
construction of pile Foundations
Indian IS: 2911 2010
Part 1 Concrete Piles Sec 1
Standards
Driven cast in situ concrete piles
81 Code of practice for design and
Bureau of
construction of pile Foundations
Indian IS: 2911 2010
Part 1 Concrete Piles Sec 2
Standards
Bored cast in situ concrete piles
82 Code of practice for design and
Bureau of
construction of pile Foundations 1980
Indian IS: 2911
Part 1 Concrete Piles Sec 3 Re-affirmed 2006
Standards
Under-reamed piles
83 Code of practice for design and
construction of pile Foundations Bureau of
Part 1 Concrete Piles Sec 4 Indian IS: 2911 2010
Precast Concrete Piles in Pre- Standards
bored Holes
84 Methods Of Sampling and Test Bureau of
1987
( Physical and Chemical) For Indian IS: 3025
Re-affirmed 2003
Water Standards
85 Assessment of Surface Bureau of
1967
Roughness Indian IS: 3073
Re-affirmed 2006
Standards
86 Code of practice for design and Bureau of IS: 3414 1968
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Sr
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No
No
installation of joints in buildings Indian
Re-affirmed 2006
Standards
87 Methods of Sampling Hydraulic Bureau of
1986
Cements ( First Revision ) Indian IS: 3535
Re-affirmed 2004
Standards
88 Method of physical test for
Bureau of
hydraulic cement Part 1 1996
Indian IS: 4031
Determination of fineness by dry Re-affirmed 2005
Standards
sieving (Second Revision )
89 Method of physical test for
hydraulic cement Part 2 Bureau of
1999
Determination of fineness by Indian IS: 4031
Re-affirmed 2004
Blaine Air Permeability method Standards
( Second Revision )
90 Method of physical test for Bureau of
1988
hydraulic cement Part 3 Indian IS: 4031
Re-affirmed 2005
Determination of Soundness Standards
91 Method of physical test for
Bureau of
hydraulic cement Part 4 1988
Indian IS: 4031
Determination of consistency of Re-affirmed 2005
Standards
standard cement paste
92 Method of physical test for
Bureau of
hydraulic cement Part 5 1988
Indian IS: 4031
Determination of initial and final Re-affirmed 2005
Standards
setting time
93 Method of physical test for
hydraulic cement Part 6 Bureau of
1988
Determination of compressive Indian IS: 4031
Re-affirmed 2005
strength of hydraulic cement other Standards
than masonry cement
94 Method of physical test for
Bureau of
hydraulic cement Part 7 1988
Indian IS: 4031
Determination of compressive Re-affirmed 2005
Standards
strength of masonry cement
95 Method of physical test for
hydraulic cement Part 8 Bureau of
1988
Determination of compressive Indian IS: 4031
Re-affirmed 2005
strength of plastic mortar using Standards
prism
96 Method of physical test for
Bureau of
hydraulic cement Part 9 1988
Indian IS: 4031
Determination of Heat of Re-affirmed 2005
Standards
Hydration
97 Method of physical test for Bureau of
1988
hydraulic cement Part 10 Indian IS: 4031
Re-affirmed 2005
Determination of drying Shrinkage Standards
98 Method of physical test for Bureau of
1988
hydraulic cement Part 11 Indian IS: 4031
Re-affirmed 2005
Determination of density Standards
99 Method of physical test for Bureau of IS: 4031 1988
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Sr
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No
No
hydraulic cement Part 12
Indian
Determination of air content of Re-affirmed 2005
Standards
hydraulic cement mortar
100 Method of physical test for
Bureau of
hydraulic cement Part 13 1988
Indian IS: 4031
Determination of water retentivity Re-affirmed 2005
Standards
of masonry cement
101 Method of physical test for Bureau of
1988
hydraulic cement Part 14 Indian IS: 4031
Re-affirmed 2005
Determination of False Set Standards
102 Method of physical test for
Bureau of
hydraulic cement Part 15 1991
Indian IS: 4031
Determination of Fineness by wet Re-affirmed 2005
Standards
sieving
103 Method of chemical analysis of Bureau of
1985
hydraulic cement Indian IS: 4032
Re-affirmed 2005
Standards
104 Safety for blasting and other Bureau of
1986
related operations Indian IS: 4081
Re-affirmed 2005
Standards
105 Recommendations of stacking Bureau of
1996
and storage of construction Indian IS: 4082
Re-affirmed 2003
materials at site. Standards
106 Safety Code for working in Bureau of
1977
compressed air Indian IS: 4138
Re-affirmed 2002
Standards
107 Specifications for Form Vibrators Bureau of
1968
for Concrete Indian IS: 4656
Re-affirmed 1996
Standards
108 Deviations of untoleranced Bureau of
1994
dimensions and mass of steel Indian IS: 4897
Re-affirmed 1998
castings Standards
109 Concrete batching and mixing Bureau of
plant - Specifications Indian IS: 4925 2004
Standards
110 Indian Standard Specifications for Bureau of
ready Mixed concrete Indian IS: 4926 2003
Standards
111 Specification for Etch (Pre- Bureau of
1970
treatment) Primer Indian IS: 5666
Re-affirmed 2009
Standards
112 Concrete Transit Mixers - Bureau of
Specifications Indian IS: 5892 2004
Standards
113 Metal Spraying for Protection of Bureau of
1989
Iron and Steel - Recommended Indian IS: 6586
Re-affirmed 2006
Practice Standards
114 Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet and Bureau of
1992
Strip - Specification Indian IS: 6911
Re-affirmed 1998
Standards
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No
115 Determination of Water Soluble Bureau of
1973
chlorides in concrete admixtures Indian IS: 6925
Re-affirmed 2004
Standards
116 Code of practice for diamond core Bureau of
1996
drilling for site investigation for Indian IS: 6926
Re-affirmed 2001
river valley projects. Standards
117 Rapid Hardening Portland Bureau of
1990
Cement - Specification Indian IS: 8041
Re-affirmed 2005
Standards
118 Ordinary Portland Cement, 43 Bureau of
Grade — Specification (Second Indian IS: 8112 2013
Revision ) Standards
119 Method of making, curing, and
Bureau of
determining compressive strength 1978
Indian IS: 9013
of accelerated cured concrete test Re-affirmed 2008
Standards
specimen
120 Concrete Admixtures - Bureau of
1999
Specifications Indian IS: 9103
Re-affirmed 2004
Standards
121 Acceptance Standards for Bureau of
1995
ultrasonic inspections of steel Indian IS: 9565
Re-affirmed 2000
castings - Specifications Standards
122 Metal Arc welding of Carbon and Bureau of
1996
Carbon Manganese Steels - Indian IS: 9595
Re-affirmed 2003
Recommendations Standards
123 Pictorial Surface preparation Bureau of
1981
standards for painting of steel Indian IS: 9954
Re-affirmed 2000
surfaces Standards
124 Concrete Mix Proportioning - Bureau of
Guidelines Indian IS: 10262 2009
Standards
125 Ordinary Portland Cement, 53 Bureau of
Grade — Specification (First Indian IS: 12269 2013
Revision ) Standards
126 Specification for Sulphate Bureau of
1988
resisting Portland cement Indian IS: 12330
Re-affirmed 2009
Standards
127 Fusion bonded epoxy coated Bureau of
1993
reinforcing bars - specifications Indian IS: 13620
Re-affirmed 2004
Standards
128 Uncoated stress relieved low Bureau of
1995
relaxation seven-ply strand for Indian IS: 14268
Re-affirmed 2003
prestressed concrete Standards
129 High Strength Deformed Stainless
Bureau of
Steel Bars and Wires for
Indian IS: 16651 2017
Concrete Reinforcement -
Standards
Specification
Annexure A
1. The scheme of protective coatings shall be as per IRS B-1 and IS 5905. The
scheme of protective coating should be prepared before the commencement of
the steel fabrication works and it should be made part of the Quality Assurance
Plan (QAP).
4. Paints should be got tested from NABL/NABCB Lab as per relevant codes /
specification.
Annexure A.1
Sample Quality Assurance Plan
Annexure A.2
Sample Test Report of Nerolac Zinc Chrome Primer