CASTRO, SHERLY BIO 122/L-6604 CHEMBIO

MOLECULAR PROFILE

ETHANE

A. Chemical name: Ethane

B. Common name: Ethylene.

C. Chemical Formula: C₂H₆

D. Structural Formula:

E. Chemical Properties: Ethane is a colourless, odourless, gaseous hydrocarbon (compound containing only

hydrogen and carbon) which belongs to the paraffin subcategory. 

F. Chemical Composition: an aliphatic hydrocarbon (hydrogen [6] and [2] Carbon)

G. Physical Properties:
 Ethane appears as a colorless odorless gas. It is easily ignited. The vapors are heavier than air
 Ethane, refrigerated liquid appears as a colorless odorless very cold liquid. Boils at -88.6 °C
 Ethane is an alkane comprising of two carbon atoms. It has a role as a refrigerant and a plant metabolite.
 Molecular Weight/ Molar Mass: 30.07 g/mol
 Boiling Point: -89 °C
 Melting Point: -182.8 °C
 Density: 1.36 kg/m³

H. Occurrence: It is in the alkanes substance group with the molecular formula CnH2n+2 (saturated hydrocarbons),
and occurs as a trace gas in the atmosphere, i.e. in very low concentrations. After methane, ethane is the main
component of natural gas, and is also found in marsh gas.

I. Uses: In scientific research, it is used in liquid form for vitrifying water-rich materials. It can also be used for producing
ethyl alcohol, acetic acids or other similar organic compounds. It can also be liquefied for use as fuel for automobiles

J. Precautions: Ethane must be stored to avoid contact with OXIDIZING AGENTS (such as PERCHLORATES, PEROXIDES,
PERMANGANATES, CHLORATES, NITRATES, CHLORINE, BROMINE and FLUORINE) since violent reactions occur. * Store
in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area.
 Ethene

A. Chemical Name: Ethene

B. Common Name: Ethylene

C. Chemical Formula: C2H4

D. Structural Formula:

E. Chemical Properties:

Colourless gas at room temperature and pressure. Melting point −169oC.

 Slightly sweet smell.

 Flammable.
 Non-polar molecule. soluble in non-polar solvents & insoluble in polar solvents like water.
 Reactive: the active site is the double bond. Readily undergoes addition reactions.
.

F. Chemical Composition: a hydrocarbon that consists of four hydrogen atoms bound to a pair of carbon
atoms.

G. Physical Properties: It is lighter than air. It is a colourless gas, which is neutral to litmus and has a
faintly sweet odour.

H. Occurrence: Natural sources of ethylene include both natural gas and petroleum; it is also a naturally
occurring hormone in plants, in which it inhibits growth and promotes leaf fall, and in fruits, in which it
promotes ripening.

I. Uses: Fuel gas in welding, Cutting Operations, Petrochemical industries as a refrigerant and commercial
greenhouse as ripening agent for fruits and vegetables. Used in building blocks for vast range of chemicals
from plastic to antifreeze solutions and solvents.

J. Precautions: In ways of reducing the exposure you need to wear protective clothing. Ethylene should be
monitored because of the dangerous release of gas. If exposed, wash thoroughly in warm water
immediately.
ETHYNE
A. Chemical Name: Ethyne

B. Common Name: Acetylene

C. Chemical Formula: C2H2

D. Structural Formula:

E. Chemical Properties:

 Combustion – it burns in oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide

 Additional reaction – it undergoes additional reaction partially to form alkenes and completely to form alkanes.
 Polymerization – it polymerizes to form benzene.
 Substitution reaction – Ethyne reacts with ammoniacal copper chloride to for reddish-brown copper

F. Chemical Composition:  a hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne, triple-bonded 2 carbon organic compound and 2
hydrogen

G. Physical Properties:

 Physical state and odor: Ethyne (acetylene) is a color less gas with ether-like odor when pure. Ethyne prepared
from calcium carbide has a garlic odor due to the presence of impurities like phosphine and hydrogen sulphide.
 Solubility: Ethyne is slightly soluble in water, business highly soluble in organic solvents like acetone and
alcohol.
 Density: Ethyne is lighter than air.
 Character: Ethyne is poisonous gas. Liquid ethyne (acetylene) is highly explosive.
 Boiling point: Ethyne boils atomic -84 C(189K).

H. Occurrence: We can find the occurrence of acetylene in nature, especially dissolved in water. It can also be found in
natural gas and in oil wells together with crude oil and other gasses. Moreover, it is also a part of some atmosphere of the
solar planet.

I. Uses: Many industries use acetylene widely in the welding process because of the high temperature of acetylene
flames. It is useful in the production of polypropylene, obtained by the plastic industry.

J. Precautions: Store out of direct sunlight and away from sources of heat and ignition; temperature must not exceed
125F. Acetylene cylinders must never be stored on their sides. Always place valve protectors on gas cylinders when the
cylinders are not connected for use.
HEPTANE

A. Chemical name: Heptane

B. Common name: n-Heptane

C. Chemical formula: C7H16

D. Structural formula:
-

E. Chemical properties: N-heptane is a color less liquids with a petroleum-like odor. Flash point 25
Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air.

F. Chemical composition: Heptane is a straight-chain alkane with seven carbon atoms ang 16 hydrogen
atom: straight-chained saturated hydrocarbon. It has been found in Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi). It has a role as
a non-polar and a plant metabolite. It is a volatile organic compound and an alkene.

G. Physical properties: Clear, colorless, very flammable liquid with a faint, pleasant odor resembling hexane
or octane.

H. Occurrence: In rubber cement, outdoor stove fuel, and in paint coatings.

I. Uses: Heptane is a solvent and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is suitable for HPLC, spectrophotometry,
environmental testing. And also, as standard in testing knock of gasoline engines.

J. Precautions: Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No
smoking. Take precautionary measures against static discharge. Protect from sunlight.
HEPTENE

A. Chemical Name: Heptene

B. Common Name: heptylene

C. Chemical Formula: C7H14

D. Structural Formula:

Its condensed structural formula is CH3CH2CHCHCH2CH2CH3

E. Chemical Properties: Heptene appears as a colorless liquid. Insoluble in Water and much less dense than
Water. Vapors heavier than air. Used to make other chemicals.

F. Chemical Composition: belongs to the class of organic compounds known as unsaturated aliphatic
hydrocarbons. These are aliphatic Hydrocarbons that contains one or more unsaturated carbon atoms.
These compounds contain one or more double or triple bonds

G. Physical Properties: appears as a colorless liquid. Insoluble in water and much less dense than water.
Vapors heavier than air. Used to make other chemicals.

H. Occurrence: is a natural product found in Attalea speciosa and Oryza sativa with data available. N-
heptene appears as a colorless liquid. Insoluble in water and much less dense than water.

I. Uses: It is used as an additive in lubricants, as a catalyst, and as a surfactant. The commercial product is a
liquid that is a mixture of isomers.

J. Precautions: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE LIQUID and a DANGEROUS FIRE HAZARD. can affect you when
breathed in and may be absorbed through the skin. Where possible, enclose operations and use local
exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local exhaust ventilation or enclosure is not used,
respirators should be worn.
HEPTYNE:

A. Chemical Name: Heptyne

B. Common Name: 1-heptyne
C. Chemical Formula: C7H12

D. Structural Formula:

E. Chemical Properties:

Melting point -81 °C (lit.)

Boiling point 99-100 °C (lit.)

Density 0.733 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)

vapor pressure 93.1 mm Hg ( 37.7 °C)

refractive index n 20/D 1.408(lit.)

F. Chemical Composition: 1-HEPTYNE contains total 18 bond(s); 6 non-H bond(s), 1 multiple bond(s), 3

rotatable bond(s) and 1 triple bond(s).

G. Physical Properties:

Melting point -81 °C (lit.)

Boiling point 99-100 °C (lit.)

Density 0.733 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)

vapor pressure 93.1 mm Hg ( 37.7 °C)

refractive index n 20/D 1.408(lit.)

H. Occurrence: 1-heptyne flavor usage levels up to: not for flavor use, Occurrence (nature, food, other)
I. Uses: 1-Heptyne is a basic building block for the synthesis of complex acetylenic molecules in
perfumery, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical industry. Specifically, 1-heptyne has been utilized to
synthesize conjugated linoleic acid isomers.
J. Precautions:
May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways. Causes skin irritation. Causes serious eye irritation.