Pure line drawing is a technique that involves creating an image using only lines,

without any shading or tonal variations. Here are some basic techniques to create pure
line drawings:

1. Contour Drawing: This technique involves drawing the outline of an object,

without lifting the pen from the paper. It helps to develop hand-eye
coordination and spatial awareness.
2. Hatching: Hatching involves drawing parallel lines that are closely spaced to
create the illusion of value or tone. The closer the lines, the darker the value.
3. Cross-Hatching: This technique involves drawing intersecting lines to create
darker values or tones. It is a great way to create texture in a drawing.
4. Stippling: Stippling involves creating an image by using dots. The closer the
dots, the darker the value. This technique is great for creating texture and
shading.
5. Scribbling: This technique involves creating a drawing using rapid, overlapping
lines. It is a great way to create a sense of movement or energy in a drawing.
6. Gesture Drawing: Gesture drawing involves quickly capturing the essence of a
subject using loose, flowing lines. It is a great way to capture movement and
emotion in a drawing.
7. Blind Contour Drawing: This technique involves drawing the outline of a
subject without looking at the paper. It helps to develop hand-eye coordination
and observation skills.

These are some basic techniques that can be used to create pure line drawings. With
practice, you can develop your own style and create stunning works of art using these
techniques.

Tone of lines is an essential element in drawing that helps to create depth, form, and
texture in an image. Here are some basic techniques that utilize tone of lines:

1. Hatching: This technique involves drawing parallel lines that are evenly spaced
apart to create a flat tone or to suggest a form.
2. Cross-hatching: This technique involves drawing overlapping parallel lines to
create a darker value, form, or texture.
3. Contour hatching: This technique involves drawing lines that follow the
contour of an object to create a sense of form or volume.
4. Stippling: This technique involves creating tone by using dots that are spaced
closer or farther apart from each other.
5. Scribbling: This technique involves using a series of overlapping lines that are
drawn in different directions to create texture or value.

Pure tone is an essential element in drawing that helps to create a sense of depth,
form, and texture in an image. Here are some basic techniques that utilize pure tone:
 1. Blending: This technique involves using a blending tool such as a blending
stump or your finger to soften and smooth out the tone of a drawing.
2. Gradation: This technique involves gradually changing the tone of a drawing
from light to dark or from one color to another.
3. Burnishing: This technique involves using a harder pencil or a burnishing tool
to create a smooth, polished surface that reflects light.
4. Layering: This technique involves building up layers of tone to create a sense
of depth and dimension in a drawing.
5. Negative drawing: This technique involves drawing the spaces around an object
to create a sense of form and volume.
6. Erasing: This technique involves selectively removing tone with an eraser to
create highlights and to adjust the tone of a drawing.

Drawing is a fundamental skill for artists, and it is important to understand the basic
techniques that utilize line and tone. Here are some techniques:

1. Contour Drawing: This technique involves drawing the outline of an object

without lifting the pencil. This technique helps to develop hand-eye
coordination and observation skills.
2. Cross-Hatching: This technique involves drawing overlapping lines to create
shading and texture. The closer the lines are together, the darker the shading
will be.
3. Stippling: This technique involves creating shading by using small dots. The
closer the dots are together, the darker the shading will be.
4. Hatching: This technique involves drawing parallel lines to create shading and
texture. The closer the lines are together, the darker the shading will be.
5. Smudging: This technique involves using a blending tool like a piece of tissue
or a tortillon to create smooth transitions between tones.
6. Chiaroscuro: This technique involves creating a strong contrast between light
and dark tones to create a sense of depth and three-dimensionality.

Tonal value is an important aspect of architectural design as it helps to create depth,

contrast, and visual interest in a building. Tonal value refers to the lightness or
darkness of a color or material, and it can be used to create a sense of depth by
varying the intensity of the shades used.
For example, in modern architecture, tonal value is often used to create a sleek,
minimalist look by using a limited palette of monochromatic colors, such as black,
white, and gray. This approach helps to create a sense of unity and simplicity in the
design while also highlighting the form and texture of the building.

Another example is the use of tonal value in traditional architecture, such as Gothic or
Renaissance styles. These styles often feature intricate patterns and details that are
highlighted by contrasting light and dark tones. For instance, in Gothic architecture,
the use of stained glass windows and dark stone walls creates a dramatic contrast
between light and dark, which helps to emphasize the intricate details of the building's
design.

Overall, tonal value is an essential element in architectural design, and architects use
it to create a range of effects and moods in their buildings, from minimalist and
modern to intricate and ornate.

Tonal Value in architecture Shades and Shadow

Shade and Shadows in Perspective

2 point pers
1 point pers