Drugs acting on CNS

1)skeletal muscle relaxant:

Non depolarizing depolarizing

Competitive non-competitive

Curare&curium succinylcholine galantamine

the action is reversed by Ach dose has the same action

dose of Ach

not hydrolysed by cholinesterase hydrolysed by cholinesterase

make tachycardia make bradycardia

all skeletal muscle relaxants may cause respiratory paralysis

2)general anesthetics:
a)volatile general anaesthetics:
used by inhalation and all of them must be lipophilic

eg:nitrons oxide (n2o),halothane and x-flurane(eg; isoflurane)

used after IV solution.

Absorped and excreated through lungs.

b)non-volatile general anaesthetics:

used by IV route and all of them must be hydrophilic.

eg: thiopental (short acting barbiturates), morphine,fentanyl,droperidol

and ketamine and propofol.

Induced drowisness and realaxation before the inhalati

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Both general anaesthetics Depress CNS&induce a state of analgesia,amnesia( loss of
short term memory) &unconsiousness and Loss of all sensation

Local anesthetics:
Structure similar to cocaine

It may be ester or amide

Ester cocaine, procaine,chloroprocaine,tetracaine,benzocaine

Amide other-caine ( eg )lidocaine&lignocaine

Ester> amide in hydrolysis

Ester< amide in duration

.Mecn Na channel blocker

In tissne there are lipophilic( teriary amine)& pass membrane& as it enter

nerve cell converted to hydrophilic(quaternary ammonium cpd.) & trapped in the
nerve cell

Other use: - lozenges in sore throat

- Anaesthesia of lower limb&pelvic when injected epidural

Epi may injected with them to blood supply thus decrease their absorption

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Anxiolytic-sedative-hypnotics

Benzodiazepines:

Short acting intermediate acting long acting

Midazolam Lorazepam diazepam

triazolam flurazepam

alprazolam

chlorodiazepoxi

short acting(bdz) long acting(bdz)

no hungover make hungover

amnesia less amnesia

antidote of bdz is flumazenil.

barbituraies: acidic drug less safer& make respiratory arrest and it is considered less
safer than BDZ as barbiturates has no antidote so the respiratory depression may be
fatal if it occur.

Take urine alkalinizers ( NaHCO3 , or acetazolamide )to increase the excretion of

barbiturates).

Buspirone : non sedative anxiolytic and no abusal potential and no CNS depression
and no withdrawal symptoms appear after sudden discontinous.

Zolpidem:for insomnia not anxiolytic and no abusal potential and no withdrawal

symptoms appear after sudden discontinous.

Chloralhydrate: removed from market as it converted in body to formaldehyde which

cause optic nerve atrophy ( irreversible blindnees).

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