wm 360°, ow how may b_ Write down th’ Coordinates of thc maximum and minimum points on the curve » = f(x). a Write down ty ind amplitude of f. © Skeich the graph of y =") d_ Use your answer to pari eto sketch the graph of y = 1+ 3eos2x dD cycle 360 © vont \ cycle 60? sat (0°, 3), (90°, ~3), 180", 3), (270°, -3) and (360°, 3) has its maximum aid minimum poi mw os o uy d y=1+3cos2x is translation of the graph y = 3cos2x by the vectorreciente ‘a On the same grid, sketch the graphs of y = sin2x and y = i+ 3cos2x for 0° = x = 360°. b_ State the number of solutions of the equation sin2x = 1+ 3cos2v for 0° < x < 360", b The graphs of y'=sin2x and at four points in the interval. +3e0s2x is four, Hence, the number of solutions of the equation sin2x5.5) rigonometric functions The = sinx, y= cos and y= tanx for x € R are many-one functions. If, however, we suitably restrict the domain of each of these functions, it is possible to make the function one-one and hence we can define each inverse function. The graphs of the suitably restricted functions y = sinx, y = cos and y = tanx and their inverse functions y = sin x, y = cos" x and y = tan” x, together with their domains and ranges are: . ee) gin shite). yap Dew {> Laney wey gt Carel Y Door Fe The Py Rage ¢ “ Tayo: aScoskzi 9 2 Xe -ffgor, “10° 6° [oF % “ m Fag STH a = BRS.‘When solving the equation sin x = 0.5 fop=x = tlve ‘can find one solution using the inverse functions: x= sin 0.5 Using caleulator gives x {© The angle that the calculator gives is the one that ee function sit jpal angle.) ‘The principal angle is the angle that lies in the range of the inverse trigonometric function. (This is sometimes called the p There isa second angle, « hat satisfies sin.x = 0.5 with 0 os'(¥ wD Answer ‘4 sin”!0 means the angle whose sine is 0, where -90° = angle = 90°. “ } Hence, sin '0 = 0°, b cos!( 2) means the ange whose cosines “where 0° angle = 180" Hence, cos“ ¢ tan'(-1) means the angle whose tangent is ~1, where ~90° = angle = 90°. Hence, tan“! (-1) = ~45 cos 30° = sm Su! ae bye x=0 Smet 0 ys?SU teary \VAY f(x) and explain why f has an inverse function. ‘The function f(x) = 3sin| a. Sketch the graph of b Find the range of f. « waarignentaaeintSee o (4 63 Answer 2 60 oO oO f has an inverse function because f is a one-one function with this domain, b Rangeis 4 < fx) <2. © ty=3sin( 3) esm X% 4 5 \‘Step 1: Write the function as y = — Step 2: Interchange the x and y variables, ——» Step 3: Rearrange to make y the subject. >. ‘The inverse function is f(x) = 2sin™5.6 Trigonometric equations Consider solving the equation sax = 0.5 fo 60 ‘One solution i given by x = sin“'0.5) = F (or 30°) ‘There are, however, many more values of x for which sin x = 0.5. ‘The graph of S for —360° < x < 360° is: 330°, -210°, 30° or 10° Hence, the solution of sin.xPeet ataeey @ Solve cos x =-0.7 for 0° ( q Hm a Solve 3cos*xsinxcosx = 0 for 0° < 3 < 360° eS nw Ansmer 3e0s?.x— sin.x cosx = 0 AQ €e} Factoris= cosa(3e0s3~sinx) =0 cs y? cosx=0 or 3cosx sin =0 360 -0"* x = 90° 270" sinx = 3eosx tans =3 x? or Q ee + USES. 1-45 + (HP? 7 bd cinxeons <0 for 0°65 < 360 i X= 716°, 90, 251.6" or 20° Cyt The solution of 3cos? x 1.565 +0? Hh =Prisca Solve 2sin? v4 3e0sx—3=0 for 0< x= 2m. Answer 2ain’ x +3eupu-3=0 2(1~ cos? x) +3e0sx-3= 0 2eos?x—3oosx+1= 0 (2eosxx~ IYXeos<=1) = 0 ‘The solution of 2sin?x-+Acesx—-1=0 for 0 x Sn x= 0, 5,58 or 2n 335.7 Trigonometric identities +x = 2x is called an identity because it is true forall values of >: ‘When writing an identity, we often replace the = symbol with ‘that it is an identity. symbo! co emphasise ‘Two commonly used trigonometric identities are In this section you will learn how to use these two identities to simplify expressions and to sin? x +cos!s=1 and tan. prove other more complicated identities that involve sin x, cos and tan x. ‘When proving an identity, itis usual to start with the more complicated side of the identity and prove that it simplifics to the less complicated side. rciacee tape tas -aelS on temuot om goth aeaPee| Answer 4cos? x ~ 3sin’® x = dos? x ~ (1 — cos? x) = deos? v3 + 3eos? x = Teos? x3 PCa Cee) 1+ sinx Prove the identity 2 cosy Tisdax cose ght Answer Ken ae LHS 1+sinx oor \ cosx * Ve sinx eC 1+ sin x)? + cos cosx(I-+sinx) 1 Lorn Ge one, cosx(T am) 2+2sinx © cosx(1 + sin.x)WORKED | ewer ras = (tnx . =} (= ts} Weevsescesccesecsesceone. 190 fr - L (24) (aa¥Ye-4) 2 at-b tee Vo (su) 1-3 C\+ whan) (ish) (14+ sin x)? a wT ee eeaeeeneeeaeeeeeeeeees Revi sbi tn ee L+sinx T-sinx =Lustote = (ea) ™ saentiy = Prove the identity =" = > cos? a the identity Tg cos? b- Hence, solve the equation 1=""® = 5 cos@—3 for 0° <8 < 360° Trtant@ Answer a LHS eas? Scos@+2=0 (2cosé~ 1Ncosd == 0 Co on, 6 = 360% 60° Solution is @ @« 0 fo