Alcohol product/
IUPAC name Method of preparation
synonyms
1. Methyl Alcohol - Methanol - Original method of its
- wood spirit, preparation was by heating
wood alcohol wood at high temperature in the
absence of air.
- Is to react carbon monoxide
with water at a temperature of
about 250°C (480°F) and
pressures of 50 to 100
atmospheres over a mixed
catalyst of copper, zinc oxide,
and aluminum oxide. Efforts
are being made to develop
other methods of synthesizing
methyl alcohol.
2. Ethyl alcohol - Ethanol - It can be prepared by the
- Grain alcohol, fermentation of sugar, which
Fermentation requires an enzyme catalyst
alcohol, drinking that is present in yeast; or it
alcohol. can be prepared by the
fermentation of starch. The
concentration of ethanol
obtained by fermentation is
limited to about 10% (20 proof)
since at higher concentrations
ethanol inhibits the catalytic
effect of the yeast enzyme.
3. Isopropyl - Propan-2-ol - The method of producing
Classification/Properti
Uses
es
-Alcohol - Good fuel and used as
- It is a light, volatile, a solvent in paints
colorless, flammable - Its principal uses are in
organic synthesis, as a
liquid with a distinctive fuel, solvent, and
alcoholic odor similar to antifreeze. Methanol is a
that of ethanol (drinking polar liquid at room
alcohol). A polar temperature. It is used as
solvent, methanol antifreeze, solvent, fuel,
acquired the name and as a denaturant for
wood alcohol because it ethanol. The chemical is
also used to produce
was once produced biodiesel via
chiefly by the transesterification
destructive distillation of reaction
wood.
-Alcohol - An important industrial
- Ethanol is a clear, chemical; it is used as a
colorless liquid with a solvent, in the synthesis
of other organic
characteristic pleasant chemicals, and as an
odor and burning taste. additive to automotive
It is highly flammable. gasoline (forming a
Used to dissolve other mixture known as a
chemical substances gasohol). Ethanol is also
and mixes readily with the intoxicating ingredient
water and many organic of many alcoholic
beverages such as beer,
liquids. Ethanol is wine, and distilled spirits
considered a volatile
organic compound by
the National Pollutant
Inventory.
-Alcohol - A 70% isopropyl alcohol
 alcohol isopropyl alcohol direct from
- 2-propanol,sec- propylene and water vapor,
propyl alcohol, comprising subjecting a mixture
IPA isopropanol of the propylene and water
vapor to the action of an
elevated temperature in the
presence of a solid catalyst
comprising essentially
phosphoric acid and the
phosphate of a metal taken
from.
4. Ethylene glycol - Ethane-1,2-diol - With a highly selectivity and at
- ethanediol, a high yield by applying the
dihydric alcohol, catalyst comprising a carboxylic
glycol, diol acid and a carboxylic acid salt
or a metal salt of formic acid
alone.
5. Diethylene - 2,2'- - The common preparation
glycol Oxydi(ethan-1- method of diethylene glycol
- has a bitter taste, in water is marketed as
volatile, colorless liquid rubbing alcohol (used to
with a sharp musty odor combat high body
temperature by rubbing
like rubbing alcohol. on the skin).
Flash point of 53°F.
Vapors are heavier than
air and mildly irritating
to the eyes, nose, and
throat. Density
approximately 6.5 lb /
gal.
- Simplest member of - A chemical commonly
the glycol family of used in many commercial
organic compounds. and industrial
applications including
alcohol with two antifreeze and coolant.
hydroxyl groups on Ethylene glycol helps
adjacent carbon atoms keep your car's engine
- Colorless, odorless, from freezing in the
miscible in water, great winter and acts as a
antifreeze, airplane coolant to reduce
deicer that boils at 198 overheating in the
summer.
°C (388.4 °F). Its most
common use is as an
automotive antifreeze.
A 1:1 solution of
ethylene glycol and
water boils at 129 °C
(264.2 °F) and freezes
at −37 °C (−34.6 °F),
serving as an excellent
coolant in automotive
radiators.
- It is a colorless, - Used in the
manufacture of saturated
 - ethylene ol) monomethyl ether be by methyl practically odorless, and unsaturated
diglycol, diglycol, alcohol and oxyethane under poisonous, hygroscopic polyester resins,
dihydroxy diethyl the situation of control mol liquid with a sweetish polyurethanes, and
ether, 2,2 ratio, use BF 3-etherate plasticizers. DEG is used
oxybisethanol catalyzed reaction, when taste. It is miscible in as a building block in
generating ethylene glycol water, alcohol, ether, organic synthesis, e.g. of
monomethyl ether, acetone, and ethylene morpholine and 1, 4-
coproduction diethylene glycol glycolandliquid.Formula dioxane. It is a solvent for
methyl ether and triglycol : C4H10O3/ nitrocellulose, resins,
methyl ether. (CH2CH2OH)2O dyes, oils, and other
Molecular mass: 106.1 organic compounds.
Boiling point: 245°C
Melting point: -6.5°C
Relative density (water
= 1): 1.12 Solubility in
water: miscible Vapor
pressure, Pa at 20°C:
2.7
6. Ethyl carbitol - 3-(2 - The method according to the - Molecular formula - A synthetic liquid
- Ethyl diethylene ethoxyethoxyme present invention includes C6H14O3 Molar mass substance that absorbs
glycol; Ethylene thyl)nonan-3 ol combining n-heptanol as an 134.175 g/ mol Melting water. Propylene glycol is
diglycol azeotrope-forming agent to point -80℃ Boling
also used to make
monoethyl ether; crude. diethylene glycol point 282.7°C at 760 polyester compounds,
Poly-solv; monoethyl ether which contains mmHg Flash point
and as a base for deicing
Losungsmittel ethylene glycol as an impurity 124.8°C Solubility:
solutions. Propylene
APV; Monoethyl to form a mixture, subjecting miscible glycol is used by the
ether of the mixture to distillation chemical, food, and
diethylene glycol; whereby an overhead product pharmaceutical industries
Solvolsol comprising an azeotrope of as an antifreeze when
ethylene glycol and n-heptanol leakage might lead to
and a bottoms product are contact with food
produced, and recovering
purified diethylene glycol
monoethyl ether from the
bottoms product.
7. Propylene - Propane-1,2- - A process for the preparation - The class of alcohols, - is nontoxic and is used
glycol diol namely diols in drug preparations as
 - 1,2 of propylene glycol from - Racemate is a solvent. Used to treat
dihydroxypropane glycerol by a high pressure and hygroscopic viscous occasional constipation.
, 1,2 propanediol, temperature hydrogenation liquid and is slightly Polyethylene glycol 3350
methyl glycol, spicy. It has a specific is in a class of
and trimethyl reaction is described. In a gravity of 1.036 (25/4 medications called
glycol. Propylene particular embodiment, a base °C), a freezing point of- osmotic laxatives. It
glycol is clear, is present in the solvent mixture 59 °C, and a boiling works by causing water
colorless, slightly with an alkanol or ether of the point of 188.2 °C, to be retained with the
syrupy liquid at alkanol. The reaction respectively 83.2 °C stool. This increases the
room progresses over a transition (1,333 Pa). It is miscible number of bowel
temperature. metal catalyst. Propylene glycol with water, acetone, movements and softens
ethyl acetate and the stool so it is easier to
is used for antifreeze and chloroform, and is pass
deicing compositions. soluble in ether.
8. Polyethylene - - Process for preparing - A class of - Used as a moisturizer
glycol (PEG) Poly(oxyethylen activated polyethylene glycols medications called to treat or prevent dry,
- polyethylene e), Poly(ethyleneis disclosed. In some osmotic laxatives. rough, scaly, itchy skin
oxide (PEO) or oxide) embodiments, the process - Molecular weight 600 and minor skin irritations
polyoxyethylene includes reacting a molten are easily soluble with (e.g., diaper rash, skin
(POE) polyethylene glycol with an water in any ratio. burns from radiation
activator. In other These are soluble even therapy). Emollients are
embodiments, the process in hard water or the substances that soften
includes reacting a aqueous solutions of and moisturize the skin
polyethylene glycol with an various salts. The and decrease itching and
activator in the absence of a PEGs 400 are non- flaking.
solvent. The process may be volatile liquids at room
carried out in an inert gas temperature and in the
atmosphere, at a temperature absence of oxygen.
at least 10 Degree Celcius
above the melting point of
polyethylene glycol, and/or with
the activator provided in molar
9. Glycerin - Propane-1,2,3- - The method comprising the - Alcohol, Polyol - Used as a moisturizer
- biological triol steps of: providing a - Melting point of to treat or prevent dry,
antifreeze, paraformaldehyde and a crude 17.8°C. Its boiling point rough, scaly, itchy skin
cottonseed oil, glycerin; and reacting said is 290°C but it also and minor skin irritations
fat, mineral, paraformaldehyde and said decomposes at that (e.g., diaper rash, skin
butter, fusel oil, crude glycerin in a temperature. The burns from radiation
 unguent, mineral condensation reaction without presence of three therapy). Emollients are
oil, stearin, balm, the use of a secondary distilling hydroxyl groups makes substances that soften
paraffin agent for the removal of water. the compound and moisturize the skin
hygroscopic, with a and decrease itching and
tendency to absorb flaking
moisture from the air.
- Clear thick liquid ,
odourless, viscous
liquid that is sweet-
tasting and mostly non-
toxic -trihydroxy sugar
alcohol that is an
intermediate in
carbohydrate and lipid
metabolism
10. Erythritol - (2R,3S)- - Produced industrially - Sugar alcohol - Used in low-sugar and
- erythrol, Butane-1,2,3,4- beginning with enzymatic - Chemical sugar-free foods. It is
erythrite, tetrol hydrolysis of the starch from formula:C4H10O4 designed to replace
erythoglucin, corn to generate glucose. Molar mass 122.120 sugar and calories to
eryglucin, Glucose is then fermented with g·mol−1 Density:1.45 create “diet-friendly”
erythromannite yeast or another fungus to g/cm3 Melting point: results. Powdered
and phycite produce erythritol. Other 121 °C (250 °F; 394 K) erythritol sweeteners
methods such as Boiling point: 329 to bake in a way almost
electrochemical synthesis are 331 °C (624 to 628 °F; identical to sugar and are
in development. 602 to 604 K) Magnetic made by combining and
susceptibility (χ) fermenting certain natural
73.80·10−6 cm3/mol sugars

11. Mannitol - 1,2,3,4,5,6- - Mannitol can be produced by - Sugar alcohol - Used to force urine
- Osmitrol, other Hexanehexol fermentation, extraction from - Molecular Weight/ production in people with
d-Mannitol, seaweed, or through a catalytic Molar Mass:182.172 acute (sudden) kidney
mannite, manna hydrogenation of fructose, g/mol Density:1.489 at failure. Mannitol injection
sugar sucrose, or glucose/fructose 68° F Boiling Point:563° is also used to reduce
(1:1) mixture [49, 68, 69]. F at 3.5 mm Hg Melting swelling and pressure
During hydrogenation, both Point 331 to 334° F inside the eye or around
sorbitol and mannitol are the brain. Mannitol is
produced, and they are available under the
separated based on their following different brand
 solubility. names: Osmitrol.
12. Sorbitol - Hexane- - A modified sorbitol with - Sugar alcohol - Used to relieve
- sorbit, glucitol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol improved tableting properties, - Is a humectant that is occasional constipation
viz, has a melting point of about a polyol (polyhydric and irregularity. Sorbitol
96° C., a bulk density of 0.3-0.6 alcohol) produced by generally produces bowel
g/ml, a γ-sorbitol content of at hydrogenation of movement in 1/4 to 1
least 90%, a purity of at least glucose with good hour when used rectally.
98%, a specific surface area of solubility in water and Sorbitol is also used as a
0.7-1.5 m2 /g, a bending poor solubility in oil. It is pharmaceutical aide
strength of at least 7 N/mm2 at approximately 60% as (sweetener).
a compressive force of at sweet as sugar, and
has a caloric value of
2.6 kcal/g. It is highly
hygroscopic and has a
pleasant, sweet taste.
13. Menthol - 2-isopropyl-5- - It comprises the following - Organic compound - A topical analgesic, it is
- peppermint oil, methylcyclohexa steps that thymol undergoes a - Density and phase used to relieve minor
menthol, nol catalytic hydrogenation reaction 0.890 g/cm3, solid aches and pains, such as
mentholated in the presence of a precious (racemic or (−)- muscle cramps, sprains,
salve metal catalyst to produce a isomer) Solubility in headaches and similar
menthol mixture; the menthol water Slightly soluble, conditions, alone or
mixture is rectified so that D, L- (−)-isomer In ethanol, combined with chemicals
menthol is obtained; the D, L- diethyl ether, acetone, such as camphor,
menthol and an acylation chloroform acetic acid, eucalyptus oil or
reagent undergo an hexane Soluble Melting capsaicin.
esterification point 36 38 °C (311
K), racemic 42-45 °C
(318 K), (−)-form (α)
35 33-31 °C, (−)-
isomer Boiling point 212
°C (485 K)
14. Terpineol - 2-(4-Methyl-3 - It is by direct hydration of m- - Alcohol - A useful terpene for
- Alpha- cyclohexen-1- and / or β-pinene and / or a raw - Appearance Clear medical cannabis
Terpineol. 98-55- yl)-2 propanol material containing at least one Colorless Liquid Boiling patients because it
5. 2-(4- of these compounds to Point 213-218°C CAS possesses a number of
methylcyclohex- terpineol with aqueous mineral Number 98-55-5 key therapeutic
3-en-1-yl)propan- acid in the presence of an Density 0.934 g/ml HS properties. Studies show
2-ol emulsifier, which is Code 29061400 that this terpene is able to
 characterized in that the Melting Point 31-34 °C help manage pain and
Hydration of the starting Molar Mass 154.25 inflammation, reduce the
product g/mol frequency and intensity of
seizures, act as a
gastroprotective, and kill
bacteria.

Structural formula