ENGLISH

Presented by

Athira Chandran R I

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 Topics included in this session
▪What is Active Voice?
▪What is Passive Voice?
▪Conversion

Expected Questions from this

session
▪Choose the Correct Answer
▪Error Correction
☆ Active Voice
▪When the subject of a sentence
performs the verb’s action, we say
that the sentence is in the active
voice.
▪Sentences in the active voice have a
strong, direct, and clear tone.
E.g.:
Monkeys adore bananas.
▪Monkey subject, adore verb and
bananas object.
▪The subject monkey performs the
action described by adore.
☆ Passive Voice
▪When the subject of a sentence is the
recipient of a verb’s action, we say that
the sentence is in the passive voice.
▪Passive Voice is constructed using the
past participle form of the verb (V3) .
▪There will be a preposition in the
passive voice.
E.g.:
Bananas are adored by monkeys.
▪ Bananas object, are adored verb, by
preposition, monkeys subject.
▪ The subject monkey is the recipient
of the action performs by the verb
adored.
☆ Structure of Active and Passive Voice.
▪Active Voice
Subject Verb Object (SVO).
E.g:.
Rama killed Ravana.
▪Passive Voice
Object Verb Subject (OVS).
E.g.:
Ravana was killed by Rama.
☆ When to use Passive Voice
▪ Passive Voice is used when we want to
highlight the object.
▪ Passive Voice is also used when we do
not want to reveal the doer of the action,
i.e, subject or we are not aware of who has
done the action.
▪ Newspaper Reporters commonly use
Passive Voice to hide the source of the
news.
Note:
▪ Passive Voice is possible only for 7
forms of tenses:
1. Simple Present
2. Present Continuous
3. Present Perfect
4. Simple Past
5. Past Continuous
6. Past Perfect
7. Simple Future
▪ Interrogative sentences have passive
voice but it will also be Interrogative in
form.
▪ Imperative sentences also have
passive form.
▪ Passive form is possible only if the verb
is Transitive.
▪ Intransitive verbs do not have any
Passive form.
▪ If a sentence is Ditransitive, passive
voice can be formed using both the
objects.
Transitive Verb and Intransitive Verb
▪A transitive verb is one that has
an object.
▪An intransitive verb is one that has no
object.
E.g.:
1. The choir sang carols.
( Transitive Verb)
2. Peter always sings in the bath.
(Intransitive Verb)
Object
▪ An object is a noun, pronoun, or noun
phrase on which a verb performs an
action.
▪ There are two types of objects.
1. Direct Object
2. Indirect Object
▪ A direct object answers the question of
who or whom or what.
▪ An indirect object answers the question
of to whom, for whom, or for what.
E.g.:
They sent him a postcard
▪A postcard — Direct Object
▪Him — Indirect Object
▪ A postcard was sent to him by
them.
▪ He was sent a postcard by them.
☆ Conversion
1. Simple Present
▪Active Voice
Subject + V1
Subject + V1 + ‐s/ ‐es
E.g.:
He writes poems.
▪Passive Voice
Object + is/ am/ are + V3
E.g.:
Poems are written by him.
2. Present Continuous
▪Active Voice
Subject + is/ am/ are + verb + ing.
E.g.:
He is writing poems.
▪Passive Voice
Object + is / am/ are + being+ V3
E.g.:
Poems are being written by him.
3. Present Perfect
▪Active Voice
Subject + has/ have + V3
E.g.:
He has written poems.
▪ Passive Voice
Object + has/ have + been + V3
E.g.:
Poems have been written by him
4. Simple Past
▪ Active Voice
Subject + V2
E.g.:
He wrote poems.
▪ Passive Voice
Object + was/ were + V3
E.g.:
Poems were written by him.
5. Past Continuous
▪ Active Voice
Subject + was/ were + verb + ing
E.g.:
He was writing poems.
▪ Passive Voice
Object + was/ were + being + V3
E.g.:
Poems were being written by him.
6. Past Perfect
▪ Active Voice
Subject + had + V3
E.g.:
He had written poems.
▪ Passive Voice
Object + had+ been + V3
E.g.:
Poems had been written by him.
7. Simple Future
▪ Active Voice
Subject + will/ shall + V1
E.g.:
He will write poems.
▪ Passive Voice
Object + will/ shall (auxiliary verb) + be
+ V3
E.g.:
Poems will be written by him.
Note

The passive form of continuous ,

perfect and simple future will take
being , been and be respectively in
their passive voice.
▪ Passive Voice of Imperatives
▪ Active Voice
Verb + object
E.g.:
Shut the door.
▪ Passive Voice
Let + object + be + V3
E.g.:
Let the door be shut.
▪ Passive Voice of Yes/ No Type
Questions
▪ Do/ Does Questions
▪ Active Voice
Do/ Does + subject + verb + object.
E.g.:
Do they expect her arrival today?
▪ Passive Voice
Is/ Am/ Are + object + V3 + subject.
E.g.:
Is her arrival expected today by them?
▪ Did Questions
▪ Active Voice
Did + subject + verb + object.
E.g.:
Did the noise frighten you?
▪ Passive Voice
Was/ Were + object + V3 + subject
E.g.:
Were you frightened by the noise?
▪ Have/ Has Questions
▪ Active Voice
Have/ Has + subject + verb + object
E.g.:
Have they finished the work?
▪ Passive Voice
Have/ Has + object + been + V3 + subject.
E.g.:
Has the work been finished by them?
▪ Had Questions
▪ Active Voice
Had + subject + verb + object
E.g.:
Had someone mended that radio?
▪ Passive Voice
Had + object + been + V3 + subject
E.g.:
Had that radio been mended by
someone?
▪ Questions beginning with Auxiliary Verbs
▪ Active Voice
Auxiliary Verb + subject + verb + object.
E.g.:
Will they help you?
▪ Passive Voice
Auxiliary Verb + object + be + V3 + subject
E.g.:
Will you be helped by them?
▪ Passive Voice of Question word
Questions
▪ Active Voice
Question word + Yes/ No Type Question
E.g.:
When did they buy the car?
▪ Passive Voice
Question word + Passive form of Yes/
No Type Questions.
E.g.:
When was the car bought by them?
Note :
▪ A question starting with the question
word Who is an exception. The Passive
Voice of such a question stats with by
whom.
E.g.:
Who composed this piece?
By whom was this piece composed?
▪ More Examples
1. Swathi Thirunal composed this piece.
This piece was composed by Swathi
Thirunal.
2. The princess composes hymns.
Hymns are composed by the princess.
3. Farmers do not cultivate wheat in
Kerala.
Wheat is not cultivated in Kerala by
farmers.
4. Who can teach him manners?
By whom can he be taught manners?
5. Has the maid washed up all the dishes?
Have all the dishes been washed up by
the maid?
6. Did anyone ever teach you phonetics?
Were you ever taught phonetics by
anyone?
Was phonetics ever taught to you by
anyone?
7. Help me, please
Let me be helped please.
8. Let them build a hospital.
Let a hospital be built by them.
9. Somebody gave the child a box of
chocolates on its birthday.
The child was given a box of
chocolates on its birthday
by somebody.
A box of chocolates was given to
the child on its birthday by
somebody.
10. The authorities have refused
him a visa.

A visa has been refused to him

by the authorities.

He has been refused a visa by

the authorities.
USAGE OF OTHER PREPOSITIONS IN THE
PASSIVE FORM
There are a few Passive forms in which by is
replaced by some other Prepositions:
Active Voice
Grief overcame him.
Silence pervaded the atmosphere.
He knows the doctor personally.
His sudden return surprised me.
Tea can replace coffee.
Passive Voice
He was overcome with grief.
The atmosphere was pervaded with
silence.
The doctor is personally known to him.
I was surprised at his sudden return.
Coffee can be replaced with (by) tea.
▪ Conversion of Passive Voice to Active
Voice
▪ Step 1 — Find the subject and
objective and place it in their
respective positions.
▪ Step 2 — Identify the verb and change
it into its original form.
 Step 3 — Avoid the additional words
such as prepositions.
Examples:
1. The jar is filled by the falling sand.
The falling sand fills the jar
2. Reading is enjoyed by Mary.
Mary enjoys reading.
3. The town was destroyed by fire.
Fire destroyed the town.
4. The room will be cleaned by John
every Saturday.
John will clean the room every
Saturday.
5. Cheese was eaten by Sara.
Sara ate the cheese
Thank You...