6.6 The cosine rule We use the cosine rule when we have either a) two sides and the included angle or b) all three sides. ‘There are two forms. B 1. ‘To find the length of a side. @=b?+2-(2becosA) or B=c2+a?—(2accosB) or c=a’+h—(2abcosc) * > © 2 ort 2. To find an angle when given all three sides. cos hei tG Ee 2be 2b or cosB=5*o—" 2ac on Gut! 2ab For an obtuse angle x we have cosx=—cos (18 Examples cos 120° = —cos 60° cos 142° = —cos 38°5 7 e ce +o" _ (5X7) C6 Y 7 =Example 1 Find b. b =a" +c —(2accosB) bP = 8" +5° —(2x8x5x cos 112°) B = 64+ 25—[80x(-0.3746)] b? = 64425 + 20.968 (Notice the change of sign for the obtuse angle.) b= 118968 =10.9 cm (to 3s.) 92454 286) Ac? ? evs ULL Example 2 Find angle C. ashe c= os ab “ J Puss Us thiseee 10 Gi des marked *. All _ are in centimetres. : 3. A i \ : RA ° . Ww 8 . 7 e i y Be _ {srt ser = 6.24 om. 8. In AXYZ, XY =3 cm, YZ=3 cm, ¥ = 90°, Find XZ. Eu ALMN, LM =5.3cm, MN=7.9 cm, M = 127°. Bind LN. (8) jn APQR, Q = 117°, PQ=80 cm, QR = 100 cm. Find PR. a mn (00- > ° 1-4 go iV) L Nf K te of: [RT [Dis 8 | 2 16 33S 1sfomIn questions 11 to 16, find each angle marked *, 17. In ABC, a= 4.3m, b= 7.2em, c=9em, Find C. L Ca8%A ADER, d= 30cm, e= 50cm, f=70em.Findé, — 4B- 19/1) APQR, p=8em, = 14cm, r=7em. Find Q o* 8") ~ 6? ar? es? h gExample ‘A ship sails from a port P a distance of 7 km on a bearing of 306° and then a further Ikm on a bearing of 070° to arrive at X. Calculate the distance from P to X. 7 = 7? +L? = (2x7 x 11x cos 56°) = 49 +121 — (86.12) PX? = 83,88 PX = 9.16 km (to 3 s.f.) ‘The distance from P to X is 9.16 km. PX: 3. A destroyer D and a cruiser C leave port P at the same time. The destroyer sails 25 km on a bearing of 040° and the cruiser sails 30 km on a bearing of 320°. How far apart are the ships? weber 4, Two honeybees A and B leave the hive H at the same time; A flies 27 m due South and B flies 9 m on a bearing of 111°, How far apart are they? a -% 29-1LW' Oy 7. From A, B lies 11 km away on a bearing ff 041° ghd C lies 8 km away.on a bearing of 341°. Find: ) the distance between B and C C= 14.426-3. A plane flies from Auckland (A) to Gisborne (G) ona bearing of L15°. The plane then flies on to Wellington (WV). Angle AGW = 63°. Nogth se ey 2 yb 6 ° o (2% (a) Calculate the bearing of trom Gisborne, 29) [21 (b) ‘The distance from Wellington to Gisborne is 400 kilometres. ‘The distance from Auckland to Wellington is 410 kilometres. Calculate the baring of Wellington from Auckland. rey (pr wt w| ww e\ysar Ke MSs o a4 ne