Nutrition and Diet Therapy

Activity 3.1

Name: Princess J. Batomalaque Date: Nov 12, 2022

Section: BSN 2E Score: ___________

Instructions: Answer the following questions based on our class discussions!

A. Therapeutic Nutrition / Hospital General Diets

1. What is a therapeutic diet?

A therapeutic diet is a menu plan used in the management or treatment of

particular diseases, illnesses, or medical conditions. It restricts the consumption
of certain foods or nutrients. Depending on your health, your doctor may advise
making certain dietary modifications to help with symptom relief, inflammation
reduction, gut lining repair, or to stop the progression of certain disease
processes. While certain therapeutic diets are used as part of long-term chronic
illness management, others are utilized for a brief (2–3 month) period of time.

2. Give at least 3 purposes or reasons as to why a therapeutic diet is being

prescribed.
● To keep a healthy nutritional status
● To give the body, or a specific area of the body, rest so that nutrients can
be metabolized.
● To control diabetes by balancing the intake of protein, fat, and
carbohydrates

3. What is the significance of this hospital routine diet or therapeutic diet in the life
of an admitted patient?
 Maintaining a healthy nutritional status while in the hospital is essential
since undernutrition is associated with a higher risk of hospital infections, delayed
wound healing, prolonged hospital stays, higher treatment expenses, and a
higher risk of morbidity and mortality. Hospital food and oral nutritional intake
actually serve as the most common means of meeting the needs of the majority
of patients, and as such, they serve as the first line of nutritional management for
hospital malnutrition in patients for whom it is both feasible and safe to meet their
dietary needs with regular food. As a result, hospital food service needs to be
flexible enough to accommodate different demands. To ensure that patients
receive all required macro- and micronutrients, it must be of the highest quality in
terms of raw ingredients, cleanliness, and preparation.

4. Give at least 5 examples of Diets Modified in Composition.

● Low Calorie Diet
- These diets control calories, carbohydrates, proteins and fat intake
in balanced amounts to meet the nutritional needs and control
blood sugar and weight.This is a typical diet with lower calorie
counts of 1500, 1200, or 1000. The recommended range for protein
is 65 to 100 grams. For diets under 1000 calories, supplements of
vitamin A and thiamine are typically necessary. These diets are
recommended to help those with diabetes, cardiovascular disease,
hypertension, gout, gallbladder disease, and those who need to
lose weight before surgery.
● High Calorie Diet
- This is a typical diet with an increase in calories to at least 3000.
Small portions of meals with high levels of protein are provided if
appetite is low. Depending on individual requirements, the diet's
consistency and flavor may be changed. Avoid consuming
excessive amounts of low-calorie meals and fried foods, which
might stifle appetite. For weight reduction, fever, hyperthyroidism,
and burns, these diets are suggested.
● High Protein Diet
- These diets, which are used to alleviate malnutrition or build muscle
strength, are rich in both plant and animal proteins. For a number of
illnesses, such as fever, hyperthyroidism, burns, after surgery,
diarrhea, the elderly, and alcoholics, a high protein diet containing
100–125 g of protein per day may be recommended.

● Low Protein Diet

- People who follow a low-protein diet do so by consuming fewer
proteins. People with kidney or liver diseases are frequently given
such a diet prescription. For diseases including hepatic
encephalopathy, acute and chronic glomerulonephritis,
nephrosclerosis, acute and chronic renal failure, and inborn
metabolic errors, low-protein diets are typically advised.
 ● Low Sodium Diet
- It is also possible to change the diet's mineral composition. There
are four different degrees of sodium restriction: 250, 500, 1000, and
2400 mgs. The diet forbids consuming excessive amounts of salty
items as well as salt in meals. Edema can be prevented and treated
with this diet. As a result, it is given for hypertension, liver, and
renal disorders as well as congestive heart failure. After then, salt
must be re-added to the diet.

5. Exclusion Diet is also called the Elimination Diet.

COMPUTATIONS:

Instructions: Show your computations.

Identify the calories and volume per feeding as well as time interval
and timing of feeding of the following prescriptions:

1. Pt. Rosales (MMW: 21yrs old male)– OF 2000 kcal in 1200cc 6 divided feedings
Kcal: 2000/6= 333.33kcal ;
Volume: 1200/6= 200cc
Feeding: 200cc w/ 333.33 kcal every 4 hours
2000 kcal in 1200cc; 200cc every 4 hrs
(8am-12pm-4pm-8pm-12am-4am)

2. Pt. Jones (MSW: 58 yrs old male ) – OF 1500 kcal 2:1 dil. Q6
interval: every 6 hours ; kcal: 1500 kcal cc: 1500
1500 kcal/ 4 = 375 kcal
1500cc/ 4= 375cc
1500 kcal in 1500 cc; 375 cc every 4 hrs
(8am - 12pm -4pm-8pm-12am-4am)

3. Pt. Roa (ICU: 1 yr old female) – OF 1:2 dil. 125cc q3

# of feeding: 8 ; feeding interval: every 3 hours ; cc: 125 cc
125cc x 8= 1000cc (24hrs)
1:2= 1000: __
 500 kcal in 1000cc ; 125cc every 3 hrs
(8am- 11am - 2pm - 5pm - 8pm - 11pm - 2am - 5am)

GOD BLESS!