Ciencia Física Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (3rd Edition)

Ejercicio 6
Capítulo 3, página 126

Introduction to Quantum Mechanics

ISBN: 9781107189638
Índice

Solución Verificado
Paso 1 1 de 3

For a Hermitian operator (say Q ), the following condition must be

satisfied:
b b
∫ g Qfdx = ∫ f (Qg)∗ dx
​
∗
​

a a

Using the more compact bracket notation, this condition can be written
as:

^ f ⟩ = ⟨Q
⟨g∣Q ^ g∣f ⟩
​ ​

Consider the operator,

2
^= d
Q
dϕ2
​ ​

where ϕ is the azimuthal angle in polar coordinates. We need to show

that this operator is a Hermitian operator, as:
2π
^ g⟩ = ∫ d2 g ∗
⟨f ∣Q​
f 2
dϕ
​ ​

0 dϕ
∣ 2π 2π
dg df ∗ dg
=f ∗
−∫ ​ dϕ​ ​ ​ ​

dϕ ∣ 0 dϕ dϕ
​ ​

∗ dg
∣ 2π df ∗ 2π 2π 2 ∗
d f
=f − g ∣0 + ∫ 2
gdϕ
dϕ ∣ 0 dϕ dϕ
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

due to the function’s periodicity, the values of f (ϕ) and f (ϕ) are the
same at 0 and 2π , so:

2π
^ g⟩ = ∫ d2 f ∗ ^ f ∣g⟩
⟨f ∣Q 2
gd = ⟨Q
dϕ
​ ​ ​ ​

so yes, ^ is hermitian. Now to find, the eigenvalues of the operator:

Q ​

d2 f
2
= q2 f ​

dϕ
this equation has two linearly independent solutions, that are:

f1 = eqϕ
f2 = e−qϕ
Paso 2 2 de 3

the periodicity condition requires that:

f1 (0) = f1 (2π)
​ ​

1 = e2πq
​ ​

from this condition, we see that q must be imaginary, and is restricted to

the value:

q = ni

so the eigenvalues are:

q = −n2 , (n = 0, 1, 2, … )

for a given n there are two eigenfunctions which are the plus sign or the
minus sign, in the exponent. Therefore, the spectrum is
doubly degenerate. A special case for n = 0, which is not
degenerate

Resultado 3 de 3

q = −n2 , (n = 0, 1, 2, … )

Ejercicio 5 Ejercicio 7