Product Manufacturing process

Welding, concepts, how does it works and why it is important in pipeline construction. We also had
some sessions and assignments with Jubin regarding pre-commissioning activities continuing from
were we stopped last week.

Welding is a very important activity in a pipeline construction activities since all the pipes are
produced at a fixed length, while we need kilometres of pipelines from one point to another. So we
can have the kilometres of pipelines joining them by means of welding. Pipeline welding is
performed along the circumference of the pipes to be connected. Since we have the pipes as
materials to be joined the successful completion of welding operation will be mostly dependent on
the types of pipes we have. Therefore the pipe manufacture should be done in a way that will allow
to have a weldable structure.

Thus there are some stages to be followed in order to manufacture pipes, namely:

 Design and Engineering

 Procurement
 Fabrication and
 Quality test.

During the tender process the first aspect to analyse is the client specification. We should
understand the scope of works in other to see if we are able to meet client requirements. Then we
must review the international codes and standards to see which legal requirements should be
applied during manufacture process. With the scope of works and the design codes requirements we
can define which material and dimensions our product/pipe will have.

In order to summarise all properties and important data for pipe manufacturing we create a line
pipe data sheet, this document will contain information such as: design data, pipe dimensions, pipe
materials and mechanical properties, inspections and tests requirements, pipes ends, marking,
handling storages and pipe coatings.

Once we have all the information needed we submit our proposal to client in order to have an
agreement on the chosen methos for pipe manufacture.

Procurement- we perform procurement in order to find suppliers that will manufacture our pipes
accordingly to client and legal requirements.

Procurement is all about information flow. Supplier and client must have a common vision in order
to ensures that inventory and products flow to where they are needed.

For pipeline procurement a MAKE TO ORDER strategy is applied. This is a strategy that allows
consumers to purchase products that are customised to their specifications. The manufacturing
process begins only after a confirmed customer order is received. We should also prepare a Request
For Quotation document with a set of potential suppliers or service providers so that they can
submit their price quotation. BOQ is bill of quantities is a document prepared to allow the
quantification and costing for manufacture process it that provides project-specific measured
quantities of the items identified in drawings and specifications.

Quality test- to ensure that the manufactured pipe meets client and legal requirements.

On Tuesday we continue our pre commissioning lessons with Jubin. As last week we learned the
concepts and he gave us procedures to review in order to see how this pre commissioning
procedures are applied in projects. Through this revisions we had some questions regarding pigs
movement and Hydrotest. Jubin clarified us and now we know that Bi-Directional term refers to pigs
with abilities to travel in both directions and excellent sailing qualities. They check ovality and excess
penetration. Their technology allows for the identification of defect location without the need of
specialist inspection tools.

The hydrotest in pre-commissioning is done to demonstrate the pipeline fitness at the intended
pressures.

Some Legal requirements applied for Welding and pre commissioning activities:

API–American Petroleum Institute

ASME–American Society of Mechanical Engineers
DNV–Det Norske veritas
ISO–International Organization for Standardization

We appreciate the team effort in helping us understand engineering process. Their teaching
approach benefit us, since it makes us understand how engineering activities are conducted.