Everything3D™ (2.1) Stairs, Ladders and Handrail Modelling - Chapter 3

CHAPTER 3
3 Stair Flights
This chapter covers the creation and modification of Stair Flight (STRFLT) elements. The hierarchy of both
Layout mode and Detail mode stair flights is explained, along with a number of unique features relating to
creation and modification of stair flights.
3.1 Stair Flight Hierarchy Overview
The administrative hierarchy is the same as other SLH elements; however the component hierarchy varies
depending on the Representation Mode used. The diagrams below illustrate typical component hierarchies
for a Stair Flight.
Hierarchy for Layout Mode
Element Description
STRFLT Stair Flight element
HANDRA Handrail element
RPATH Route Path element
POINTR Route Point element
The hierarchy diagram represents a stair flight created in Layout mode with handrail applied to both
stringers. A STRFLT element owns an RPATH element defining the stair flight centreline route and two
HANDRA elements. In turn, the HANDRA elements own RPATH elements that define the handrail route
along each stringer.
Pre-defined element representations are applied to the RPATH, providing the physical representation of the
stair flight in the model.
23
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AVEVA Solutions Limited and its subsidiaries.
All rights reserved.
AVEVA Everything3D (2.1)
Stairs, Ladders and Handrail Modelling TM-1813
Hierarchy for Detail Mode
Element Description
BOTEXT Bottom Extension element

STRSTR Stair Stringer element
TREADS Tread Set element
TREAD Tread element
INTLNG Intermediate Landing element
TOPEXT Top Extension element
This hierarchy represents a stair flight created in Detail mode with top and bottom extensions, an
intermediate landing, and handrail on both stringer elements. To support this degree of detail, a broader
hierarchy of elements is required.
Some elements within the hierarchy may own template items. Handrail elements within detailed stair flights
are more complex and are considered in greater detail later in this guide.
3.2 Creating a Stair Flight
The SLH application enables users to create stair flights with a variety of pitch and stringer configurations.
The available configurations are held in the Defaults assigned to each project.
On the SLH tab, in the Create group, clicking the Stair Flight button displays the Create Stair Flight form.
Depending on the Representation Mode selected, the form has four or five pages for the creation process.
Creating stair flights using both representation modes is described in the worked examples later in this
chapter.
The format of the Create Stair Flight form is typical of other creation forms within the SLH application. It
makes use of many of the common functions and features noted in previous sections. However, there are
some features unique to the creation of which are described in the following sections.
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3.2.1 Reference Point Options
A number of options relate to picking reference points. Reference points allow the user to specify the edge
from which a stair flight will start and the edge, or plane, at which the stair flight will terminate. The start
and end points of the stair flight are noted as the FROM and TO reference points.
The FROM reference point has particular significance as it uses the selected edge to set the direction of
the stair flight. The direction of the stair flight will be perpendicular to the direction of the selected edge.
The FROM Reference Point must initially be set by making a

graphical selection via the Pick Edge (FFL) button. Thereafter,
its position may be adjusted by clicking the Pick Edge (FFL)
button again and picking a new edge or by clicking the Modify
Position… link label.
Clicking the Modify Position… link label displays an Explicit

Positioning form allowing the user to specify an explicit co-
ordinate with respect to a datum.
When selecting the TO Reference Point, the user can select from two methods; connecting to an Edge or
connecting to a Plane.
If the Edge option is selected, the same process as that of the FROM reference point described previously
must be followed.
If the Plane option is selected, the user must pick a suitable planar element, or an elevation can be entered
in the Elevation textbox.
If the direction of the stair flight is incorrect, as shown by the aid graphics, the Flip Direction button can be
used to change the direction by 180°.
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3.2.2 Stair Flight Creation – Calculate Mode
In addition to the Edge to Edge and Edge to Plane

creation options for stair flights, they can also be created
in Calculate mode. Selecting the Calculate radio button in
the Reference Points page of the form will display the
forms pages in Calculate mode.
Calculate mode will allow a stair flight to be created from

an edge, and terminate in space at a point defined by
specifying the stair flight parameters, within the
constraints of the default being used.
Since only one edge is defined, the user has the option of
selecting if the stair flight is to run up or down from the
picked edge using the Up and Down Direction radio
buttons.
As with stair flights defined to a plane, the Flip Direction

button will change the direction of the stair flight by 180°
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The Stair Configuration page of the form is different when in

Calculate mode Since the overall Going and/or overall Rise is
not defined by two picks, the termination position of the stair
flight is defined manually.
X Offset and Nudge options work as described earlier in this

section. The Configuration options available are those
allowed by the Default.
The TO Elevation height can be entered if this is known by

the user.
Other parameters for the stair flight can also be specified;

Overall Rise, Rise, Number of Rises, Pitch, Pitch Validation
formula value, and Going. These values can be entered
successfully only if the value falls within the limits of the
Default being used, and does not cause any other
parameters to also fall out of the permissible range specified
in the Default.
 When modifying a Stair Flight which has been created in

Calculate mode, the system recognises the method
used during creation, and the Stair Configuration page
of the Modify Stair Flight form will be displayed
accordingly.
The Overall Rise, Rise, Pitch and Going can be locked by

checking the adjacent Lock check boxes. Locked parameters
will not change when other parameters are modified. Locked
parameters are displayed greyed out in the form.
Use Default buttons are available adjacent to Rise, Pitch

and Going which when clicked will set the parameter to the
Default value specified in the default. The buttons display this
default value.
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Moving the cursor over the text boxes will display tooltips
which will show the allowable range for that parameter.
When a value is entered which is outside the allowable

range, an error is displayed and the value remains
unchanged. For example if too large an Overall Rise is
entered.
Entering a parameter which causes another parameter to fall

outside the allowable range will also display an error. For
example, changing the Pitch to a value which causes an
issue with the Pitch Validation formula.
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3.2.3 Connections to Supporting Elements
Stairs created in Detail mode can be connected to supporting structural members. After selecting the FROM
or TO Reference Point the Pick Support Element button is activated.
Clicking the Pick Support Element button allows the user to pick a supporting element for the
stair flight. The supporting element must be a Section or a Gensec. The selected element will be
highlighted red in the graphical display.
The floor thickness field is also updated when the user

selects a supporting beam. The application determines
the distance between the FFL and the supporting
element. It adjusts the thickness of the panel element
used to represent the first tread (or last if appropriate) to
ensure the stair flight terminates flush with the selected
reference position.
If a connection is required to the supporting element,

the Connect checkbox can be selected. If a connection
is selected, the floor thickness value will be retained for
use with the Modify Stair Flight form. It also creates the
necessary hierarchy to allow a structural joint to be
applied at the connection.
Where a stair flight terminates at a plane the Connect

checkbox is also presented to the user. A supporting
element can still be selected. The floor thickness field
is updated and this information can be used later in the
creation process to extend the stringers through the
floor to the elevation of the supporting element.
 Joints must be applied as a separate activity. AVEVA E3D is not currently supplied with sample joints
of this nature.
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3.2.4 Stair Configurations
The AVEVA E3D SLH application supports a variety of basic stair configurations suitable for stair flights
spanning between two edges, or between an edge and a planar surface. In addition to the basic stair flight
shapes the application also supports minor configuration customisations such as the inclusion of
intermediate landings and the cranking of stringer profiles.
 The ability to customise the shape of a stair flight is sometimes mode dependent.
Six configurations are available between two edges and two configurations are available for stair flights to
planar surfaces. The supported configurations are detailed below.
Edge to Plane Configurations:
Configuration Description
To Plane with No Extensions – The stair flight must have a planar element as
its TO reference point. No extension is allowed at the upper edge or at the lower
planar element.
To Plane with Extension – The stair flight must have a planar element as its
TO reference point. An extension is permitted at the upper edge.
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Edge to Edge Configurations:
Configuration Description
No Extensions – No extensions are allowed between the selected edges of the
stair flight.
Bottom Extension – An extension is only allowed at the lower edge of the stair
flight.
Top Extension – An extension is only allowed at the upper edge of the stair
flight.
Top and Bottom Extension – An extension is allowed at the upper and lower
edge of the stair flight.
Initial Rise without Extension – An initial rise is created at the lower edge of
the stair flight. The nosing of the first tread is positioned vertically above the
lower edge position. No extension is allowed at the upper edge of the stair flight.
Initial Rise with Extension – An initial rise is created at the lower edge of the
stair flight. The nosing of the first tread is positioned vertically above the lower
edge position. An extension is allowed at the upper edge of the stair flight.
The availability of stair flight configurations and customisation options is controlled by the SLH
Administrator via settings in the SLH Defaults. A minimum of one configuration is needed for both edge to
edge stair flights and edge to plane stair flights. Different defaults may allow different combinations of stair
flight to be available.
 The SLH Default used throughout this training course only allows four edge to edge configurations.
Initial rise stair configurations have been excluded.
Stair flights are initially assessed on the Pitch value set in the Default. Subject to the configuration selected,
other pitch options that conform to the referenced Standard are investigated during the creation process.
When Detailed mode is used, the lower section of the Stair Configuration page contains a Pitch
Validation frame. The desired pitch and obtained pitch are reported to the user in this area, along with stair
rise information that conforms to the obtained pitch.
If an alternative pitch is required the user can select it using the up and down arrows adjacent to the
Desired Pitch text field, or a valid pitch can be typed into the Desired Pitch text field directly. If an invalid
pitch value is entered, the text field will revert to the closest maximum or minimum pitch allowable in the
default.
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When a new pitch value is validated the aid graphics will update to reflect the new geometry.
3.3 Modifying a Stair Flight
On the SLH tab, in the Modify group, clicking the Modify Stair Flight button displays the Modify Stair
Flight form, which enables the user to change Layout stair flights to Detail stair flights in addition to
changing any of the design parameters set during the creation process.
It is not possible to modify a Detail mode stair to become a Layout mode stair.
3.3.1 Positioning Options
Stair Flights can be re-positioned using a number of methods.

New reference points can be selected graphically using the
Pick Edge (FFL) buttons.
Alternatively the position of the Reference Points

can be modified by clicking the Modify Position…
link labels and entering explicit co-ordinate.
Both of these methods will instigate a geometry

check to ensure the stair remains valid.
Stair flights may also be moved in their X axis

direction by using the X Offset or Nudge options
on the Stair Configuration page.
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When using the X Offset the user

can enter a positive or negative
value in the textbox.
This value is then used in

conjunction with the adjacent X
Offset from pick button to provide
an offset position from a model
element.
The Nudge textbox enables users to enter a distance to move

the stair element by.
The right and left arrow buttons can then be used to move the
stair by the specified increment.
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3.4 Creating and Modifying Stair Flights – A Worked Example
This worked example, and the exercise that follows, will populate sections of SITE-STRUCTURAL-AREA02
of the training model. Worked examples will typically focus on building B01 within this site, while exercises
will typically use building B02.
3.4.1 Setting up the 3D View
In Model Explorer, navigate to SITE-STRUCTURAL-AREA02 and expand the hierarchy. Select ZONE
BUILDING_B01 and add it to the 3D View. Set the viewing direction as shown.
Remove the exterior Level 1 and Level 2 walls on the North side of the building from the Drawlist.
BUILDING_B01
A stair flight will be created using two individual flights in the central bay between Level 1 and Level 2. The
first stair flight will be created and modified in Layout mode and the second stair flight will be created in
Detail mode.
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3.4.2 Creating a Stair Flight in Layout Mode
In Model Explorer navigate to BUILDING_B01 and expand the

hierarchy for LEVEL 01 and make FRMW
B01_LEVEL_01_STAIRS the current element.
On the SLH tab, in the Create group, click the Stair Flight button to display the Create Stair Flight form.
Ensure the Layout radio button is selected for the Representation Mode.
In Layout mode four pages of information are required: General Attributes, Reference Points, Stair
Configuration and Extensions and Landings.
3.4.2.1 General Attributes

In the General Attributes frame select SLH Training from the Default options list. The Standard
associated with this Default, ISO 14122, is displayed below the Default options list. Note that the
Mandatory information symbol has disappeared and the General Attributes text at the top of the form has
a blue tick adjacent to it and the text is now a link label. This indicates that the mandatory information for this
page is complete and the next page is available, however, further information may be added.
Enter B01_LEV01_STAIR_1A in the Name textbox.
Enter Internal Access Stair in the Description

textbox.
Select the Width option list and note the three valid
values contained within this default.
Select 800mm from the Width options list.
Click the Next link label to move to the next page.
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3.4.2.2 Reference Points

Reference Points marking the beginning and end of the stair
flight must now be selected. Click the Pick Edge (FFL)
button.
A graphical selection must be made of the first reference

point (the FROM point).
Select a point along the edge of the landing panel, at the

finished floor level, somewhere near the mid-point.
A second reference point (the TO point) is also required.
This flight will extend between the floor of level 01 and the
stair landing. Select the Plane radio button and click the Pick
Elevation button.
The Elevation and Floor Thickness text boxes are

populated automatically, according to the To picked element.
The user will be prompted to ‘SLH Stair Flight - Pick Face or Edge’. Pick the floor of Level 01. The 3D
View is updated to show three aid lines representing the stair flight centreline and the stringer extremities.
Click the Next link label to progress

to the Stair Configuration page of
the form.
 By default, the TO Reference

Point will always be considered
perpendicular to the edge
selected when the FROM
reference point is established.
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3.4.2.3 Stair Configuration

Available configurations are determined by the selected Default being used and the type of pick made for
the TO reference point (in this case Connect to Plane). All permitted options will be displayed.
On the Stair Configuration page an improved aid

graphic representation is displayed.
The updated representation reflects the

configuration selected and includes a
corresponding obstruction volume.
 Enhanced aid graphics are only displayed for

valid stair configurations. If a valid stair
cannot be selected three aid lines will
continue to be displayed.
Where the pitch exactly matches the criteria found in the default,
a Green filled circle will be placed in the header of the
configuration.
Where a stair flight configuration geometry meets the Standard,

but does not exactly match the default, an Orange filled circle is
used. Details of the parameters that do not fully comply with the
default can be obtained by clicking the Information link label.
If it is not possible to create a stair flight with Geometry that

meets the Standard from the given criteria, a Red filled circle is
used with an explanation note. The user is also prevented from
progressing to subsequent pages (without altering other
parameters).
37
Select the To plane with top extension configuration from the Stair Configuration list.
The stair flight can be moved to its correct position by using either the X Offset textbox or the Nudge
arrows. Regardless of the method used, it is important to remember that the adjustment is applied to the
centreline of the stair flight.
Enter a value of -400 in the X Offset textbox and click the

Pick button to activate the Positioning Control form.
Select the Graphics and Snap buttons.
Select the North east corner of the stair landing. The aid representing the stair stringer should now be
aligned with the edge of the landing.
38
To ensure access is not impaired by the buildings steelwork the stair flight
will be moved south by 100mm. Make sure a value of 100 is displayed in the
Nudge textbox then click the left hand Nudge button.
Select Both Sides from the Handrail Configuration

options list.
Additional aid graphics representing the handrail

are displayed.
Click the Next link label to progress to the

Extensions and Landings page.
View South
39
3.4.2.4 Extensions and Landings

The Extensions and Landings page allows the user to further customise the stair flight, provided the
selected configuration and geometry requirements allow.
As the selected configuration only uses an upper extension, the Extension Length textbox for the Lower
extension is inactive. The value used in the extension will default to the minimum value set in the Defaults.
Check the Landing checkbox. As the stair flight goes down to a plane, an intermediate landing can be
added without affecting the pitch of the stair flight. The Landing Length and Landing Thickness values are
pre-populated based on values held in the Default. Enter a value of 1000 in the Landing Length textbox.
Leave the Landing Thickness at the default value.
By default, landings are positioned as close to the middle of the stair flight as possible, i.e. with an equal
number of risers above and below the intermediate landing. Users can adjust the position of the landing by
clicking the up and down arrows on the Rises Above or Rises Below counters.
View South
Alternatively, a graphical selection can be made by clicking the

Pick Tread button adjacent to the rise counters.
40
Valid stair tread positions for the landing

are displayed as shaded treads in the
aid graphics.
Clicking a highlighted tread updates the

intermediate landing position and
associated aid graphics.
 A minimum of three treads is

required in any stair flight. As such,
the valid treads are limited in each
flight.
Set the Rises Above counter to 6.
As all mandatory information is now

complete, click the now active Build
Stair Flight button to create the stair
flight.
Navigate to the newly created stair flight in Model Explorer.

Note the elements created for a Layout mode stair flight.
Save Work.
41
3.4.3 Creating a Stair Flight in Detail Mode
Stair flight B01_LEV01_STAIR_1B will be created directly in Detail mode. Ensure FRMW
B01_LEVEL_01_STAIRS is the current element.
On SLH tab, in the Create group, click the Stair Flight button to display the Create Stair Flight form. Select
the Detail radio button for the Representation Mode.
The process of creating a stair flight in Detail mode is similar to that of Layout mode. However, in Detail
mode five pages of information are required, i.e. General Attributes, Reference Points, Stair
Configuration, Extensions and Landings and Specifications.
3.4.3.1 General Attributes

In the General Attributes frame the SLH Training default
is remembered from the previous stair flight.
Enter B01_LEV01_STAIR_1B in the Name textbox.
Enter Internal Access Stair in the Description textbox.
Select 800mm from the Width options list.
Click the Next link label.
3.4.3.2 Reference Points

The stair flight will extend from the stair landing to
Level 02 of the building. Click the Pick Edge (FFL)
button in the FROM Reference Point frame.
Select a point along the edge of the landing panel

between stair B01_LEV01_STAIR_1A and the
southern end of the landing.
42
Click the Pick Support Element

button.
Pick the profile below the stair
landing panel. The selected beam
will be highlighted in red.
Check the Connect checkbox in
the FROM Reference Point frame.
This creates a connection between

the picked supporting element and
the stair flight stringers that allows
the application of a suitable joint.
 Sample connection joints for SLH elements are not included in sample or training data.
The TO Reference Point will be located along

the edge of Floor 02.
In the TO Reference Point frame select the

Edge radio button.
Click the Pick Edge (FFL) button then select

the eastern edge of the stair well on Floor 02.
Three aid lines are displayed representing the

stair flight.
The representation of the aid lines and the

position of the stair flight can now be refined.
3.4.3.3 Stair Configurations

As noted previously, the available configurations are determined by the Default being used and the type of
pick made for the TO reference point.
Select the Top and bottom extension configuration from the Stair Configuration list.
43
Stair flight B01_LEV01_STAIR_1A has been

removed for clarity.
View South
The stair flight can be positioned by using the X Offset or Nudge functions in a similar manner to the
Layout mode stair flight previously created.
Position the stair flight centreline by entering a value of -
400 in the X Offset textbox and then clicking the
adjacent Pick button.
On the Positioning Control form ensure the Graphics
and Snap buttons are selected. Pick the southeast
corner of the stair landing.
The aid representing the stair stringer is now aligned with
the edge of the landing.
The stair flight needs to be moved North by 100mm. Enter

a value of 100 in the Nudge textbox and click the left
hand Nudge button.
Creating stair flight in Detail mode allows the user to validate a variety of pitches for a selected
configuration. The application will try to use the default pitch set in the selected Default., however other valid
pitches can be attempted by modifying the Desired Pitch.
The Desired Pitch can be adjusted either by using the

adjacent up and down counter arrows or a value can be
entered in the textbox.
The Default being used for stair flights has an optimum
pitch of 36°. Adjust the Desired Pitch to 35
44
The application re-calculates the stair flight geometry to

check if the desired pitch is achievable. The Stair
Configuration list and Pitch Validation frame are
subsequently updated.
In this example, the default pitch could not be obtained.

However, the application has calculated the closest pitch
possible that would still produce a valid stair flight for the
selected configuration.
Feedback of the changes required to maintain the

configuration are provided in the Obtained Pitch textbox
and the Stair Configuration list.
Ensure the Top and bottom extension configuration is

selected then set the Desired Pitch to 36 degrees with the
arrow counter buttons.
Unlike Layout mode, handrail cannot be added to stair

flights during the creation process in Detail mode. This
must be done as a separate activity within the handrail
utility.
45
3.4.3.4 Extensions and Landings

As this configuration has both an upper and lower extension,
both Extension Length textboxes are active and, by default,
the top and bottom extension lengths are equal.
For this example the Lower extension length will be matched

to the Upper extension length of stair flight
B01_LEV01_STAIR_1B. Enter 250 in the Lower Extension
Length textbox.
The application will re-calculate the upper extension length to

manage the overall space requirements without changing the
stair flight pitch. Note that an intermediate landing is not
permitted with this configuration due to the limitations of stair
pitch.
3.4.3.5 Specifications
The Specifications page allows the user to choose appropriate sections and catalogue items to use in
the representation of the stair flight.
The available items are controlled by the default file. In

addition, the displayed tread elements are filtered based on
the width of the stair flight and the going that has been
calculated.
Select the BS-PFC200x75x23 LTOP stringer profile from

the Stringer Specification option list.
Select the Catalogue Variable tread profile from the Tread

Specification option list.
A 3D view of the selected tread is displayed below the
option list. Standard 3D view rotation and zoom functions
are available to the user.
46
As all mandatory information is

now complete, click the now
active Build Stair Flight button to
create the stair flight.
Navigate to the newly created stair flight in Model Explorer. Note the
elements created for a Detail mode stair flight.
Save Work.
47
Exercise 1 - Creating and Modifying Stairs
The northwest corner of building B02 contains a cavity for a stair tower. Using the SLH Training Default
and the information provided below, create a series of 1000mm wide stair flights for this tower.
Use the hierarchy contained within the FRMW STAIR-TOWER under the STRU B02-ACCESS. Use the BS-
PFC200x75x23 LTOP stringer profile and the Catalogue Variable tread profile for stairs created in detail
mode. Inset each stair flight 200mm from the East/West edge of the landing platforms.
Plan North View East
Stair Number Creation Mode Configuration Type
1 Detail
2 Detail
3 Detail
4 Detail
5 Detail
6 Layout
(Handrail both sides)
Save Work
48

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CHAPTER 3

3.1 Stair Flight Hierarchy Overview

Hierarchy for Layout Mode

Hierarchy for Detail Mode

BOTEXT Bottom Extension element

3.2 Creating a Stair Flight

3.2.1 Reference Point Options

The FROM Reference Point must initially be set by making a

Clicking the Modify Position… link label displays an Explicit

3.2.2 Stair Flight Creation – Calculate Mode

In addition to the Edge to Edge and Edge to Plane

Calculate mode will allow a stair flight to be created from

As with stair flights defined to a plane, the Flip Direction

The Stair Configuration page of the form is different when in

X Offset and Nudge options work as described earlier in this

The TO Elevation height can be entered if this is known by

Other parameters for the stair flight can also be specified;

 When modifying a Stair Flight which has been created in

The Overall Rise, Rise, Pitch and Going can be locked by

Use Default buttons are available adjacent to Rise, Pitch

When a value is entered which is outside the allowable

Entering a parameter which causes another parameter to fall

3.2.3 Connections to Supporting Elements

The floor thickness field is also updated when the user

If a connection is required to the supporting element,

Where a stair flight terminates at a plane the Connect

3.2.4 Stair Configurations

Edge to Plane Configurations:

Edge to Edge Configurations:

3.3 Modifying a Stair Flight

3.3.1 Positioning Options

Stair Flights can be re-positioned using a number of methods.

Alternatively the position of the Reference Points

Both of these methods will instigate a geometry

Stair flights may also be moved in their X axis

When using the X Offset the user

This value is then used in

The Nudge textbox enables users to enter a distance to move

3.4 Creating and Modifying Stair Flights – A Worked Example

3.4.1 Setting up the 3D View

3.4.2 Creating a Stair Flight in Layout Mode

In Model Explorer navigate to BUILDING_B01 and expand the

3.4.2.1 General Attributes

Enter B01_LEV01_STAIR_1A in the Name textbox.

Enter Internal Access Stair in the Description

Select 800mm from the Width options list.

Click the Next link label to move to the next page.

3.4.2.2 Reference Points

A graphical selection must be made of the first reference

Select a point along the edge of the landing panel, at the

A second reference point (the TO point) is also required.

The Elevation and Floor Thickness text boxes are

Click the Next link label to progress

 By default, the TO Reference

3.4.2.3 Stair Configuration

On the Stair Configuration page an improved aid

The updated representation reflects the

 Enhanced aid graphics are only displayed for

Where a stair flight configuration geometry meets the Standard,

If it is not possible to create a stair flight with Geometry that

Enter a value of -400 in the X Offset textbox and click the

Select the Graphics and Snap buttons.

Select Both Sides from the Handrail Configuration

Additional aid graphics representing the handrail