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EncreToR PRooucTs AND THER ELM NATION. > Removal oF merasorte WASTE From Booy. x Bamovorertse: ~ E Renown. 08 Anmmwxa (MET TEE Foes) te Renova, oF TI REQUIRES LABHE AeouNT OF WATER. Ravarse ora Sucind — Amagen, Srowaes, HYORA , Aauersc mnsects | Tno?0Le OF Pho AayATIE AMPMLOIANS Gore exams YF Renmin oF unen (LESSER Torre Form) OREN CON GE TDLEWMIED TY Mone CONE: FoR AO Zr Zs Vow TENE Leth Tome THN Ammons. Wonmns, TERECSTeaAL AMOHLOEAYE , CHATILNGENOUE ZEMEL + GxceeTton OF URE REED 1 STeMIEGy FoR MENTHON LOH OF HRTER Lens oe 1» Te eMane wine SHELLED 4G Wours NAVE PRODUCED PHMONIA GRUEEA , TT won MOVE AccuMALArED TD TOxte LeveL. Woouce onscac- Tusowae, Peeczerrares AND Reunane Repraies, 2805, UMOSHALLS, TISECTS exexerony stmvcroxes ‘Reonerrasote ot FLAME CEUS:— Plarynewranmnes, RETIRE, SOME Ane caDs, Cemmacroeonres + ten Nerioin == Araaae + mo Mavonceznn Tansee ntert (cucatanen) somo Coxm, auano:.sPr0ea6 Frrewin, Guo oR GAFEM GLAND! 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Renal Corpuscle and the Filtration Membrane \ one oy (roccy sein pina cae FSM {itmate peace erot Saemacente juno (2) Renal compuscte Pe eum nile Evaazwnrzens Corrzcan Nepnans one, TRENT APS UC Sacer ae Vasa Recta TS = — teneep eOMENT -= sa * > Shortneptioniog, travels ony “tone nephron oo, vovel deep ver bret trough eda ‘into medulla + Majority of nephrons “Minority nephrons chasm van conn taco fh £ (8) Rena, Twames: - a PeT + Frontwmr Convovwr er Tosures: * Bowman carte lower PrRT Contznues —> Fey Present TH coRTER 4 Hzomey come an suenaundes 8 Feerrusviee carr: (rs) 4 LENG gy cugazDa EeITHELEA waTH BRUSH eoROER, + Hizomy come An SvmBNDED By PERZTUSULAR cAPP: (Pre) +f LIVE gy cuBoIDAL EPSTHELI wm BRusH- BORDER, we EUS HAVE AGUNDANT METoCONDREA AND FOOD RESERE Te Pesroem Active ABSORPTION AND SECLET=ON (wre bor oF Hence et cowewves —> von > Low Descenne —+ MepuLL® (on7A MeDuUARY HERMON >) = cones onse & Descenpsne & ASCENDING LIMB (i Der += Dasme convowren Tevre Close To Maveuraaan 600y Courtine Duet: - 4 Der's of MANY NEPHRON OPENS INTO Thxs StaAZGHT Tese, 4 ENTERS TTS MEDLUA DEE® Pap Foms “Duct oF Geuze + CD CONVERGES AND OPEN THT RENAL PELVIS Vaan eecrh 1- Giretent ARTERIOLE EMEROING FROM GLOMERULUS FotMs zt CIE CORP NenaoRE AROUND RENAL ToeuLe > PTE L mawure vessen ve = Fon Tass = RUNS PReAUEL TO Low WR i ABSENT OR HIGHLY REDUCED IN CORTICAL NEPHRON Ogmne formarzon s (@) 7 Guonceuune oiren FreteenrzoN (8) > Toure RerasoReTION (© + TooowR seeaerz0N =3 SE ooRresnee nese — Aecowaeo IW AM =! orarcare manner TD Leave i sl, pom * ND froTexn PASSES: (ena, B10 F100) Too) of Supe 28 FalTERED HY KIDNEYS consratures IS” oF 8.005 cunreD 8 (407 0¢ su) oon AN pvcence Pee MrMure WareH —ROUEHLY hener eeR Wrnore Chen venterLe OF = Ree ts + b50mi_( Bloop Pinsua To ae FzLiceen) or of Thre CREwnL Paso low ) = 125m] atin Can nerrmons of a2rH xxowevs) 2 ere 2 Gag. | 2 eee Ge we 7 GER Reauatron > C2 eae senstsromnasimansminus <—— Arvereg Awtroontsrsc ‘ ey ree + ont” ( Rersve) oe Geecrent agrensne Geeceenr agressoue T Moaente Requuntz0n TonrveRsat eo0p elao ----» 7 AeeceeNT ReTERroLE'S BP -—> ReTERIAL WAL sre cren SENSED GY PyOGENse STRETeH S¥ipALHGHEHEVEMBETS innervate afferent and efferent Ss ae Se arteriole Normally sympathetic stimulation is low nd has no effect on GFR During excessive Sympathetic stimulation (Defense, Brain Ischemia, Severe Hemorrhage) lastin from few minutes to few hours can + VRSSEORBTRHIO occurs as a result which conserves blood *,,, volume(hemorrhage and @aUS@S/aHall {GER > heh —& ‘Parasympathetic Nervous System release of NO from the Endothelial cells, hence STe—2. +5 = “Tyeuiak seeasoeor20% Bap Seaxera0¥ *- Aipgsteronte 4) _ Distal Conralsted Tubale (DCT: S00 mon a a MEL Tina cite STHCO, ast seot9e see Reape Imp attain ne pt and endian polar lane no spoons» PosreRaog PrTOTAAY.- Aon s= hk Se ci aa 3 HyPerosnorze RENAL KX (roeon x) won Hocmone Site of Action Hct: = Aaron Coleg nad dt 1b rain Ton Antidote ck cg po Melasal TAAL Oreturpton TH con ss cous incon tiie eee = Vasoconstexctsaas > Antidetichormone Distal tubule/olcting tubule and duct 1140 reabsorption wr i navuetcpeptide ital ubuecoleting tbe ad duc Nac reboption TZ, poltamore Peanut thet ang pal Hells ude JOE tat, TC eabton Ancngourdri we Raes a > Pemenity 4 oor over TOSMOLN Tes ‘Active NaCl Transport Ho act Proxima ube ” ” ‘ * Thindeendg tid 0 ” i os = Tin sandr ° ° tw oc rick sedi ib ” ° ° ° isa ube * 108 ° ° Con calectig be * 40H 0 ° long modula coletig dct + 40H ° cononcceg EO | fmasorensan 7 Auposrenoue ane Ba on ver -p vatwowsrectioy | oa Der + Vasorszow bo | oo | Natt Wor > BPE "J. to ecnasoerrionT 4 ers on ADgenmuc:| + BVT GP + VAsoconsTax<” Let oom Coin Gowers) = Geet Ls visconsrercaon Maweenvocoersconss COM = Counter Curent mecHantse : — & Mammays Have RotLtTy To PRODUCE CONE: URINE VIA THs MECH ow Close PROKMETY OF Lon — VR on FIUernte xn 2 LIMOS of Lon TL + x Bloop Flo in vk ms TL — > F rove cise xe - FuR | DLoLon PLoion DvR, ee eT Fy ET BE. commun” + 2 IMPORTANT _OsMOLYTE #— eo (sel & pie mont Wact MOL > DVR —» AVR —> InreRstz0 You D¥er oF geuznr L gee om a 4 Temes Conc: onze os > pwoion 7, "(intel ,38-306m URen) Drsonvers 2 Anorsa FATLURE To FoRM URINE 2 OLIGOURIA = Less URINE 3: Protemunia: PRoverws IN URTNE. 4+ plouamwueza + ALOUMEN «(i GlomenLowerertse) 5. Henarouatn = ROC + on & Prone wae ry 4% Drvncers + Water Loss T Poe: RE BUENLY 4 PRoLoN@eD FASTING: Kerone Boores (AceToRcE Tze AcxD, B HYDROXY BuTYRATE) (Kerowuezay 40. HYPEETHyROZDISN | STARVATZON: CREATININE 1 Renay enicuias TNEOWELE MASS OF CAYSTAUTSED CALCIUM oXAATES (KtONEY STOWE) 2: Glomeavronesner ts TIneLanmarron oF GloweRuLus Coean’s Dsense) SuPraoprac Nucter 1 URENIn + loop UREA T ene To es 7 KrpNeY FesLURE ve {18 Denseres sasteroos, ApH “Futueraczency \ ©) Porpresra - THanst 7 \ 6) Fowuara — Uawarazon ~~ . > Hacmopreyers . . Sercraring, SMALL SoLwtes FROM MACROMOLECULAR CouorDS — DzeLIsis” (cEuoonnwe mereenne) ‘Wong sti pemeaie mere) Used diahsing 3 yetznePaeen (containing To RESTORE NORMAL wear conaueseisty = KIONey Transrtanratzon 4 GaRET TRANSPLANT — + Genet To@e Gest zs - TsooRner oR Else ATLEAST ALLOGRAFT OR Closest > Boo Gee MereH ‘Vaswe Maron 4 + Gewnosvrraessants — crcvosponin a | comtzso. (Con Genet Acceptance ) Gran i Basrean > 4 OMe err momenta + Lone: 200m eco! + tanami ne ao |e ASTIN KL ipaniEae > 7 Zz] 4 OTMER Exc ORGANS —> LUNGS: 200m DEC, + Hoom of MO / Day > LIVER + CHoiesreRoL BILE PxGMENT DeGRAeD GTEROTDAL HORMONES , VITAMINS AND DRUGS > OSMINS SWEAT 5 act, UReR, LacTEc AcaD Gnness SEEN ares srexoL,mvoRocReaON, 2 URocHROME — YetLow Cook TO URINE & TBesenuss meer Prana = IMINOR CALs 4 Glucose - 100% Active RERBSORPTION IN PCT © Peano, caesne < Daunetsce + Laon = EuRESES 3 Nal RepasoreTSON IN Det ReBuIRES ENERGY 4. Kzowey > carcrtea - Ca” @® FROM Git ero ~— eevmmovonesss WO URTC ACID Is PRopucT OF PLRINE METABOLISM Ww UREA | ORNzraine [HREB HENSELERT CHcLe — LIVER - Co, + Ny ENTERS 2. RRGINAGE —HNOROLYSES ARATWINE “> UREA + ORNETHINE la XANTAINES AND GuaNINEs — NUCLEQTEDE METAROLZSN - SPIDERS + PENGUIN M4 trppuRIC REID = FORMED FROM BENZOIE ACZD , IN MaNMALS CREATININE. 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