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 His Majesty'q.Ggvernment'of Nepal. . .

Ministry of Logql Development

Department of Local lnfrastructure Development

and Agricultural Roads - DoLIDAR

/[rPRoACH"'
for the Deuelopmcnt of
Agricultural and Rural Roadr

A manual for the preparation of

Diilrict Tranrport lrlaster Plan
and lor the implemcntation of
rural road lub-proiects

Prcpted with thc.r.i.u*) Irom Asian Dwetopment Bank

through.llO cxccutcd ADB TA No. 2556: "lnrtitutionel
Strengthcning for Rurel lnfnstructure Development" Proiect
:

'#rl;.
 First Edition July 1999: 500 copies

Published by
Department of Local lnhastructure Development and Agdcuttural Roads (DoLIDAR)

This publication is available at:

Department of Local lnfrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads
G.P.O-Box: 8975-EPC 797, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Tel: 977-1-521021, 536298, 535408,
Fax 977-1-5318s0, 53s408, Email:dg@dotidar.wtink.com.np
Table of Contents
Thble of Contents
List of Abbreviadons

FOREWORD v
PREFACE vu.

Section I : Main Report

Chapter 1 RATIONALE ............. .............................. I

1.1 Background............ .......... I

1.2 Need for a well-established, single approach for thc development of
rural road nerwork ........... 2
1.3 Characteristics of the approach as described in National Strategy .............3

2.1 Approach for the decentralised, participatory development of

rural road network ........... 5
2.2 Understanding the entire process : A Flow Chart......... .......... 8

Chapter 3 PLANNING ........9

3.1 Preparation of District Tiansport Master Plan (DTMP) ............................. 9

3.2 Documents to be used in the Prcparation of DTMPs.. ........... 17
3.3 Specific policies to be adopted hy the DDCs......... ................ 1?
3.4 Environmental Integration Process during the planning stage................. 18
3.5 Time Frame for planning exercise ..... 19
3.6 Sample Budget (for an average district having 53 VDCs) .... 19
3.7 Suggested Outline for thc Report on District Tiansport Master Plan ....... 20

Chapter 4 IMPLEMENTATION .......... 23

4.1 Steps to be followed in the implementation of rural road sub-projects.... 23

4.2 Documents to be used during the implcmentation of rural road
sub-projects ................... 28
4.3 Environmental Integration Process during the implementation phase ..... 28
4.4 Time Frame for implementation phase......... ....... 30
 Chapter 5 OPERATION Nr MAINTENANCE ...... jl
5.1 Action to be taken for OAIM of agriculrural and rural roads .................... 3l
5.2 Docurncnts to be.used during tl're opcration rrnd maintcnance phase ..... 32
5.J Environmenral hlregrarion Process during rhc O&M phasc..................... 32
5.4 Tirnc Frarnc for O&M phase ......... ...................... 32

Chapter 6 DETAILED PROGRAMME FOR DDC'S FIVE-YEAR TERM .................... il

Section II : Annexes for Chapter 3

Annex II.l : Guidelines'y'( for preparing Indicative Development Potential Map (lDpM) of
District
Annex II,2 Nepal Rural Road Standard (2055)
Annex II-3 Format'y'( to collect technicd data of existing transpon linkages and sffucrures
Annex II,4 Questionnaire'A for conducting Rapid Rural Appraisal Surveys
Annex II.5 Guidelines ts' for preparing District Inventory Map of Rural Road Network
(DrM)
Annex II.6 Criteria'a to identify the rural transporr linkages that need Intervenrions
Annex II.? Format'R. Request for ransport linkage
Annex II-8 Criteria'B' to screen and grade the new transport linkage demands
Annex II,9 Criteria'C'to prioritise the ftansport linkages for the proposed Inrerventions
Annex II-10 checklist ta - checklist of environmental sensirive areas/componenrs
Annex II.11 Checklist ts'- Social and environmentalissues of concem
Annex II.12 Format'C'. Environmentalinformation related to a rural road

Section III: Annexes for Chapter 4

Annex III-I : Specimen Implementation Strategy to prepare implementation srraregy of the

district
Annex III,2 Sample'A to prepare draft users'committee agreemenr
Annex III-3 Guidelines 'C' for formation and registration of users' committees
Annex IIl4 Sample B' to prepare the work order
Annex III,5 Criteria'D'to select the potential local contractors
Annex III.6 Guidelines D'for conducting awareness raising campaigns
Annex IILT Sample'C' to prepare project completion report

Section IV Annexes for Chapter 5

Annex IV,I : specimen operation and Maintenance strategy ro prepare o&M straregy of
a project
List of Abbreviations
AADT Annual Avcrage Daily Tiaffic
APP Agriculture Perspective P[an
DADC District Agriculcure Development Committee
DAO District Administration Office
DDC District Dcvelopment Committce
DIARS District lnfrastructure and Agricultural Roads Secrion
DIM District lnventory Map
DoLIDAR Departrnent of Local Infrastructtrrc Dcvelopment and Agricultural Roads
DoR Dcpartment of Roads
DPU Districr Planning Unit
DRUC District Road Users' Committce
DTMP District Tiansport Master Plan
EIA Environmcntal Impact Assessment
GDP Gross Domestic Product
HMGN His Majesty's Government of Nepal
HRDS Human Resources Developmcnt Scction
IDPM Indicative Developmeut Potential Map
IEE Initial Environmental Examination
IFs Importance Factors
LDO Local Developmcnt Ofticer
LRUC Lncal Road Users' Committee
MESA Map of Environment Sensitivc Areas
MLD Ministry of Loca[ Development
MoA Ministry of Agriculture
MoPE Ministry of Population and Environment
NGO Non Governmental Organisation
NRRS Nepal Rural Road Standard
OGrtvl Operation and Maintenance
PCU Passenger Car Unit
RIDS Regional Infrastructurc Developrncnt Section
SDE Senior Divisional Engineer
SEME Social and Environmcntal Monitoring and Evaluation
TU Tiansport Unit
UC Users' Cornmittec
vDc M[lage Development Committee

Rate of Exchange
I US Dollar = 6?.35 Nepalese Rupees

Nepali Fiscal Year

16'r'Jrrly (Shrarvan) - 15'r'July (Ashar)

ilt
 Foreword
On behalf of the department, I am pleased to presenr this manual which provides rhe necessary
guidance and directives to the local goveming agencies for the planning, implementation and
maintenance of rural and agricultural roads in the counrry. This document outlines the steps for
the preparation of long-term district transporr perspective plans and the medium.term district
transport master plans and spells out the implementation modalities for construcrion and
maintenance of rural roads with essential formats and guidelines. It is the first of its kind produced
by the department and it is expected to facilitate the rural infrastructure developmenr endeavours
of every local governing institution. The Government, rherefore, expecrs that all local governing
institutions, particularly the DDCs, (i) shall be commimed to fulfil the objectives of National Strategy
and (ii) shall adhere to the procedures and steps sripulated in this manual while preparing rhe masrer
plans and implementing the rural infrastrucrure projects.

As one could realise, the preparadon of this document was nor an easy task. It is a result of a very
committed and consolidated effort made by the professionals both within and ourside rhe
Govemment of Nepal. May I take this opportunity to appreciate their enthusiastic participadon
and the substantive contributions in this exercise. The Asian Developmenr Bank who provided
the grant assistance in the form of a Technical Assistance Project called TA No.2556.NEP deserves
dre frst mention while naming the greatest contributors to this efforr. This document has been
substantially benefited from the long standing experience of lnrernadonal Labour Organisation in
the sector and my sincere thanks are due to Mr. H.S.S. Fonseka, ILO Team Leader of TA No.2556
Project whose untiring efforts have brought this documenr in the presenr stare. Messrs. L. P Dhakat
and D. R. Ghimire who were the other members of the TA team sha[[ also receive rhe due
recognition of rheir conrriburion in this respecr.

From the department, the Senior Divisional Engineers - Messrs. B. P Upadhyaya, D. B. Thmang
and B. B. Basnet and the Engineers - Messrs. T R. Pant, D. R. Poudel, S. P Pandit and R. Pokhrel
J.
worked closely with the TA team and were instrumental in ensuring thar the critical governmenr
policies like decentralisadon, people's participadon and local resource mobilisation are reflected in
the document. As the key players, they should receive rhe most notable acknowledgement for
producing this document which shows the path for effective planning and implementation of
country's rural infrastructure development efforts. I would like to express my gratitude to all the
MLD engineers who had provided their comments on the initialdraft during the regional workshops.
My special thanks are also due to Dr. C. P Poklurel, Deputy lbam Leader and the members of
IAU TA team for their inputs and valuable commenrs on the draft report.

Finally, on bchalf of the Government, I would like to express my sincere gratiude to the Asian
Dcvelopment Bank for availing the funds under tl're ADB Loan No.145O-NEP for the publicarion
of this manual.

0
q:,C"
Prem Kumar Poudyal
Director General
DoLIDAR
08'r'June 1999
Preface
His Mafesty's Government of Nepal, Ministry of local Development has approved The Apyoach
for tlv Deoelopmurt of Rurol and Agric.lJianal Roads on 1 ?.02. 1999. This document provides a
single approach for the development of rural and agricultural roads as envisaged by the National
Strategy for Rural Infrastructure Development. T[re National Strategy aims at developing basic
rural infrastructure (with strong emphasis on rural and agricultural roads) country-wide in a planned
and sustainable means by adopting the labour-based, [oca[ resource-oriented, environment-friendly
techniques and in accordance with the HMGN decenmalised, participatory approach.

This manual contains four sections. Section I is the main text of the manual and has six chapters.

Chapter I outlines the rationale for having such approach while Chapter 2 briefs the summary of
the approach.

General readers who would like to have an overview of the approach should reGr to the Chapters
1 and 2. Those who are actively involved in the development of rural and agricultural roads should
follow the remaining chapters.

Chapters 3, 4 and 5 detail the approach by providing step wise guidelines for planning,
implementation and operation and maintenance aspects respectively. Chapter 6 describes how
the time frame of the District Tiansport Master Plan (DTMP) is deftned against the DDC's five-
year tenure.

Section 1[ contains the documens (formats, criteria, standards, questionnaires and guidelines) to
be used in the prefuratian of DTMPs while Section III comprises of the documents required during
the implemenationphase of rural road sub-projects. Similarly, Section IV provides the documents
to be used during the operutbn and. maintenance plwse.

This manual has been prepared by considering only the present needs in the rural road sub sector.
It does not address the requirements which might arise rvith the expansion of rural road network
in line with the increasing trend of rural development activities. Therefore, there is a room for
revisions to accommodate such needs in the future. Some of the probable inclusions could be in
the areas o(

r preparation of technical smndards, criteria, formats, guidelines etc. for Rural Road Class 'E' ,
Rope Ways whtch have not been addressed in the present edition;
r provision of sub classifications for Rural Road Class
.A to accommodate various types
of road
pavements (bituminous, gravelled, etc.) ;
r modi$ring the financial rules and regulations which govern the involvement of road users'
committees and local labour groups; and
r promoting the involvement of district-based private sector entrepreneurs (e.g. consultanrs,
contractors, manufacrurers and suppliers).

It is strongly hoped that, as the first technical document published by the dcpartmenr, it will prove
to be very essential resource base for the agencies involved in planning, implementation and
maintenance of rural and agricultural roads throughout thc country.

vil
 perspective plans of the region should, then, be synchronised at a regional'
All the district
levelseminar participared by the DDC Chairmen, LDOs and engineers. This meeting enables
them to make the necessary changes in the plan in a regional perspecqivet by deciding the
class and the type of possible inter-district transport linkages. Once synchronising is
completed, every DDC of the particular region finalises the perspective plan by formally
accepting it at the District Council.

The DDC should then prepare the Five Year Projected Financial Plan by considering all
possible funding sources (DDC development grantr VDC allocation, frrnds of Members of
Parliament, DDC's and VDC's own resources, donor-funded project firnds, etc.) for the next
five years. Depending upon the availability of resources (manpoweq, funds, etc.) and the
anricipared work [oad, one DDC may achieve the targets of the Perspecdve Plan in 15 years
while another may take 25 years for the same. Therefore, the preparation of Five Year Plan
with the available resources.
is essential in order to address the highly prioritised needs in line
The Five Year Rural Road Master Plan is a prioritised abstract of the Perspective Plan. Every
five years, the DDC gets an opportunity to revise the perspective plan. DDC could go ahead
with thc required revisions if the district development potentials have changed tremendously.
It should be done just before the preparation of master plan for the second term. It is very
important ro note that no VDC u DDC shoull al<z up arry fioject othet than hat fron ke
Mastn Plan aftn ke phr. b apptouedb the District Council. The approval of Master Plan
ensures rhat a common consensus is reached among all participating VDCs regarding the
selection of rural road sub-projects for the next five-year term. Five Year Rural Road Master
Plan which is referred as 'District Tiansport Master Plan (DTMP)' by many could be prepared
coinciding with the ftve-year tenure of District Council.

Actions 8.13 of the proposed approach describe the steps to be followed in the ilnrrplrllneilation
of rural road projects. For each project, the DDC should agree on the implementation
arangement (or strategy) with the respective VDC (or VDCs). \Uhether the project will be
constructed by the users'committees or by local contractors; whether the users will be
mobilised by VDC or by local N@s; and who will be responsible for the procurement of
materials, hiring of conffactors/consultants, quality control and supervision, monitoring and
evaluadon are some of the issues to be sorted out during this exercise. The DDC could
prepare a single, uniform srategy if it could consult all the VDCs together, possibly in a
meeting held at district headquarters. Howeveq the implementarion strategy may differ from
one district to another. It certainly would depend upon various factors (topographical and
geographical nature; availability of labour, material and other resources; existence of NGOs,
local contractors and consultants; level of exposure to similar activities; and level of the road
users) affecting the individual district.

The present practice of carrying out the preparatory work (survey, design, and preparation
of estimates, material/labour schedules, agreements, contracts and tender documents) during
the same fscal year is discouraged in this approach by scheduling such activities in the
previous year, Before the commencement of ftscal year, all designs and cost-estimates should
be approved by the DDC. [n other words, the budget for survey and design works of the
projects to be implemented in a particular year should be allocated for the preceding fiscal
year. The formation and registration of users' committees, signing of agreements with the
users' committees, issuance of work orders could be done during the first three months of

6 AptnoAct FoR THE 0EvEtopuENr oF AGRrcu[TURAt ANo RURAr RoAos

 CHAPTER

Approach

2.1 Approach for the decentralised, participatory development of

rural road network
(Refer to Figure L t A sumrwry flnut clwn of he Apyoach given in Section 2.2)

The approach summarised below shall be followed by the Users, Users'Committees, VDCS,
DDG, Regional Directorates, DoLIDAR and the MLD. The given time frame should be
strictly followed mainly by DDG in order to achieve ia planned targets in time. Although
the Five Year Master Plans need to be developed on the basis of proiected HMGN funds,
the Government shall follow a principle of allocating its resources according to the
perfiormance of individual DDCs. Once the District Perspective Plans are developed, the
process of rural roads development should tum out to be a competition among the dismtcs.
The scale of rural road development in the districts would, however, depend on the
commitment shown by the individual DDCs and their capacity.

This approach would certainly guide all the DDCs in preparing their own plans to address
the needs of the communities in the districts. It would further provide them with the
orientation required for the implementation of these plans while displaying the involvement
. of the most efticienr mixture of both public and private sectors, and keeping in line with the
expectations of decentralisation.

The ftrst ? actions of this approach comprise the process of planning. Under this approach,
the preparation of the District Indicative Development Potenrial Map which clearly indicates
the existing Cnowth Centres and the areas having various development potentials (high value
crops, agro.based industry, tourism, micro'hydro power, etc.) is vital. Once the District
lnventory Map of existing Rural Road Necwork is plotted on the lndicative Map, it can be
used by the planners and the decision makers to identi$ the areas where the development
intervenrions are required. Although the planners have tentatively identifted the district
accessibility needs, the DDCs should still collect the formal requests for transport linkages
from each VDC. These requests may be for periodic maintenance, rehabilitation or upgrading
of their existing rransport linkages or for new ones. It brings the VDCs and the users inro
the entire process by easing the responsibilities of DDC. By incorporadng these requests
into the disrrict inventory of rural road network, the DDC can prepare the draft Perspective
Plan of Rural Road Sector that projects the total (present and ftrture) accessibility needs of
the district.

APPROACH FOR IHE OEVETOPMENT Of AGRICULIURAI. ANO RURAL ROAOS

 In view of the emphasis given to rural infrastrucrure development secror, pardcularly regarding
the increasing trend of investment every year, rhe National Stiategy suggesrs (i) to follow a
single approach for planning and implementation process (ii) to adopt one-door system for
resource mobilisation, and (iii) to introduce a suitable technical organisation within the
MLD.

The single approach given in this manual is, therefore prepared in line with the poverry
alleviation objectives and the decentralised participatory development concepts of the
govemment. If the annual target of rural road sector is to be increased by rwo fold, as per
the API then this single approach should be established properly at all levels. This approach
clearly speciftes the roles of the implementers and the beneftciaries. The donors shall also
reach a consensus on the adoption of said approach that brings up an uniformity in the entire
process. It would further eliminate the duplication of some acrivities thus, providing an
opportunity to address the areas that have not been covered or considered in the past. Not
only that, it provides a ground for undertaking complimentary activities to the various
programmes operating in the same area. According to the given approach, the process of
sEeamlining the planning, implementation and mainrenance activiries certainly requires a
greater commitment on the part of the donors, as it involves a huge capacity building task
particularly at the DDC [eve[.

This single approach enhances the entire process in the project cycle; from project
identification to the operation and maintenance of the completed project. Srep-wise
panicipatory planning decentralised decision making clear division of responsibilities, speciftc
time'bound actions, the integration of local planning at higher levels and linkages to other
development objectives are some of the in-built characteristics of this exercise. It is further
characterised by the longterm perspectives that will certainly project the needs of the next
cenrury in the rural road sector of Nepal. This approach clearly defines the roles of various
acto6 (users, Users'Groups, VDG, Drc, District Infrastnrcture and Agricultural Roads
Section'DIARS, District Council, Regional Infrastructure Development Section-RIDS and
the Department of local Infrastmcture Development and Agricultural Roads.DoLIDAR) who
are involved in the development of ruralroads in Nepal.

4 A??RoAcr{ FoR THE oEvEr.opuEilr oF AGRICULIURAL ANO RURAT ROAOS

 of long.term perspective plans, ad-hoc practices in fulfilling the needs, under-utilisation of
resources as well as rhe returns, over investment against the desired benefits, improper
utilisation of resources, under.mobilisation of limited technical human resources, lack of co-
ordination among implementing agencies are some of such problems faced by the Govemment.
Consequently, it leads to create an inefficient environment with respect to rural infrastructure
development that ultimately delays the fulfilment of peoples'expectations.

In accordance with the local govemment concept and based on the potential expectations
of local govemment agencies, there is insufficiency in programme planning, implementation
and follow.up actions for rural infrastructure development activities. There is lack of people's
participation and commirment from the beneficiaries'end as well. Therefore, majoriry of
the infrastructure has been built through an ad-hoc and prolonged implementation process!
thereby affecting the quality adversely. Standardised work norms and piactices, appropriate
technologies, ftnancial and human resources and basic physical facilities are also inadequate
in the rural infrastructure sector. Maintenance and repair of the existing infrastrucure as

well as the proper utilisation of built facilities are not receiving the desired priority, thus most
of them are in unserviceable condition. With due consideration to the endre scenario, the
Governmenr felt the urgency of having a clearly spelled.out national policy. As a
consequence, on 10n December 199?, the Council of Ministers of His Majesty's Government
of Nepal has adopted a national smategy for the development of rural infrastructure in the
country.

1.3 Gharacteristics of the approach as described in National

Strategy

The key objective of the National Strategy is "The dcvelopnmt of fusic rutal inftasuatcnne
(with strong e71d1asis on rurdlagriatlural ruds) cotmtrlatidt in a pltmed atl suslaihahlc, naans
bl a2opt6 tlw lrtour.based loul rcsources-ctiented, enuironmmt ftimdl} uchnirycs and in
accordance with tl:r HMGN decattalised, pnbiparml approacf''

As stated in the National Srraregy, the Ninth Five Year Plan has accepted the policy of
participatory developmenr process in various fietd of activities and emphasises the effective
utilisation of local resources, objective-oriented analytical planning process, institutional
strengthening of local government agencies, establishment of appropriate organisational
srrucrures, use of local skills and technologies and proper co.ordination between the local
and cenmal level institutions. Under the new decenttalisation concept, all the technical line
offices of various ministries who perform at the local level will have to fit within the
organisational set.up of District Development Committees. The DDCs will solely be
responsible for the overall development activities in the district. It is anticipated that, by
rhis decentralisation concepr and with its implementation, it will enhance the effecriveness
of decision making process and involvement of users groups, private sectors and rural poor
farmers in the development process'

ln line with the poverry alleviarion objectives, labour-based technology and environmental-
friendly, local resource.oriented construction methods have to be incorporated in rural
infrastructufe development process. The National Strategy emphasises the consideration of
(approach) for
these aspects and the decentralised concept while formulating the guidelines
ru ral infrastructure development.

A'?ROACII FOR IIIE OEVETOPUENT OF AGRICULTURAL ANO RURAT ROAOS 3

 With respect to agriculture sector, roads and irrigation sub.sectors play an important role
since these are directly related to agriculturc. The rural roads, termed as'AgricuhuralRoads'
which link farms to market centres or to nearby strategic road lreads are even more important
in this regard. The existing rural road network, at present has a limited economic impact
because of its low density (in total, a road densiry of abour 6 km per 100 km2) across the
kingdom. Therefore, among all the rural infrastructure development activities, rural road
sub-sector is considered as most vital. The Ninth Five Year Plan and the Agriculture
Perspective Plan highlight the need for a substantial increase in rural road length, preferably
up to a road density of about 1t km per 100 km2 wirhin the next 20 years.

The Ministry of Local Development (MLD) as the key government agency for local
development is responsible in providing the policy and institutional back up to the local
governing institutions (DDCs - District Development Committees, VDCs . Village
Development Committees and Municipalities) in their developmenr activiries. There are
75 DDCs,3912 VDCs and 58 Municipalities in Nepal.

Over a dozen of donor-funded rural infrasmrcture projects are presenrly being implemented
by MLD through im local institutions. In addition, numerous rural infrastrucrure projects
are being constructed every year through various programmes (e.g. Rural Self-help Programme,
Remote Area Development Programme, Election Constituency Development Programme,
Local Development Construction Programme, DDC Developmenr Granr, erc.) which are
being funded directly by the Govemment. Under these programmes, the Govemment spends
over NRs. 2.5 billion ruS$ 37 millionr ) annually. In total, the annual expenditure on rural
infrastmcture sector is over NRs. 4 billion (US$ 60 million) through MLD only. About 60%
of this expenditure is on the development of rural road secror.

1.2 Need for a well-established, single approach for the

development of rural road netuuork
At present, there is no any defrned approach adopted for the development of mral road sector
in Nepal. In donor-funded projects, the development activities (from sub-project
identification to construction; in most of the cases, practica[y no coverage for maintenance)
are carried out by the concemed implementing agency ai per rhe approach menrioned in
their respective project documents (as agreed by the Government). In most cases, rhe project
approach as well as the implementing agency turn out to be variables. The respective
approaches are varying from programme to programme despite the fact that they are
implemented through the same DDC. In Govemment funded projects, the situation becomes
even worst. In spite of having some kind of guidelines (at lcast one page) provided by the
MLq it is apparent that most of the work is being carried out on ad-hoc basis. Furthermoret
the DDCs and VDCs (usually, implementing agency) as well as the bcneficiaries are in a
state of confusion with the varied approaches of different rural road projecrs.

Therefore, it is obvious that there is an extensive diversiry in the planning process,

implementation modality, used technology, incurred cost, involvement of beneficiaries,
planned benefits and the focus of the programmes run by different agencies in the rural
infrastructure sector at local levels. As a result, the Govemment faces continual problems
in objective planning and integral implementarion of rural infrastrucrure projecm. Absepce

'rUS$=NRs.67.35

2 AppRoAclr FoR THE oEvEtopnENr oF AGRrcur.TURAr. ANo nuRAt RoAos

 CHAPTER

Rationale

1.1 Background
The Kingdom of Nepal, with a total area of 147,181.kmr, constitutes a part of the Central
Himalayan mountain sysrem. It has hills and plains of the Indian subcontinent to the south,
east and west, and the Tibetan Plateau to the north. Geographically, the country may be
divided into three distinct regions from north to south: the Mountain region, the Hill region
and the lowland plains known as the lbrai. The Terai, which is an extension of the Gangetic
plains of India, forms a low alluvial flatland along the southem border. It includes most of
the fertile and forest areas of the country.

Nepal is one of the pooresr countries in the world, with a per capita gross domestic product
(GDP) of US$ 200 in 1994 (World Bank, 1996). Although the planned development
activities are being carried out in Nepal during the last four decades, about 457o of its
popularion still lives in absolute poverty. The livelihood of more than 90% of Nepal's
population depends on agriculture despite the fact that 83% of Nepal's lands are hilly and
mounrainous. Regardless of the govemment's top priority on the agriculture secto!, the living
standard of rural poor people could not be improved in the past mainly because of insufficient
rural infrastructure such as rural roads, market centres and community buildingp. As a result,
the access to agriculture services and technological advancement as well as the markets to
agricultural products are not adequate with respect to the growing needs of the people. Nor
only that, the basic facilities such as health services, education and communication are also
not within the reach of poor rural communities.

In the Ninth Five Year Plan, poverty alleviation is the prime objective of His Majesty's
Govemment of Nepal (HMGN). As per the Ninth Five Year Plan which was drawn up in
line with the Agriculture Perspective Plan (APP), it is anticipated to generate substantial
opportunities for rural employment through diversification, commercialisation and
industrialisation of the agriculture sector. Under this context, it is necessary to ensure the
availability of means and resources for improved agricultural practices (agricultural inputs
and technology) and easy access to market opportunities for agriculnrral products and basic
human services (heakh and education) as well. In order to fulfil these requirements, it is
essential to have rhe rural infrastructure such as roads, mule trails, local trails, bridges, culverts,
irrigation schemes, dams, spurs, river training works, water mills, micro-hydro projects,
alternative energy projects, hospitals, healtl'r posts, communication centres, drinking water
supply schemes, schools, communiry centresr fire fighdng centres, structures for solid wastc
management and others

AP?ROACH FOR THE OEVETOPMENT OF AGRICUTTURAL AND RURAL ROAOS 1

Section I
Main Report
the currenr fiscal year, At the same time, the DDC should complete the activities such as
tendering selection of contractors/consultants/suppliers, and awarding of contracts that are
necessary for the involvement of private sector in the entire process.

As per the time frame given in the approach,. the activities such as organising awareness
campaigns for users, providing orientation to the local leaders and users' committees, and
conducting on-the-job maining to contractors and skilled craftsmen should be carried out
during the third and fourth months of the fiscal year. The DDC could utilise these
opportunities for drawing up the constmction work plans with the concemed parties (users'
committee or contractor). The Human Resources Development Section (HRDS) of
DoLIDAR should conduct dl regular sraff training programmes during the first trimester of
the fucal year Coinciding with the monsoon and festivals, this will be the most appropriate
time for such activities.

This approach provides a time frame up to a maximum of eight months for consuuction.
That means, there is sufficient time for proper engineering setting outs, procurement of
materials, undisturbed construction works, standard quality contro[ practices and extensive
supervision. The hurried, ad-hoc construction practices that are being used at present,
particularly during the last two months of frscal yeaq, could easily be avoided if the approach
is followed sincerely. It further provides the flexibility required to consider the additional
construction requirements that have not been foreseen at the design stage.

fu per the approach, it is necessary to carry our the public auditing by the communities
themselves in addidon to the HMGN auditors. Once the communiry is satisfied with the
serviceability (comfort, safety, etc.) of the transport linkage, the users' committee chairman
should sign the Project Completion Report that will be prepared by the technician.

Action 14 of the approach addresses the issue of operution and. maintenance. The
commitments made by the users (or VDC), at the time of project request, should be
considered as one of the criteria for drawing up the strategy for maintenance. The DDC
should mke the lead role in preparing the maintenance strategy with the consensus of all
concemed. The responsibility of routine and periodic maintenance could be divided berween
the VDCG) and the DDC. Other possible combinations are as follows: users'committee
Vs. VDC; users'committee Vs. DDC; local NCrO Vs. DDC. As a result, the maintenance
amangement of one project may vary from that of another. However, Disrict Infrastructure
and Agricultural Roads Section (DIARS) would be responsible for taking care of technical
aspects conceming the maintenance activity.

Since most of the rural areas do not have enough rural roads which could be labelled as
'standardised operational roads' the prioritised need for road maintenance does not exist in
many districts. Majority of the existing rural roads require a great deal of rehabilitadon or
upgrading in order to bring them up to the required standards. Rehabilitation of such simple
tracks could be even considered as 'new construction' since it involves almost the cost of a
new road. These roads either lack the required number of stmctures or do not have them
at all. Thereforc, no special prc-condition likc 'Main tenance of exdsrdng roads is the first prioritl'
is enforced under this approach since such situadon prevails only in few districts of the
country. However, the districts which are having a substantial lengdr of standardised roads
could consider the enforcement of such a pre-condition if ir is felt essential by rhe concemed
DDCs.

AppRoAcH FoR rnE oEv6LopMENT oF AGRrcurruRAL Allo RUiAr RoAos 7

 All the actions of approach are summarised in Figure 1 and detailed in the following chapters.

2.2 Understanding the entire process A flow chaft

The approach is presented as a flow chart in Figure 1.

1 Prepare and Finalise lndicative Development Potential Map of District

{,
2 Prepare District lnvenlory Map ol Rural Road Netwotk

P
{,
3 Colleclion ol Demands lor NewTranspoil Linkages lrom VDCs
L {,
A 4 - Prepare Dralt Perspeclive Plan ol District Rural Road Netwotk
N
N
{,
Synchronising the Dralt Perspective Plans ol adioining districts
I 5 (Preparatlon ol ReglonalPerspective Plan ol RuralRoad Netwofi)
N
G {,
6 Acceptance ol tre Perspective Plan ol Distid Rural Road Network

' Prcparation il fve Vear Au* Road Master Plan ol0istdct

7 (An abetnct ol Penpectrn Plan wlth an agrced pdorlty)

o
r
@
@
@
@
@

r
@
Flgure l:
A summaty flow chart of the APProach

APPROACI FON THE OEVETOPIIET{I Of AGRICUTTURAL ANO RURAI. ROAOS

 CHAPTER

Planning

3.1 Preparation of District Transport Master Plan (DTMPI

The first ? actions of the approach which should be followed ro prepare the 'Disrricr Transport
Mastn Parn (FiveYear RuralRoad.Master Plan)' arc detailed in rhis chapter.

Action 1 : Prcpare and linallse lndicative llevelopment Potental llap ol District

Process and Activities:

l. Collect information from district line agencies (agrir:ulture, forestry, soilconservation,
industy, etc.), private sector, NGOs and identiffthe existing and potentialareas where
development activities are either in progress or planned (by DDC Planning Officeq if
such post does not exist then by DIARS Engineer).

ll. Plot the existing and proposed Key Growth Centres (e.g. market-for agricultural
products, tourism centre, agro-based industrial centre. large settlement areas, etc.)
and the identified existing and potential development areas on district base map and
prepare the 'Dtbtrbt lndicative Development potential Map'. Please note that the
proposed Key Growth Centres should be approved by the DDC. Use GUIDELINES
'A' (by DDC Planning Officer; if such post does not exist then by DIARS Engineer).

lll. Finalise the lndicative Development Potential Map with the marked Key Growth
Centres (by the DDC Planning Unit).

M. Formalapprovalby the District Development Committee.

Responsibllity:
r The responsibility of obtaining information and preparmg map lies with the DDC
Planning Unit. lt may obtain the required support from the District Infrastructure and
Agricultural Roads Section (DIARS) and other district-based line agencies.

r The responsibility of finalising the map and presenting it to the District Development
Commiftee lies with the DDC Planning Unit.

r The District Development Committee has the final authority to accept or modifi and
consequently, approve the lndicative Development Potential Map of the district.

Timing:
o This action needs 2-4 weeks. However, it should be completed within the First month
of YearZero.

AppRoAcfl FoR THE oEvELopMENT oF AcRrcur.TURAL ANo RURAT. RoAos I

 Action 2 : Prepare District lnventory Map of Rural Road Network

Process and Activities :

t. Follow the NEpAL RURAL ROAD STANOARD (2055) - the classification of rural
transport linkages.

ll. Collect technical data of all existing rural transport linkages on the given FORMAT
,A'and send the completed formats to DDC office (by Village-based Assistant
Techn ician/Su b-overseer/Overseer).

lll. Obtain the socio-economic data of all existing rural transport linkages by conducting
Rapid Rural Appraisal Surveys. Use the given QUESTIONNAIRE 'A'. Send all
completed questionnaires to DDC office (by Village-based Assistant TechnicianA/DC
Secretary/Social Worker/NGO Worker/Sub-overseer/Overseer).

M. Follow the given GUIDELINES 'B' and plot all data of existing rural transport
linkages on lndicative Development Potential Map of district (by DIARS Overseers
under the supervision of DIARS Engineer).

V. As perthe given GRITERIA'A', indicate the roads, trails and other related structures
that need rehabilitation, upgrading or periodic maintenance and complete the'Dlslnct
tnventory Map of Rural Road Network (by DIARS Overseers under the supervision
of DIARS Engineer).

Vl. prepare lists of all existing rural transport linkages under the categories of
rehabilitation, upgrading and periodic maintenance. These lists should be prepared
separately for various classes - District Road, Village Road, Main Trails and Village
Trails (by DIARS Engineer).

Responsibility:
r District lnftastructure and Agricultural Roads Section (DIARS) with the assistance
of Users, VDCs. Village-based Assistant Technicians, VDC Secretary, District
planning Officer and in consultation with the respective Division of DOR. DDC
members and localNGOs should carry out this action.

Timing:
o This action needs 4-8 weeks. However, it should be completed by the end of Third
month of YearZero.

Once the district inventory map of existing rural road network is plotted on the indicative
development potendal map, the planners and the decision makers can idendfo the areas where
the development inrerventions are required. Although the planners have tentatively identified
the district accessibility needs, the DDCs should still collect the formal requests for transport
linkages from each VDC. These requests may be for periodic maintenance, rehabilitation or
upgrading of their existing transport linkages or for new cnes. It ensures the participation of
frrture stakeholders, i.e. VDCs and the users, in the entire process.

10 Ap?RoAcr Fon rHE oEvEtopuENT oF AGRtcu[ruRAt ANo nuRAt RoAos

 Ac0on 3 : Collectlon of Damands for New Traneport Llnkages ftom VDGs

Process and Activities :

l. Prepare the formal requests for new and existing (if interventions are required)
transport linkages on given FORMAT'B'and submit them to the DDC office. List
in the order of priority, if more than one transport linkages are demanded (by each
vDC).

ll. Obtain the socio-economic data of all requested rural transport linkages by
conducting Rapid Rural Appraisal Surveys. Use the given QUESTIONNAIRE'A'.
Send all completed questionnaires to DDC office (by Village-based Assistant
TechnicianNDC Secretary/ Social Worker/NGO Worker/Sub-overseer/Overseer).

lll. Follow-up the above activities and collect allcompleted Format'B'and respective
Questionnaire'A (by DDCs).

Responsibility:
r With the assistance of District Planning Officer, the District lnfrastructure and
Agricultural Roads Section should co-ordinate the process.

r With the assistance of Village-based Assistant TechniciansA/DC Secretary, all

VDCs are responsible for the submission of their demands for new and existing
(if interventions are required) transport linkages.

Timing:
o This action needs 2-4 weeks. However. it should be completed within the Fourth
month of Year Zero.

By incorporating these formal VDC requcsts into thc district inventory map of rural road
network, the DDC can now prepare tl're draft Perspcctive P[an of Rural Road Sector that
projects the total (present and future) acccssibility needs of the district.

AppRoAcH FoR THE oEvELopMENT oF AGRTcuLTURAL ANo RURAT Rolos 11

 Action 4: Prcpare Draft Perspective Plan ol District Rural Road Network

Process and Activities :

l. Screen and grade the formal requests on the basis of,
a) CRITERIA'B'
b) the information received from QUESTIONNAIRE'A'. and
c) lndicative Development Potential Map
(by DIARS Engineer).

ll. lncorporate all socio-economically feasible new linkages in the District lnventory Map
of Rural Road Network and prepare lhe'D,,a,fl Perspective Plan of Distict Rural Road
Network. New linkages plotted on the perspective plan may not necessarily be of
the same type and class as demanded by the VDCs. For example, a road might
have been requested but a trail may be the most feasible option as per the
CRITERIA'B' (by DIARS Engineer).

lll. Cross check the data and information on at least 10% of the feasible new transport
linkages by visiting the area with respective VDCs. Sample should be selected
randomly. Finalise the draft perspective plan which should now @ntain,
i. existing road network
ii.-- proposed future network
iii. existing Growth Centres
iv. proposed Growth Centres, and
v. other development potential areas
(by DIARS Engineer).

M. Submit the Draft Perspective Plan to District Development Committee for principle
acceptiance (by DIARS).

Responsibility:
r The responsibility of soeening/grading the requests and determining the appropriate
transport linkages lies with the District lnfrastructure and Agricultural Roads Section
(DIARS). lt may obtain the required support from the District Planning Unit and other
district-based line agencies.

r The scoring basis and conesponding scores for CRITERIA'B' should be developed
by the DIARS with reference to the district context and approved by the DDC prior
to the screening exercise.

r The responsibility of finalising the draft perspective plan and presenting it to the
District Development Committee lies with the DIARS.

r The District Devetopment Committee should discuss the draft Perspective Plan and
shall principally accept it with or without modification.

Timing:
o This action needs 4-8 weeks. However, it should be completed before the end of
Sixth month of Year Zero.

12 A?pRoAcH FoR THE oEvEtoPuENT oF AGRtcutruRAL ANo RURAT RoAos

A[[ the district perspective plans of the region should be synchronised at a regional.level
seminar participated by the DDC Chairmen, LDOs and engineers. This meeting enables
them to make the necessary changes in the plan in a regional perspective, by deciding the
class and the type of possible inter-district transport linkages.

Action 5 : Synchronislng the Draft Perspective Plans of adjoining districts

(Prepantion of Regional Perspective Plan of Rural Road Network)

Process and Activities :

l. Match all the districts' Perspective Plans of each region and suggest required changes
in respect to interdistrict transport linkages (by Regional SDE).

ll. Receive feed backs and consent from concemed districts and incorporate changes
in each Perspective Plan, if any (by RegionalSDE and DIARS engineers).

lll. Finalise and prepare the'Regional Perspective Plan of Rural Road Network' (by
RegionalSDE).

Responsibility:
r The responsibility of matching all district plans; suggesting and incorporating required
changes (with the consent of DDCs): and finalising the Regional Plan lies with the
Regional Infrastructure Development Section (RIDS).

Timing:
o This action needs only a week. However, it should be completed during the Seventh
month of Year Zero.

Once synchronising is completed, every DDC should finalise its own perspective plan by
formally accepting it at the District Council.

AppRoAclr f oR THE oEv€topMENT oF AGRtcutruRAt ANo RURAL RoAos 13

 Actlon 6 : Acceptancl of the Parspectlve Plan of Dlstrlct Rural Road Network

Process and Activities :

l. Submit the final Perspective Plan to District Council for approval (by DDC).
ll. Brief the Council on the entire process of preparation including screening and grading
procedures. The Council should be satisfied with the transparency of entire process
(by DDC Planning Officer and DIARS Engineer).

ll!. Brief the Council on the changes made by the Regional Directorate on broader
perspective (by Regiona! SDE).

M. Final approval by the District Council.

Responsibility:
r The responsibility of submitting the Final Perspective Plan to District Council lies with
the DDC. 1.e., DDC Planning Unit, DIARS and District Development Committee.

r Regional lnfrastructure Development Section (RIDS) should also participate in the

council meeting in order to brief the changes.

Timing:
o This action needs only a week. However. it should be completed during the Seventh
month of Year Zero.

The DDC should first prepare the Five Year Projected Financial Plan by considering all possible
funding sources (DDC development grant, VDC allocation, firnds of Members of Parliament,
DDC's and VDC's own resources, donor-funded project funds, etc.) for the next ftve years.
Depending upon the availability of resources (manpower, funds, etc.) and the anticipared
work load, one DDC may achieve the targets of the Perspective Plan in 15 years while another
may take 25 years for the same. Therefore, the preparation of Five Year Plan is essential in
order to address the highly prioritised needs in line with the available resorrrces. The Five
Year Rural Road Master Plan is a prioritised abstract of the Perspective Plan.

It is very important to note that no VDC ar DDC shouB akz up arry yoject other tlwn tlwt of
Masur Plan after t]re plar is appruted b the District Comcil. The approval of Masrer Plan
ensures that a common consensus is reached among all participating VDCs regarding the
selection of rural road sub-projects for the next ftve-year term. Five Year Rural Road Master
Plan which is refened as'District Tiansport Master Plan (DTMP)'by many could be prepared
coinciding with the ftve-year tenure of District Council.

14 AppRoAcH FoR TH€ oEvEropuENT oF AGRrcur.TURAr ANo RURAr- RoAos

 Action 7 : Preparation of Flve Year Rural Road Master Plan of Dlstrlct
(An abstr:id of Perspedive Plan with an qreed prtodty)

Process and Activities :

l. List all transport linkages given in the Perspective Plan, under the following
categories (bY DIARS Engineer).
i. new construction
ii. rehabilitation
iii. upgrading
iv. periodicmaintenance.
ll. These lists should be prepared separately for various classes (Distric{ Road. Village
Road, Main Trail, Village Trail) (by DIARS Engineer).

On the basis of CRITERIA'C' (for prioritisation), rank all the above irojects (by
DIARS Engineer).

M. Prepare next Five Year's Projected Financial Plan by accounting all possible
financial resources of DDC and concemed VDCs (by DDC Planning officer; if such
post does not exist then by DIARS Engineer).

V. Provide projected amounts for each year to the District Development Commiftee
and request DDC to approve the respective percentages whicft should be applicable
for each category (new, rehabilitation, upgrading and periodic maintenance) under
each class (by DDC Planning officer; if such post does not exist then by DIARS
Engineer).

vt. Based on the approved percentages, determine the tentative lengths that could
be undertaken by eacfr year. in eactr category and under each class. These lengths
should be documented and presented as'Document l'(by DIARS Engineer).

Vll. Submit ,Document I' and all ranked lists of transport linkages to the District
Development Committee for the selection of year-wise priority lists which should
be implemented in the first, second,.......... and fifth year (by DIARS Engineer).

Vlll.On the basis of 'Document I' and all ranked lists of transport linkages, discuss
and select the year-wise priority lists to be included in the'FrVe Year Master Plan'
(by DDc).

lX. Based on the approved year-wise priority lists, prepare Five Year Rural Road Master
Plan and submit to the District Development Committee for approval (by DIARS
Engineer).

X. Approval of 'Five Year Rural Road Master Plan (District Tnnsport Master Plan)'
(by DDc).

AP?ROACH FOR THE DEVELOPMENI OF AGRICULIURAT RURAT ROAOS 15

^NO
 Action 7: Preparation ol Five Year Rural Road Master plan of District
.......continued

Responsibility:
r The responsibility of listing and ranking of all socio-economically viable rural transport
linkages lies with the District lnfrastructure and Agricultural Roads Section (DIARS).

r The responsibility of preparing next Five Year's Projected Financial Plan lies with
the DDC Planning Unit. DIARS should assist them in this regard.

r Determining and approving the percentages of financial resources which should be

applicable for various interventions (new construction, upgrading, rehabilitation and
periodic maintenance) in each year is the responsibility of District Development
Committee.

Based on the approved percentages, preparation of 'Document !' is the responsibility

of DIARS. The DDC Planning Unit should assist them in this regard.

On the basis of 'Document l' and all ranked lists of transport linkages. the District
Development Committee is responsible for selecting the year-wise priority lists to
be included in the'Ffue Year Master Plan'.

Based on the approved year-wise priority lists, the DIARS should prepare Five Year
Rural Road Master Plan and submit it to the District Development Committee for
approval.

The responsibility of approving the 'Frva Year Rural Road Master Plan (District
Ttz,nsporl Master Plan)'lies with the District Development Committee.

Timing:
o This action needs 4-6 weeks. However, it should be completed before the end of
Eighth month of Year Zero.

16 AppRoAcH FoR THE oEvEr.optrEilr oF AGRICULIURAI. ANO RURAL ROAOS

3.2 Documents to be used in the preparation of DTMPs
The documents listed in Thble I and provided in Section II : Anne:<es for Chapter 3 should
be used for the preparation of District Tiansport Master Plans.

Table'l : Formats, Grlteria, Standards, Questlonnaires and Guidelines to be Used

Ac'tlon Required Documents Refer to

lction I : Paepare and finalise lndicative r GUIDELINES'A - to prepare the Oistrid lndic+ o Annex ll-1
Development Potential Map of tive Development Potential Map.
distric{.

lction 2: Prepare tlstrict lnventoy Mapd r NEPALRURALROADSTANDARD(20s5)- o Annex ll-2

Rural Road Network. to klentify vadous calegryies of transport
linkages.
r FORMAT'A - to collec{ technical data of o Annex ll-3
existing fansport linkages and structures.
r QUESTIONNAIRE'A - to cany out Rapid o Annex ll4
Rural Appraisal Surveys on socio+conomic
aspects d existing rural transporl linkages.
r GUIDELINES'B - to prepate the Oisttict o Annex ll-5
Inventay Map.
r CRITERIA'A - to identify the linkages that r Annex 116
need rehabilitation, upgrading and pedodic
maintenance.

lctiont: Colleclim ol Demands for Nav
Transpod Unkages ftorn VDCs.
r FORMAT'B - to obtain lormal request lor o Annex ll-7
new transpd linkages.
r QUESTIONMIRE'A - to carry out Rapid o Annex ll-4
pural Appraisal Surveys on socio+conomic
aspeds dnail rural transport linkages.

lcdon l: fuepate Draft Perspec tive r CRITERh'B' -to sdeen and grade he vado.rs o Annex ll{
Plan of Distrid Rurd Road tanspod linkages.
Network. r GUIDELINES'B' - to plot nar transport links. o Annex ll-5

lction 5: Syndronising he Mt o Draft Perspedive Plans of all districls.

Peapeclive Plans of adjoin-
ing districis (Preparation ol Re
gional Perspec{ive Plan d Rural
Road NeftYork).

lcdon 6: Acceptance of the Distric{ Per- o Revised Perspedive Plan of disticl.

speclive Plan. o Regional Penspedive Plan.

lction 7: Preparation of Ft'inl Five Year r CRITERIA 'C' - lor prioritisation of feasible o Annex ll-9
Rural Road Master Plan (An ab- banspd linkages.
skad ofPenspeclive Plat wih at r GUIDELINES 'B' - to plot agdcultural roads. o Annex ll-5
agrced pdoity).

3.3 Specific policies to be adopted by the DDGs

During the planning process, the following policies should be adopted by the respective DDG
with regard to the preparation of DTMPs.

r ldentification of Key Growth Cenrres (for details, refer to Action 1);

r Screening/grading criteria and the corresponding scores (refer to Action 4);
r Resource Planning (fixing respective percentages of financial resources for new
construction, rehabilitation, upgrading and maintenance).

AppRoAcH FoR THE oEvELopMENT oF AGRrcuLruRAL ANo RURAL RoAos 17

3.4 Environmental integration process during the planning stage
Environmental integration process is likely to bc morc effcctivc ancl mcaningful wl'rcn ir is
implemented as a part of the approach. The foflowirig actions arc proposed in order ro
incorporate the relevant environmental inputs at thc appropriate stages of thc planning
exercise. The proposed process ensures that the requircd cnvironmcntal consiclerations are
made prior to the development interventions. \7lrerever possihlc, thc prcrccss will try to avoid
adverse environmental impacts and implications. If it is not possible, then thc proccss will
try to reduce the risk of environmental degradation. Finally, the process recommends the
environmental mitigation measures to be followed during construction, operation and
maintenance. The proposed processr is given in Thble 2.

Table 2: Proposed anvironmental integration process

lnhgraton Step Procest and Activities Time and Responsibility
with respecl to

Acton I :
Considerations to environmentd as-
pec13 whil6 prepadng Districl lndic+
tive Oevelopment Potential Map.
(Preparc distrid Map of Environment
Sensitive AreasMESA)
o Collect infomation from districl line agen- During the preparation of
cies, other offices and knodedgeable per- lndicative Development Fo
sons. tential Map of districl.
o Plot the sensitive areas/spots on the in-
dicative potential map. See Checklist'A' By DPU with the assistanoe
and 'B' given in documenlr for typical list fiom DIARS.
of sensitive areas and environmental is-
sues of concem. Fot Checklist'A' and'B' -
o Prepare desaiptions of the plotted sensi- refer lo Annex ll-10 and An-
tive areas. nex ll-11. respectively.

Acffon 2 : o Obtain morc information about sensitive At the time of collecting

Cmfm the dala plotted on the Map arem ftom VDCs (use Format'C'given in dala on existing transport
of Environmental Sensitive Area at doormen$. linkages.
the time of prepaing lhe Distr'id ln-
ventory Map ol Rural Road Netrffik. Fot Formal'C'- refer to Annex ll-12. 8y DPU.

Ac{lon 4: o USeMESA. When developing the Per-

Considerations to environmentd as-
pects while preparing Perspective
Plar of Districl Rural Road Nehro*.
o Consids the given environmentd frlors spective Plan.
while seleding the routes and the type of
requested transport linkages (Disctssion 8y DIARS in consultation
with line agencies). with DPU and line agen-
cies.

Ac{ion 5: o Use MESA d adloining distr'rcls. When synchronising the

Adjusl the Faspeclive Plan of Dstid o Use offier sources d infomation abort en- draft Perspective Pian with
Rural Road Netumrk acoording to the vironmentally sensitive areas/spots (re- those of adjoining distdcls.
regional environmental considera- gionaUnational). By RIDS.
tions.

Ac{ion 7 :
Environmental considerations to be
made while prepadng the Five Year
Rural Road Master Plan.
o Delay or advance the development ofcer.
tain fansport linkages deperding upor lhe,
i. ldentified environmental implicatioms,
ii. technical, institutional and financial ca-
pabilities that are required to cope with
these issues, and
iii. pre+equisite programrns linked to sup
port the environmental concems.
At the time of prepaing the
Five Year Master Plan.
By DIARS in consultation
with DDC, VDCs, DPU and
line agencies.

I For details, please refer to DoLIDAR/DOC/02: lSocial

and Environmental Monitoring and Evaluation System for
Agricultural and Rural Roads'.

18 AppRoAcn FoR THE oEvELopMENr oF AGRrcuLruRAr. ANo RURAL RoAos

3.5 Time Frame for planning exercise
T[.re time frame to be followed as part of the approach is given in Schedule 1. As per the
schedule, the preparation of DTMP will take at least four and half months.

Schedule 1 : Tlme Flamelor Plannlng Ererclse

{o. ACTtOt{ NME SCHEDULE

YcatZeto
$mf,]l Ad?r Athol t(Idk Lmtlr ParlhltLil I Frhun
I 2 I 3tallt2t3 tatr
,rEsrafi natse lnfl:atve [h\aloornent Polcotel tlro
'Mmilrum lino nqdrad

llrlinlllltmraq'lktd

3.6 Sample Budget (for an average district having 53 VDCs)

Action AcUviU Ihtails Amount (NRs.)

I For one day distddlevel wokshop to identify Allorances : 40 x I x NRs. 300 12,000.00
the existing and potential development areas For tea and snacks 1,200.m
of the distric{
For purchasing maps (1:25,000 or 1:50,000) Lump sum 6,000.00
For stationery Lump sum 2,000.00

2 For one{ay district-level orientation workshop Panicipation Alloilance:63 x NRs 300 18,900.00
on data collection lor data colleclors For tea, snmks and other expenses 1,900.00
To collecl data on Format 'A
and Question- Oata Colleclion Allorance :
naire 'A for existing linkages. (Assumption : NRs.1000 x 23 (No. of VDCs) - Terai 23,000.00
For one VDC, 10 person{ays for Terai and 16 NRs.1600 x 3C (No. of VDCs)- Hills 48,000.m
persondays for Hills)
For stalionery and reproduction of formats and Lump sum 13,000.m
questionnaires

3 Reproduc-tion of Fomat'B' Lump sum 1,000.00

To collect data on Questionnaire 'A for nerY Data Collection Allorance :
linkages. (Assumption : For one VDC, 3 per- NRs.300 x 23 (No. of VDCs) - Terai 6,900.00
sondays fo Terai and 4 person{ays for Hills) NRs.400 x 30 (No. of VDCs) - Hills 12,000.00

4 Field visit by DIARS Enginea and Oversea for Allorancs 1 Odays x NRs.300(Engineer) 3,000.00
cross+hecking data in randomly selected Allowance: 2Odays x NRs.200(Overseer) 4,000.00
VDCs
For stationery Lump sum 3,000.00

5 For one day regional-level workshop to syn- Allowances : 3 x NRs. 300 x 3 days 2,700.00
chronise the draft district perspective plans TA : lump sum 1,600.00
(Assumption : 3 persons per district) DDC contdbution to workshop 2,000.00

6 For District Council Meeting Lump sum 3,000.00

7 For stationery Lump sum 2,500.00

Reproduction of District Perspective Plan and 6 copies x 2 x NRs.l,500.00 18,000.00
Dstrict Transport Master Plan

Sub-total 185,700.00
Contingencies (10%) 8,570.00
Total 204,270.00
at the rate of 1 US $=NRs. 67.35 say us$ 3,000

AppRoAc, FoR THE oEvEtopMENT oF AGRtct,truRAt ANo RURAL RoAos 19

3.7 Suggested Outline for the Report on District Transport Master
Plan

The following outline may be followed while compiltng the report on District Tiansport Master
PI3.".
.r,i[r ,'! i.} .*-" . -ar-rr- , , i"+.r-"' l.n-,i6:5r.- ge-t!t!..,:;;dEr:,r:- t
.'
F ,'.,'. 1t"'-':l
/i
(to be written by the Chairman of the concemed DDC)
T
't
t4 Acknowletlgernent
I
'.t
(to be written by the Chief of the concerhed DIARS)
t
;,
\::y:rroval oi' t.ire -)ir:trir:t Councit o{'t 13 i ir;;P
i
I
I i/'!agi o f Ll.:.:'t'1
t (highlight the concerned district)
1
:
Map of Districi
t
1
"(plitical)
.i Table of Comients
Abhraviations
Executive Sunr rrii!t\i
1. lntrcductiorr
1.1 Background
1.2 Obiectiveof DTMP
1.3 ScopeandLimitationofDTMP
1.4 ApproachandMethodoloEy

2. lndicative Devetopment Potential Map

2.1 SummaryDistrictProfile
2.2 Listof DevelopmentPotentialAreas
2.3 Briefs on Developmant PotentialAreas
2.4 RankedListofGrowthCentres
2.5 BriefsonGrowthCentres
2.6 lndietiw Development PotentialMap (IDPM)
3. District lnventory Map of Rural Road Net'work
3.1 Listof DistrictRoads fuith cdingt
3.2 Briefs on District Roads (salient featureg andition, required
interuention, ppulation serued, agricultunl prduction, tnde,
other suiocconomic benefits, etc.l
3.3 List of Mllage Roads (with coding)
3.4 Brief s on Villa ge Roads (sa lient foatu res, con diti on, req u i red
interuention, pqulation seled, agdcuftunl'prduction, trade,
other s@imconomic benefits, etc.l
3.5 List of Main Tra ils (with cdi n gl
3.6 . . Briefson Selective MainTrails (salient features, condition,
required interuention; gulation sewed, agricultunl ptoduction,
." trade, othersrcioeconoriichnetis, etc)- - : .

. .3:7. - ListofMllageJrails fuith ading) .i'!^1.i"i..'"'

20 AppRoAct FoR THE oEvEropMEr{T oF AGRTcuT.TURAL ANo RURAr noADs

 4. Perspective Plan of District Rural Road Network
4.1 Scoring System for Screening and Grading
4.2 Listof FeasibleNewLinkages (with respective weighted score
I and code)
t 4.3 Briefson FeasibleNewLinkages (salient features, population
E
I
production, tnde, other socio4conom ic
se rued, a griculru ra I
? benefits, etc.)
(
4.4 Possible lnterdistrict Linkages (vwite abut the linkages that are
i\. 4.4
synchronised with the linkages of adjacent distticts)
Perspective Plan of District Rural Road Network
i

{. '-. : :". I ,,-i...,.i?r Rural lJoad Master Flan r

I
5.1 Five-year Projected Fina ncial Plan T
t 5.2 Sharing of Funds (indicate the annual shares of funding for various
't
interuentions) {
t 5.3 Year-wise Ta l.gets (i ndicate the a nnua I ta rgets for va rious
F
\ inteNentions)
i
E
5.4 Prioritised District Roads (with cde
and required interuention)
I 5.5 PrioritisedVillage Roads @ith c&
and required interuention) F
I
5.6 Prioritised Main Trails (with code and required interuention)
5.7 Prioritised Vi la ge Tra ls (with code a n d req ui red i nte rue nti on)
t
I

5.8
I i

First Five-year Rural Road Master Plan

\
I
r
t
6.1 Other Re leva nt ss ues (p lea se b detly drbcuss oth e r i m porta nt
r'ssues, if any)
I
i!
6.2 Conclusion
I
t

A?pRoAcH FoR THE oEvEr.oplrEilr oF AGRTcuT.TURAL ANo RURAL RoAos 21

 CHAPTER

lmplementation

4.1 Steps to be followed in the implementation of rural road

sub-proiects

Action 8- 13 of the approach describe the steps to be followed in the implementation of rural
road sub.projects. They are detailed in this chapter.

For each sub-project, the DDC should agree on the implementation arrangement (or straregy)
with the respective VDC (or VDCs). Vhether the project will be executed by the users'
committees or by local contractors; whether the users will be mobilised by VDC or by local
NGOs; and who will be responsible for the procurement of materials, hiring of contractors/
consultants, quality conmol and supervision, monitoring and evaluation are some of the issues
to be sorted out during this exercise. The DDC could prepare a single, uniform strategy
which is applicable for ftve-year term, if DDC could consult all the VDCs togetheq possibly
in a meeting (or a workshop) held at district headquarters. However, the implemenration
strategy may differ from one district to anothen It certainly would depend upon various factors
(topographical and geographical nature; availability of labouq material and other resources;
existence of NGOs, local contractors and consultants; level of exposure to similar activities;
and level of the road users) affecting the individual district.

Process and Actlvlties :

l. Refer to the gtuen SPECIMEN IMPLEMEIITATION STRATEGY and modiff it as per
the district context (by OIARS Engine'er and DDC Planning Ofiicer).

ll. Obtain the consent for it ftom all concemed VDCs (by DDC Planning Officer; if such
post does not exist then by DIARS Engineer).

Responslblllty:
r The Distrlct lmplementation Strategy should be prepared by the District lnfrastructure
and Agricultural Roads Section and the DDC Ptanning Unit in 6lose consultation and
interaction with the respective VDCs. lt can be done in a oneday district-level
workshop partlcipated by alt the stakeholders (DDC, VDCs, NGOs, etc.).

Tlmlng:
o This action needs only one week. However, it should be done within the Ninth month
otYearZero,

AppRoAcH FoR THE oEvEr-opMENT oF AGRrcurruRAr ANo RuRAL RoAos 23

 The present practice of carrying out the preparatory work (survey, design, and preparation
of estimates, material/labour schedules, agreemenrs, contracts and tender documents) during
the same fiscal year is discouraged in this approach by scheduling such activities in the
previous year. Before the commencement of current fiscal year, all designs and cost-estimates
should be approved by the DDC. In other words, the budget for survey and design works of
the projects to be implemented in a particular year should be allocated for the preceding
fiscal year.

pbcesseiiAAdovitkis:: l:" ".'' "'l :,r1"'.,'

. lSf,.ConduCt detailed gngineering, socio-economic and environmentat'survey as per.the
nl
1ffi1 rectlrytcac oUioaiales : for: Ag ri cittunt' a h E Ri Roads' (by DTARS and
r. t.
t'
; llpPreparre.engineain$.{esl$s; costestirnates (use.lllIORKIVORI|SfoT Agrlcultunl
-'.,ffibaC
:g$$a;nC
nid
R.qnl noads?)*dgft
Roadsr)*dgft users cornmifiee agrggll
agreements (adopt SAMPLE 1A') and
.dfficont act docuents.(by DIARS or hired consuttrants).
'"t1.'.' ..

eiaparif Oudget, manpdrer;materlal, tools and equlpment requirements for the first

The formation and registration of users' committees, signing of agreements with the users'
committees, issuance of work orders could be done during the ftrst three months of the current
fucal year. At the same time, the DDC should complete the activities such as tendering,
selection of contractors/consultants/suppliers, and awarding of contracts that are necessary
for the involvement of private sector in the endre process.

'Iivo forms of road users' committees, namely District Road Users' Committee (DRUC) and
local Road Users'Committee (LRUC) are envisaged by this approach. Both the forms of
road users'committees should have their constitution and by.laws adopted by the concemed
communities and should be registered at the District Administration Ofrce (DAO). They
are required to enter into a Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) with DDC prior to the
exercising of their respective responsibilities.

DRUC, a disrict-level users' organisation, represents all road users of the disrrict and is
responsible for the overall development of district rural and agricukural road nerwork. It
ensures the beneftts to local communities and helps the DDC to raise the funds for road
construction and maintenance activities. DRUC advises the DDC on the formulation of
district-level policies regarding the maintenance of rural road network.

24 AppRoAcH FoR rHE oEvELopMENT oF AGRTcuLTURAT. ANo RURA[ noAos

LRUC, a local.level users'organisation, represents particular road alignment and is responsible
for the formation of local labour groups; implemenation of construction works; operation of
joint account with DIARS; ensuring the timely and proper payments to labourers; for storing
and proper utilisarion of materials, tools and equipment at the job sites; expediting the project
implementation; resolving the labour disputes at local level; and finally, undertaking the
maintenance works.

As per the time frame given in the approach, the activities such as orgnising awareness
campaigns for users, providing orientation to the local leaders and users' committees, and
conducting on-the,job training to contractors an{skilled crafumen should be carried out
during the rhird and fourth months of the fiscal year. The DDC could utilise these
opportunities for drawing up the construction work plans with the concemed parties (users'
commirree or contractor). The Human Resoutces Development Section (HRDS) of
DoLIDAR should conduct all regular staff training programmes during the fust trimester of
the frscal year. Coinciding with the monsoon and festivals, this will be the most appropriate
time for such activities.

A??toActi foR TtE oEVEtOPtrEtlT OF AGRlCUtlunlt ANo RURAL ROAO t 25

 r ;.Piocebs hnd Ac0vlffee'i11- ':

+,>;'l: Organise awareness campaigns and orientation programmes for useis and locat
..:7' leaders on the.implbmentation procedures and project information including project
cost-estimate,'construction work plan, wages. payment procedures, etc. Follow
1 GUIDELINES'D'. (by the stafiof DTARS).
grie-rs' committees: 6n labour.. mobilisation, construction skill

kr6il cdntractors on labour mobilisation,consbucffon planning and

managem'ent and.equifmenUtools utilisatlon (by the staff of

of '@nducting awareness campaigns, orientiation and training

'rhh#,lpnliglityusersfusers'@mmitteb6 and loc*rl conbactors lies with the Distsict
'.Agrlcultural Roadi.Section (O!ARS). The respective users,
nomhato the appropr,late personnd for snch programmes.

This approach provides a time frame up to a maximum of eight monttrs for construction.
That means, there is sufftcient time for proper engineering setting outs, procurement of
materials, undisturbed construction works, standard quality control practices and extensive
supervision. The hurried, ad-hoc construction pracrices that are being used ar presenr,
particularly during the last nvo months of fscal year, could easily be avoided if the given
approach is followed sincercly. It funher provides the flexibility required to consider the
additional construction requirements that have not been foreseen at the design stage.

26 Ar?RoAc, FoR rHE oEvEropMENr oF lGRrcur.TURAr lr{o RURAr Ro^os

 '- ?"- '
'lll. construction .work."'
' .:
useruifjcryhAtisPEcrclcA ndu
'
s'.cor Ag rt cultu ral arlil": I

M.

V. Settlement of paymentbllls (byOlARS).'

As per the given approach, it is necessary to carry out the public auditing by the communities
themselves in addition to the HMGN auditors. Once the community is satisfted with the
serviceabiliry (comfort, safety, etc.) of the transport linkage, the users' committee chairman
should sign the Project Completion Report that will be prepared by the technician.

AIPEOACII FOR THE OEVEI.OPUENI Of AGRICUTIURAI. ANO RURAI. ROAOS 27

4.2 Documents to be used during the implementation of rural roa(
sub-projects
E The documents listed in Table 3 and provided in Section III : Annexes for Chapter 4 should
be used during the implementadon of rural road sub.projects.

Table 3: Formats, Grltarla, Standards, Questlonnaires and Guldelines to be Used

Ac{ion Required 0ocuments Reler to

Acton8: r SPECIMEN IMPLEMENTATION STRAh o Annex lll-1

Oildning consentfo.tp Distid lmpl+ EGY - to preparc the Distrid lmplemen
rrntation Strategy hun lhe concemed tation Strategy.
VDCs.

Aston 9: r TECHNICAL GUIDELINES for Agticul- o DoLIDAR/ 0OCt05

Cmdud detalled sumys; Pepate en- tural and Rural Roads - for all projed ao
gineaing designs, d+slimales, corr. tivitits.
tracl dcuments and ffi
users'cotn r WORK NORIIS for Aghltural ad Ru- r DoLIDAR/ DOCIO4
mitlea Areerrnh h FIRST YEAR ral Roads - lot all proiect adivitl$.
r SAMPLE A-topreparedaflusers'ootTl-
o Annex lll-2
mittee agreement.

Acffon l0: r GUIDELINES'C' -forlomatimadreg- o Annex lll-3

Fomation and regisfation ol usets' ishdim ol uses' cornminees.
conrn{tees: Signing agreermb: ad r SAMPLE A -togepaedmtusets oom o Annex lll-2
lssrdrp work oders (c/ad hndedng, milee ageeo nt.
selecfar donfacbs atd at d dtg r SAMPLE'B' -topr@arelhemft oder. o Annex llH
@ntmis)forF|RSTYEAR. r CRITERIA'D - lo selecl lhe potaflial b o Annex lll-5
cal oontractors.

r GUIDELINES'D - lorconduding awae

. Annex lll€
Ac{on ll: ness raising campaigns.
Awareness raising. orientation and
baining d users' oonttttitlees ad on-
lrehls.

Acdon 12: r TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS fs A$r o DoLIDAR/ DOC03

Conshdim phase (new constudirn. orlturd ad Rural Roads - to follo!fl dur-
ehaUlitation, upgrading ad pedodic ing construclion phase.
maintenance).

Action 13: r SAMRE'C -topreparepoiecimmpl+

r Annex lll-7

Audiling and commissioning ol built tionqort.

t anspod linkages.

4.3 Environmental integration process during the implementation

phase

Environmental integration process will be more effective and meaningful when it is

implemented as a part of the given approach. The following actions are proposed in order
to incorporate the relevant environmental inputs at the appropriate implementation stages.
The process recommends the environmental mitigation measures to be followed during
construction phase. The proposed environmental integration processl is given in Thble 4.

t For &tails, please refer lo bLlDARlDOCn2.' Sodal and Environmental Monitoring and Evalualion System for
Agriolltural and Rural Roads'.

28 lrpRoAGm f oR rHE oEvEropnENT oF AGRrcurruRAr. AND RURAr noAos

 Table 4: Pttposed cnvlronmcntel lntegratlon p?oce3s
lntegradon SteP Procest and Acfidths Timc rnd
withres@to Reqonsibllity

Acilon 8: Follow Procedun a'giran in dmlmentt. When prepadng he

Preparatkm of Environmen- Use Map of EnviromEnt Sensitive Areas. lmplarcntation
$@q!:
td &iefsdllB tasPottlink4c h' Use env{mnnentd in mnatbn Stiined dw- Strategy, i.e., before

duded in the Five Yea Master Plau ingAc{lon 2,44d 5. stading he engineedng
sttdy.

By DPU.

Steo ll : Envircnmenhl Screening o Use Map of Envkmm€nt Sensitave Areas: Plirx to he Detailed Sur-
and Scoping of lhe transport link- Envionmental Brids prepared as per Pro' Yeys.

ages induded in lhe Five Yea Mas" cedure'A'; Environmenlal Regulation

ter Plan. (Scteen ad Scope at lest
hme links to be imdeflEnted in fle
coming year. Remaining linkages
may be screened in the following
rrr.)
(1997): Gazetted EIA Guidelines. By DPU with the assist-
o Disorss nith rdet att line agencies. ance of line agencies
o Categcise linkages into fiose cquidng: ard DIARS.
o noElAalEE
cr lEE,atrd Use lhe Procedure 'B'
o ElA. given in doanmentt.
lf EIMEE is not requied, hdcate applic+
He environrnental con*lerdkns.
lf IEE a EIA is rcquiod Ldicate mah bsues
d concern.

Acilon 9: o Use of dtecklists, mat'rces, netYuofts and At survey and design

S!eO-! : IEE a EIA SMY
SMy a overlays. stage.

no environmental assessment as o Use Quettlonnrlrc'B', ProcGdurc '8'

da*ted by Step lldAc{lon 8. (girren in doomentt) ad EIA Guiddines. By DIARS (thrutgh cct-
o Group d[sotss'rnswih elgetts. sultant or o0er rneans).
o lnputs in linalisittg he dignment.
o lnprh in designing he measures lot mi0g+
tion, construdirn, operation and manage
ment pradioes.
o Deuelop p{eci+edfc SEME Plan.

Sleo ll : Review d IEE or EIA Re, o Use Procedurc'D'(gluen in doomantl)lc Dudng the sub-project
porb. raiaring the IEE leports. appooval prooess.
r Ministry of Population and Environment
(MoPElwill revia,he Eh rcpoth as pethe ReviardElA epons by
Envitonmental Proteclion Act (1996) and MoPE.
Regulation (1997). Revtav of IEE of distitl
roads by R|OS and
olher rural roads by
DPU.

Aclion l0: o Use the SEME Pla rccommended bY the Belorc construdion b$
IEE or EIA studY. gins.
Mutual consensus among the line
agencies, DDC, VDC and Users' o Disclss among @ncemed parties on lheir
Cmrpe m Envionmaul iiionitoittg respeclive rcsponsibilities. By DPU.

and Evaluation responsitili$es dur'

ing the construdion.

Aciion 12: o Follor the agreed plan mentioned in Acdon Dudng construdion pe-
Caryrng ort the ageed SEME Plan 10. riod.
forconstruclion.
8y the concerned par-
ties.

I For details. please rcfer to hLIDAR/DOC02: ':social and Environmental Monitoring and Evaluation system for
Agrio.rltural and Rural Roads'.

APPROACH FOR THE OEVETOPlrENI OF AGRICUTTURAT ANO NURAT NOADS

29
4.4 Time Frame for implementation phase
The time frame to be followed during the implementation phase is given in Schedule II.

Scheduh il : fimc Frame lor lmplemenlation Phase (FlFSf YEAF)

Irb. ACIION TIIIE SCHEOII.E

Yelr 2roo i?il Yail
Chrlin &Lh*l JG.iln lL.rdt Slrrrrn tltrdn Athol I l(Ifi

h ACItot{ ITGSO{EIXI-E
FlrdY-
Ixgrr I P$ri I Lgh I FdSn I Orlrr I 3rilrl .Hr I lrdr

g Condd d.tsLd drv.'q Pne.n afioo,tto

rhirr3 d{.tnab. cmm &qlrprb rnd
(ill!.ccoilS.{rultnbbr . Sffil Yaarra a.{ili-
SEOODYTAR

{o lfirot{ NTESOETXI.E
llmlYo
9rffirl Ar.ir Adrol Irril ll.le.} Prdr IlrO I FJt'l
2 12 t 2t { l2l

t0 Fdllr.lim,!.g.8traocr 0r utcr coilrtraao:

srf,ro rolalglll ru Eauho uofi 010rs (o, I:fuY.ar'rrh,lta.
dcoilrblbSECO{OYIAR
l.Sffilrth./..dli&

APPNOACII FOR THE OEVEI.OPlrENT OF AGRICUIIURA! ANO RURAI. ROADS

 CHAPTER

Operation
Maintenance
5.1 Action to be taken for O&M of agricultural and rural roads
Action 14 of the apptoach addresses the issue of opetalior. ar.d, maitkntance. The
commitments made by the users (or VDC), at the time of project requesr, should be
coruidered as one of the criteria for drawing up the srategy for maintenance. The DDC
should take the lead role in preparing the maintenance straregy with the consensus of all
concemed. The responsibility of routine and periodic maintenance could be divtded benrreen
the VDCG) and the DDC. Other possible bin"tions are as'follows: users' committee
"o
Vs. VDC; users'@mmittee Vs. DDC; local NGO Vs. DDC. As a result, the maintenance
arangement of one proiect may vary from that of another. Howeveq, District Infrastnrcture
and Agricultural Roads Section (DLARS) would be responsible for taking care of technical
aspects conceming the maintenance activity.

Since most of the rural areas do not have enough ruml roads which could be labelled as
'standardised operational roads' the prioritised need for road maintenance does not exist in
many districts. Maiority of the existing rural roads require a grear deal of rehabilitation or
upgrading in order to bring them up to the required standards. Rehabilitation of such simple
tracks could be even considered as 'new constructiort' since it involves almost the cost of a
new toad. These roads either lack the required number of structures or do not have them
at all. Therefore, no special pre,condition like 'llain.erurnae of uistingr@^ is duJtm
furity
is enforced under this approach. Howeveq the districts which are having a subsantial length
of standardised roads could consider the enforcement of such a pte.condition if it is felt
essential by the concemed DDG.

't??RoAGtt FoR THE oEvEtopllGllr oF AGRtcutruRAt lilo nuRAt RoAo6 31

 5.2 Documents to be used during the operation and maintenance
phase

-- The documents listed in Table 5 and provided in Section IV : Annexes for Chapter 5 should
be used during the operation and maintenance phase.

Table 5: Formatcr Criterlar Standardr, Questionnalrec and Guldallnes to bc Used

Acfon Requlrcd Documcnb Refuto

Ar{on ll: r SPECIMENOPEMTIONANDMAINIE- o Annex lV-l

Re*hing @nsensus m the Operatim MNCE STMTEGY - to gepare te
& Maintenarce Strategy(DMdm dla Operation & Maintenance Strategy of
sponsibilities) among the concerned eadt subproied.
padies (UC, VDC, DDC)

5.3 Environmental integration process during the O&M phase

The fcillowing step6 are proposed in order to incorporate the relevant environmental inpus
at the operation and maintenance stage. The proposed environmental integration processl
is given in Thble 6.

Table 6: Propored rrwhonmcntat lntogratlon pnoe...

lnhgnthnSlrp hocccr rnd Acthridel Tlmc rnd
wtlh rcsped h RecponrlblllS

Acffon 14: o UsellpSEMEPla rccommadedbyhe At fite end of consffnc-

Steo I : Reaching mutual onsensus IEE c Eh study. Uon.
anorq lhe line agencies, DDC, VDCa o tlsors arnng onoerned palies m their
and Users' Groupc m SEME rcspcr- rcspective mspoltsitrilifies. ByOFU.
s&ifitiec during lheoperalim ad main-
tanance.,

Steo ll : Caryhg ort the ageed SEME o Follow he agreed fla mentimed in Step Dudng operation and
Plar loroperdiolr ad maintenanoe. t. ma'ntenane.
Bytrconened
paties.

5.4 Time Frame for O&M phase

The time frame to be followed during the operation and maintenance phase is given in
Schedule III.
Sdtatdc [l : Tlnr Fnmc lor O&X Pha$ (FTPST YEAR)
b, rciln ITGSCTCTXTE
a*wlYr
9rrr eidr Adrol xdr ltm.lt Prdr llrCt F{ur
i I a I i t a I I
1t Rdiqm*urmhOp.rldml
fgrrm ffi9, (I)itib.r d r!.goi{|56}
m'0!lcdBnarn.rt.l0f.U)c,0()c1

t Foihtails, please nferto hLIDAR/DOC/02.' tocial and Environmanbl Monitolng and Emluaton System for
Agloltural and. Rural Roads'.

72 At?roAcr FoR TrE oEvEr.opuElrr oF AGnrcurruRAr ANo RURAr RoAos

Detailed Programme
for DDC's five-year term
According to the given APPROACH, Action 9 to 14 will be repeated for the remaining four
yearc as indicated in the Schedule IV.

Sc{rcdule U : DEIAILED PROGRAilf,E lot DDC'I fitt+ycar hm

(ffiitfr?O to UE gtuen APFROACH)

rgnoil TITE TGIIEDUIC

ih. Ye,rZato Flrd EI ecoft Year
6t7t0tttrolu zl5 ta ll 7 tE l8 7lE

rcnox TITE TGTIEDULC

tlo. Thid Year Irrfi Yaar F E'
rl213l{ 5t6t/t6tgtrunr a 3 t 5 I I I I 2 I a G I 6 E t0llt z I
 The following schedule clarifies the ftve-year terrn of DDC against the time frame of Five.
year District Tiansport Master Plan (DTMP). According to the definition given here, rhe
current DDC prepares the First Five-year Master Plan during its ftrst year tenure (Year Zero)
and implements the plan for the next four years. The succeeding DDC shall be responsible
for implementing the activities planned for the ftfth year of the First DTMP while preparing
the Second Five.year Plan during its 6rst year renure.

Fhleyeal Tcrm ol DDC Va Tlmc lrame ol Dlrflct Transport llaster plan (Dllrlp)
Cahnda Yea aEt 2055 2056 M7 zE8 2059 2060 206r M2 2063 t 206.

YC,,r! pC?trta Appfoach Zerc Firct S€ooo Iharu Fo{tl Fitrr

Tem d lst lcur€ntl DoC
Iim6 ftam6 ol First DlllP

Ycrt pcrthc Approach Zero FiGI Secondl lhird Forilr Filh

Tem d2nd (n6xll ODC
Trme Fnme ol Seoond DIIIP

YO?rt Pa?tlCADpmrcn terc

Tem ol 3rd DDC

I : indicahs lhe year sp€d lor he preparalbn ol Fiveyear DIUP

Since one year of the current DDC's term has already been elapsed the ftrst DTMP may be
prepared only for four years.

+i

U A??noAclr Foe rHE oEvEropilEirr oF AGRrcu[ruRAr. ANo RURAr RoAos

 Section Il
Annexes for Chapter 3
 Annex II-1

GUIDETINES'ff
for preparing Indicative Development Potential Map (IDPM) of distria
To be used bythe District Planning Unit (ffnot, bythe DIARS)

A. Obiective

The objective of lndicative Development Potential Map is to show different areas and sites in the
distria that offer significant potential for development.

B. Steps

t. Prepare a District Base Map in l:25,000 scale or in l:50,000 scale (preferably in l:25,000 scale if
topographical map of the same scale is amilable). The Base Map should show:

o VDCsA4unicipalhies with their boundaries;

. large settlements;
o National strategic roads, eisting district roads and trails;
o important water bodies (rivers, lakes, etc.); and
. important historic and religious places.

2. Obain information regarding location and significance of development potential areas in ttre
disrict.

a) Rural development potential areas, typically include:

. areas with extensive agicuhure;

o areas with extensive horticukure:
. areas wittt high potential for livestock farming;
. areus with h'rgh potentialforfisheries;
. areas with potentialfor high ralued cash crops;
. arei$ suitable for cottage and agro-based industries:
o potential centres for business/commerce/markets:
o potential areas for tourism:
o potential sites for development of hydropower and water mills:
o potential sites for mining:
o potentialservice centres e.g. hospital, school. campuses;
. important forest areas; and
o others (specify)
b) Obtain the information from the eisting available ,or..ur, for example;

o maps (topographical maps, district administrative maps, trail map, forest map, geological
map, etc.),
o relevant literature/study reports, and
o conduct an extensive consultation with various pecons like employees of different line
who are likely to have
agencies, NGOs, elected representatives, businessmen, etc.
knowledge about such areas. The information obtained through the process of

Anncx ll-l : Guictelines'A' 1

 consultation should be cross-checked and whenever doubt exists, DPU (or DIARS) should
send someone to the concerned area for quick verification.

3. The collected information should be plotted on the Base Map indicating their geographical
boundaries as accurately as possible. Base Map on which all the development potential areas and
sites are plotted is the draft lndicative Development Potential Map (IDPM) of the district.

4. Prepare a brief note on each plotted area of development potential. The description should
highlight the nature and size of the area.

5. Present the draft IDPM and the coresponding brief notes to the District Offices of the line
agencies and other concemed parties for comments. This could be done in a one-day workshop
organised at the district headquarters. Based on the feedback (review, comments, etc.) from the
concerned parties, refine the map and corresponding brief notes.

6. On the basis of refined IDPM and corresponding briefs, prepare a list of existing and potential Key
Growth Centres. Rank all GroMh Centres according to the following criteria.

Criteria lndicator Relativc Wcirht

I Eristing lnfrestructura! llctwork 20
o Linkagg with major road 6
a Access to elearkry 3
o Access to tehphone 2
a H'8h schoolrboarding 2
o College I
o Hosptalrhealth post 2
o Goaemment oflice faolrties 2
o to bankrnq facrlites
Access 2
I Ccntral locadon t0
0 Central to at least 3-,1 VDG (3 VDG for hills and ,t VDG for Terai) 6
0 Possibh future linkase wth other villases 4
m Potcntial for thc Commcrtid Agriculturc 2!t
o Arcess to imgation facility 4
o Access to rural eharicity 3
o Arcess or potential access to inpuVoutput marketing 4
o Potential for produaion of high valued cash croplntensirc agrkufture 6
o Potential for the derrclopment of agro-based rndustries 3
o Possibility of commercral lnestock expansion 3
o Closeness to service centres 2
IY Potentid for llon-agriculturd Grwth !0
0 Potential for the development of cottage rndustnes 5
0 Potential for the dewlooment of small/arse scale rndustrns 5
Y Potcntlel for Market Dcvclopment t5
o Rapirl[ growrng towards marketing activrtres 3
a Connechng route to important business centres 4
o Connecting route to tourEt areas 4
o Access to other market places I
YI Phpicd Sctting of the location t0
0 Capacity to ab,sorb settlement expanson 2
0 Less prone to natural disasters 3
0 Arces or possibdry for the access to suflicient water 3
0 Potential future access to se\ rerape dboosal 2
YI Partncrship Attitudc of thc Pcoplc l0
o Mutual acceptance for the place by malor politiczl parties I
o Readiness and support for peoples' partkipatbn at local lerrel 4
a lnterest and co-operation of the oolitkal bodies 2
fotal t00

Anner ll-l : Guidelines'A' 2

7. Submit the ranked list of Key Growth C-entues to the DDC for approval. Plot approved GroMh
Centres on the refined IDPM.

8. Submit Iinal version of the lndicative Development Potential Map with the marked Key Growth
Centres and respective briefs to the DDC for approral. lndicative Development Potential Map
and the accompanying brie6 approved by the DDC will be used as a basis for rural transport
network planning in the subsequent stages.

Legend :

The symbols given in the next page :Ire recommended for use in the preparation of lndicative
Development Potential Map.

Annex fl-i : Guidelines'A'

 ' leeend Svmbol

Boundary of a VDCfMunicipality
- Number each VDC/l4unicrpalty.
- Tabulate all VDGfMunicipalites at the nght sde of the map.
Distna Headquarters
o
VDC Centre
*
Large settlement "i'r r .'
'' !-rr r
National strategic road
-I-
Exsting district road a-l-

Exinrng main trarl

RlerlStream

* LakelPond

+ Religiotrs certre (temple/monastery/church/mcqrc)

Area (existing/potential) with extensive agicutture

Area (existrng/potential) wrth exterrn€ lrorticuhure

@
Area (existng/potentral) wrth lrrrestock farming
D
Area (existing/potentia) with fisheries

Area (exsting/potential) wth high wlued cash crops

TI
(D
Forest area
'r[flililill
r Centre (existing/potentral) for agro-based irdtrstries *
+ Centre (exining/potentral) for cottage irdustries o
+ Potential srte for hydropower deraelopment I
*
*
Potental srte for minrng I
Potential srte for tounsm +
* Exrsting/potential centre for br.rsiness/commerce/market A
+ Weekly bazaar
+ Exrsting/potential servrce centre (hosprtalAclool/campus) +
*
*
ExistrnS Key Growth Centre
a
Potential Key Growth Centre
a

Anner ll-l : Guidetines'A' 4

 Annex II-2

NEPAL RURAT R.OAD STANDARD (2oss)

The Classffication of Rural Transport Linkages

ln line with the His Majesty's Govemment of Nepal's decentralisation policy, the overall
responsibility for planning, construction (new, rehabilitation and upgrading) and maintenance (periodic and
routine) of the ruraltransport linkages lies with the concemed District Development Committees (DDG)
under the policy advice and guidance of the Ministry of Local Development (MLD). The Department of
Local lnfrastructure Development and Agricuhural Roads (DoLIDAR) of MLD through its decentralised
institr.ltions, viz. Regional lnfrastructure Development Sections (RlDSs) and Distria lnfrxtructure and
Agricuhunl Roads Sections (DlARSs) holds the technical responsibility for the development of rural
transport network in the country. This document, 'Nepal Rural Rud Sundzrd (2055)', provides the
classification and other general standards for Rural Transport lletwork and shall be followed by all
concemed (users, users'committees, \DG, DDCs. DlARSs, RIDSs and DoLIDAR) in developing the rural
transport linkages in Nepal.

The standarrds for Strategic Road iletwork (National Highwap, Feeder Roads) and Urban Roads
urhich are under the jurisdiction of Department of Roads (DOR) are excluded in this document but are
available inthe 'Nepal Road Standard (2027) . kcond, Reuision'.

1.0 General

t.t Nepal Rural Road Standard (NRRS) shall apply to all rural transport linkages (roads, trails and rope
ways) being constructed within the Kingdom of Nepal. The roads other than that of National
Strategic Road Network (National Highways, Feeder Roads) and Urban Roads are considered x
rurd transport linkages, along with the trails and rope ways.

1.2 Under very special circumstances (e.g. an alignment along a highty unstable, landslide-prone area in
hills or a path over a flood dam in Tera), His Majesty's Govemment of Nepal may waive these
standards.

r.3 The initial traftic volumes (counted or projected) on most of the rurd transport linkages are
generally low but are expected to rise considerably over the {irst 5- 10 years as a resutt of newly
opened up access to development functions. Therefore, the linkages that are initially opened up
should have the in-buih provision for further improvements to meet the rising demand of traffic
volumes.

1.4 These considerations conclude that the rural transport linkages should be designed for stage
construction, beginning with the lowest standard and gradually upgrading to the highest possible
standard. Upgrading, or in other words, gradual modification to the existing standard shall be done
as and when the delined criteria for such action is completely satisfied.

r.5 At any development stage of the rural transport linkage, it must operate with the desired traffic
volume at the lowest cost per kilometre. The overall annual cost shall comprise of:

i. the amortised cost of the original investment for the linkage andlor that required to upgrade it
to the stage under consideration (per vehicle-kilometre);

Annex ll-2 : Nepal Runl Road Slandard (2055) 1

 [. the annual cost of maintaining the linkage (per vehicle-kilometre):

il|. " the annual cost required to operate the linkage (per vehicle-kilometre).

2.O Clasiflcadon of Rural Transport Linkages in Nepal

2.1 All rural transport linkages in Nepal are classified into {ive classes. These classes could generally be
separated into three categories, as given below.

o two classes in Road category

o two classes in Trail category, and
. one class in Rope way category

).2 The criteria for the classification of rural transport linkages are as follows:

l. by the function ol linkage

Based on the strategic functions (national integration, public security, access to highly
potential deralopment areas - agricutture, tourism. rural hydro power. inigation. cottage
and micro industry, mining, etc.) or as per the public demand on the localised services
(marketing, health, education, rural electrification), the class of rurd transport linkage shall be
decided. Refer to the CRITERIA 'B' for rarious considerations applicable for grading.

2. by the leval ofusens

When the link is neuly opened up for a particular area. the users begin to grow in number
as well as the means of usage differs with the increase in opportunities. As a resuh, the
composidon of users becomes more and more complex and the need for an upgrading of
linkage will arise. The class of rurd transport linkage shall be upgraded when the CRITERIA
A is fulty satisfied.

3. by the traflic volume

The traffic volume is the ultimate resuh of having a transport linkage. lt has a direct
relationship with the geometric (dimensions) and technical standard (earthen, gravelled.
paved) of the linkage. \A/hen the traffc volume increases above the design capacity. the
linkage shall be considered for upgrading based on the CRITERIA A'.

4. by the topography

The topography of the tenain influences the selection of a particular class of linkage. For
example, a linkage trrough an erwironmenally sensitive area in hills may be taken up as a
trail and a linkage through a highly dfficuh mountainous region may be a rope way.

a W'rth the increment of tnffic rclume. thc need for upgrading the linlop b to irrrease the safety and lourcr the (i| ard (iif. lf
shndards are not raised as per the rsage. then (i) shall decrease but there shall be a heavy resuhant ircrease in (i) and (iii).

Annex ll-2 : Nepal Runl Road Standad (2055) 2

2.3 The five classes of the rurd transport linkages are defined respectively as follows:

A Rural Road Class'A'(Rn$ - DISTRICT ROAD

o All rurd roads which connect one or more major Gror,tdh Centres (market, tourism
centre. industry, etc.) or several \DG with the headquarters of the
same/neighbouring district,
+ directly or
through the NationalStrategic Road Network.
=
B. Rural Road Class 'B' (RRB) - VILLAGE ROAD

o All rural roads which connect a Vllage Derdopment Commiftee Centre (VDQ with
any one of the following:
=l anotherVDC Centre
+ Nationalstrategic Road Network
district road
=
+ a major Grornnh Centre of the same/neighbouring district.

o All agricultural roads which connect a farm with a mini-market centre or a agro-
based production centre (sugar factory, food processing factory, etc.). For details,
referto CRITERIA'B'.

o All rural roads which connect a place of a village (river ghat, mini-market centre,
school, heahh post, residential area, community forest, mill, factory, rural hydro
power plant, a series of tube wells, etc.) witr any one of the following:
+ VDC Centre of the village
:> another place within the VDC
+ a place of the neighbouring \DC
:+ Nationalstrategic Road Network
= district road.
C. Rural Road Class'C'(RRC) - MAN TM|L

o All major non-motorable fooVmule trails which connect a \DC Centre whh any one
of the following:
+ the district headquarters of the same/neighbouring district
+ NationalStrategic Road Networt
district road
=
+ village road
:+ anotherVDC Centre
+ a major GroMh Centre of the same/neighbouring VDC.

D. Rural Road Class 'D' (RRD) - V|L|-AGE TRAIL

o All minor non-motorable fooVmule trails which connect a place of a village with any
one of the following:
+ VDC Centre of the village
+ another place within the VDC
a place of the neighbouringVDC
= NationalStrategic Road Network
=

Anner ll-2 : Nepal Runl Road Standard (2055) 3

 diftrict road
= village road
:+
+ main trail
+ anothervillage trail.

E. Rural Road Ctass 'E'(RnB: ROPE WAY

o ln the high mountainous region where construction of trails (with sufticient width) is
impossible, rope ways shall be considered. One of the main purposes of such rope
wa;a would be the transportation of goods (consumer items, fuel, fertiliser,
agricuhural and livestock products) to and from the pocket areas where high ralue
crops are being produced. However, the amortised cost of construction and the
annual cost of operation and maintenance of rope way shall be justified by the
mcrease{socio-economic benefis of the areap.

R.sral Road Clas'A'

RRA
District Road

CLASSIFICATION OF RUML TMNSPORT LINKAGES

RunlRoad Gas'C'
RRG
R,unl Road (lrtt'p' Main Tail
RRD
Vllage Tail

R,unl Road Clas'E'

RRE
RopeWay

3.0 Traffic

3.t It is notlinancially viable to improve the standard of a rurd transport linkage by a small margin since
the heavy cost involved does not justft the marginal benefts. Therefore, it is the accepted
pnake to design and constnrct new transport linkages or upgrade the existing ones that are
suitable of undertaking a higher traffc volume which is anticipated at some future date. For rural
transport linkages in Nepal, this projected period shall be considered as l0 years.

3.2 Various types of vehicular and pedestrian traftic occupy the surface of rural transport linkage and
impose different loads on the structure. Therefore, it is necessary to quantifi the various traffic
volumes in terms of a standard traffic unit, called 'Transport Unit (l'U)' or the Passenger Car

Thb wnbn of Nlepal Runl Road Standard does not corer the technial standards required for the Runl iotd Class
,E bgt
herefu rnakes the provision for lLir-rre revbbn wtren the need arises.

Anner ll-2 : Nepal Runl Road Standard (frSS)

 Unit (PCU)' which is de{ined as the traffic caused by a normal car, light van, jeep or a pick-up
travelling at a speed of 40 kmA.

3.3 Tlre composition of traffic and the respective traffic coefficienb are given below. These coefficienb
shall be followed during the designing process. (Applicable only for Rural Road Class A and 'B').

Type ofTrafiic Transport Unit

rTU)
Can. liptrtrans. ieeos and oick-uos r.0
Lisht fucb up to 2.5 tonnes gross r.5
Trrrk uo to l0 tonnes gross 3.0
Trrla uo to 15 tonnes qross 4.0
4W Tnaortornred trailers - stardard 3.0
2WTraaortovrrcd trailers - shrdard t.5
&ses up to 40 passerEers 3.0
Buses orer 40 passengem 4.0
Bicydes 0.5
Ricklnurs ard ticrrcles carrying eoods r.0
Grr oulledbrshed bv the human beings 2.0
&lllock carB with oneurnatic tyre wtEeh 6.0
fullock carts wifr uooden urheels 8.0
Mule carE or horse draum cars 6.0
Pack anirnals and mules 2.0
Pedestriars walkinfl on the link 0.2
Portec walkirn on fie link 0.4

3.4 Composition of traftic is one of the key elemenb that determines tre staMard of a rural transport
linkage. The length of the longest vehicle plying along the rural tansport linkage would be one of
the factors that dilines the geometric stantJards of the linkage. For enmple, the longer the vehide
wider the caniageway width is required at the bends.

3.5 Volume of traffic shall be considered while frxing the design standards of a rural trangport linkage as
the linkage needs to accommodate the estimated number of Transport Units. Traflic volumes are
generalty the Annual Average Daity Tratrc (AADT). While fxing the design standarrds, however,
Ihe other factors like arailability of funds, land use pattem of either sides and the restrictions
imposed by the nature (forest, water ways, steep hill sloPes, etc.) shall be considered. The more
the number of traffic, wider is the caniageway width required as there would be frequent passing
and overtaking manoeLrvres.

4.0 Design Standards

4.t Design Capacity : (Applicable only for Rural Road Class A and 'B')

Design capacity (Design Service Volume) shall provide the basis for determining the class of the
rural road. The rur{ roads are classified in Seaion 2.3 on the basis of connectivky. However, in
order to ensure the serviceability of the road, the class may change depending upon the volume of
traftic (counted or projected). For example, a road classffied as 'B' on the basis of connectMity
might te changed into a class 'A road, if the volume of traffic is found to be higher. Design
Capacrty shall further provide the criteria for determining the
intenals of lay-byes (pxsing zones).

Anner ll-2 t l,tepal Rura.l Road Standard (2055)

4.2 Design Speed : (Applicable only for Rural Road Class 'A' and 'B')

When the design speed is higher, the design standards should be of higher order which ensures
., the road safety, capacity, comfort and decreases the users' operational expenditure. The choice of
design speed, however, would be influenced by the class of road. traffic volume, available budget
and the terrain.

4.3 Terrain : (Applicable only for Rural'Rciad Class 'A', 'B', 'C' and 'D')

The terrain through which the rural transport linkage passes direaly influences the selection of
geometric standards (formation width, carriageway width, right of way, free board, radius of
horizontal curyes, gradient, intervals of passing zones, etc.). Depending upon the terrain, the
factors such as land use pattem of either sides,.availabilrry of land, the restrictions imposed by the
nature (forest, steep hill slopes, rapid-flow water ways, complex geological structure, etc.) would
\ary considerably thereby goveming the choice of many geometric standards. For example, a
road in hills may suffer due to the limitation in land arailability whereas a road in Terai may not face
such dfficulty.

4.4 Design Standards : (Applicable only for Rural Road Class 'A, 'B', 'C'and 'D')

Below mentioned standards shall be followed while designing the ruraltransport linkages.

s. Dcslgn Parztnctcrt Oass'[ Class'B' Class'C' Class'D'

]lo. Disrict Road Villape Road Main Tnil Mllagg Tnil
Hill Tcrei Hitl Icni
t. lhrip oglrity- in bo0 dinctiont 100 t00 r00 lm
lUrhirt mr drvlT.ll m dtl It00l m00l 0001 Itml
l. Duin mrrd lkn oniou) l0 {0 r3 t0
3. iirhofmr.rithr li&frora fn mad amt (ot) t0 t0 1S IJ l.t t5
t. fomrtin rid0 (m) - indudo 0.6 m dnia4r t t.0 6.0 1.0 4J 1.0 tl
0.la nnoa rikh uill h hot uhraet ndrd.
l. Crnirnmrridfr (n) 3.0 3.0 3.0 t.0 1.0 rl
6. tholldn ridti. ritia *h (nl t.0 ts OJ 0.rs 0 0
t. hviqthadrn rudrcc by Erohn mos Gnvdliqor llonr llom llonr llonr
orGnvd Brick lolinr
E. llidoun ndiul in hodronalorn (m) t0 l0 t0 l0
9. lluimun rvrnm radhnt 061 I s I
10. lluioum rndimt (95) ll I r2 I
il. [rdn3 ol gndicm la wrry 5ll0 n iommcot in 0J0 0.50
eltindt (nn olruinr)
ll. l'lininuo 3ndimtoo till m& (tuhnr I
dnineol l*l
B. tru Eoud ftom Hl[ (m) OJ (lJ (lJ 05 0.5 0.t
l|. ilinimrar rtoooinr rirht dirumr {ml 20 t0 IJ 30
t5. Cmr rhor in anirrcrrv ambn (96) { I 5 I
t6. Oos ftoc $ouldcramhr (96)
in s 5 s 5
tI. hnirmvev n'd0 rt cllrcrt/bddrf (nl 1.0 !.0 !.0 3.0 1.0 ll
t8. Dinm$onr (wid0 r hngti) ol try-futr/psinj 1.0 r l0 t.0 r l0 1.0 r l0 1.0 r l0
roncr (m r m)
t9. ley-bny'oardor mm rrim rt inumlol (ml t00 gm t00 500 rrA

t...........Sr.rpetrbn or suspended brilges are rpt corsidered.

Anner ll-2 : Nepal Runl Road Standard (2055)

 Annex I[-3

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 Annex II-4

QUESTTONNAIRE ',4',
for conducting Rapid Rural Appraisal Surveys
on Socio-economic Benefis of the Existing/Proposed Transport Linkage

A PRO|ECT tDENntrcAnOil

t. (a) Name of Transport Linkage:

(e.g. Halesi-Devithan Rural Road)
(b) Classification of the Linkage, if known:

2. Type of Project 6ficf< E the appropriate box)

(a) Development of completely new transport linkage n

(b) Upgrading of the existing linkage tr
. Existing transport linkage type: .........

o Proposed transport linkage type: .........

(c) Rehabilitation of the existing linkage n

(d) Periodic maintenance of the existing linkage tr
3. Location and Route:

(a) Name of VDCs and main settlements served by the linkage:

o settlements touched by the linkage:

o settlements not touched but within the influence/service area: .........

(b) Map or sketch of the location and service area

. Using PM, draw a sketch in a separate page (or on the overleaf of this page) showing
the route of transport linkage. main settlements, important natural and man-made
features in the influence area. (Also mark these on a topographical map if available,
preferably on l:50,000 or l:25,000 map.)

Annex fl{ t Questionnairc'A' 1

 gqrflzl.fi 'EF' (Questionnaire'A')
dg<rffi{d qklrqkr q"nffi
6d rlfftsf ffiqf (Rapid Rural Appraisal)

?F'.. anffiqf6qm
1. ( a[) gEnffi qr*
zlk1Frffi
Gr<rr<q 6nfr efr qn rrrftor rsot
( 3tt) rnilprkr gqrffi {rftrror (qm+rft lTqcrt:

e. qrffi i+firc GrcTtr"otdrcr Fr€E qrnsi u

(a[) totflr rqt qrarqrc aurrffi ksru tr

(qD dlg<r zrnum sqrffi Kffi n
o dlg<r zIkIFkr wnffi F+fuc:

o r<f+e qkmln cqrfr+f fufuc:

G) dl-fc qrcrqm crflffi 1-{Ficilr (Rehabititation) tr

ttl dfg<r r<rrrm cqrffi 3[r<k+, q+a-dqR (Periodic Maintenance) D

1. PrFr iTrn rd (Route)

(3r) rrrrFrrr cqrfr{re {t{fi Tri (.lt.s. ( {q qrd Tdr6{ tqatc

qkrFrrr eqrftn dq6r rrd T*6r:
rrkrFrrr cqrftn adqqr rrrd Tfrtft

(3[r) t<r TA eHr*r

o ramftrorero rrftlr ncdqr (pRR) arruFrqr d r{
qnrd re[E srqsr cror*, d
qkrFlkr clnffi tsrq?, sg dir+r qe rfrrc, fr-dtut crdffo sr fiTctq q@
erFrft ?ffi rrft +cr +& ?riHI irrr{ crrlate I 1:loooo ?tr l:R{ooo rRI grritEu rrwr
*fi rwrcr foa rtils r

crir{fr'6;--T
 GENERAL SOCIO.ECOTIOI.IIC SITUATIOil OF THE I}IFIUEilCE AREA

OveMew of settlements in the influence area

Settlement Namc of Settlement Household and GeneralComment

Coder Pooulation
A (e.g. Deurali Vllage, (e.g. HH = 49 (e.g. local bazaar, weekly market,
Malika\lDC-3) Pop..= 29!) servf ce19.1trgr.l-choo_l,.hglpkl,.-e.l..c..,,).....
B

* Use the same codes as in PM map and topographicalmap.

5. Economic activities/main occupation

Settlement Number of Hll and Percentage of Population engaged in

Code Agriculture labour & Business/ Cottage Go/ilGO Otherc
(as in 4l & Livestock Porter Commerce lndustrv Emolovees (soecifvl
A e.g. HH=65 HH= l0 HH=20 HH=8 HH=3
Vo =70 96:10 i6 :10 Vo =8 %=2
B

Annex ll4 : Questionnairc A' 2

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rr{rtfi eir*.r rrrg zrfrtrr;zn (rqrq qrd?Frft

qd rs.d I q-ffi nrq rtqft r tr{r€m Afh-zrd

iE' 9il6{ut: ffi rnd, 3-<rfi'u1." qnrft=vq effifl firr,
T{16rlI: 6Te fifR, t{rs-q
crftror rng - t ii-;ffiqr=11{ rrq, arqdrf,, aIIf(
EI

d
i[

* (trTrftrf,rardr fRA) as ilm ettrar i?Rnm rfrrr qRs+T rd? + r*rr rri*{
'

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1v qr{rt) qltT { amtt { AIFIR snr gfrrr 6f{rfi 3rnr (gfiq
$IFIIiFT srfr{r rr{*nr
iD. g<r6{st Et{ft=1o Etqlt=10 rtgft=e trC{tt=1
rtrgft=tt %:1o o/o:1o o/o:c Vo:?
96:so
TI

rt

6
q
 Existing services and infrastructures

S. No. Servicefl nfrastructure Settlement Code

Catesory A B c D E t G H
I EDUCATION
t.l Campus (no.)
Students (no.)
1.2 High Schoollno.;
Students 1no.1
r.3 Primary Schoollno.;
Students (no.)
2 HFALTH
2.t Hospitallno.)
Capacity 1Ueas1

2.2 Health Post (no.)

Caoacitv rueas'r

3 COMMUNICATION
3.r Telephone/fax
3.2 Wireless
3.3 Post ffice
4 ELECTRICITY SUPPLY
4.t from Micro-hydro
4.2 from Mini-hydro
4.3 from NationalGrid
4.4 from Solar System
4.5 fromDieselGenerator
5 BUSINESS & COMMERCE
5.r Hotels & Lodges (no.)
5.2 Restaurants & Tea Stalls 1no.1
5.3 Grocery Shops
5.4 Other Shops (no.)
(e.g. stationery, medicine,
tailoring, etc. and if number is
significant, report under
seoarate headinp)
6 DRINKING WATER SUPPLY
SCHEMES
6.1 G;rr/-Fi;4.il;; I
(capacrty) T
I I

6.2 i^..1 -
iuUe-*etrs I I

6.3 Dus-wells(no.) I I I

7 IRRIGATION SCHEMES
7.1
7.) Groundwate(ha.)llllllll

Annex fl4 : Questionnaire'A'

+q<r t{r dqr (frrrr{
 Land holding pattem

Land holding Settlement (HH No.l Remarks

Paftern A B C D E F G H

Landless
0.0 to l0 kattha
(0.0 to ..... ropani)
l0 - 30 kattha
(..... to ..... ropani)
1.5 - 3 bigha
(..... to ..... ropani)
3 - 5 bigha
(..... to ..... ropani)
more than 5 bigha
(>..... rooani)

Annex ll.{ ; Queslionnaire'A' 4

 q-arfls s5q

{-rsrfra ftfr rffi tqrqt gqr) nfltTd

iE' II rt s g q a rt
T{:ffi
o.o - 10 iF'$
1o.o- ....... rMt
-
10 lo E'gr
(......-......Mt
1.1 - l kql
(...... - ...... iirftt
i':'{"ffi*--"--
(......-......ffi1
{ t{sr rr<t sfr
r>......ffit

s5affi E'
 Food grain availability (HH no.)

Availability Status Settlements fiH 1{o.) Total

A B c D E r G H

Surplus
Sufficient for whole
year
Sufticient for six
months
Suftcient for three
months
Hand to mouth

9. Major existing agricuhure production (denote the most dominant by l, second dominant by 2 and
so on).

Annex fl-4 : Questionnairc'A' 5

q. qrqlEr+i lltlireuil (qr{ft dsrr

ilfiffiflrd srrtqr Tffi tq{rft Tqr) IIETT

?D g rt g g q e !t
ZIEKT

q6 Effi qrtr
q'IfK
q qtr{rd ilftr
qqi<
1 qF{r6t iilftr
clf<
?t+o aqrtqre
iqffi{ Ti

dlgr r5e qfr rara tvtrr6r6} qlsrrttl l, 1, ..... i qqrsit

gril{dl E' o
r0. Migration for employment

(a) No. of HHs from where at least one person (may be HH head) is away from home for
more than 6 months.

Settlement (No. of HH)

A B C D E t G H

(b) Seasonal migration in search of work. (Approximation of whole influence area)

Month % ofTotal HH Destination Purpose

Baisakh
lestha
Ashad
Shrawan
Bhadra
Ashwin
Kartik
Marpa
Poush
Maeh
Falgun
Chaitra

Annex fl-4 t Questbnnaire'A'

10. twnfr+i qrftr r{ri Rrii
(o{) a*r,* dlfrr 6fr{I q6inr a{fu'q qPrqr rr<r {ffi ilfrr qrsre ErP6{ rri ra$ nqr r

qffi lqr{fr Tsr)

?F TT rt rI g q ?d rI

(ar) EFFEn #rcr tta rrrra dftr srt6{ qri rfioi r}rrftn ffi srtcrft?Tr

qffir qql E{fiEEt % IIETAT EIT;I shiq

funs
qs
3tF[ki
{rir{
qti
P{rfttr{
zrrfti+

qtq
qrq
sTq-{
tu

crnRfr'so 6-
 Dominant off-farm occupation in the influence area in descending order.

C. DEVETOPI.IENT POTENTIAL OF IIIE INTLUENCE AREA

12. Existing land-use pattem in the whole influence area. (Also show in map with names.)

o/o
s. Existing Land-use Ha. Remarks
No.
lnisated aqricuhural land (khet)
2 Agricuhural land with inadequate
irrigation or rain-fed (pakho)
3 Forest areas
4 Settlement areas
5 Rocky areas
6 Water bodies
7 (add more categories if necessary)

13. Areas which have signfficant potentialfor development, for instance, high agicultural production,
tourism development, local mines, etc. (indicate these areas in map/sketch).

s. ]lame of Area Description of Development Potential

l{o.
example Malika Phant highly fertile, 150 ha. of agricultural land, potential for
t:is.!:.,l:t!!s-.s.t:p!agl?..9-Ip-9.$..*-c..:.......................

Anner ll.0 l Questionnaire'A'

11. ${rf{d eTcr t{ Ejrffs t{n+i qrEffit tr(frficr sde rr{r

1. 1.

t. Y.

T. errrtd{ eH f{+,r€ errdt

1?. ff s,ilkd rH rtga r1-vrritrr *ft Fwrcr crc ql6fr iqrs1-fr€)

iFt fi{.<r {-scqrrr e. % +k-{fr

Tqr
1 fffi{ ?6frqfun ttd1
? qffrd qfs qfu{ tqrdr
: nfrrq &"
Y arrsrfr ql"
{ Trrfr e"
q renrq fr{
\9 hrq'wn BAA-.ri)

1?. f4zFir6r cilft sds rrgrFrir qqsr ciT6€ tq€ sq aF ssr<a, rrir{ k+,r€, qrft srk r fi
ffi rwrrtFEqr isrsir

oc rrqr ffi qrq k+rs mrrr<r+t P++or

lrflillT crfr+r $fe sEiln sq (i, lto t. qfrrdrrq qfti, gq {q crq Ei
Erffi aftr dqrq r

t
Y

rfirr&'+, I
14. Scope of the proposed linkage in view of promoting socio-economic development
(communication, agricultural production, education and health).

s. Sectors to get direct benefit Describe how it will benefit

No.
example promotion of rural tourism link touristic spots - become easily accessible, tourist
consumable items are available, etc.

D. PEOPLE'S PARTICIPATIOil AND AYAII.ABILITY OT TOCAL RESOURCES

r5. Resources available (Iicf< fl the appropriate colunrn)

s. Resources Adequate Some ilone Remarks

No.
I CONSTRUCTION
MATERIAL
Lt Sand
! ! !
t.) River Gravel
! ! !
t.3 Aggregate
n n n
1.4 BoulderslStone
! l !
r.5 Brick
n l tr
t.6 Timber
! ! n
1.7 Clay
n n n
r8 Stone Dust
tr x !
t.9 Others (specify)

) MANPOWER
2.1 Skilled
! n n
2.2 Unskilled
! n n
2.3 Others (specify)

Anner ll{ : Queslionnaire,A, I

 r<rt{d zrkrFrkr curr$rsre rrrcrfro wRi-+ garn qi +r6c Gqrr, qfuqq sdnftf, f{ren, srs{)

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if<rflEr crirfrq erFrrr ffi,

qrqwrf Brrnta{ Et .nk
qEq trfirm
A rrirst rmrr qi
r

t
Y

Et. q{-(6'[rftrdr t Frrfiq rrffi gtrrtrfir

1{. fd6m (sqtr' +tdrm k€E clneir

iEIT ftr6r qEq afr An +flr{d

rcqr
1 fuciur qrcrtt
iIIiriII
1.1
tr n n
1.1 Tffi rrrf€
! I !
f.i ffi n I n
1.Y qFI
n n n
1.{ rcr n ! E
1.q i5T6
! n tr
1. \e cra
x tr I
1.c qll?fr Tdil
tr E n
1.
q, 3rq

1 q-i trffr'
1.1 <eI
n ! I
1.R 3T<ET
tr ! T
R.i 3rq

qe?rd&'o' u
 16. Possible level of people's participation (Iick I the appropriate box)

s. Type of Participation Level Remarks

]lo.
Adeouate Some Yerv Little
Cash Contribution
! ! n
2 Free Labour
n ! n
3 Paid Labour
! ! l
Food for Work
4
n n n
5 Women's lnvolvement
tr n n
6 Social Mobilisation
! n n
7 Construction Supervision
! n n
8 Others (specify)

17 . Do the users' have skill and experience of repair and maintenance of such projects? (Tick 17] tfre
appropriate box)
Yes, adequate ! Yes, to some extent E No, rrot at all or very minimal !

E. EXISTI NG TRANSPORTATIO}I SITUATION

r8. Existing mode of transport

s. l.lode of Transport Average Daily Remarks

No. Yolume (estimate annual volume and
(passing/day, indicate peak and slack periods)
two wav)
I Lars4eep/vans
2 Tryc,ks up to 2.5 Mt
3 I-r.ll.s.B:..llp.-te l -o- Y !
4 Trygks up to l5 Mt
5 4W Tractor Trailers
6 2W Tractor Trailers
7 Bus (up to 40 passengers)
8 p+i:s nse n)..
..F..v.:.(.q. -u.e. r..1-0-. .
9 ,B-is:sler
r0 Rickshaws and tricycles carrying goods
ll Carts oulled/oushed bv the human beinps

Annex ll.{ : Questionnaire'A' 9

 ffimflftrdr+I rqrqil <R GIT{-ri msrcr taflerrrcStrtt
i5q raqtffi f+firq AnETd
{qr
qqs +fr itt i[,lT

1 rm frrr<rq
I .tr tr
? h{Ia qrfr ! tr !
t qrerqr qrfi ! tr tr
Y 6rr+t aftr qrsrq ! tr tr
{ ffi.ffi E ! !
'iffi-_--'qtiqlffi
q
-iffi-{cfEerr
E n !
rg
tr n n
6 3re[

1s. s$frorflr ?R<r srqtd{rd q+d dqR rFi trd Eeril irfi r3m +<d a ? tsr{6'6t5rcr ka A
mregfrtr
qEq I dta m.t* n qrt +,q D

g. +g<T qrfrrqrffi1 ?f,{err

1c. dl-qF crqq

iFlt qrarqre+t qrqr qlrrd if{6 nfltTfr

rrsr qFr t<rfrfo qq ar{rrt tr{t r wa
qFr acrt rr< qr.t cq+t ffiq
?rcrsr*{ rt

1 or/fiilqlqn
1 T+ (1.1 t.z.t
? r.E'no t.z.)
Y TiF (1t t.z.t
t qn cii ffi/ffi
q <i fin e€{/trr
\9 Yo qil rd qt
q i;ii"iii-ffi''qtd ffi r{
q. (r€FEGl

1o iffi-ffitffi
11 crdrn 6rA effirnsr

Erarrft .o, 9
 s. l.lode of fransport Average Daily Remarks
No. Yolume (estimate annual volume and
(passing/day, indicate peak and slack periods)
two way)
) Bullock carts with Dneumatic tyre wheels
3 Bullock carts with wooden wheels
4 Mule carts or horse drawn carts
5 Pack animals and mules
6 Pedestrians
7 Porters

t9. Describe the general dfficuhies associated with the current mode of transportation system and
facilities. (e.g. not sufticient to cope with demand, operational problems, risky, time-consuming,
costly, service is not guaranteed, etc.)

20. Goods transported (mported) into the influence area.

s. Name of Goods Appror. Quantitylyear Remarks

l{o. (peak & slack periods)

Annex ll"4 i Questionnaie'A'

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ggr qFt (Erftio src ar{cn trF r r.a
qFr ?Tfi ll?i qrq qq+i (IrIt
tqrsril{ r)

11 erzrr r1q-+l rrfgf

1? T.r56i qirn qq+i qrET

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1{ @tT
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1\e lrtP{I

lq. *iqn zrttnqkrirr qr"qc (iq ?rrr€nf,r?Fr aicr g,tq q*r rr€ cFr fti qa ?rtrq, qtttq?mr
qrqr6€, frkq !of, it qrq qrr{ rfrfr, ffi afak{il{r slrk rl

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w (trql;r+t;Trc ?rtrdT qf(Irrul,/zrq AfrTd

(gEt r {< ?m4)
Iren
1

v.

'j'

\9

trr{rr&'ar' 10
 Goods transpofted (exported) outside the influence area.

s. l{ame of Goods Approx. Quantity/year Remarks

l{o. (oeak & slack oeriods)

F. EXPECTED CHANGES DUE I0 THE PRoIECT

Date:
Name of the Surveyor

Srgnature

Annex ll{ : Questionnaire'A' 11

11. rlTrt{d &r4rc srfrfti lrGlrilErs

iD,q srcm+l ?rFt ?rtrft dilirzril

dqr (Fr { {< q1q ri qrqr
1

i
V

{
q

\9

q. 3nfrs{rdre arqftrd qMr

totu:
cS rrffi ant
 Annex II-S

GUIDETINES'B'
for preparing District Inventory Map of Rurar Road Netrrork (DIM)
To be used bythe DIARS

A.

The objective of District lnventory Map of Rural Road Network is to show all existing rural roads
and structures and their present conditions.

B.

l. collect technical data of all existing ruraltnnsport linkages on FoRMAT A.

7. ldentifr the class of each rural transpon linkage by using NEPAL RUML ROAD STANIDARD
(20ss).

3. ldentify the interventions (rehabilitation, upgrading or periodic maintenance) required by each

linkage by using CRITERIA'A'.

4. Plot allexisting transport linkages on the approved lndicative Development Potential Map by using
the below mentioned legend.

c. Legend :

The symbols given in the next page are recommended for use while preparing District lnventory
Map (DlM), Perspective Ptan of District Rural Road Network and Distria Transport Master plan
(DrMP).

Annex ll-5 : Guidehnes'B' 1

 lcsend Svmbol

Rural Road Class'A : District Road

- needs no lnten/enton
Rural Road Class'A' : District Road
- needs rehabrlrtatron
Rural Road Class'A' : District Road - -
- needs penodrc maintenarce
Rr-r'el ii.r.rrC ,- :..: 'A.' !:,,:, .-i ri.-,..i -
- ne,,v, .:a..n.\1,..j-i ,. ...

Rural Road Class'B' : Vllage Road

- needs no rnterventon
Rural Road Class'B' : Vllage Road
- needs rehabilrtatron
Rural Road Class'B' : Vllage Road
- needs upgradrng
RuralRoad Class'B' : Village Road
- reeds periodic mantenance
Rrrral iio.lri Ciass'6' . Vrilaeg QoaC
- nriw constrr,i-t,on

Rural Road Class'C' : Main Trarl

- needs rro intenaention
Rural Road Class'C' : Main Trail
- needs periodic maintenance
Rural Rcras Ci:ss't-' : Marn l'ra'l
- new const.uctlon

Rural Road Class'D' : Vllage Trarl

- needs no intenention
Rural Road Class'D' : Village Trarl
- needs periodic maintenarre

Crossi rai nagg stnrtures

- need no intervention
Cross-d rai nage stnrtur€s
- need intenention
Crcxs -d rarnage structu!'es
- new construct,on

Agricularral Road
- to be piotted only on DTMP.

These symbols slould be used when preparing the District Inventory l,lap of Rural Road
lletwod(.

0 These symbols shold be u6ed when preparing tle Percpecf've Plan of Di$rict Rurel Road
llctwork

Anner ll-5 : Guidelines'B' 2

 Coding of Rural and Agricultural Roads

t. The following guidelines shall be followed when coding a rural or an agricultural road. Each transport
linkage will have a seven-digit code unique for a particular linkage.

titst two digits (numbers varying from 0l to 75) represent the district.

@@ O O O O [-l r,,reparanchok

o lhird digit (a letter from A to E) indicates the class of transport linkage.

class'A' - District Road

O O @O O O O Rural Road

o Next three digits (numberc varying from 001 to 999) represent the particular transport linkage.

OOO@@@! rr'opasi - raldhunga Road

o l-ast digit (a letter R or A) indicates whether the link is a rural road or an agricuttural road.

OOOOOO@nRurar Road

2. Therefore, the code of Khopasi - Taldhunga Road in Kavrepalanchok district is,

a@troo@E
3. The following legend shall be followed during the coding process.

tirst two disits - Refer to Table l.

Third disit

A........ Rural Road Class'A' - District Road

8........ Rural Road Class'B' - Village Road
C........ Rural Road Class'C' - Main Trail
0........ Rural Road Class'D' - Village Trail
E......... Rural Road Class'E' - Rope Way

Last diqit

Rural Road
Agrrcultural Road

Annex ll-5 : Gwdelines'B' 3

 Table I : Code Numbers for Districts
(ln accotdance uith tbe DISTRICT CODES adopted lry the Department of Roads)

Code District Cetegory Code District Categorl Code District Category

No. llo. No.
EASTERN R.EGION WESTERN REGION FAR..WESTER.N REGION
Itachi Tane Gandah Z-one Seti Zone
0l Taplelung B 36 Gorkha B 67 Ba;ura C
02 Panchathar B 37 Lam;ung B 68 Bajhang C
03 llanr B 38 Tanahun A 69 Achham B
04 Jhapa A 39 Syanga A 70 Doti B
40 Kaski A 7l Karlah A
4t Mananc C
Koshi Zone Dhaulapiri Zone Llahakali bne
05 Morang A 42 MustanS c 72 Kanchanpur A
06 Sunsarr A 43 Myagdr C T' Dadeldhura C
o7 Dhankuta B 44 Parbat C 74 Baitadi B
08 Tehrathum B 45 Baglung B 7S Darchula B
09 Sankhuwasava B
t0 Bhotour B
Sopornatha Zonc Lumbini bne
I Solukhumbu c 46 Gulmr B
t2 Okhaldhunga B 17 Palpa B
r3 Khotang B {8 Nawalparasi A
l4 Udayapur B 49 Rupandehr A
t5 Saptarr A 50 Kapdbastu A
r6 Srraha A 5l Arghakhanchi c

CENTRAL REGION MID.WESTER.N R.EGION

Jauakpur Zone Raoti Tane
a7 Dhanusa A 52 fouthan I
t8 Mahottarr A 53 Rolpa B
t9 Sarlahr A 54 Rukum B
20 Srndhuh B 55 Satyan B
2l Ramechhap B 56 Dang A
2t Dolakha B
Bagnnti Tane Bheri Zone
23 Srndhupalchowk B s7 Banke A
24 Kavrepalanchok A 58 Bardiya A
25 Lalrtpur A 59 Surkhet B
26 Bhaktapur c 60 Darlekh B
27 Kathmandu A 6! Jajarkot c
28 Nuwakot B
29 Rasuwa c
30 f)hadrnp B
Naravani Tnne Karaali Zone
3t Maka'aranpur B 52 Dolpa c
32 Rautahat A 63 Jumh C
33 Bara A u Kalkot C
v Parsa A 65 Mu8r.r c
35 Chna.ann A 66 Humh c

l{ote : When entire road network is subjected to sub-classification according to the -type of pavement, a
Eighth digit shall be introduced to this coding qystem. Eighth digit may be a lefter coded as B -
Brtuminousi C - Concrete; E - Earthen or G - Gravelled orWBM.

Annex ll-5 : Guidelines'B' 4

 Annex II-6

CRTTERIA'A'
to identiff the rural transport linkages that need
MAINTENANCE, REHABILITATION and UPGRADING

A. General:

Criteria 'A is used to identifr the type of intervention (whether routine or periodic maintenance or
rehabilitation or upgrading) required in the existing ruraltransport linkages (roads and trails).

The criteria for intervention is classified into four different types. They are:

o routine or regular;
o periodic or planned;
o rehabiliation or reconstruction;
. uPgrading.

B. Criteria for Routine Maintenance :

Routine Maintenance: All minor maintenance work which are of regular nature and could not
be accurately estimated are categorised under routine maintenance. lt
covers the work involved in keeping the road in proper shape and
maintaining the waterways free from debris, boulders, logs and other
obstructions that are either placed by human beings or by natural causes.
In general, only unskilled labour is involved in routine maintenance.

The following works are mostly considered under this heading:

o Cleaning of road surfaces.

o Cleaning of drains, waterways and openings of culverts and bridges.
o Trimming of road edges and slopes by cufting grasses, bushes and humps.
o Maintaining road signs and delineators.
o Removal of small and medium size slides/slips that fall on the road surface.
o Planting and maintaining trees along the road sides,
o Planting and maintaining the vegetative protections made at the landslide prone areas,
. FillinB of potholes, ruts and run-offcuts.
. Any other minor works.

c. Griteria for Periodic Maintenance :

Periodic Maintenance: All maintenance works that are of higher volume and to be carried out
periodically shall be categorised under periodic maintenance. lt covers
the following types of work that are common in practice.

o Re-cambering and re-grading of the road surface when a single stretch is found to be less
than 500 m long in earthen roads and less than 100 m in gravelled roads.

Annex ll-6 : Crileia'A' 1

 Patch repair work of road surface when a single patch is found to be less than l0 m long in
paved roads.
When the total cost of following maintenance works does not exceed NRs. 80,000 per
kilometre, such work are categorised under the poiodic maintenance.
- repairing the damaged portions of side drains;
- repairing earth retaining walls (dry stone, masonry or gabion);
- repairing parapet walls and railings at bridges and culverts;
- repairing guard walls at road sides;
- repairing work on abutments, wing walls or apron/cut-offwalls at bridges and culverts.
lf the total cost exceeds the given figure then some of the expensive works could be
considered under the rehabiliution.

D. Criteria for Rehabilitation :

Rehabilitation: Routine maintenance and periodic maintenance programmes alone may not be
sufticient all the time to keep the road in required shandard. Upon heavy use, the
road may be subjected to deterioration despite being maintained regularly.
Sometimes, the unexpected natural causes such as landslides, earth quakes and
floods may also contribute to deterioration or serious damage of the road,
resuhing a lower standard that in no way could provide the services anticipated at
the design stage. When the rural transport linkage requires a greater intervention
than that of maintenance, it shall be considered to take up as a rehabilitation
project. The following works could be cdtegorised under the heading of
rehabilitation.

Reconstruction of road pavements;

Reconstruction or new construction of road structures;
lmprovement of drainage system;
Newly identified slope stabilisation work;
lmprovement of geometric standards of the roadl
Reconstruction of base or sub-base;
Any other rehabilitation or reconstruction work than listed above.

E. Criteria for Upgrading :

When a particular class of rural transport linkage meets the following criteria, it may be considered
for upgrading.

A class 'B' road may be upgraded to class 'A' road standard when,

i. the existing class 'B' road happens to be connecting a major GroMh Centre or/and several
VDCs with the headquarters of the same/neighbouring district,
+ directly or
+ through the NationalStrategic Road NeMork.

or/and

ii. the traffic volume on the road exceeds the design limit for class 'B' road as per Clause 4.4 of
the Nepal Rural Roa.d Sundard (2055),

Annex 11"6 : Criteria'A' 2

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7. Other Development PlansfProjecb of VDC:

ln addition to transport sector, list what other development projects are planned in the VDC and
indicate their priority.

S. No. l{ame of Planned Priority Order Remarks

Develooment Proiect (location. importance. suooorted bv etc.l

8. \DC's role as committed in the Requested Transport Linkage Projeas (Iick the appropriate box
EIr,
(a) The VDC agrees to mobilise the people and its resources:
o forcash contribution (indicate percentage of totalestimate) .,..,.....% tr
o for free labour (indicate the limit) up to NRs. f]
o for free contribution of land (with required right of way) n
o for Food-for-Work !
o for routine maintenance !
. othe6 (specify) !
(b) The VDC certifies that the above furnished information are true. VDC meeting held on
has reviewed and approved the request and information contained
in this form. One copy of this form is kept at VDC oflice, for records.

Signature of VDC Secretary

Date :

OfficialStamp
of the VDC

Annex ll-7 ; Format'B' 3

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5. Type of benefits and reason for the given Priority:

Codc" Erplain what typc of bcnelit it offers, and why YDC has givcn a particular priority to this Linkage

*+ Use the same code as in 2.

lnvolvement of other Agencies:

Codco' Arc there other agencies (erternal donor, l{GOs, lllG0s, other line agencics of HMGI{) involved in
this projca at prcscnt ? 0r has thc YDC requcsted them for support ? 0utlinc thcir naturc and
level of involvement (eristing or erpected).

** Use the same code as in 2.

Annex ll-7 l Formal'B' 2

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 Annex II-7

FORMAT'B'
Request for Transport Linkage
To be filled by the VDCs

Name of the VDC demanding the Projects:

Type of transport linkages requested and respective Order-of-Priority (lndicate the class, if known):

ilame of Class Order-

Code Transport Type of Project (Iick the appropriate Uox [; of-
Linkage Priority{
New Upgrading Rehabilitation Periodic
Construction Maintenance

a ! n n n
b n ! tr n
c tr n E E
d n E ! !
e n n n n
* I for the highest Prionty, 2 for second highest and so on.

Please follow the below-mentioned classification when filling the above table.

District Road.................. A Vllage Road......................... B

Main Trai|........,.............. C Mllage Trai|.......................... D
Rope way....................... E

3. The above Order-of-Priority was fixed and minuted by the VDC meeting held on ..............

4. Benefiting Settlemenb:

Codefi Name of Settlements benefited by the Linkage

(lndicatq the households or
a

** Use the same code as in 2.

Annex ll-7 : Format'B' 1

il. Class 'C' and 'D' roads i.e. Main and Village Trails are not eligible for direct upgrading because
they generally follow alignments having steep gradient, less right of way and sharp curves along
with many other characteristics incompatible to the alignment of standard motorable road.
Therefore, when a distria is connected by National Strategic Road Network, such linkages have to
be considered for new construction of class 'A' or 'B' roads whichever applicable.

Annex ll,6 z Criteria'A' 3

 Annex II-8

CRITERIA'B'
to screen and grade the new transport linkage demands
To be used bythe DIARS

Collection of Demands : Formal requests for new transport linkages are obtained through Format
'B'from allVDCs.

7. Criteria :
The following criteria (Table I - Column 2) is used for screening and grading the
demands for new transport linkages (and detnznds for upgrading Village Roa*).

Table I : Criteria and their importance

s. Criteria lmportance Factor
No. flFt
I Link orovidinp seMce to larpe settlement areas/oooulation 0. r5
lt Link providing service to areas with high potential for agricuhure, horticulture, 0.25
livestock oroduction
ilt Link providing service to existing 0. r5
. commerce ard brxiness centres
o market sites
o tourist attraction areas
. areas having agro-based and cotta8e industries
o other prowth centres
IV l-rnk providing service to the existing service centres such as heahh centres, 0. r5
education centres (sclrools/campuses), offices (VDC oftcelGouemment oflice, etc.),
communication centres (oost oflicerteleohorc. etc.)
Link providrng service to the potential grounh or service centres identified by the 0. r0
District Development Committee and shown in the lndicatiue Development
Potentral Mao of the district
VI Link providing service to the potendal future derelopment sites such as hydroporarer 0.05
development sites. mines, etc. as indicated in the lndicative Derrclopment Potential
Mao of the district
vil Lrnk provrding service to the areas recognised by the DDC as areas for special 0. t0
consrderatron, swh as areas inhabited by
baclorvard and poor ethnic
qrouDs/communities. isolated remote areas, historic shes, reliqious sites etc.
vilt Direct link with another linkape 0.05

3. :
lmportance Factor lmportance Factors (lFs) represent relative importance of the criteria among
themselves and remain unchanged for all the districts. Sum of all lFs is I .0. These are assigned to
the criteria as shown in Column 3 of fable l.

4. Development of Scoring Basis : Uniform scoring basis is not applicable to all the districts. Districts
differ in population. size of settlements. economic activities etc. Each district should, therefore,
develop its own sEoring basis and corresponding scores. The criteria and scoring units, however,
are uniform for all the districts. The scoring basis and coresponding scores for all the criteria must
be developed by the DIARS and approved by the District Development Committee (DDQ prior
to using them for screening and grading purposes. The basis rs simple, for example, a transpoft

Annex l!{ : Crileria'B' 1

 linkage that provides direct serviceto more than 75o/o of non-served population may be given I 00
points whereas if it provides service to less than 1096, it may score only 5 points. Scoring basis is
necessary to avoid/minimise the unwanted subjective bias and undue influences. A general
guidance is recommended below (Table 2) for developing the scoring basis. Taking this as an
example, each distria must develop its own scoring basis.

Table 2 : Scoring Unit and Examples of Scoring Basis with corresponding scores

s. Criteria Scoring Unit Example - Scoring Basis & Scorc

No. Basis Score
I Unk providing seMce to large Population senredrkm a up to 500 a up to 20
settlement arex/population a 500- I ,000 a 20-50
a r,000-2,000 a 50-75
a 2,000-2,500 a 75- r 00

il Unk providing service to areas with Annual prodrrtion . up to NRs. 25,000 a up to 25

h,gh potential for agricuhure, equimlent to o NRs.25,000-50,000 a 25-50
horticuhure, lirestock production NRs..................../km o NPs.50,000-75,000 a 50-75
o NRs.75,000- a 75- I 00
r00,000

ilt Link providing service to existing Estimated annr.nl . uptoNRs. 100.000 a up to 25

. commerce ard brsiness centres transaction in these o NPs. 100,000- a 25-50
o market sites centres equimlent to 2,500,000
. tourist attraction areas Nfu' ","""""""'/<m r NPs.2.500,000- a 50-75
. areas haMng agro-based and 5,000,000
cottage irdustries o Nk.5,000,000- a 75- r00
o othergrcnrfth centres r0,000.000

IV Link providing seMce to the existing Population senrcd by up to 100 . upto2s

service centres srch as health these seMce centres r00-250 o 25-50
centries, edrration centres expressed as persors 250-500 o 50-75
(schools/campuses), ofices (\DC per km per)€ar s00-750 o 75-100
oficelGorcmment oflice, etc.),
communication centnes (post
offceAelephore. etc.)

V Link providirg service to fte Anticipated number upto 100 a up to 25

potential grorndfr or service centres of people to be r00-250 a 25-50
identified by the District directly benefted by 250-500 a 50-75
Derrelopment Commiftee and new grnovvth or 500-.750 a 75- r00
shown in the lndicatire service centres
Development Potential Map of the expressed as pecons
district per km per )€ar

VT Unk providing service to fie Ant:cipated annr.ral . uptoNRs. 100,000 a up to 25

potential future dereloprnert sites fnancial tum-o\€r o NPs. 100,000- a 2s-50
strch as hydropoarer derelopment from dereloping the 200,000
sites, mines, etc. as indicated in the sites exiressed as o NRs.200,000- a 50-75
lndicatiw Development Potential NPs. ..................4m 300,000
Map of the distria o NRs.300,000- a 75- I 00
400,000

Annex ll{ : Citeria'B' 2

 s. Criteria Scoring Unit Eramole - Scorinp Basis & Scorc
llo. Basis . Score
vI Link providing service to the areas As per importarrce . req/ important 70- r 00
recognrsed by the DDC as areas for gircn to these arex o important 30-70
special consideration, srch as areas bythe DDC o less important below 30
inhabited by backward and poor
ethnic groups/communities, isolated
remote areas, historic sites, religious
sites etc.
vfl Direct link with arother linkage Category of linlage o Natiorul Highway o 100
to \^/hich it is direcdy r FeederRoad o80
connected o District Road o 80-70
o Vllage Road o 70-60
. Arport o60
o Tail . 50-60

5. Scoring :
DIARS should evaluate the demands for the transport linkages using lndicative
Development Potential Map, Format 'B' and 'C' and Questionnaire A. fu per the Scoring Basis
approved by the DDC, DIARS should assign scores to a requested linkage agarnst each oiteria.
For each criteria, score may vary from 0 to 100 depending on the extent to which the criteria is
tuttilled.

6. Weighted Score :
Weighted score (Iable 3 - Column 5) is the multiplication of lF (Iable 3 -
Column 3) and conesponding score (Table 3 - Column 4). Screening and gnding of individual
linkages should be done on the basis of the totalweighted scores.

Table 3 : Weighted Score Computation Table

s. Critclil It Scorc Wcightcd Rcmarks

llo. Scorr
I Link providing seruice to large seulement 0. r5
areas/oooulation
il Link providing servke to areas with high 0.25
potential for agricuhure, horticuhure.
li\€stock orodr,rtion
ilt Unk providing servke to existing 0. r5
. commerce and btsircs certres
o market sites
. tourist attnction are;$
. areas having agro-based and cottage
irdustries
o other proralth centres
v Link providing service to the existing 0. r5
service centres sr.tch as health centres,
edrration centres, offces, communication
centres
V Unk providing service to the potential 0. r0
growth or service centres identified by
the DDC and shown in the IDPM
VI Link providing service to the potential 0.05
ftrture development sites such as
hydropower development sites. mines,
etc. as indicated in the IDPM

Anner ll€ : Criteria'B' 3

 !.- Criteria It Score Weighted Remarks
No. Score
vil Unk providing seruce to the areas 0. r0
recognised by the DDC as areas for
special consideration, such as areas
inhabited by backward and poor ethnrc
groups/communities, isolated remote
areas. historic sites. rehpious sttes etc.
vlil Direct hnk with another linkape 0.05
Total Weishted Score

7. Screening and Grading: Linkage demands should be screened and graded based on the weighted
scores as recommended below:

(a) \y'/hen total weighted score is more than 60, select the linkage as a road.
(b) When total weighted score is between 4l and 60, select the linkage as a trail.
(c) When total weighted score is less than 4l , no consideration should be given to the demand.

Note: lndividual demands from the VDCs are evaluated by the DIARS on the basis of the district's
development perspectives. Therefore, the type of linkage being eligible to be included in the
Perspeaive Plan may not necessarily be the same as that demanded by the VDCs. However. the
DIARS takes the type of linkage requested by the VDCs into consideration while carrying out the
screening and grading process recommended here.

Annex ll{ : Criteda'B' 4

 Annex II-9

CRITERIA'C'
to prioritise the transpoft linkages for the proposed interuentions
To be used by the DIARS

Prioritisation of Rural Road Class'A'and'B'

The following criteria is used for prioritisation of District and Vllage Roads. Rank allthe roads and
prepare the liss according to the descending order of priority.

t.l NEW CONSTRUCTION

s. Criteria Basis Score

llo.
I Total weighted score (w) received (w-60)x 1.5 60
under Criterra'B'
- ranpinp from 6l to 100 mark
2 Tentative tn\estment per km less than NRs. 1.0 million
NRs.l.0 mrllion - Nfu.1.5 milhon
=20
NRs.l.5 million - NRs.2.0 mrlhon
=16
NRs.2.0 million - NRs.2.5 million
=12
more than NRs.2.5 millron
=08
+04
20
Social and environmental issues of No implicatiors
3
concem (refer to Checklist 'A' and
=2015
Less implications
=
'B') cant implicatrons
Srgnrfi
Serious implications
=10
+05
20
Total r00

1.2 REHABILITATION

s. Criteria Basis Score

llo.
Servrceability of the road
I rmpassable
with difficulty or risk
=3015
passable
=
easrly passable
=00 30
2 Tentatrve investment per km lessthan NRs.200,000 ::) 30
NRs.200,000 - NRs.500,000
more than NRs.500,000
=20
=10 30
3 Traflic Volume (IU per day) District Road Vllaee Road
Hiil Terai Hill Terai
>300 >600 > t50 >300 +40
300 - 200 500 - 400 t50 - r00 300 - 200
=30
200 - r00 - t00
< t00
400 - 200
<200
r00 - 50
<50
200
<t00
=20
+10
40
Total t00

Annex ff-9 ; Criteria'C' 1

I.3 UPGMDING

According to this APPROACH, only Vllage Roads are considered for upgrading to District Roads.
When such roads are eligible for upgrading, they should be evaluated and prioritised together with
the roads proposed for new construction according to the criteria explained in Para. l. During l.
this process, these roads should also be given weighted scores as per Criteria 'B'.

1.4 PERIODICMAINTENANCE

s. Criteria Basis Score

No.
Readiness for participation at ready to contriblrte cash or free labour
=3015
localleral ready to participate but for paid labour -
no willingness at all
=00 30
Tentatire inrcstment per km NPs.20,000
2 less than
NRs.20,000 - NRs.50,000
=30
'NPs.
50,000 - NRs.80,000
=20
=10 30
3 Traffic Volume (l'U per day) District Road Vllape Road
HiI Teai Hilt Terai
>t50
>300 >600
r50 - r00
>300
=40
300 - 200
-
600 - 400 300 - 200 =30
200
<t00
r00 400 - 200
<200
r00 - 50
<50
200- r00
<t00
=20
+10
40
Iotal t00

2. Prioritisation of Rural Road Class 'C'

The following crteria is used for prioritisation of Main Trails. Rank all the trails and prepare the lisb
according to the descending order of priority.

2.r NEW CONSTRUCTION

,s. Criteria Basis Scorc

]lo.
I Total rnaeiglrted score (w) receirred (w-,l())x3.0 60
urder Criteria'B'
- ransinp from 4l to 60 mark
2 Tentative inres;fnent per km less than NRs.150,000 +20
NRs. 150,000 - NRs.250,000
=10
more than NRs.250,000
=00 20
3 Social and enrironmental issues of No implications -20
concem (refer to Checklist ard '[ Less implications -15
rB') Signifi cant implications :+ l0
Serious implications
=05 20
Total t00

Anner ll-9': Criteria'C' 2

2.) PERIODIC MAINTENANCE

s. Criteria Basis Score

No.
I Readiness for particrpation at ready to contribute cxh or free labour (> 50%) +40
local level ready to contnbute cash or free labour (< 50%)
no willingness at all
=20
+00
40
2 Tentatrve rnvestrnent per km than NRs.10,000
less
NRs. I 0,000 - NRs.20,000
=30
NRs.20,000 - NRs.30,000
=20
more than NRs.30,000
=10
=00 30
Serviceabrlity of the trail rmpxsable
3
with difliculty or risk
=30
passable
easily passable
= 15
=00 30
Total t00

Prioritisation of Rural Road Class 'D'

The following criteria is used for prioritisation of Village Trails. Rank all the trails and prepare the
lists according to the descending order of priority.

3.r PERIODIC MAINTENANCE

s. Criteria Basis Score

No.
for participatron at ready to contnbute cash or free labour (> 50%)
Readrness
local level ready to contnbute cash or free labour (< 50%)
=40
+20
no wllingness at all
=00 40
2 Tentative tnvestment per km lessthan NPs.5,000 :+ 30
NRs.5,000 - NRs.10,000 :i 20
NRs. 10,000 - NRs. 15,000 +10
more than NRs.15,000
=r 00
30
3 Servrceabrlity of the trail impassable +30
passable with difliculty or risk + 15
easily passable +@
30
Totd t00

4. Prioritisation of Agricultural Roads

The following criteria is used for prioritisation of Agricultural Roads according to the proposed
intervention. Rank all the roads and prepare the lists according to the descending order of priority.

Annex ll.9 : Criteia'C' 3

4.1 NEW CONSTRUCTION

s. Criteria Basis Score

No.
Toul weighted score (w) received (w-60)x 1.0 40
under Cntena 'B'
to 100 mark
- ranprnp from 5 I
2 lnlluence area on whrch the agricultural tnputs. rrngatton and electricrty -30
investments have already been made agricultural inputs and rrrrgatron only =20
by the Government on agncultural rnputs or irriSatlon =10
no investment so far
=00 30

3 Tentative tnvestment Per km less than NRs. I .0 millron

=20
NRs 1.0 milhon - NRs.l.5 milhon =16
NRs.l.5 million - Nfu.2.0 mrllion ;t2
NRs.2.0 mrlhon - NRs.2.5 mrlhon
more than NRs.2.5 million
=08
+04
20
4 Social and envronmental issues of No implicatrons =10
concem (refer to Checklist 'A' and Less implications +07
'B') cant imphcations
Srgnrfi +04
Serious implicatrons =01 t0
Total t00

4.2 REHABILITATION

s. Criteria Basis Scorc

No.
SeMceability of the road impassable -20
passable wth difficulty or risk =10
easrly passable =00 20

2 lnfluence area on which the agricultural rnpus, rmgation and electricrty =30
investments have alreadY agrrcultural rnputs and rrngatron only -20
been made by the agrrcultural rnPuts or rrrrgation =10
Government on no tnvestment so far =00 30
3 Tentative rnvestment Per km less than NRs.200,000 =30
NRs.200.000 - NRs.500,000 =20
more than NRs.500,000 -10 30
4 Traflic Volume (l'U per day) Hi[ Terai
>150 >300 =20
r50- r00 300 - 200 =15
t00 - 50 200 - r00 =10
<50 < t00 =05 20
Total t00

4.3 UPGRADING

When an Agricuhural Road becomes eligible to be upgraded to Class 'A' Rural Road. it shall be
treated as an ordinary Class 'B' Rural Road (illage Road). For detarls, refer to Para. I .3.

Annex ll-9 : Criteda'C' 4

4.4 PERIODIC MAINTENANCE

s. Criteria Basis Score

No.
ready to contribute cash or free labour
Readiness for partrcipation at
locallevel ready to participate but for pard labour
=20
+10
no willingness at all
=00 20
2 lnfluence area on which the agricultural inputs, imgation and electncrty :a30
investments have already agncultural inputs and irrigaton only +20
been made by the agricultural inputs or rrngation
=10
Govemment on no investment so far
=00 30
3 Tentative investment per km less than NRs.20,000
=30
NRs.20,000 - NRs.50,000
=20
NRs. 50,000 - NRs.80,000 -10 30
4 Traflic Volume [U per day) Hrll Terai
>t50 >300 -2015
r50 - r00 300 - 200
- t00
-
r00 - 50 200
<t00
=10
<50 =05 20
Total r00

5. Basis for Prioritisation

The follo, ring table 6. lvides the key factors which govem the overall priority of each intervention
under each road category.

Respective Rural Road lntervention Keyfactors governing the overall priority

Paragraph Class
No.
t.t A&B New Construction Socio-economic importance; Cost;
Enp iro nmen ta I concern s
r.2 A&B Rehabrlitation Seruiceabiltty ; Cost; Trallic oolame
r.3 A&B Upgrading Socio-economic Lmport4nce; Cost;
Enoi ro nmen tal con cetn s
1.4 A&B Periodic Marntenance Local DarticiDanon: Cost; Traflic wlume
2.r C New Constructon Socio-economtc importance; Cost;
Enoiro nmenta I concern s

)..2 C Periodic Marntenance Local ,articipation; Cost; Traflic aolutne

l.t D Periodic Marntenance Local oarticiqanon: Cost: Traflic oolatne
4.1 B - Agrrcultural New Constructron Socio-econ omic unportance; Agriculture related
inouttnents; Enoironmental concerns
Cost;
4) B - Agncultural Rehabrlrtatron S ent i c ea b i I t ty ; A gr i ail nre rcI at ed inoes trn ents ;
Cost; Traflic tolume
4.3 B - Agncultural Upgradrng Socto-econonr tc on portdnce; Agricul ure related
i noest m cn t s ; Cos t ; Enoronntental co n cerns
44 B - Agrrcultural Periodic Marntenance Local paructpation; Agnatlnre related
t n aestrn c nt s ; Co s t ; Tra ffic ool r nt e

Annex ll-9 : Cnteria'C' 5

 Annex II- 10

CHECKTIST'A'
CHECKLIST OF ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVE AREAS/COMPONENTS

A. Protected Areas Gazetted by HMGN)

L national park, wildlife reserves, hunting reserves

2. conservation areas
3. other protected areas

B. Forests

I . state forest, community forest, religious forest, private forest

C. Natural Hazard and Risky Areas

I . major boundary thrust fauh, major central thrust fault and other local faults
2. active and passive landslide spots and zones
3. high slope areas associated with weakrlaluable geological formations, loose deposits, etc.
susceptible to instability due to even a minor disturbance
4. flood prone areas, flood ways, areas of active or susceptible to undercutting of slope toe by
rivers/streams which lead to instability
5. areas or spots of high soil erosion and watershed degradation
6. low-lying areas/spots susceptible to water-logging, stagnant water pool, etc.

D. Water Resources

l. major drinking water sources (springs and others)

2. lakes, pokhari/ponds&und, etc.
3. wetlands (nationally recognised or having local importance)
4. rivers/streams
E. Social, Cuttural. Economic. Historic and Archaeological Sites

I . palaces, forts, monuments, inscription (pillars, stone, etc.)

2. temples, monasteries, mosques, pati, etc.
3. sites for mela, jatra, rodi, etc.
4. ford, char-rtaras, etc.
5. cultural sites listed in the national inventories, UNESCO tist
6. settlement areas of special ethnic SrouPs (e.g. Chepang, Raute, Thami' Lepcha, etc.)
7. highly fertile lands
8. areas/spots of mineral deposits (including construction materials, e.g. slate, aggregates, sand,
clay, etc.)
9. local infrastructures (e.g. suspension bridges, water mills, irrigation structures, etc.)

Annex f l-t0 : Checklist'A' 1

t. Areas of Unique Geogfaphical. Geological. Scientific and Aesthetic Value

I. vie$vp<.rints/nature beauty spots, waterfalls

). uniqud geological formation/structurelfeature (that has scientific value/clue, etc.)
3. caVes, unique landscaPes
4. areas/spots wrth high bio-diversity (naturalvegetation, antmals, cultrvated crops, etc.)
(e'g'
5. areas/spots containing rare, unique, endangered, valued plant or animal specres
listed in the Act, CITES, medicinal plants' etc.)

G. Common ProPerbrl

I. common grazing areas

2. no one's land (Parti)
3. land owned by temples, monasteries, etc.
4. open market sites
5. graveyard, cremation ground, etc.

Annex ll-10 : Checklst A' 2

 Annex II-11

socrAL AND r-,rf-[t-ir[fr],[;l;rEs oF coNcERN

A Summary forAgricuhural and Rural Roads

The type and magnkude of social and environmental impacts that will resuh from road construction largely
depends on the route and exact siting of the alignment. At the time of deciding the road alignment,
locations where there are senskive sites such as land instabilrty areas, important habitat of wildlife, bio-
diversity hot spots, etc. should be avoided as far as possible (see Checklist 'A'). Environmental impacts
cannot be avoided altogether, however, much care should be taken while selecting the road alignment. A
variety of mitigation/control measures and management practices are essential in order to bring down the
adverse impacts to acceptable level while enhancing the desirable ones. Undesirable social and
environmental consequences generally resuhed from road development and particularly observed in the
rural areas are summarised in the following paragraphs. Wherever applicable, these issues should be
addressed during planning, construction and operation of the roads. Many of the environmental issues are
inter-related. For example, soil erosion may be caused by various factors acting alone or in combination.
The issues are described under separate headings for clarity but should be viewed in totality so that inter-
linkages become apparent.

l. Approach to Road Construction

Some construction approaches and practices are considered more sensitive to natural environment
than others. For example, in mountain terrain gradual widening, i.e. construction of narrow track of
typically 2 m width in the first year and widening later, provides opportunity to natural stabilisation of
the slopes and grouh of vegetation. This helps to control slope failure and soil loss in the hills and
mountains. Similarly, use of labour and hand tools instead of healy machinery and blasting will
lessen the chances of instabilily and soil loss. Balancing cut and fill and other construction methods
and practices that incorporate soil and vegetation conservation aspects are desirable. The road
construction approach should give due consideration to the above aspects and use precautionary
and mitigation measures wherever possible.

lnstability, Landslide and Soil Erosion

lnstability, landslide and soil erosion are the major environmental impacts associated with road
construction in Nepal. This is particularly so in the hilly and mountainous terrain and is mainly a
problem in weak and vulnerable geological areas. The problem generally resutts from interaction
between water flow and soil, both of which are disturbed by road construction. The situation gets
worse if vegetation is also cleared. Fresh cut slopes and embankments are relatively more
vulnerable to landslides and soil erosion, particularly due to improper water management in the
vicinity. During the construction period, instability, landslides and soil erosion problems may result
because of,

. steeper cut and fill (embankment) slopes and their construction qualities,
o haphazard disposal of construction spoils,
o unsurtable locations of quar,y sites and borrow pits,
o rash quarrying and borrowing activities,
. constructron carried out in rainy season without proper water control and drainage facilities, and
o improper construction methods which leave soils exposed unnecessarily, etc.

Annex ll-11 : Checklht'8' 1

During the operational phase the instabilily, landslides and soil erosion result not only from the road
and its structures but also from the activities of road neighbours. The common causes of the
problem are,

o deficiency of or improper drainage structures,

o modification of water paths leading to concentrated flows (may also be caused by blocked
ditches),
. high gradient in cut or fill slopes, and
o cleared areas which have been left withor-rt re-plantation.

lmproperly disposed construction spoil may worsen this situation. There are many instances of
ploughing the road reserve for cuttivation to the very edge of road which make the land susceptible
io erosion and landslides. Similarly, water leaking from the irrigation canals located near the road or
from the irrigated land adjacent to the road, quarrying of soil (for mud plastering of houses) and
stone from road slopes, destruction of vegetation due to animal grazing, fodder collection (mowing),
slash and bum cuhivation in road corridors and road reserves, etc. may also result in landslides and
soilerosion.

These problems may be avoided by choosing the right alignment. reducing the area of ground
clearance, re-plantation in the slopes promptly and their routine maintenance, controlling speed and
volume of water flows, etc. Construction practices that are sensitive to and incorporate soil
conservation aspects are necessary. The practice should encourage protection of trees and
vegetation in the road vicinity and re-vegetation of cut slopes as soon as possible. There should be
7nini1nrrn destruction to the vegetation in the right-of-way. The quality of
'cut and fill' mode of
construction and the drainage structures is important in this regard.

Consequences of landslides and soil erosion not only affect the safety and serviceability condrtion of
roads but also have chain effects on the farmers (loss of croPs or farmland), land (degradation due to
silydebris deposition), water (degradation of qualky), river and streams (change in regime),
vegetation (loss and impaA) and on other infrastructures like reservoirs (silting).

Replanting cleared areas/exposed slopes and management of water are the most effective measures
to reduce or control soil erosion and landslides. This should be undertaken as early as possible
during the construction process. Otherwise. the erosion might become too hazardous. The
Department of Roads publication entitled "l/egetation Structures for Stabilising Highway Slopes ' A
Manual for Nepat' may be used as a reference for designing re-planting plans and Programmes.
However, there are a variety of measures such as jute netting, bamboo terracing. turfing,
construction of hessian-bag walls, dry-stone retaining walls, gabion walls, drainage ditches/lvork, etc.
that may be used for slope protection. Change of road alignment may also become necessary at
some instances. The sophisticated techniques like the use of traditional retaining walls should only be
adopted in the most dfficult cases when there is no other viable solution. Other precautionary
measures include undertaking cut and fill activlties during dry season, construction of drains and
ditches to avoid the damages by water flow and the regular maintenance of the slope protection
measures.

Type, size, frequency and location of the landslides and mass movement are important information
needed for their control and management. lt is necessary to periodically check the conditions and
effectivenesS of protective measures in use and reasons of mass movement.

Annex ll-ll : Checkllst 8' 2

Encroachment into torest and Disturbance,to Wildlife

A road that passes through forest areas takes up forest land and may disturb the activities of the
wildlife. There is a high chance of occupying forest areas by a rural road as rural road development
expects land contribution without compensation. Road may contribute to increased hunting and
poaching of wildlife as it provides easier access to its habitat. lt may restrict movements and breeding
of the wildlife, alter/destroy the existence of habitat. Accessibility made easier by road may also
cause pressure on and encroachment to the forests (national parks, wildlife reserve areas,
community forests, religious forests, private foresb, etc.). Activities of the work-force that create
pressure on the forest and forest resources include firewood collection and hunting birds/animals.
With the roads, the forests become easily accessible and render animal grazing, firewood collection,
hunting, timber export, etc. easier. This can lead to increased timber cutting (legal or illegal) and
illegal collection and export of medicinal plants. Development stimulated by the road may promote
activities such as use of firewood to meet the hot-water demand of tourists that consumes forest
resources and increases pressure on it. All these factors may cause significant deforestation and
degradation of the forests.

Measures that may be employed to avoid/minimise such pressure are the establishment of barriers
to control entrance to forest areas, strict enforcement of environmental work-code, reduction of
human dependency on forest or forest resources, supply of altemate energy such as kerosene, bio-
gas, micro-hydropower, etc. Similady, preparation of land-use plan that incorporates environmental
sensitive locations of at least the environmental influence corridor and strict adherence to the same
can help to preserve the forest and wildlife.

Disruption to Natural Drainage System

Construction of roads may modif the ovedand (surface) flow pattems causing no flow or reduced
flow in some natural channels and high/concentrated flow (floods) in the others. The actions that
resutt in such modifications are diversion of or obstruction to the natural drainage qystem. ln many
cases, the speed of water flow may be increased. Road may also disrupt or alter sub-soil drainage,
for example, road cut may intersect water-table. lnterruption of sub-surface flow may be indicated
by the seepage on the exposed road-cut surfaces. This may cause significant changes in the sub-
surface flow leading to reduction in/drying-up of local spring flow or may cause instability in the cut
slope. Road drainage and excavation can lower the water table, while embankment and structures
can raise the water table by restricting the natural flow.

The changes in flow of surface water and ground water may lead to a variety of consequences like
increased bank-cuttings, inundation of areas which were normally not inundated (flooding), creating
water-logging in some areas, non-availability of water in other areas, scouring and siltation of
streams, instability, erosion, deterioration of soil and vegetation, loss of water for drinking and
agriculture use. etc. These changes in turn can have substantial effects on natural vegetation, Iish,
wildlife and human. These chain effects extend well beyond the immediate vicinity of the road.

Some common problems likely to be encountered in Nepal's rural roads are termination of road
drains on agricultural land which gets damaged by silt and gravel deposits, creation of new water
bodies in the borrow pits, and flooding of farms and settlements because of inadequate number of
culverts and their improper placing (particularly in Terai and in the upstream side of the
embankments).

It is, therefore, advisable that natural drainage patterns be left undisturbed as far as possible.
Whenever rt is necessary, appropriate mitigatron measures and drainage works such as flow

Annex ll-l l : Checklist 'B' 3

 redudion measures. settling basins, intercepting drains, energy dissipaters (like cascade), etc. be
provided. A well-designed road drainage system can also improve the surrounding environment by
.^retaining water for human and nature benefits or by reducing floods or/and by draining out the
unheahhy stagnant water.

Effects on Water Quality

Uncontrolled construction activities such as cutting and filling, disposal of construction waste and
spoil, erosion and soil movement due to road construction activities like quarrying and borrowing,
etc. cause increase in turbidity/sitt content of streams and rivers. lmproper sanitation of workers or
local inhabitants may also pollute water, particularly drinking water sources. Surface water may be
polluted by road run-off containing oil, grease, lubricants and other chemical spills. Other water
pollution sources include wastewater generated by the new activities (hotels, industries, settlements)
and bad sanitation practices (open field defecation, drscharging wastewater into water bodies,
dumping solid wastes into or near to the water bodies, etc.). The construction camp, if needed,
should be provided with appropriate waste disposal and sanitation facilkies in order to avoid such
pollution. Typical effect of water pollution could be heahh hazards to the downstream water users.
Water may become unfrt for bathing, drinking, animal consumption, irrigation, etc. or effect on lish
and other aquatic life. lncreased sih content could also cause unnecessary sediment deposhion in
downstream which causes the rising of river beds resulting floods in downstream areas.

Protection measures that may be used are soil erosion control measures, construction of settling
basins, good house-keeping of construction activities, reuse or controlled disposal of
oil/grease/chemicals, precaution to avoid accidental spills, controlling of open-{ield defecation and
restricted entrance to drinking water sources.

6. Air and Noise Pollution

Air pollution due to vehicle emission and noise are generally not major issues in rural roads since the
traflic volume is extremely low. However, the dust raised and blown by vehicles may significantly
pollute the air in the areas adjacent to construction sites or earthen/gravel roads. Direct effecS of
dust could be heahh hazards to road workers, residents adjacent to road and/or interference on
planVcrop groMh in the vicinity. Careful management of construction sites, storage of construction
materials, management of road surface and simple dust control measures like water sprinkling in
sensitive places can reduce this problem.

7. lmplication on Public Health

Stagnant water bodies created due to road construction such as borrow-pits and quarries may
become breeding sites for disease vectors. This may contribute to increase in number and type of
disease vectors and incidence of water-related infectious diseases. lncreased movements of people
(from or to outside) may introduce new diseases to the area (particularly, communicable diseases
like Tuberculosis, VD, AIDS, etc.).

Dust raised by construction aaivities and blown by air may pose health risks to the workers and
inhabitants near the road alignment. Construction practice should employ dust control
practices/measures and construction activities should be schedufed taking this into account.

Gathering of people and contact among them may lead to transmission of various
infectiouskommunicable diseases. Regular heahh check-ups help to detect and controltransmission
of such diseases. Timely and appropriate landscaping, filling and draining of stagnant water can avoid

Annex ll-11 : Checklist'B' 4

 or reduce chances of water-bome infectious diseases while public awareness is impoftant in the
controlof STD.

Encroachment into l,larginal lands and Common Property

Road may promote occupation of marginal lands, risky areas and common properties and the same
may be used inappropriately e.g. building houses/hotels in river banks, unstable locations, high slope
areas, flood-prone areas; illegal invasion of right-of-way; occupation of public open grounds, grazing
areas and religious areas. Land-use control in the right-of-way and immediate vicinity may be helpful
in this regard.

9. Cultural and Historical Areas

Cuhural and historic sites may be threatened by road construction and associated work such as
quarrying. lt can destroy the sites or atter their character. Road may result in illegal occupation or
encroachment of the cuhurally and historically important areas (temples, shrines, shattal/Pati, religious
sites, mela fatra sites, caves, graveyards, forts, palaces, etc.) or the land belonging to these sectors.
On the other hand, the increased accessibility may attract visitors to these areas which encourages
better use, care and conservation of the same. Road development works should, wherever
appropriate. include measures to Protect such sites.

10. lnduced Roadside Development and Road l{eighbours' Activities

Road attracts people to migrate to roadside (from outside the area or local people). lt may lead to
development of new settlements or old settlemenb may become larger. Temporary houses or
sheds built during the construction period may become permanent and continue to be used during
the operation period also. Road generally stimulates ribbon settlement along its alignment.
Establishment of industries, increase in commercial activities like general shops, lodges, hotels, liquor
shops, etc. may lead to the increase (or in some cases decrease) in land values (adjoining and
others). Operation of road may bring about changes in the agricuhural practices, productivity, crop-
variety, etc. and land-uses (increase in buih-up areas, decrease in agricultural areas, forest areas,
etc.), farmers' livelihood and may also encourage tourism. The induced changes are not necessarily
limited to the immediate viciniry of the road route. Both positive and negative social and
environmental consequences are possible from such changes.

Some of the undesirable activities of road neighbours are over-grazing of roadside, unauthorised and
inappropriate collection of firewoodrfodder/mowing from road reserve and vicinity, cultivation
without terracing in the immediate viciniry of road, cultivation to the very edge of terraces or cut
slopes, uncontrolled quarrying of stone and clay from the road cut slopes, poor construction and
maintenance of inigation canals causing water to seep into road slopes and slash and bum cultivation
in road viciniby.

Social lmplications

Alt the aspects discussed above can have social repercussion. Many of them may become sources of
conflicts. The beneficial effects of rural road construction are quite often not evenly distributed
among the population and may exaggerate socio-economic disparrties. Particular attention should be
given to the negative effects on the marginal (poor) people. The objective of the rurd road
developmerrt is to bring benefit to the rural population in general. However, benefit may 8o largely
to outsiders or wealthier section while the rural poor may be deprived of it or may even be worse
than before. Rural communities have limited ability to assert or defend therr interests and rights.

Annex ll-ll : Checklrsl ts' 5

 Some people are more vulnerable than others and have fewer resources and skills to re-establish
themselves. lt is, therefore, necessaly to identify the vulnerable groups and treat them separately.

Some of the easily obsenrable social disadvantages of rurd road development in Nepal are loss of
cultivated land without compensation (which results in a decrease of the land holdings), damage to
agricuhural land by construction activities or diversion of road drains on to private agricuhural lands,
degradation of the land due to construction waste and spoil, intem-rption to existing irrigation
systems, interference to drinking water sources and supply, dusts nuisance, inundation of farms and
settlements, loss of employment opportunity for porters, etc.

Road construction activities may cause damage or increase risk to buildings in the right-of-way or in
the vicinity. Special precaution is required at the time of construction if such risk is unavoidable.
Location of and activities at construction camps may also create problems and conflicts. Where
construction camps are necessary, the sites should be properly located from social point of view and
they should be carefully managed. The activities of workers living in the camp or working in the
project may create social conflicts. To avoid conflics, alcohol consumption and other socially
unacceptable activities should be controlled. Adequate efforts should be made to maintain social
harmony and co-operation among the workers and local residents Other social issues during
construction are payment to the workers/labours (in time and adequately); protection, improvement
and integration of approach trails and tracks, chautaras, etc. to the road as special features; road-side
new income generation activities (tea-stalls, liquor shops, aggregate production, etc.); fate of
trad itional activities (cultlvation. portering, etc.).

The introduction of rurd road leads to increased land values and more intensive land-use, especially
for lands adjacent to the road. This may cause shift in ownership or rights of resource use from
poorer to wealthier classes. Changes in the agricultural practices may have negative effecb on local
nutrition levels. The increased mobility can resuh in the spread of diseases and pests. The road will
have effects on traditional means of transportation such as animal drawn carts, mules, porters, etc.
which in turn can affect the people surviving from such means.

!2. AestheticQualities

A road can be visually attractive or unsightly depending on its physical layout within the surrounding
landscape and how far the attention is given to detailed designs, road-side planting and maintenance.
Road can result in landscape distorted by cuts, quanies, slides, etc. These vrill lead to depreciation
and loss of scenic values and sites, view points, etc. Road induced activities may lead to the
generation and mismanagement of wastes (solid and liquid) in the roadsides and create scars on the
landscape. Proper and controlled disposal of construction wastes and use of good-house-keeping
are some ways which can help maintain good aesthetic qualities. Construction of road may cause
loss of or encroachment to unique geological and geographical sites, natural beauty spots and scenic
sites and sites of scientific interests.

13. Safety lssues Associated with Road Works and Traffic

Construction of road involves occupational health and safety risks. Accidents may occur during the
construction and operation of roads causing injuries or loss of property and life. Some common
reasons for accidents in rural road works include unsafe excavation, collapse of trenches, injuries
from unsafe tools/equipment, lack of protective clothing, debris falling from hill slopes, inappropriate
disposal of construction wastes, etc. Similarly, traffic operation may resuh in accidents because of
careless driving, inadequate traffic signs, inappropriate road standards and designs, natural disasters,
etc.

Annex ll-11 : Checklr'sl ts' 6

t4. Repair and Maintenance Aspects

Quite often, rural road suffers from lack of proper attention to the road surface, road structures,
drainage structures, environmental mitigation measures and general repair and maintenance. The
following issues are important for maintaining the road in serviceable condition.

a. Conditions of Roadside Drains : Road drains may be fully functional or filled and blocked or
damaged.

b. Conditions of Road Surface : There can be reels, pot holes, cracks, erosion. debris, etc. on the
road surface (locate them in the map, descrrbe and recommend necessary actrons).

c. Road Surface Damage Due to Local Residents'Activities : There may be damages to the road
surface due to water from nearby irrigatioq canal, drinking water pipe crossing over the road
suface, disposing of wastewater on to the road surface and similar other local residents'
activities.

d. Conditions of Check Wall and Breast Wall : Following aspecb of check wall and breast wall are
important:
o debris deposited near the wall by surface run-ofi bulging out of wall, under cuftrng of wall foundatron
by run-ofl, removal of stones from wall, exposrtion of tree roots and leanrng of nearby tree (hkely to
falland damage the wall).

e. Conditions of Stone Causeway : Following aspects of the causeway are important:

o erosion of surface, condition of stream rmmediately upstreatm of causeway, deposrtion of debris on
causeway.
o change of course by the stream, crossing the road away from the caueway.
o depression of causeway surface, effect (erosion, cuttlng, etc.) of water flowing down from the
caGeway.

(. Conditions of Culverts and Bridges : Following aspects of culverts and bridges are important:
o deposition of debris inside the bridges and culverE, scouring of foundation. conditions of
streams/rivers immediately upstream and downstream of the culverts,bndges.

g. Conditions of Sloles in the lmmediate Viciniry of the Road

o scouring and erosion of areas by run-off water, indrcation of mass movements rn the up-hills and
down-hills of the road.

h. Conditions of Hume-oipes
r pipe fully open/partrally blocked ?

. water leaking from the pipe jornts ?

o rmmediate upstream/downstream conditions ?

Conditions of Flood-wayl
o boulders, gravel and debris deposited on the flood-ways ?

. scounng of foundation, upstream and downstream aex ?

Annex ll-l l : Checkhst 'B' 7

 Annex II-12

FORMAT'C'
Environmental lnformation related to a Rural Road
Form to be completed bythe \DC requestinSthe project

t. Name of the VDC requesting the project:

2. ldentification of the requested transport linkage:

ilame of Transport Class

Coder Linkage Type of Project (Iick the appropriate br E )

New Upgrading Rehabilitation

Construction
a
! ! n
b
! ! tr
c
tr ! n
d
E ! !
e
n n tr
(
! ! !
Use the same code as in the projea reqr.rcst form.

3. Environmental lnformation (Use the checklist provided at the end as a guide).

ldentifr social and environmental componenb, issues and concems relerant to the project and
which are likely to be affected by it. Briefly describe their locations, nature and importance.

Example:

3. I Linkage code: d, Rampur-Kot Caun Road

Relevant Social and Environ mental Com ponents :

Component l: Deurali Forest. Located in Deurali VDC-4, alignment may touch or pass very closely.
Only remaining dense forest (of about 7 ha.) in the locality. Many birds and wildlife
are found such as Also rich in medicinal plants. Drinking watcr source
of the Deurati village is also located in this forest.
COmponent ll: Kalithan. An important temple in the district. A big religious festival every year (in
January), Iarge religious/cultural crowd gathers. Road passes close to the temple and
occupies land dedicatcd to the temple. Temple will be easily accessible.
Component lll: ............etc.

3.2 Linkage code: e, (identify and describe components relevant to all linkages as abovc).

Space for identification and description of social and environmental components (lf the space is not
sufticient either write overleaf or use separate pages).

Annex ll-12 : Format'C' 1

 Linkage a:
Relevant social and Environmental Ccmponents (Number
of components varies.)
Component l: ....,..........

Component ll:

Component lll:

Component lV:

Linkage b:
Relevant Social and Environmental Components (Number of componenb varies.)
Component l: ...............

Component ll:

Component lll:

Component lV:

Anner fl-12 : Formal'C' 2

Unkage c:
Relevant Social and Environmental Components (Number of components varies.)
Component l:

Component ll:

Component lll:

Component lV:

Linkage d :
Relevant Social and Environmental Components (Number of components varies.)
Component l:

Component ll:

Component lll:

Component lV:

Annex ll-12 : Format'C' 3

4. ldentification and description of the above social and environmental components have been
confirmed by the VDC meeting held on

Signature of VDC Chairman Signature of VDC Secretary

Name : Name :

Date : Date :

Ghecklist of Probabtc Sociel and Environmental Components, lssues and Concerns

l. National park, protected areas and reserves.

2. Forests (govemment, community, priwte, reli$o.us).
3. Frequent landslide areas.
4. Flood prone areas.
5. lmportant water bodies and drinking water sources (lakes, pokhari. springs, kunds, wet-lands, etc.).
6. Natural beatrty spob/scenic sites (falls, view points).
7. lmportant agicuhural areas and common animal grazing areas.
8. Reiigious, fristorlcat and cuhurat sites (temples, c;tves, monasteries, mosques, etc., forts, palaces,
historical settlements, chautaras, melafatra sites, stone inscriptions, graveyards/cremation sites, etc.).
9. Areas inhabited by specialcommunity (Raute, Chepang, Thami, etc.).

Note: Use this checklist only as a guide. The identification and description is not necessarity conlined to
the checklist only. The components listed in the checklist may or may not be present in a linkage.
Similarly, there may be components which are not contained in the above list.

Annex ll-12 : Format'C' 4

 Section III
Annexes for Chapter 4
 Annex III- I
Specimen lmplementation Strategy
A specimen for preparing the implementation strategyof the district
To be agreed by DDC (DlARs, Dpu), vDG, and concemed parties

ldentification of the Distria:

Region :

2. We, the representatives of the parties undersigned, agree on the terms made for the
implementation of the rurd road development activities as outlined in the Agreed Terms
of the
lmplementation Strategy which is part of this Memorandum of Understanding.

We are committed to our contribution, role, duty and authority spelled-out in the lmplementation
Strategy against ourselves. We will maintain a good working relation, co-operation
and
communication among ourselves and facilitate smooth execution of the work under the
agreed
individual jurisdiaion.

Codc ]lanre and Designation Party reprcsented Annual Contribution Signaturc

Agreed
(NPs. or%)
A
DDC
B
\DC
C
VDC
D
VDC
E
VDC
F

VDC
G
VDC
H
Shallow tube well erouo
I

Youth Club (NGO)

Producers' Association
L
Suear Mill
M
Travel Apents' Assocration
N
Transporter's Association

Annex lll-1 : Specmen lmptementation Strategy

 Agreed Terms
of the lmplementation Strategy

S. No. Activity Responsibility

As oer Code
A,ll preparatory activrties :

o Route selection
o Conducting alignment suruey
o Condr.rcting detailed engineering survey
o Condwtingenvironmentalassessment
o Preparation of designs and drawings
o Preparation of cost-estimates A or a consultancy
. Preparation of projea reports firm recruited by A
o Preparation of tender documents
o Pre-qualification of contractors
o Preparation of user committee aSreements
o Preparation of work orders
o Preparation of other documents and M&E formats

) Mobilising local cammunities in forming usercommittees H, I, J, ...........or any

other NGO
3 Formation of Local Road Users' Committees (LRUG) B, C, D,......... or
any othcr VDC
4 Formation of Distria Road Users'Committee (DRUq A

Registration of Road Users' Committees

A
5

6 Signirq of Users' Committee Agreements and issmnce of Work Orders A&DorA&For

A & anv other VDC
7 Publication of Tender Notice
A

I Submission of Tender Documents

Local contractors

9 Eraluation of Tender Docurnents A&BorA&Eor

A & any other VDC
Awarding of Contrac6 and signing contract agreements A
r0

il Conducting awareness campaigns and orientation of local leaders H, I, J, ...........or any

other NGO
t2 Al sening out works :

a Setting out of road alignment A or a consultancy

a Setting out of structures firm recruited by A

r3 Land acquisition or arangements for contribution B, C, D,....,.... or

anv other VDC
l4 Obtaining commrtment for right of way B, C, D,......... or
any other VDC
r5 Procurement of tools ard suPPlY A

l6 Procurement of equipment ard supply A

Annex lll-'f : Specrmen lmplementation Strategy

S.llo. Activity Rcsponsibility
As oer Code
t7 Procurement of materials and supply AorBorCor
any other VDC
r8 Formation/Nomination of Labour Group,s A&B&concemed
Users'Group
t9 Training of users, labour groups and local contractors A

20 Formation of road embankment Users'Groups

2t Constnrtion of cross drainage structures Local contractors

)2 Construrction of road side stnrctures Local contractors

23 Earth work for gravelling Users'Groups

24 Grauellirq Local contractors

25 Road side plantation and turling Users'group

26 Maintenarrce of road side plantation ard turfing Users'Group

27 Construction gurdance A or a consultancy

firm recruited bv A
28 Construrction Supervision and Quality Control A or a consultancy
firm recruited bv A
29 Taking measurements ard preparation of Payrnent Bills A or a consultancy
firm recruited bv A
30 Paymens A

3r Resolving Usen' Committee ard Labour Group disputes A&B&concerned

Users'GrouD
32 Auditing and commissioning A&B&concerned
community
33 Preparation of Projea Completion Report A&B&concerned
Users'group
34 Any otho actir.tity atbkh is not mcationed in the Tabk

35 Any other actioity athich is not mentiond in the Tabh

36 Any other actioity uhirh k not mentioned in the Table

37 Any other acttaity uhich k not mentioned, in tbe Table

38 Any otber actiaity tthich is not mentiond in the Table

*tl}tit|lttrttr * rtt atr rt rrr +rt tt * t

End of I'lemorandum of Understanding

Annex lll-l : Spectrnen lmplemenlatbn Strategy

 Annex III-2

SAMPLE'A'
A MODEL USERS'COMMITTEE AGREEMENT
for a rural road/trail proiect

by and between

District Development Committee

(Nane olthe district)
and
Local Road Users' Committee
(Nane of the prqject)

Whereas, in accordance with the Firstfsecond/Third grike out mappropriate worutl Five Year Distria Rural

Road Master Plan, the Distria Development Committee (hereinafter referred to as the "DDC") of

(nante of the distriett as established under the DDC Act BS 2048 ( 1992), has approved at its Council the

construction / rehabilitation / upgrading / periodic maintenance / routine maintenance (srikc out inappropriate

uorulg of the rural road / trail Tstike out inappropriare words) (hereinafter referred to as the "Road") in
(nane qlarea / road corridoil with a tOtal length of about (estinated road lengh) km.

Vl/hereas, the construction / rehabilitation / upgrading / periodic maintenance / routine maintenance lsla*e
ott inappropriate words) of the aforesaid scheme which is presently estimated to require an outlay of
Nfu. based on the cost-estimate approved by the Distria lnfrastructure and

Agricultural Roads Section (hereinafter referred to as the "DIARS").

Now, therefore, on the (date) day of Oontli one thousand nine hundred ninety lyear) ,

this Memorandum of Agreement is entered into between :

The DDC with its principal oftice address at (DDC's address) , represented in this

agreement by the Local Development Ofticer (LDO) in his/her capacity as the Secretary of the DDC :

fficialStamp
of the DDC

Annex lfl2 : Sample'A' 1

 and

The Local Road Users' Committee for lnane of the area or the road seonrenl) . as non-

stock, non-profrt and non-sectarian voluntaqy organisation of road beneficiaries duly recognised and
registered in accordance with applicable His Majesty's Government of Nepal (HMGN) law (hereinafter
referred to as the "LRUC'), oflicially represented by :

List of representatives

Name Position Signature

t.
2,

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

r0.

il.
OfticialStamp
Of the LRUC

fitlcla I : Gtlltil[Pn0Usl0ts
This Memorandum of Agreement will : (i) define the roles and responsibilities of the DDC and the
LRUC in the construction and/or maintenance of the Road, and (ii) describe necessary procedures for
implementation. Please strikc out the irrelevant items of the following Articles, at the turre ol signing the Agreement,
with the mutual consent ol both parti*.

lrtlclc !l : IIDGS B0ltsm[ RISP0llSlBllliltS

The DDC shall actively interact with the LRUC during the project implementation in order to
ensure that the Implemmution Strateg is well accepted and understood by the LRUC:

7. The DDC shall be responsible for conducting feasibility studies and the detailed engineering
surveys for the Road;

3. The DDC shall prepare the designs and detaibd cost-estimates in accordance with the norms
established by the Department of Local lnfrastructure Development and Agricuttural Roads
(DoLIDAR):

Annex lll-2 :, Sample'A' 2

4. The DDC shall prepare the projects work plan (refer to Sample 'B') in close consuhation with the
LRUC at the time of issuing the 'Work Order";

5. The DDC shall award all possible activities (mainly, earth work, road side plantation, gabion work,
small culverts/causeways, routine and periodic maintenance, etc.) to the LRUC and issue a written
"Work Order' which includes summary of cost-estimate (Attachment A), specification of work
(Attachment 'B'), work plan (Attachment 'C') and other necessary documents (e.9. technical
drawings) which will guide the LRUC in the execution of project activities:

6. The DDC shall assist the LRUC in hiring the local labour groups as per the project's work plan;
The DDC shall closely co-ordinate with the LRUC regarding the assignment of individual work to
the said labour groups;

7. The DDC shall be responsible for procuring all necessary hand tools and equipment used in earth
work and road side plantation; This includes the locally made, labour-based earth moving ahd
compacting equipment such as concrete rollers, water bowsem, wooden camber plates, etc.: The
DDC shall be responsible for transporting these equipment and tools to project site or any other
central location as agreed by the LRUC;

8. The DDC shall be responsible for procuring all construction materials and delivering them to
project site or any other central location as agreed by the LRUC;

9. The DDC shall issue food commodities (rice, vegetable oil, cereal) in advance to the LRUC on
instalment basis as per the amount indicated in the Work Order; The DDC shall be responsible
for transporting the food commodities to project site or any other central location as agreed by the
LRUC; flris conditioa will qply only in the case ofFod-lor-Work Programmesi

r0. The DDC shall open a joint bank account in a nearest bank bnnch with the LRUC for the
disbursement of necessary field expenses (which may include wages if necessary) and auttrorise is
DIARS staff to be one of the signatory to the account along with the designated representative of
thc LRUC;

il. The DDC along with the LRUC will be responsible for the wage payment to the local labour
groups according to the quantity of work as measured, certified and approved by the DIARS statr;

t2. The DDC shall be responsible for providing technical supervision, support and advice especially in
setting out of alignments, exercising quality control in construction, monhoring the work progressl

t3. The DDC shall be responsible for arranging awareness campaigns, orientation and training
programmes for the LRUC on "Social Mobilisation and Organisational Aspects, Skill Development
Aspects, etc.' during the implementation of Road:

t4. The DDC and DRUC will be jointly responsible for ensuring that the people affected by the Road
are generally at least as well off as they would have been without the Roadl

r5. The DDC shall, in consultation with the LRUC, have the right to change any labour group partially
or completely (with reference to ltem 6 above) if the work of the concemed labour group is
unsatisfactory or if their work has resulted in major deviations from the original drawings and
specification due to the negligence of the concerned labour group or part of it: The DDC shall
have the right to reject such work even without making the payment;

Annex llf-2 : Sample'A' 3

t5. The DDC shall have the authority to inspect all financial and administrative ledgers of the LRUC as
and when required;

t7. The DDC shall make arrangements for the delegation of its authority to the LRUC for storing and
guarding materials, tools and equipment at the project sites;

t8. The DDC shall be responsible for making specific budget allocations orland for introducing
measures to increase local resource mobilisation including tendering for toll collection for the
maintenance of Road;

t9. The DDC shall prepare progress reports regularly and project completion report at completion of
the Road, in consuttation with the LRUC, to be submitted to the DoLIDAR of the MLD.

lr0clc lll : Illt lnuG's [01ts fflll ntsP0tslBllm$

20. The LRUC shall actively participate in construction and/or maintenance of the Road and shall
continually interactwith the DDC in expediting project implementation;

21. The LRUC shall be responsible for facilitating local consuttation and conciliation among the Road
beneficiaries and DRUC in determining final road alignments and, in such effort, shall ensure that
the location of final road alignmenb are determined on the basis of appropriate technical and cost
criteria with due respect for overall social and environmental considerations and without regard for
personal interest or influence of any individual member or grouP;

)2.. The LRUC shall be responsibh for obaining the consent of Road beneficiaries, in written form, on
the contribution of their land within the "Right of Way'of the said alignment of Road, in the cases
of new construction, rehabilitation and upgrading: This written consent shall be submitted to the
DDC prior to the intervention of said project;

)3. The LRUC shall not be authoriseo

(a) to startthe proiect activities withoutthe wriften ll/ork Order' issued by the DDC:
(b) to award any work assigned to it to the private contracto(s):

74. The LRUC shall be responsible for organising local labour groups for the construction and
maintenance of the Road in the following manner :

(a) Persons below 14 years old shall not be recruited;

(b) At least 80% of the labour force during project implementation must come from the areas
of influence along the proposed road conidorst

(c) Recruhment of women labourers shall be encouraged so that at least 20% of the total
labour force under the Road should be womqn labourers: ln the case of road side
plantation work, this percentage should be at least 80%:

(d) ln consultation with DIARS, technically competent skilled workers shall be selected from the
community as candidates for work supervisors or group leaders: They should be able to
control and guide the unskilled labourers; able to understand the technical drawings: able to
carry out the basic measurements: able to monitor the quality of work and able to maintain
the daily records of attendance;

Annex lll-2 : Sample'A' 4

 (e) lf such persons are not arailable from the community, the LRUC shall search and recruit the
'
qualified personnelfrom the nearest villages or district

25. ln close consuhation with the DDC, the LRUC shall be responsible for mobilising the labour force,
the formation of labour groups and assigning of work load to the respective labour groups:

26. The LRUC shall brief the work supervisors/group leaders regarding the construction methodology,
wage rates and the interval of measuremenVpayment prior to the commencement of work so that
the transparenry is maintained among the workers;

27. The LRUC shall be responsible for storing construction materials, tools, equipment and food
commodities (n the case of Food-for-Work Programmes) at the work sites under the authority
delegated from the DDC; The LRUC shall monitor their uses and maintain the inventories and
daily records which should be produced to the DDC on request The cost for any loss, damage
or misuse due to the LRUC's negligence will be bome by the LRUC and by every member
thereof jointly and severally;

28. The LRUC shall be responsible for transporting the food commodities from prqect store to the
distribution point and could reimburse the concemed expendhure from the DDC;

29. The LRUC shall open a joint bank account in a nearest bank branch with the DDC for the
disbursement of necessary field expenses (which may include wages if necessary) and authorise a
LRUC member to be one of the signatory to the account along whh the designated representative
of the DIARS:

30, The LRUC through its labour group,s shall undertake all projea activities as per the Work Order
and under the direct supervision, guidance and direction of the DIARS;

3r. The LRUC along with the DDC will be responsible for the wage payment to the local laoour
groups according to the quantity of work which needs to be measured and certified by the DIARS
staff;

37.. The LRUC will request the DDC for funds required for field expenses in relation to project
implementation; The replenishment request should be made only after the trtilisation of previous
instalment A statement of the accounts (cash and kind) certified by the projea-in-charge should
be attached to the formal request;

33. The LRUC shall be responsible in negotiating the use of private access or property in connection
with the construction of Road;

34. The LRUC will change and select new members of the local labour group if any members of the
group are rejected by the DDC and also considered by the LRUC as unsatisfactory:

35. The LRUC shall provide its assistance as and when the DDC carries out the periodic inspection on
{inancial and administrative ledgers of the LRUCi

36. The LRUC (if the same is ready to take the responsibiliny of O&M), upon making formal
arangements with the DDC regarding the delegation of authority for maintenance activities, will
take overall responsibility for planning and organising maintenance works, toll collection, and
control of types and load of vehicles;

Annex fll-2 : Sample'A' 5

37. Each member of the LRUC shall be jgintly and severally liable for the actions of other members of
the LRUC in the event any liability arises out of or in connection with actual or Purported activhies
or functions of the LRUC, including as a resuh of misuses or loss of funds or any other property
under the control of the LRUC;

38. The LRUC shall the DDC in providing data and information for progress reports and, finally,
assist
in the preparation of project completion report which will be submitted to the DoLIDAR of the
Ministry of Local Development upon the completion of Road.

lilclaU! : SPtGlllPn0USl0llS

39. The LRUC willjoin the DDC in verifiing the completion of the Road before the DDC prepares its
project completion report; The representatives of the LRUC will involve in this regard and the
Chairman of LRUC together with other concemed personnel (chairman of DRUC, project-in-
charge, DDC Chairman and DIARS engineer) will sign the project completion report; lf any
defects or deficiencies are found, they will be corrected using local labour groups: Financing
arrangements for such correction work will be determined based on discussions between the
DDC, DRUC and the LRUC;

40. After commissioning of Road, the LRUC shall retum all remaining food commodities, cash, tools,
equipment and construction materials in good condition back to the DDC: lf any arrangement is
made for future maintenance purposes (mainly routine maintenance) by involving the same LRUC
then the DDC could hand over necessary tools, equipment and materials required for such
purposes to the LRUC;

41. ln case of any conflict between the LRUC and the Road beneficiaries. it shall be resolved at the
local level with assistance from the DDC and/or local instiMions (VDCs, NGO'S, etc.) within a
reasonable time; ln case of any conflict between the DDC and the LRUC which cannot be
resolved with mutual consensus at the local Ievel, such conflict will be brought to the attention of
the DoLIDAR of the Ministry of Local Development for mediation; The decision of the concemed
Minister is considered to be final and binding on all parties;

42. This Memorandum of Agreement shall come into effect immediately upon the date of signing by
both parties (the DDC and the LRUq and will remain in force until ehher side submits a written
request for termination to the other;

43. Matters not covered in this Memorandum of Agreement shall be determined in accordance with
the rules and regulations of His Majesty's Govemment of Nepal and prevailing laws of the country;
This agreement may be amended by wriften instrument with the mutual consent of both parties
(the DDC and the LRUq. as and when required:

44. Financial matters will be govemed by thelinancial rules and regulations of His Majesly's
Govemment of Nepal (and those stipulated in the Project Document, in the case of a specific
donor-funded proiea).

Annex llf-2 : Sample'A' 6

 by and between

District Development Committee

(Name olthe district)
and
District Road Users' Committee
(Name of the d*trict)

Whereas, in accordance with the First6econd/Third 6rike out inappropriate words) Five Year Distrid Rural

Road Master Plan, the District Development Commiftee (hereinafter referred to as the "DDC") of

Qnme d the district), as established under the DDC Act BS 2048 (1992), has approved at its Council the

overall development, operation and maintenance of the district rural road network (hereinafter referred to

as the "Road lletwork') in (name d the d*tic| with a total length of about (esrimated length d entire road

networH km.

Now, thereforer on the raat{ day of fuonth) one thousand nine hundred ninety ..-bteet)-,
this Memorandum of Agreement is entered into between :

The DDC with its principal oftice address at IDDC's address) , represented in this

agreement by the Local Development Ofticer (LDO) in his/her capacity as the Secretaqy of the DDC :

OfficialSamp
of the DDC

and

The District Road Users'Commiftee of lnanrc of the disticil as non-stock, non-profrt

and non-sectarian advisory voluntary oqganisation representing all road beneficiaries of the district, duly
recognised and registered in accordance with applicable His Majesty's Govemment of Nepal (HMGN) law

(hereinafter referred to as the "DRUC"), officially represented by :

List of reoresentatives

Name Position Signature

t.
2.

3.

Annex lll-2 : Samfle'A' 7

 4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

r0. ,

il.
OfficialStamp
of the DRUC

fiticlo I : G[lltillPn0Ulsl0tts
This Memorandum of Agreement will define the roles and responsibilities of the DDC and the
DRUC in the overall development, operation and maintenance of the Road Network. please srrike out tlte
irrclevanl iteus olthelollowing Articles, at the tine of signing the Agreement, with ilrc ntutuol consenr of
both parties.

lrrlctc ll : DllGt n01tsffilt RlspoltstBtultts

t. The DDC shall actively interact with the DRUC during the implementation of Road Network in
order to ensure that the Implemenution Strateg is well understood and accepted by the DRUC;

2. The DDC shall prepare hs annualwork programme on Road Network in close consultation with
the DRUC;

3. The DDC shall be responsible for conducting field surveys and preparing the detaited designs and
cost-estimates for the Road Network;

A The DDC will recruit local labour groups organised by the LRUCs as per its work programme and
will, in close consuhation and co-ordination with the LRUCs, assign specific worklrders with
technical drawings to the labour groups;

5. The DDC will be responsible for wage payment to the local labour groups according to the
quantity of work as measured, certified and approved by the DIARS staff;

6. The DDC will open joint bank accounts in the nearest branches with the respective LRUCs for
the
disbursement of necessary field expenses (as judged by the engineer) and authorise 115 technical
staffto be the signatories to the respective accounts;

7. The DDC shall be iesponsible for procuring necessary materials, tools and equipment, and
delivering them to the job sites:

8. The DDC shall be responsible for providing technical supervision, support and advice especially
in
determining alignments, exercising qualhy control, monitoring the work progress;

Annex lll-2 : Sample'A'

9. The DDC and DRUC will be joinfly responsible for ensuring that the people affected by the Road
are generally at least as well offas they would have been without the Road;

r0. The DDC shall, in consuhation with the DRUC, have the right to change members of the local
labour groups organised by the LRUCs (as referred to in item 4 above) if the work and conduct of
the concemed local labour group is unsatisfactory or if their work has resulted in major deviations
from the original technical drawings and specification due to the negligence of the concerned
members of the group:

il. The DDC will be responsible for making specffic budget allocations for the maintenance of rural
roads;

12. The DDC and DRUC will jointly be responsible for introducing measures to increase local
resource mobilisation for road construction and maintenance including fixing of road tolls and
issuance of guidelines for toll collection:

r3. The DDC will make arangements for the delegation of its authority to the LRUCs for storing and
guarding materials, tools and equipment at the job sites and for undertaking road maintenance
activities;

t4. The DDC will prepare progress reports regularly and completion report at the completion of each
Road Network sub-project, in consuhation with the DRUC, to be submitted to the DoLIDAR of
the Ministry of l-ocal Development.

lrUcle Ill : 0BUG'S n0USlll0 ntsP0llSlDllmts

t5. The DRUC shall actively participate in the overall development, operation and maintenance of
Road Network and interact with the DDC to expedite the process;

t6. The DRUC shall have its role in facilitating local consuttation and conciliation among the road
beneficiaries in determining linal alignments and, in such effort, shall ensure that the location of final
road alignments are determined on the basis of appropriate technical and cost criteria with due
respect for overall social and environmental considerations and withor-rt regard for personal
interest or influence of any individual member of group;

17. The DRUC and DDC will be jointly responsible for ensuring that the people affected by the Road
are generally at least as well off as they would have been without the Roadt

r8. The DRUC will be responsible for ensuring that respective LRUCs oqganise local labour groups for
the construction and maintenance of the Road Network in the following manner:

(a) Persons below l4 years old shall not be recruited:

(b) At least 80o/o of the labour force during project implementation must come from the areas
of influence along the proposed road corridors:

(c) Recruitment of women labourers shall be encouraged so that at least 20Vo of the total
labour force under the sub-projects should be women labourers; ln the case of road side
plantation work, thrs percentage should be at least 80o/o;

Annex lll-2 : Sample'A' 9

 ln consuhation with DIARS, technically competent skilled workers shall be selected from the
community as candidates for work supervisors or group leaders;

t9. The DRUC shall have the atrthority to monitor LRUC/DIARS joint accounts periodically:

70. The DRUC will assist LRUCs in having close consuhations with the DDC regarding matters
relating to the recruitment of local labour groups and work assignments;

7t. Each member of the DRUC shall be jointly and severally liable for the actions of other members of
the DRUC in the event any liability arises out of or in connection with actual or purported activhies
or functions of the DRUC, including as a resuh of misuses or loss of funds or any property under
the controlof the DRUC;

22. The DRUC and the DDC willjointly be responsible for the monitoring of work progress;

23. The DRUC and DDC will jointy be responsible for introducing measures to increase local
resource mobilisation for road construction and maintenance including fixing of road tolls and
issuance of guidelines fortoll collection;

24. The DRUC shall advise DDC on the formulation of district-level policies in relation to the
development, operation and maintenance of district road network.

ffi0lr lu : sPlGnlPno$st0m

25. The DRUC willjoin the DDC and DIARS in verifring the complaion of the Road Network sub-
projects when the DIARS prepares the project completion repofts. The chairman of the DRUC
(or ils authorised representative) will sign the project completion reports together with the DDC
and DIARS. lf any defecb or deficiencies are found, they will be corrected using local labour
groups. Financing arrangements for such correction work will be determined based on
discussions between the DDC, LRUG and the DRUC;

26. ln case of any conflict between the DRUC and the road beneficiaries, h shall be resohrcd at the
local level with assistance from the DDC, within a reasonable time. ln case of any conflict
between the DDC and the DRUC which cannot be solved at the local level, such conflia will be
brought to the attention of the DoLIDAR of the Ministry of Local Development for mediation.
The decision of the concemed Minister is considered to be final and binding on all parties:

27. This Memorandum of Agreement shall come into effect immediately upon the date of signing by
both parties (the DDC and the DRUg and will remain in force untileither side submits a written
request for termination to the other;

28. Matters not covered in this Memorandum of Agreement shall be determined in accordance with
the rules and regulations of His Majesty's Govemment of Nepal and prevailing laws of the country;
This agreement may be amended by written instrument with the mutual consent of both parties
(the DDC and the DRUq, as and when required;

29. Financial matters will be govemed by the financial rules and regulations of His Majesty's
Govemment of Nepal.

Annex lll.2 : Sample'A' 10

 Annex III-3

GUIDETINES'C'
for formation and registration of users' committees
To be used by the DDC and concemed VDCs

A. lntroduction

ln order to address the infrxtructural needs of the villages more effectively, local people should be
involved in carrying or,rt local development activities by themseMes. ln this regard, specifit village-
level infrastructure programmes should be identified on the basis of local needs and priorities. To
carry out preparation, implementation, monitoring, evaluation, operation and maintenance of such
programmes, creation of a service-oriented users'comminee is essential.

ln the case of rural transport linkages (roads and tnils), it is more difficuh to distinguish the actual
beneficiaries who could take the responsibility of all activities as one group all the time. The users'
committee corrstituted for construction may not be interested to participate in the operation and
maintenance sihce the members may no longer be the same core users of the particular road.
Therefore, this causes the problem of forming the exact users' commiftee for roads unlike in
inigation and community water suppty sub-sectors. As indicated, the composition of local road
users' committee may be subjected to changes depending upon the activtty (constnrction or
maintenance) which is carried out at certain period.

ln order to eliminate this constraint, it is suggested to create a district-based road users' committee
(DRUg which is of rather permanent nature, having representation from the local road users'
committees (LRUG). The representatives from various organisations in the district like FNCCI
(for commerce and industrial sectors), Travel Agents' fusociation of Nepal, Hotel Association of
Nepat (for tourism sector), Producers' Association (for agricuhure sector), Transporters'
Association (for transport sector) and other relevant institutions who will be the real users of rural
road neMork should also be included in this district-based committee.

B. Roles and Responsibilities of DRUC and LRUCs

DRUC, a district-level userc' organisation, represents all road users of the district or in other
words, entire network of the rural and agricuhural roads. lt is responsible for the overall
development of district road network by ensuring the benefits to local communities and affecfed
people along the road alignments. lt assiss the LRUCs in labour mobilisation and monitors the
work progress and LRUC/DIARS joint accounts periodically. lt helps the DDC to raise the funds
for road construction and maintenance activities. DRUC advises the DDC on the formulation of
district-level policies regarding the development and maintenance of rural road network.

LRUC, a local-level users' oqganisation, represents particular road alignment and is responsible for
the formation of local labour groups; implementation of construction works; operation of joint
account with DIARS; ensuring the timely and proper payments to labourers; for storing and proper
utilisation of materials, tools and equipment at the job shes; expediting the project implementation;
resolving the disputes at local leveh and finally, undertaking the maintenance works.

Annex fll-3 : Guidelines'C' 1

C. Formation and Registration of DRUC and LRUCs

1 ln all districs, formation and registration of DRUC and LRUCs shall be done according to the
following guidelines:

I . All users committees shall be formed through a democratic process:

2. A general of local communities (or public gathering) shall adopt a constitution and by-
".r"rUIy
laws in relation to the formation and funaioning of the respective users' committee:

3. LRUCs shall be recommended for registration by the respective VDCs whereas DRUC shall
be recommended by the DDC;

4. All users committees shall be registered at the District Administration ffice (DAO) or at the
DDC oflice as per the prevailing HMGN laws;

5. Following the registration, each committee shall enter into a Memorandum of Agreement
(MoA) wlth the DDC regarding its roles and responsibilities (refer to Sample 'A').

When this approach comes into effect for the first time, it is recommended that the formation of
LRUCs precedes the formation of DRUC. Then, each LRUC shall nominate one representative
to the DRUC. Finalcomposition of DRUC could accommodate other representatives who shall
be nominated by the district-level organisations representing various sectors.

Ahhough the tenure of LRUCs is limited to the period of a particular intervention (construction or
maintenance) the tenure of DRUC will be for five years in line whh the time frame of Five year
Master Plan. However, the membership composition of DRUC will change in accordance with
the change in the representation from the LRUCs due to termination of old interventions orland
due to commencement of new ones.

Each DRUC shall have I l-21 executive members. Sub-committees under DRUC shall have 5-7
members. Each LRUC shall have 7- I I executive members. Sub-committees under LRUC shall
have 5-7 members. At least 20% of the members of LRUC shall be women whereas in case of
DRUC, it shall be l0%. At least one teachcr shall be a member of each LRUC.

The composition of LRUC will take into account:

. socio-cuhural homogeneity and cohesiveness of village settlements influenced by the road
alignment:
. geographical accessibilityand compatibilily;
o number of bene{iciary household and population in the influence area.

ilote : ln the preparation of constitutions and by-laws for both DRUC and LRUCs, the respective DIARS
with the support of DoLIDAR may provide necessary assistance on request.

Annex lll-3 : GurUelrnes ,C' 2

 Annex III-4

SAMPLE'B'
A MODEL WORK ORDER
for a rural road/trail proiect

His l,lajesty's Government of llepal

Ministry of Local Development

District Development Committee

(Name olthe distict)

(Nane olthe project)

This work order is issued to the (nante qf rhe area or the road segmentl Local Road Users'

Commiftee for the execution of work under the hame of lhe oroiecl) Road/Trail

(srrilcc our inappropriate wordg Prqect on behalf of the DDC of lname of dictict) as per the

Memorandum of Agreement signed between both parties on (dat4

This work order includes a Summary of Cost-estimate (y'ftachment 'A), Specification of Work (relevant
parts of DoLIDARIDO@3 - Technical Specilications as Attachment 'B'), a Work Plan (fttachment 'C')

and other necessary documents (engineering drawings, etc.).

Allwork specified in this work order should be completed wkhin humber) - months effective

from (date) . The details of the Project are as follows :

(a) Address of Local Road Users' Committee :

(b) Class of Transport Linkage : A I B I C / D / E (circu tne appropriate one.)

(c) Type of Pro.iea Periodic Maintenance / Rehabilitation / Upgrading / New Construction

(Underlrne the appropriate one.)

(d) Length of Road/Trail km

(e) Beginning Point

(0 End Point

(g) Surface of linkage earthen / gravelled / brick paved (unaerline the appropnate one.)

Annex lll4 : Sampte'B' 1

(h) Right of way m from centre to either side

(D Number of cross-drainage structures no.

0 Details of cross-drainage structures

s. Chainage Bridge Causeway Culvert Otherc

Length (m) Lengh (m) Slab Pipe Box Size of opening
]lo. (mxm)
(corrcretelrooden) (Simphy'r'e nted/thvated) Span (m) @xno. LxB

(k) Project Cost : NRs.

(r) Breakdown of proiect cost :

Labour NRs............ (......%)

Construction material NRs............ (......%)

Transportation NRs............... (......%)

Equipmentftools NRs............ (......%)

Technicalsupport NRs............ (......%)

Miscellaneous NRs............... (......%)

lf funded by WFP under Food-for-Work, details of food commodities provided :

Rice ............Mt

oil
Vegetable ............Mt

Cereals ............Mt

lssued bv

Name of Ofticial :
OfficialSamp
Designation : of the DDC

Date :

Anner lll,f : Sarnpe B'

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Annex lll.0 : Sample'B' 4

 Attachment'B'
TECHMCAT SPECIFTCATIONS
for Rural Roads

According to the assigned work, the relerant parts of the DoLIDARTDOC/O3 - Technical Specilications

should be attached under the above heading for the reference of Local Road Users' Committee and
is

Labour Groups and Work SupeMsors.

Annex lll.0: Sample'8' 5

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Annex fll.4 : Sample'B' 6

 Annex III-5

CR.ITERIA'D'
to select the potential local contractors
to be used bY the DIARS

local contractor who

The fol6wing questionnaire should be completed and submitted to DIARS by every
wishes to be recognised by the DDC as a potential contractor.

OUESTIONNA'RE FOR CRITERIA'D'

C,ontrector"s Quatifications and Other lnformation

lnstnrction: Answer all the questions on this form, inserting 'none" or "not applicable' where
appropriate. lf more space is required, please use additional sheets.

t. Name:

2. Address (district, municipalityflDC, ward no., street/location): ...........

3. (a) Type of organisation (ict fithe appropriate box):

f] lnairiaud ownership f Partnerstrip f, etitatu Ua . l-l Co-operative

(b) Date of establishment: ...........

(c) Registered at (distria): ................

(d)Status/Class: En trg Ec Eo INon"

4. Fumish the following information about owner, Partners, officers and directors:

llamc Iitle 9o of Business Years of Busincss Erpcdence

(if dircctor, so state) Owncd
Contracting Otherc

5. Station of branches (specify district, municipalityryDC and ward no.):

Annex lll-5 : Criteria'D'

6. Applicants may submit a Balance Sheet and Profit & Loss Statement of the last five years prepared
and certified by an independent accountant or auditor in lieu of answering this section (estimated
figures are not acceptable).

(a) Ealance Sheet of Fiscal Year ending

Asscts Anrount Uabilities Amount

Rs. Rs.
r Cxh in hand ard in bank o Notes papble, Bank
. Gorremment securities o Notes payable, Tnde
r Accounb receiwble, Trade. Net r AccounB papble, Trade
. Notes receinble, Trade, Net o Notes and accounLs payable,
o Merchardise E cost D market Others
E bwer of cost or market
o Chattel Mortgages flist in section
8(F)l
o D cost D market
Listed securities
o Accruals. lnterest, Rent, etc.
E bwer of cost or market o Taxes: district and local
o Taxes: go\€mment

Other Cunent AssB (itemise) Other Current Liabilities Otemise)

Total Current Assets Toal Current Liabilities

o Land o Mortgages
r Buildings o Bonds
o Machinery &
Equipment Other liabilities (rtemise)
o Fumiture & Fixtures

Toal

o Less Reserve for depreciation

. lm€strnents, afrliated companies Resene rpt deducted from assets
o Due from offcers, employees (ltemise)
o Prepaid expenses
o Other asseE (itemise)

Capial or NetWorth:
Net worth (irdMdual
or partnership)
o Preferredstock I
o Common stock I c-o-op.ratr*
o Surplus capital I
Goodwill, Paten6, etc. . Surplus eams I
Total Asser o Total(liabilities I
and caoial I

Annex lll-5 :, Crileria'D' 2

Net Sales
Costof soods sold
Gross orofitAoss on sales
Exoemes
o Sellins
r Gercral
o Administratire
Net lnconreAoss on sales

Other Er<oerses

Net lncomel-oss before taxes

o Gor,emnrcntircometa(
o Othertaxes on irrorne
Final Net lncomertoss

7.(a) When financial statements prepared or certified by independent accountants are transcribed in this
form, please fumish the name and address of accountant or auditor of the auditing firm.

Name :

Address :

7.(b) lndicate whether the statements transcribed in this form are identical with the accountant's or
auditor's statemenG E Yes E No. lf no, please describe adjusUnents. Attach copy of auditor's
certificate.

8. Balance Sheet Notes

A. Accounts payable. B. AccounB ard Notes C. Bank loam secured by. D. Other loars secured
Past due. receimble. by.
Past due.

E. Condngentliabilities) F. Chattel mortgages. Date dr.n Monthlv oavnrcnE Gs.)

(describe) AsseB covered.

G. .ludggmens or pendrng surc I Yes E No (lf yes, explain on the supplementary page of tlTe form)

H. Receirables pledged for loans or discounted Rs. ............... lf any, are they included in the Balance
SheetDYesENo
I Are any of the assets shown on the Balance Sheet pledged, or mortgaged, or othenavise hypothecated, except
as stated above D Yes D No. lf 'yes', explain on the supplementary page of the form. lf applicant is a
partnenhip or sole propnetorship, are the irdrvidual liabilities of the proprieto(s) or govemment income taxes
rncluded in statement? E Yes E No. lf 'no', wtat is total liabillties Rs. ...............

Annex lll-S : Criteda'D' 3

9.(a) List five Concerns from whom you buy most of your materials and supphes:

-.. Namc Address Amount Now Owing l-argest Amount

(district, municipdity/ Owing for thc past 12
YDC, ward no., locality) months
tu. Rs.

9.(b) List out the tools and equipment you have at hand.

Construction Engincering Suney

]lamc of Tools & Eouiomcnt llumbcr llamc of Eouioment Jlumber

l. Pick l. Theodolite
2. Shovels 2. Lercl(dumpy)
3. Spade(kodalo) 3. Compass (prismatic)
4. Crowbars 4. Abney lewl
5. Drilling rods 5. Others (spcrfy)
6. Hammers - 2.5 kg
7. Hammers- lkg
8. Basket/doko
9. Mealtampers/rammers
I0. Gradirg appliances
I l. Rollers (6-l0T)
12. Rollers - meal wheeled or
vibnting(1.5T)
13. rock drilling machine (hand
operating)
14. Others (spcrfy)

List companies from whom you usually obtain bonds:

]lamc Addrcss
(districL municioaliorYDC ward no.. locditvl

Annex lll-5 : Crileria'D' 4

 Bank and finance companies with whom you are now dealing and amounts
owing:

llame Mdrcss Amount llow Owing largest Amount Owing

(districq municipality/ YDC, for thc past 12 months
Rs. Rs.
ward no.,localitY)

12.(a) Contracts in force:

Orrncr's llamc & Branch of Contract Estimatcd Contract as Sole/tY

location
Addrcss Work Amount Complction Prime/tY 0rdinary
Rs. Datc ConttzctozS u b<ontrector

12.(b) List the jobs you have completed in the last five years:

Owner's ]lamc Branch or Year of Contrart Amount Workcd as Solc

location
& Mdress Type of Completion Arnount Sub-lct Contractor/lY Prime
Work Ps. ContractorflY Ordinary
Contractor6 ub<ontractor

12.(c) PersonnelCaPabilities

Annex lll-5 t Crileria'D'

 13.(a) Vl/hat type of worr do you perform as a general contractor ?

13.(b) What type of work do you perform as a sub-contractor ?

13.(c) What type of wort do you generally sub-let ?

|'4. How many years have you been in this business as:

(a) Generalcontractor .... years

(b) Sub-contractor- . yea6
partner
(c) Joint venture .... years (prime)
....... years (ordinary)

15. Check the proper box in ansu/er to the following questions (explain each "yes" ans\ /er on the end
page of this form).

(a) Have you, during the past two yean, been charged with a hilure to meet the claims ol your
sub-contractors, material suppliers or labour suppliers? O Yes D No
(b) Have you everfailed to qualifr as a responsible bidder? O Yes 0 No
(c) Hare you ever failed to enter into a contract after an award was made?
E Yes O No
(d) Have you ever failed to complete any work awarded? .............D Yes D No
(e) Has your application for surety bond ever been declined? .................
O yes D No

Certification : For the purpose of establishing financial responsibility wkh ........... .........., W€
fumish the above as a true and correct statement of our financial condition on
....r.r.r..., 20.........., and further certi! that all other statements are true and
correct. Since the date of the above statement we agree to notifr you immediately in
writing of any materially unhvourable change in our linancial condition. ln the absence of
such notice or a new financial statement, this is to be considered as a valid statement.

Signature of Authorised fficial

Title

Name of Buiiness :

Date

Xgle: Add more pages, if needed.

Annex lfl-S : Cileria'D' 6

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Annex lll-5 : Criteria'D'

 Annex III-6

GUIDELINES'D'
for conducting awareness raising campaigns
To be used by the DIAPS

l.O Target Groups

The awareness campaign is targeted to the following groups of people.

l. Road Neighbours (Common and Entrepreneur)

ll. Local Representatives
lll. Road Users'Committee Members (District and Local)
lV. Local Contractors, Potential Work Supervisors and Labour Group Leaders.

Definition of the Target Groups

l. Roa,{ Neig"'^urs

o Common Neighbours = Common people hving adjacent to a road (typically within

I .50 km either side of road boundary).
o Road Side Entrepreneurs = Local entrepreneur like hoteUrestaunnt omer, grocery
shop owner, cottage industy owner, etc. They are
special sub-group of road-rreighbours rafro are involved
in commercial aaivities and industnes.

ll. LocalRepresentatives a Elected representatives of the Vllage Derelopment

Councils through which road passes.

lll. Road Users'Committee Members

o District Road Users'Committee (DRUq + Members of the DRUC formed as per the approved
procedures.
. Local Road Users'Commrttee (LRUC) + Members of the LRUG formed locally as per the
approved procedures.

tv. Local Contractors. Potential Work

Supervisors and Labour Group Leaders

Local Contractors Those small scale contractors who are involved rn

Potentral Construction Supervisors and
Labour Group Leaders
constructron activties (not necessarily formally regrstered
ones). The contractors may be selected from the
informal Sroups active in rariety of local construction
work like building prirate houses, trails. local culverts
and bridges, canals, etc.
Persons selected from the local people on the basis of
therr skrlls, past experiences and involvement in roadltrarl
construction 61 5171'1ilxp rar6rk.

Annex 1116 : Guidetines'D' t

2.O Campaign Obiectives

farget Group Objectives

l. Road Neighbours
To inform the road neighbours about the selectron of road alignment.
=
+ To make them aware of the general advantages and explarn them how best
they can explort opportunrties/accessrbility provrded by the road for their
general socio-economic derelopment.
To explain what is expected from them during the planning, construction ard
= operation of the road and make them understand the desrrable and
undesirable activities of road neighbours.
To explain the modalities of rmplementation, roles and responsibilities of the
= concemed parties.
- To leam abourt road neighbours'
of the road.
correrns and suggestions regarding
construction and operation

ll. Local Representatives + To explain to the elected representatirrcs abor:t the adopted planning process,
ard roles and responsibilities of the elected representatives.
To errourage the represenatires to plan local development activites taking
= adrantages of the accessibility provided by the road.
To ercourage them to mobilise the people for the construction of the road
= and to play active role in conflict resolutions.

lll. Road Users'

Commiftee Members
To make DRUC members aware of the geneql requirements of technical,
= social and erwironmental standards and g.ridelines for rural roads'
- To explain to them the approach adopted for the derrclopment of road e.g.
labour-based. local resource-oriented ard environment-friendly approach.
To discrss ard make them urderstand the diMsion of roles and responsitilities
= of DRUC and LRUC during corsfrrtion as uaell as operational sages.
+ To explain the v"alr of organising frrrma! meetings ard keeping records of the
meetinp.
To discrss with them the wap of mobilising the road wers (rrighbours and
= non-neighboun) for the corrtnrtion and maintenarre of roads.
+ To make them aware about the system of payment, account keeping ard
finarrial management.
+ To explain general aspects of planning ard implementation of consbrrtion
uork and routine repair/maintenarre of conshrted roads.

lV. LocalContractors. + To ircrease their undersanding regarding the importance of corservation ol

PotentialWork local resources, arnenities and environrnert. ard how it is taken care of during

Suoervisors and corstruction.

Labour Group
+ To explain to them the techniqrrs ard skills of labour-based, local resource-
oriented ard enMronment-friendly constnrction.
Leaders
To irrrease their urdersanding on the importance of dralnage work and
= water management.
To explain the general aspec6 of bio-engireering for roadside protection.
= To make them aware abor.rt the mo6t effectiw wap of resource (abour.
= material, equipment, tooh, time, etc.) management
make them aware of best practices in
= To
erwironment-frierdlv road constrwtion.
being used labour-based,

Annex 1116 z Guidelines'D'

 Target Groups Campaigning I'ledia

l. Road Neighbours o Displaying posters (about genenl route ard other relerant information) at
public places such as VDC Oftices, Ward Offices, Public Ubrary, Clubs, Tea
Stalls, Schools, etc.
o . Distriburting pamphles to the nerghbours'
o Orpanisinp mass meetinps.
ll. Local Representatives . Organise meetings ard information dissemination workhops.

llt. Road Usen' Committee o Organise meetings and tnining workhop.

Members
lV. Local Contractors, o organise training workhops, on-the-job training proSrammes and field
Potential Work Supervisors study tours6he visi6.
ard Labour Group Leaden

4.0 lmplementation Procedures and Steps

The Human Resources Development Section (HRDS) of DoLIDAR will prepare all campargn
materials such as posters, pamphlets, charts. audio-visuals, handouts and other training materials
needed for every target grouP.

Each DIARS will develop and finalise the annual programme for awareness campaigns (see
Secdon 5.O : Sampte Awarenes Campaigns) for the respective district. The DIARSs must
take a lead role in deciding the nature of each awareness campaign and in implementing it in active
partnership with the local NGOs. Local NGOs should be mobilised in order to disseminate the
information by distributing the pamphleb and displaying the posters at places like VDC Offices,
Ward Oftices, Tea Stalls, Local Clubs, Schools and other places where people gather.

4.t Preparation of NGO lnventory

Each DIARS will prepare an inventory of the local NGOs working in the respective district. For
this purpose, local NGOs will be invited to register themselves at the DDC (see Section 6.O :
NGO Reglstration Form; if they are interested to be involved in conducting the awareness
campaigns. Once an inventory of the interested NGOs is prepared, the DIARS will screen and
make preliminary selection of potential candidate NGOs.

4.2 NGO Screening Criteria

NGOs may be screened and selected preliminarily on the basis of

a. whether they are located and working in the proposed road corridors:
b. relevanq of their nature of work to the proposed road development approach (their
involvement in participatory community development and local infrastructure development);
c. how active they are in the area and whether they maintain good relation with the local
people;

Anner lll-6 : Guidelines'D'

 d. whether they have established oftices, adequate staffs. etc. and are capable of organising
proposed awareness programmes.

4.3 Orientation to the NGOs

The group of NGOs selected as per ?ara. 4.2 : l{GO Screening Criteria wil! be invited to
participate in an orientation workshop organised by the DIAPS. Arm of such programme is to
make the NGOs fully aware of the adopted approach of rural road development (i.e. Labour-
based, environment-friendly, local resource-oriented, participatory approach). They should
further be made aware of the Implemenution Strateg of distria and the OeM Sfidteg of
individual sub-prolects.

Orientation Programme for NGOs

Time Topic
09:30 - 0: l5 furral Roads: Aims and obiectrves; Linkaqes wth other sectorc
l0: l5 - 0:30 Discussion
l0:30 0:45 Tea break
10:45 - I l:30 Participatory planning: Construction and marntenance of rural roads - Roles of local ar:thorities,
NGOs, Community-based Orqanrsations and Road Neighbours
- I l:45
l:30 Discussion
I :45 - l2:30 Need for environmental inteqration in rural road development
2:30 - l2:45 Discussion
2:45 - l3:45 Lunch break
l3:45 - l4: l5 General requirements for labour-based, environment-friendly construction modality and
oarticioatorv aooroach
4:15 - 4:30 Discussion
4:30 - 5:00 Best oractices for labour-based, environment-friendly road constructlon
5:00 - 5:15 Discussion
5: l5 5:30 Tea break
l5:30 - l7:00 Purpose of conducting awareness campaigns for the development of rural roads ard its effect to
the mobilisation of road neighbours
l7:00- l7:15 Wrao-uo and Closinp

4.4 Proposal from the NGOs

Each DIARS should solicit proposals from the selected local NGOs for organising the linalised
programmes. Such proposals should
. explain how the Programme will be implemented;
o consist of budget and work plan for the programmei and
o contain other information such as O/s of resource persons, disciplines covered, etc.

4.5 Final Selection and Signing of agreement with the t{GOs

Each DIARS will make final selection of NGOs through which the awareness campaign
programmes willbe implemented. Such selection will be made on the basis of
o practicality of the proposal iuUminea by them;
r demonstration made in the proposal about their understanding on the approach; and
o their participation in the orientation workshop.

Annex lfl-6 ; Guidelines'D' 4

 Then, the DDC should sign the agreements with the selected NGOs for the implementation of
respective awareness programmes.

4.6 lmplementation Steps

The DIARS and NGOs shall follow the below-mentioned steps for the identified
awareness raising programmes.

I, ROAD NEIGHBOURS

t. ldentify the villages to be covered and form groups.

ii. Fix venue, date and time for each group of the neighbours.
iii. lnform the residents through informers, public notices, ward oftices.
iv. Oqganise mass meetings.

Materials needed

o Posters and o General route of the Road.

photographs r Agood Road + Well-maintained, clean, Sreen, attractive.
showing o A bad Road + Debris on road surface, unattended damaged side-
drains and non-functional cross drainage structures, slides, de-
vegetated vicinity.
Road neighbours activities such as
un-terraced cuhivation too close to roadl
-
= road surface damaged by crossing of irrigation canals and
drinking water pipes, etc.;
grazing animals and fodder collection from roadside, mowing
=
roadside grasses, etc. ;
roadside slope excavation for clay and stones;
=
building houses too close to road or slide-prone areas.
=
lmpact of bad Roads
Termination of side drains on private properties.
=
Flooding of land and/or houses.
=
Agricuttural land covered by construction wastes, debris, etc.
=
Dust nuisance to residents, pedestrians and effect on crops.
=
o Charts a Expected local participation.
a mplementation Strategy.
I

a O & M Strategy.
a Advantages and risks to local communities.
a Role of local communities in environmental conservation.

II. LOCAL REPRESENTATIVES

l. ldentify the elected representatves of the road influence corridor.

ii. Fix date, time and venue for meeting/workshop.
iii. lnform each representative in writing.
iv. Organise meetings/workshops.

Anner 1116 : Guidelines'D' 5

 Materials needed

o Posters and o Road route.

photographs o lnduced development due to accessibility (tourism, market-oriented
showing agricuhural prolducts, cottage industries, hotel and lodges, etc.).
o Tollcollection and road maintenance.

o Charts o Roles and responsibilities of local authorities.

o Roles and responsibilities of elected representatives.
o Steps of integrated local development planning.
o Need for environmental conservation in road influence area.

III. ROAD USERS'COMMITTEE MEMBERS

t. Form the Commiftee(s).

ii. Fix venue. date and time for meeting/workshop (in consuttation with the committee).
iii. lnform the committee(s) in writing.
iv. Organise meetings/Wod<shops.

Materials needed

t Videos o Planning, resource mobilisation and reporting aspects of rural road

showing development.
o Operation and maintenance aspects.

o Posters and
o Proposed road route.
photographs o Senskive spots to be touched or to be avoided.
showing o Road sections compatible and non-compatible to rural setting
(seleaed posters prepared for Users, Eleaed Representatives etc.).

a Charts o Comparison of a road constructed through labour-based,

environmental-friendly modality whh a road buih by using traditional
equipment-based techniques.
o General technical, social and environmental requiremenb of a rurd
road.
o Sources of conflicts and their resolutions.
o Social mobilisation steps and process.
o Organising meetings.
o Financial management.
o Labour management.

IV. LOCAL CONTMCTORS. WORK SUPERVISOPS AND I-ABOUR GROUP LEADERS

i. Vsit to local areas where relevant construction work is taking place and visually observe
their level of skills (in sample areas onty).
ii. Develop a criteria to select the Potential Work Supervisors and Labour Group Leaders.
iii. Put up public notices along the proposed route inviting such persons to register their
names.

Annex fll-6 : Guidelines'D' 6

 iv. ldentify and select the Potential Work Supervisors and Labour Group Leaders among the
registered local people.
v. Organise workhops and field study tours/site visits.

Materials needed

o Posters o Excavation, hauling and filling (recommended/not-recommended)

: [ffi;T vegetation, soir, agricuhurar rand and tocar

resources/amenities.
o Bad and good dninage systems (problems created by bad ones).

:Hffi:ffi:$:sli'"'andtreeprantationinroadsides'
o Turfing.
o Jute-netting and other bio-engineering techniques.
a Dry stone retaining walls.
a Bamboo terracing.

o Charb a lmportance of vegetation and soil.

a Steps of excavation, Iilling and compaction.
a Problems that can be created by water.
a Means of effective utilisation of labourers.
a Maintaining tools and equipment.
a Control of construction hazards.
a Best labour practices.

5.0 Sample Awareness Campaigns

The following campaign programmes should be considered as 'samples'which could be included

in the annual awareness programme of the district. The characteristics of these campaign
programmes such as duration, content, etc. can be modified in order to address the specific
requirements of each district. When preparing the annual programme, DIARS engineer should try
to reach as many participants as possible within the budget available for this purpose. This could
be done either by reducing the duration of each campaign or by increasing the number of
participants. However, it is impoftant to discuss these issues whh the selected NGOS prior to the
implementation o[ each campaign programme.

l. Target Group : Road Neighbours

Duration : Half-day

Time Topic
0:30 - 0:45 lntroduction to Road Proiect
0:45 - :00 Road route
:00 - l5 mplementation Modalities. nrolve ment of women
I I

15 - 30 Contribution and participation by local people; Ownership of the Road

30- 45 Operation and Maintenance Strategy
45- 2:00 Envronmental consenration and its effects to Road
2:00 - ):45 Comments and quarnes made by the Road Neiehbours
2:45 - 3:00 Clodnq

Annex lll-6 : Guidelines'D' 7

 ll. Target Group : Local Representatives
;. Duration : Half-day
*
4

Time Topic
l2:30 - l2:50 lntroduction to Proiect and its lmplementation Mechanism
l2:50 - l3:00 Discussion
l3:00 - l3:20 Roles and responsibilrties of local authorities and elected representatrves in Plannrng,
Constructron and Maintenance of Road
l3:?-0- l3:30 Discussion
l3:30 - l3:50 lntegrating road development with local development and environmental
conservation
3:50 - 4:00 Discussion
4:00 - 4:30 Tea break
4:30 - 5:00 O & M Stratesy - Fund, lnstiMion and Responsibilities
5:00 - 5:45 Comments and quanies made by the participants
5:45 - 6:00 Closinp

lll. Target Group : Road Users'Committee Members (DRUC and LRUCs)

Duration :One-day

Time Tooic
09:00 - 09:30 Orrcrview of labour-based. erwironment-frierdlv fural Road
09:30 - 09:45 Discr.rssion
09:45 - l0: l5 Technical. socialand erwironmental quidelirns for Rr-rral Roads
0:15 - 10:30 Discrssion
0:30 - l:@ Tea break
l:00 - l:30 Tools and technioues for mobilisinp local communities for oanicioation
l:30 - l:45 Discussion
l:45 - 2: l5 Division of duties ard authoritv in Rr:nl Road Derrelopment
2:15 - 2:30 Discussion
2:30 - 3:30 Lunch break
3:30 - 4:00 Orpanisins meetinps and reoortinp s\6tem
4:00 - 4: l5 Discussion
4:15 - 4:45 Pavment orocedures ard accounts keeoinp
4:45 - 5:00 Discussion
5:00 - 5:30 Tea break
5:30 - 6:00 Manasement of small contractors and labour qrouos
6:00 - 6:15 Discmsion
6:15 - 6:30 Closinp

lV. Target Group : Local Contractors, Wo* Supervisors and Labour Group Leaders

Stage I : One-day workshop

Stage ll :Site visit to a rural road which was constructed through labour-based,
environment-friendly construction techniques and participatory approach

Anner lll-6 : Guidelines'D' 8

 Sage I : One-day workshop

Time Tooir
l0:00- l0:45 Problem of soil erosion and importance of soilcorrenation
10:45- I l:@ Disctssion
ll:00- ll:45 Appropriate techrologies for slope protection and soil consenration: Gradual
widening: Bdaming cut ard filh Hessian bag walls; Turfng: Gully control; Bamboo
terracinp: lute nettinp: Drv stone retainins walls: etc.
l:45 - 2:00 Discussion
2:00 - 3:00 Lunch break
3:00 3:30 Aoorooriate technolopies (Contd.)
3:30 - 4:00 Discussion
4:00 - 4:00 Bio-eneineerinq measures for roadside protection
4:30 - 4 45 Discussion
4:45 - 5:15 Tea break
5: l5 - l5:45 lmoortance of uater manaeernent Simole drainase uorls for Rrnl Road
5:45 - l6:00 Discussion
16:00 - 16:45 Resource managernent (labour, material, tools. equipment and time): Control of
consfwtion hazards: ard Best labour practices
l6:45 - l7:00 Discussion
17:00 - 17: l5 Closinq

6.0 NGO REGISTMTION FORM

A. Background lnformation:

Name of NGO :
Date and place of establishment :

Office address :

Contact percon, address and telephonefax, if available :

Main field of involvementlwork :

B. Present Office Eearers

Annex lll 6 : Gurde/rnes 'D' 9

 C. (hher Resource Persons available from the NGO

& S.l{o. Name Qualilication and Field ol Eroertise

D. Projects undertaken in the last live year:

Year Proiect llame Location Budset Benelit lndication

E ParOerchip with other organisations in implemendng programmes/ptojects

llamc of thc Funding Agency Partnerc (Locd Authorities, other

Procremme/Pmlect Orpanisations. ilGos. etc.l

Signature of authorised peson :

Name and Position of ar.rthorised person :

Place : Date :

Anner lll-6 : Guidelines'D' l0

 Annex III-7

SAMPLE'C'
A MODEL PROIECT COMPLETTON REPORT
for a rural road/trail proiect

o Section I-GENEML
(a) Name of project

(b) Class of Transport Linkage : A/ B ICID/E (circte the appropriate one.)

(c) District

(d) \DCs served by the link

(e) Type of projea Periodic Maintenance / Rehabilitation / Upgrading / New Construction

(unaeairn the appropriate one.)

(0 Starting date

(g) Completion date

(h) Reporting date

o Section II - SATIENT IEATURES

(a) Technical features

o Beginning Point

o End Point

o Length

Design capacity Vehicles per day both ways TU per day both ways

Design speed km per hour

Right of way m from centre to either side

Formation width ....................... m

e Cross-section of drains m2 from Ch. ............ to Ch. (one side / both sides)

m2 from Ch. ............ to Ch. (one side / both sides)

m2 from Ch. ............ to Ch. (one side / both sides)

Annex lll-7 : Sample C' 1

 (one side / both sides)

.;
(one side / both sides)

(one srde / bcth sides)

(one side / both sides)

a Carriageway width

a Surface of linkage earthen / gravelled / brick paved (unaearne the appropriate one.)

Maximum gradient ,,,.,.,,.,,%

r Free board from HFL : ....................... m

a Minimum radius in horizontal curves '......,...........'... m

a Cross slope in carriageway camber ,,.,,..,.,.%

a Carriageway width at culvert/bridge ....................... m

a Number of cross-drainage structures .... no.

Details of cross-drainage structures

s. Chainage Eridge Causeway Cuhert 0thers

No. Length (m) Length (m) Slab Pipe Bor Size of openrng
(concreterlaaooden) (Sim pleNe ntedr€levated) Span (m) Oxno. LxB (mxm)

t0

il
t2

Annex lll-7 : Sample'C' 2

(b) Socio-economicfeatures

o Who inhiated the project ? .................

r Who assisted the project ? .................

. Names of villages benefited

o No. of households bene{ited households

o Population having direct access to services (market, health, education) people

o Project constr.rct€,{ bY '

Road Users'Committee tr
Local contractor tr
Road Users'Committee and Local contractor
(tia< tne El
approprrate box)
I
o Direct employment generated by the project :

Skilled labour .....................person days

Unskilled labour ..person days

Project Cost: NRs.

Breakdown of project cost :

Labour

Construction material NRs............ (......%)

Transportation

Equipmentltools

Miscellaneous

o lf funded by WFP under Food-for-Work, details of food commodities spent :

Arrnex lll.? . Sanrf,A C' T

a Section III - Other Information
(a) *Description of activities (new construction/upgrading/rehabilitation/periodic maintenance) canied
out
under the project.

(b) Comparative benelits before and after the project intervention (write in bullet form).

(c) Establishment of social organisation (number of members, malerfemale representation, registration

done ? where ? training receMed ? if so, what are those ? etc.).

About District Roads Users'Committee (DRUq

Annex lll.7 : Sarn/a C' 4

 About Local Roads Users' Committee (LRUq

(d) Responsibility of maintenance (as agreed, indicate who is responsible ? - LRUC or DRUC or VDC or
DDC or any other social organisation like Youth Club' NGO, etc.)'

For Routine Maintenance : (ttrttre El appropriate box&oxes)

Local Road Use6' Committee T

District Road Users' Committee tr
Mllage Development Committee tr
District Development Commiftee tr
Any other social organisation
(sp..,fy ................'......... )
tr
For Periodic Matntenance : (ttttne Fl opprop.a," box&oxes)

Local Road Users' Committee tr

District Road Users' Committee T
Village Development Committee tr
District Development Commiftee T
Any other social organisatron
(Spe.,fV ......)
tr

Chairman of LRUC Charrman of DRUC Project-ln-Charge

lnspection Date DDC Chairman DIARS Engineer

Annex lll-7 : Sample'C' 5

 Section lV
Annexes for Chapter
 Annex IV- 1

Specimen Operation and Maintenance Strateg;y

A specimen for preparing the OelM strategy of a rural road proiect
To be agreed by DDC (DIARS, DPU), VDCs, O&M Users'Committee and Concerned Parties

@nstructionofalinkageorbeforeopenln8thelinkagefortnflic,operatronandMaintenance
Strategy should be formulated and agreed upon by the concerned partres.

7. We, the representatives of the parties undersrgned, agree on the terms made for the oPeration
and maintenance activities of this rural road project as outlined in the Agreed Terms of the
Operation and Maintenance Strategy which is part of this Memorandum of Understanding.

We are committed to our contribr-rtion, role, duty and authority spelled-out in the Operation and
Maintenance Strategy against ourselves. We will maintain a good working relation, co-operation
and communication among ourselves and facilitate smooth execution of the work under the
agreed individual jurisdiction.

Code ilame and Designation Party represented Annual Contribution Signeture

Agreed
(NRs. or'7o)

A
DDC
B
VDC
C
VDC
D
VDC
E
VDC
F
VDC
G
VDC
H
VDC

O&M Users'Committee

Drstrict Road Users'

Commrttee (DRUC)

Annex lV-1 : Spccrncrt Or)cri'lt,on and Marnlcnance Slrategy 1

 Agreed'fcrrns
of the Operation and Maintenance Strategy

Formatron and regrstratron of O&M Users'Conrmrnee

A,J&BorA,J&
Fixing of road tolls and issuance of gu,del,nes for toll colle?ioi

Collectrng road toll and keeprng darly reccrds on:

r traffic volume by t/pes
o .number of passengers
o volume and types of goods transported (in and out)
. total toll collected
Perrodic monitoring, recordrng ."port B, C, D,......... or
structures. The followng aspects "nd
wll be checked: any other VDC or
o condition of road side drarns group of VDCs
r condrtron of road surface
. damaging activities of local people
o condrtion of check walls and brext walls
o coMrtion of stone causeways
o condition of culverts and brrdges
o condition of slopes rn rmmedrate vicinrty of roads
o condrtion of hume-pipes
o condrtron of flood-ways

Recordrng the followng aspects wrthin the ,.o@ A&BorA&Cor

rchange in number of households A & any other VDC
.change rn agrrcultural practices
o development of new settlements, market centres. etc.
o development of new economtc actMttes

cleaning debns on the srde drarns, road surface. curverts and bndges,
'
causeways, hume-prpes, etc.
o filhng of small pot holes on the road surface

' control of damage to the road due to local people's actrvtres hke
crosstng of roads by rrrgatron canals and drinkrng water prpes,
drsposal of rnaterAarxtewater on road, sorl excavatron from the srde
slopes, stone eltractton, etc
o marntenance of planted vegetatton wrthrn the npht-of.

A&BorA&Cor
A & any orher VDC
through I or
contractor
Rehabrlitatron or upgradrng of road

+attf, t**tttrtrrtltit**tttlt+*tt+tt*tr**
End of Memorandum of Understanding

Annex lV-1 : Specmen Operation anA Uiitenance Strategy

 MANUAT
APPROAGH fur the preporotionl*i f,
for the development of DisHrcr Tronsporl trtosler Plon ond I
Agriculturol ond Rurol Roods the implerrcnlulion d rurol rood 1
Ihe Notionol Shotqy lw rurol infroslrr'rt"uii.daahedta
o policy odopted Uy'nis ffoiesty" O.i#rffii"r of Ni
in' I 99b, envisogei o single oiprooch tor'r6e. ar;relili:-Sfi
menl of rurol infrostruclrlre os o meons of regulolinil yf
.f*rl.=.,
of infroslructurol oaMtids;'1"'d
reslroined, od-hoc growlh i
firoughounhe counlry. rh" rt'ii' t.1
";;;iirrriJ-ii
monuol provides he necessory fromeurork ond difedinns - l
lo the locol governing instilutions, porliculorly lhe DDCs;1;
for plonning, implemenlolion ond moinlenonce of o6iri.t:
culturol ond rurol roods folling under fheir iurisdidion.

This document oullines the steps for the preporotion of

long-lerm districl lronsporl percpective plons ond thi
medium-lerm districl tronsporl mosler plons ond spells
out lhe implementotion modolities for conslruclion ond
moinlenonce of rurol roods with essentiol formots ond
guidelines. The key steps lo be followed in ihe preporo-
lion of distrid tronsport rnosfer plons ore:
r preporolion ond finolisolion of lndicofive Developrnent
Potentiol Mop of distri,cl;
r preporolion of Districl lnventory Mop of rurol rood
network;
r colledion of demonds from VDCs for nerr lronsport
linkoges;
r preporolion of droft furspective Plon of districl rurol
rood neiwork,'
synchronising the drofi perspective plons of odioining
' -lf..'
' di*rias;
.,,
r occeptonce of the Ferspective PIon of district rurol rood
4, #tt[ network; ond
. I rl/..'?i
lf
r preporolion of Five-yeor Rurol Rood Mosler Plon ol
fr. --;r'
t .". district.
.

,:,*". -1,..
:'- .: Similorly lhe documenl deloils fie following steps for
.-illr implementotion ond moinlenonce phoses.
,,1 *-{, r
'
division of implemenlolion responsibilities omong
.J.
slokeholders,'
. detoiled surveys; preporotion of engineering deeigns, .

cosl-eslimoles, users' commitlee o g reemenls, coriirod

documenls, elc.;
formolion/registrotion of users' commitlees, signing
ogreemenls, hndering ond selection of conhoclors,
owo rding conlrocts, elc.;
oworeness roising, orienlolion ond lroining of useri'
commitlees ond conlroctors; 1

r implemenlolion of conslruction octivities;

r oudiling; commissioning of built rurol infrostnrcture;
ond
r division of responsibililies omong the stokehblders on
operolion ond moinlenonce.

tu rhe firs, of irs kind published by r6b DoLIDAR, rhis

:,
ti monuol will prove to be very essenliol resour@ bosa for
lhe ogencies involved in the developmenl of rurol infro,
slruclure in Nepol.

DoIIDARIDOG/Ot
*, ,.