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PROCESSING
ASSIGNMENT NO #01
ASAD IRSHAD
SAP ID 70094848
QUESTION 1
Design a digital Butterworth filter that satisfies the following constraint using the bilinear
transformation. Assume T = 1 s.
Solution
|H (jΩ)| ≤δ 2, Ω2≤Ω≤ π
Given data:
δ 1=0.9
δ 2=0.2
π
ω 1=
2
3π
ω 2=
4
As we know that:
2 ω
Ω1= tan 1
T 2
T=1
π
2 2
Ω1= tan
1 2
π
Ω1=2 tan
4
Ω1=2
2 ω2
Ω2= tan
T 2
3π
2 4
Ω2= tan
T 2
2 3π
Ω2= tan
T 8
Ω2=4.828
As we know that:
log {
(( ) )
1
δ2
2
−1
}
N=
1 (( ) )
1
δ1
2
−1
2 Ω2
log ( )
Ω1
Puts values:
log {
( ( 0.2 ) )
1
−1
2
N=
1 ( ( 1
0.9 ) −1
2
)
2 4.828
log ( )
2
( 24 )
log { }
1 ( 0.2346 )
N=
2 log (2.414)
N=2.626
As we know that:
Ω1
Ωc =
(( ) )
1 /2 N
1
2
−1
δ1
Put values
2
Ωc =
(( ) )
1 /2 (3)
1
−1
0.92
Ωc =2.5467
As we know that:
H ( s)=¿
Put k=1
H ( s)=¿
As we know that:
π
b 1=2sin =1
6
c 0=c 1=1
B0=B1=1
( )
2
1∗2.5467 1∗2.5467
H ( s)=( ) 2 ………………1
s+1∗2.5467 s +1∗2.5467 s+ 1∗2.54672
2.5467 6.4856
H (s)=( )( )
s+ 2.5467 s 2+ 2.5467 s+ 6.4856
2.5467 6.4856
H (z )=( )( )
2 ( z−1 ) 2( z−1)
2
2 ( z−1 )
+2.5467 ( ) +2.5467 ( )+ 6.4856
T ( z+ 1 ) T ( z +1) T ( z+1 )
T=1
2.5467 6.4856
H (z )=( )( )
( z−1 ) ( z −1 ) 2
2 ( z−1 )
2 +2.5467 [2 ] +2.5467 ( )+6.4856
( z +1 ) ( z+1 ) T ( z +1 )
2.5467 6.4856
H ( z )=( )( )
2 ( z−1 ) +2.5467 ( z +1 ) ( z−1 ) 2
( z−1 )
[2 ] + 2.5467∗2( )+6.4856
( z +1 ) ( z +1 ) ( z +1 )
2.5467 6.4856
H ( z )=( )( )
2 z−2+ 2.5467 z +2.5467 ( z −2 z +1 )
2 2
( z−1 )
( z+1 ) [4 2 ] +5.0934( )+6.4856
( z +2 z +1 ) ( z +1 )
2.5467 6.4856
H (z )=( )( )
4.5467 z +0.5467 4 ( z 2−2 z+1 ) 5.0934 ( z−1 )
( z +1 ) +( )+ 6.4856
(z +1)2 ( z +1 )
2.5467 ( z +1 ) 6.4856
H ( z )=( )( )
4.5467 z +0.5467 4 ( z 2−2 z +1 ) +5.0934 ( z −1 ) (z+1)+6.4856(z +1)2
2
( z +1)
3
2.5467 6.4856 ( z+1)
H (z )=( )( )
4.5467 z +0.5467 ( 4 z −8 z + 4 ) +5.0934 ( z 2−1 )+ 6.4856( z 2 +2 z +1)
2
H (z )=¿
¿¿
¿¿
H ( z )=¿ ¿
QUESTION 2
Design a low pass Butterworth discrete-time filter by applying impulse invariance to an appropriate
continuous-time filter. The specifications for the discrete-time filter correspond to passband gain
between 0 dB and −1 dB and stopband attenuation of at least −15 dB,
Solution
|H (jΩ)| ≤δ 2, Ω2≤Ω≤ π
Given data:
α s=−15 dB
δ 1=0.89125
δ 2=0.17783
ω 1=0.2 π
ω 2=0.3 π
As we know that:
ω1
Ω1=
T
T=1
0.2 π
Ω1=
1
Ω1=0.2 π
ω2
Ω2=
T
0.3 π
Ω2=
1
0.3 π
Ω2=
1
Ω2=0.3 π
As we know that:
log {
(( ) )
1
δ2
2
−1
}
N=
1
(( ) )
1
δ 12
−1
2 Ω2
log ( )
Ω1
Puts values:
log {
(( 1
0.177832) )}
−1
N=
1 (( 0.89125 ) )
1
−12
2 0.3 π
log ( )
0.2 π
( 30.6 )
log { }
1 ( 0.258 )
N=
2 log (1.5)
1 log {118.60 }
N=
2 log ( 1.5)
4.7756
N=
2∗0.4056
N=5.88
N=6
As we know that:
Ω1
Ωc =
(( ) )
1 /2 N
1
2
−1
δ1
0.2 π
Ωc =
(( ) )
1 /2∗6
1
2
−1
0.89125
0.2 π
Ωc =
(( ) )
1 /12
1
2
−1
0.89125
Ωc =0.7032
N=6;
B1 Ω c 2 B2 Ω c2 B 3 Ω c2
H (s)=( )( )( )
s 2+b 1 Ω c s +c 1 Ω c2 s2 +b 2 Ωc s +c 2 Ω c2 s 2 +b3 Ωc s+ c 3 Ω c2
π
b k =2 sin (2 k −1)
2N
π
b 1=2sin (2(1)−1)
2∗6
π
b 1=2sin (2−1)
12
π
b 1=2sin (1)
12
π
b 1=2sin ( )
12
b 1=0.5
π
b 2=2 sin (2(2)−1)
2∗6
π
b 1=2sin (4−1)
12
π
b 1=2sin (3)
12
π
b 1=2sin (3 )
12
b 1=1.4
π
b 3=2 sin (2(3)−1)
2∗6
π
b 3=2 sin (6−1)
12
π
b 3=2 sin (5)
12
π
b 3=2 sin (5 )
12
b 3=1.9
B1=B2=B3=1
c 1=c2=c 3=1
2 2 2
B1 Ω c B2 Ω c B 3 Ωc
H (s)=( 2 2
)( 2 2
)( 2 2
)
s +b 1 Ω c s +c 1 Ω c s +b 2 Ωc s +c 2 Ω c s +b3 Ωc s+ c 3 Ω c
Putting values:
H ( s)=¿
H ( s)=¿
¿ ¿):
As we know that:
Putting values:
−0.3516 ± √ 0.1236−1.9776
x=
2
x=−0.181+ 0.67 j
x=−0.181−0.67 j
¿ ¿):
As we know that:
x=−0.49+ 0.490 j
x=−0.49−0.490 j
¿ ¿):
As we know that:
x=−0.66 +0.181 j
x=−0.66−0.181 j
0.1209
(−0.181+0.67 j ) (−0.181−0.67 j )(−0.49+0.490 j ) (−0.49−0.490 ) (−0.66+0.181 j¿)(−0.66−0.181 j)
A B C D E F
¿ + + + + +
−0.181+0.67 j −0.181−0.67 j −0.49+0.490 j −0.49−0.490 j −0.66+0.181 j −0.66−0.181 j