3S) coemistry Term 2 STPM Cropor Eacrochemsny Aig resist votmeter ‘Gusmao ensure wat only tut irom the cells athe ‘change te concantatons ttn one neg, Mesauriog Sandor Reducton Potent Info chem Tats Ave) + e--00v “a, Measuring Standard Electrode Potent 1 The half-cell whose standard electrode potential is to be measured is connected to the standard hydrogen electrode to form an ‘electrochemical cel, 2 The cell emg, (measured using a high resistant voltmeter oF a potentiometer) and the direction of flow of current are then noted. The standard electrode potential ofthe half-cell under investigation can then be calculated Half cells Consisting of a Solid Electrode and Its Aqueous Tons 1 The set-up forthe determination ofthe standard electrode potential of the zinc alf-cell is shown below: Le atersim TE} t—rrvensom zemrom || | [He* 2 When the circuit is closed, the high resistant voltmeter reads 0.76 V, and the current is flowing from the hydrogen electrode to the zinc clectrode. 3: Thus, 076= Frito 4 Followingtie IUPAC convention, teal ll equation corresponding tothe Evalue of 0 76V is Za(aq,1.0M) +2e=*Zn(s) BP =-076V orsimplys, “Za"(aq) + 26° Za(s) =-076v ox: E(Zn"/2n) =-076V 5 Note that te value ofthe E° ofa halfcll does nt depend on the stoichiometry ofthe equation For example: Zn"(aq) + 2e°= Zn(s) P=-0.76V 22x (aq) + Ae 2Zn(s) P=-076V {6 However, the F* value forthe reverse reaction: Za(s) = Zn"*(aq) +2 is (-0.76) =+076V 7 When the zinc haf cell i replaced by the silver half-cell, the e.m.é ofthe ellis 0,80 V, and silver forms the positive terminal ofthe cell Ene hivany~ Prope et 0.80V Bana Thats, Ag'(aq, LOM) +e == Ag(s) F=+0.80VChomistey Term 2 StPH Chaps Secnacramsiy SS alf-cells Consisting ofa Gas and Its Aqueous Tons 1 Takethe chlorine half-cell as example. The chlorine half cell consists ‘of the following equilibrium: ‘Ch(g) + 26° 2CT (aq) Since, there is no sold involved inthe hal-cell, an inert electrode such as platinum is used to connect the half cll tothe standard iydogen electrode as shown below: ff) easier He ; A Nan 3 Them of thecellis 1.36 V and the chlorine half-cellis-he positive terminal. Hence, 1.36 = Faneneita ~ Foy oc) Fraucosuteay = +136V) ‘That is, Cig, Vat) +2e=*2¢T(aq,.0M) B= 41.36V Half-cells Consisting of Aqueous Tons 1 For example, we measure the standard electrode potential of the following half-cell Fe(aq) + €°= Fe*(aq) 2. First, an aqueous mixture containing 1.0 mol dim” of Fe* and Fe* respectively is prepared by dissolving | mole of iron(Il) chloride and | mole of iron(II) chloride in water to make up 1 dm: o solution 3 The half-cll is then connected to the standard hydrogen electrode ceria ) If hr inal exe al gt Feag ty SO ya 7 4 The exmf. ofthe cell is 0.77 V and the Fe'/Fe* haf-cell orms the positive terminal of the cel. 0.7 = E°(Fe"/Fe) ~ E*(hydrogen electrode) (Fe /Be") = 40.7V Os, Fe™(aq, LOM) + = Fe*(aq, LOM) 077 P= s