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    New Species of Ruellia From Southern South America

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    Jose Guerrero

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    New Species of Ruellia (Acanthaceae) from Southern South America Cecilia Ezcurra; Dieter C. Wasshausen Brittonia, Vol. 44, No. 1 (Jan. - Mat., 1992), 69-73. Stable URL: htp//links,jstor.org/sici2sici=0007-196X%28199201%2F03%2944%3A 1%3C69%3 ANSOR %28F%3E2,0.CO%3B2.0 Britionia is currently published by New York Botanical Garden Press, ‘Your use of the ISTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR’s Terms and Conditions of Use, available at hhup:/www.jstororg/about/terms.hml. JSTOR’s Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at hup:/www jstor-org/journals/nybg.himl Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the sereen or printed page of such transmission, STOR is an independent not-for-profit organization dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of scholarly journals, For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact support @jstor.org. hupslwww jstor.org/ Mon Jun 6 14:36:07 2005 New species of Ruellia (Acanthaceae) from southern South America CecILIA EZcuRRA AND DieTeR C. WASSHAUSEN Ezcurra, Cecilia (Instituto de Botinica Darwinion, C.C. 22, 1642 San Isidro, Argentina) and Wasshausen, Dieter C. (Department of Botany, Smithsonian In- stitution, Washington, DC 20560). New species of Ruellia (Acanthaceae) from southern South America. Brittonia 44: 69-73, 1992.—Two new species of Ruel- ‘ia, R. epallocaulos from northeastern Argentina, southern Brazil, and eastern Paraguay, and R. klein from southern Brazil, are described, illustrated and com- pared to related species. Key words: Acanthaceae, Ruellia, South America, Ruellia L. is one of the largest genera of the Acanthaceae, consisting of more than 250 species of herbs, subshrubs and shrubs with a pantropical distribution. In the New World, species of Ruellia are also found in the subtropics, where the genus represents one of the highest numbers of taxa and the greatest diversity, especially in floral mor- phology and inflorescence pattern. The ge- nus is generally characterized by a combi- nation of funnelform or salverform corollas with narrow corolla tubes and campanulate corolla limbs with five spreading lobes along. with four didynamous stamens each with muticous, bilocular anthers. Many of the species have ornamental value because of their handsome, large, colorful flowers. In South America, since Nees’s treat- ments of the Acanthaceae for Martius's Flo- ra Brasiliensis (1847a) and for the Prodro- ‘mus of De Candolle (18476), the genus has been subject to revisionary work for only a few regional floras. Studies in the Acantha- ceae from this area by both authors have recently produced taxonomic novelties in the genus (Ezcurra, 1989; Ezcurra & de Az~ kue, 1989; Wasshausen, 1988), and have now resulted in recognition of two previ ously undescribed species of Ruellia from southeastern South America. Both species show close affinities to those placed by Nees (1847b) in the informal group Brizona 440), 1982, pp 68-13 Hygrophiloides of Dipteracanthus, a genus currently considered within Ruellia s. aro by most authors, sometimes with a section- al status. The species of group Hygrophi- loides share markedly quadrangular stems, relatively small, white, pink or mauve, ax- illary, generally sessile, bibracteolate flow- ers, and small, markedly stipitate, few-seed- ced capsules. All species described by Nees in this group grow in the Guianas and Bra- zilian Amazonia, in humid places at low elevations. The new species described be- low share this habitat, but occur in extra- Amazonian Brazil and neighboring south- em South America. Ruellia epallocaulos Leonard ex Ezcurra and ‘Wasshaussen sp. nov. (Figs. 1D-G, 2) ‘Type: PARAGUAY. Alto Parané: in re- ‘gione fluminis Alto Parand, Oct 1909, Fie- brig 5372 (HOLOTYPE: SI!; ISOTYPES: G!, K!, US). Herba perennissuruticosa0.30-1 malta, ad basim sublignoss,caulibus erectis vel decumbentibus, qua Grangularibus, glabris, nodis radicantibus,foliorum lamina ovata, 3-6 (10) em longa, 1-2 (3.3) em lata, acuta vel acuminata, basi obtusa vel rotundata, glabra, levitereremulat; lores sesiles,solitari vel geminati are peduncula, bracteolislanceolatis, 5 mm longis, cutis; alyeis segmenta ca 1.5 em longa, 2-3 mm lata, ‘blongo-lanceolata vel spathulata, obius vel rotUn: ‘ata; corolla violacea 4-5 em fonga, tubo basal quar faucibus paullo longiore,lobissuborbiclaeibus, 0.5 {©°1952, byte New York Botanical Garden, Brons, NY 10458-5126 70 BRITTONIA, iwou. 44 1992) EZCURRA AND WASSHAUSEN: NEW SPECIES OF RUELLIA u io. 2 1300, B, Portion of surface,» 3500, 1 cm longi; stamina inclusa; capsula clavate, 2-4-sper- ‘mar semina margine madefacta adpresso-pilosa Suffruticose perennial 0.30-1 m tall, branched from a subligneous base. Stems erect or somewhat decumbent, quadran- gular, glabrous, rooting at the nodes, Leaves on glabrous petioles 0.4-I cm long, the blade ovate, 3-6 (-10) cm long and 1-2(-3.5) em wide, acute or acuminate, obtuse or round- ed at the base, glabrous, the margins faintly and irregularly crenate. Flowers sessile, sol- itary, sometimes in twos, in reduced sessile dichasia condensed in the axils of the upper leaves, these rarely pedunculate. Bracteoles small, lanceolate, 3-5 mm long. Calyx 1- 1.8m long, the segments subequal, oblong- lanceolate to spathulate, rounded or obtuse, Fro. 1. AAC. Ruclia klein (4. B Klein 7 SEM photomicrographs of Ruellia epallacaulos (Hatschhach 16950) pollen. A. Equatorial view to 1.5m long, more or less glabrous, short- ciliate, the posterior longest. Corolla purple or blue, 4-5 cm long, the basal tube 1.8-2.5 ‘cm long, the throat obconic, 1-1.5 em in diam, the lobes spreading, suborbicular, 0.5— 1 em wide. Stamens included, shorter pair of filaments 6 mm long, longer pair of fil- aments ca 8 mm long, the anthers 2.5 mm. Tong, pollen spheroidal, 48 um in diam, the reticulum homobrochate. Ovary and style glabrous. Capsule narrowly ovate, 1.2-1.5 om long, 3-4 mm thick, markedly stipitate with a solid base ca 4 mm long, the surface slabrous, apiculate. Retinacula 2 mm long; seeds 2-2.5 mm in diam, glabrous, the mar- gins pubescent and mucilaginous when wet- ted. Distribution: Eastern Paraguay, north- 33: C. Klein 8476). A. Plowering branch. B. Calyx. C. Capsule D-G. Rucllaepallocauls (atschach 8322). D. Flowering branch. . Bracteoles and calyx. F. Calyx sepments G. Open capsule, showing etinacula and seeds. 2 eastern Argentina and southern Brazil, in the basin of the Parana River. It is found in the shade of gallery forest, generally in hu- mid places near water courses. Flowering from August to November. ition specimens amined: ARGENTINA jones: Varupi, Arroyo Las Tranqveras, Grondona &speaezzn 1374 GAB) Paco Pep, Keres 197 BABY San Ignacio, Quiroga sn. (BA 21419), Dpto. Montecarlo, Arroyo Piray Guazi y ruta 12, Schinini 19904 (CTES). BRAZIL. Parana: Mun. Cerro Azul, Turvo, Hatschback 5023 (MBM), Mun. Cerro Azul, Cerro Azul, 13 Nov 1961, Hatchback 8322 (HBI MBM, US); Mun. Cianort, Fazenda Lagha, 24 Aug 1967, Hatschback 16950 (MBM, US); Porecatu, Harschback 23475 (MBM), Mun. Cerro. Azul, Barra 40 Tigre, § Oct 1977, Hatschbach 40347 (MBM, US). PARAGUAY. Alto Parana: in regione fluminis Alto Parana. Piebrig 5751 (G, SD. Ruellia epallocaulos superficially resem- bles R. (sect. Physiruellia) angustflora (Nees) Lindau ex Rambo, a species very common in humid gallery forests of south- em Brazil, northern Uruguay, and eastern Paraguay and Argentina (Ezcurra, 1989), in habit and sizeof flowers; but R. angustiflora can easily by distinguished by the long-pe- Gunculate, axillary, many-flowered cymes, the narrower red flowers with subexserted stamens, and by the bigger capsule with more numerous seeds. Emery Leonard proposed the epithet of the new species on a herbar- ium sheet without a description. The spe- cific name alludes to the long, continuous stem of this taxon. SEM photomicrographs Gig. 2) of the pollen of this new species are provided for comparative purposes. Within group Hygrophiloides Nees, R. epaltocaulos is unique in the large, long flowers and the obtuse or rounded, some- times spathulate calyx segments Ruellia kleinii Ezcurra & Wasshausen sp. nov. (Fig. 1A-C) ‘Type: BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Morro de Ribeirio, Ilha de Santa Catarina, Flori- anépolis, 18 Apr 1967, Klein 7333 (aoLoryre: US!; 1soTyPEs: HBR!, MBM). Herba perennis, sufruticosa, humilis, $0 em alt

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