What do I need to find? Where do I expect to find it?

What is acid? Any scientific website.

What acids are in our bodies? Wikipedia or a scientific
encyclopedia
What are their functions? A scientific journal or encyclopedia
What are their types? any scientific website or textbook.
Research on Acids in our body
Made by Maisan Abdelghany 12A

What acids
are present
What is
in our body? acid?

Acids in our body

What are
their types? What are
their roles?
 corrosive matters in our bodies.
When we hear the word "acid," the first thing that comes to
our minds is a dangerous, stinky liquid in a beaker in a lab.
While this is somehow true, believe it or not, we do have acids
inside our bodies! I know this sounds counterintuitive.
Nevertheless, we do have them, and they have very significant
contributions to our health.
To understand how acids function in our body, we must
understand what acid is in the first place. An acid is any
substance that changes the color of certain indicators (e.g.,
reddens blue litmus paper), reacts with some metals (such as
iron) to release hydrogen, reacts with bases to create salts, and
stimulates particular chemical reactions (acid catalysis). Acids
include inorganic compounds such as sulfuric, nitric, and
phosphoric acids as well as organic matter belonging to the
carboxylic, sulfonic, and phenolic groups. These substances
contain one or more hydrogen atoms, which are released as
positively charged hydrogen ions in solution. Our body has a lot
of acids, but the most essential ones biologically are amino
acids, fatty acids, ascorbic acid, and hydrochloric acid. Mainly,
acids are present to provide a suitable pH for certain reactions
to occur; however, they have other significant roles.
Amino acids.
Contrary to their name, amino acids can act both as acids and
bases. The particular reason for such a condition is their
unusual composition. Amino acids are composed of a range of
organic molecules consisting of a basic amino group (NH2), an
acidic carboxyl group (COOH), and an organic R group that is
special for every amino acid molecule. The general formula of
amino acids is. What creates the great variety
of

Amino acids are different in the R group. The main function of

amino acids is their role in building proteins. Proteins are critical
to the continued functioning of life on Earth. The vast majority
of chemical reactions in the cell are catalyzed by proteins. They
provide many of the structural elements of a cell and aid in the
fusion of cells into tissues. Some proteins function as
contractile elements, allowing movement. Others are in charge
of transporting vital materials from the cell's exterior
("extracellular") to its interior ("intracellular"). Proteins, in the
form of antibodies, protect animals against disease, and
proteins, in the form of interferon, mount an intracellular
attack against viruses that have evaded destruction by
antibodies and other immune system defenses. Many
hormones are made up of proteins. Last but not least, proteins
regulate gene activity ("gene activity"). as all these are proteins'
functions so it is amino acids'' functions.
Fatty acids.
Do you remember that captivating steak you’ve been craving
for? That unforgettable piece has not only amino acids (protein)
but also fatty acids (lipids). Fatty acids are carboxylic acids
constructed by hydrocarbon chains linked to one carboxyl
group. At their aggressive carboxyl tips, fatty acids are attached
to glycerol. Triglycerides are found in a variety of foods,
including cookies, almonds, and corn oil. Saturated,
monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats are the
three main types. This is a picture of Butyric
acid, a short fatty acid. The carbon fairly close to
the carboxyl group is known as the alpha carbon, whereas the
carbon farthest apart is known as the gamma (y) carbon. Food
fats and oils contain a variety of fatty acids which may be
saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated. Fatty acids
that are prevalently identified with food include: Palmitic,
stearic, myristic, and lauric acids are saturated fatty acids. Oleic
and caproleic acids are monounsaturated fatty acids.
Arachidonic, linoleic, and alpha-linolenic acids are
polyunsaturated fatty acids. Lipids, in brief, are one of the most
basic and vital organic molecules that constitute our body.
Ascorbic acid:
Ascorbic acid is another name for vitamin C and has a chemical
formula of C6H8O6. Vitamin C is a water-based nutrient existing
in citrus and a few other fruits and
vegetables. It is also accessible via
supplements and as a pertinent
"serum" component to cure melasma
(black skin spots) and facial fine lines. It
can be employed to manage and avoid
sickness. Vitamin C is a key nutrient
that aids in tissue regeneration, collagen synthesis, and the
subsequent enzymatic generation of several receptors. It is
necessary for the mechanism of several enzymes along with the
immune system. It also serves as an antioxidant. Most animals
can produce their ascorbic acid. Nevertheless, chimps and
gorillas (albeit not all primates), many bats, a few rodents, and
certain other animals must obtain it from their diet. Vitamin C is
an essential nutrient for certain animals, including humans, and
is a cofactor in many enzymatic reactions that mediate a variety
of essential biological functions. It also acts as an antioxidant by
donating electrons to various enzymatic and non-enzymatic
reactions and can be restored to a reduced state by glutathione
and NADPH-dependent enzymatic mechanisms.
Hydrochloric acid:
Hydrogen chloride gas as well as water-soluble hydrochloric
acid are referred to as "HCl." Hydrogen
chloride gas is a colorless gas formed when
hydrogen reacts with chlorine. When it comes into
contact with atmospheric humidity, it emits white
hydrochloric acid fumes. Hydrochloric acid is a
highly corrosive, powerful mineral acid with numerous
industrial applications. Gastric acid naturally contains
hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid's main biological functions
are the killing of any microbes present in food while digesting it
in the stomach and providing the perfect PH and circumstances
for the activation of the pepsin enzyme in the stomach. Minimal
hydrochloric acid amounts can have a serious influence on the
body's capacity to process and obtain nutrients. Unless treated
and healed, hypochlorhydria can give rise to GI damage,
infections, and a wide range of persistent medical conditions.
Clinical signs of reduced gastric acid secretion usually involve an
inhibited digestive process, enhanced vulnerability to
infections, and lowered nutrient uptake from nutritional intake.
So it seems that one of the most corrosive substances on planet
earth is one of the most vital substances for our survival.